Liner for gyratory or cone crusher

Abstract

According to a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a recess for a gyratory or cone crusher, the recess comprising a front face for providing a crushing surface, and a top face proximate or adjacent to the front face, where a first interior angle measured around a top leading edge of the recess and between the front face and the top face is greater than 90 degrees. A liner for a gyratory or cone crusher having a housing is also described, the liner comprising a first recess and a second recess wherein the first recess is arranged axially above and adjacent to the second recess such that: a top surface of the second recess is substantially parallel to a bottom surface of the first recess, the substantially parallel faces define an engagement surface at an angle Y with respect to the vertical direction, the front faces of the first and second recesses being substantially parallel and defining a surface at an angle M with respect to the vertical direction, where M + Ygt; the angle is 90 degrees. According to a first aspect, the liner may be made of a recess. A lined gyratory or cone crusher is also disclosed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to recesses for use in gyratory or conical crushers. This disclosure also relates to a liner made of a plurality of recesses. This disclosure further relates to a gyratory or conical crusher having recesses. Background Technology

[0002] Rotary or cone crushers are known for crushing or pulverizing materials. A rotary crusher typically comprises an upwardly extending truncated cone-shaped shell, i.e., the shell has a larger diameter at its upper end. The shell is lined (blank, gasket, liner) which forms a crushing surface of the crusher. The liner can take various forms, but is typically formed by multiple tetrapod segments (i.e., four sides in addition to the front and back) that have curvature along at least one axis to allow the tetrapod segments to approximately match the curvature of the truncated cone shape of the shell. This liner element is often referred to as a "concave". In some cases, the concave is fixedly mounted to the shell, for example using epoxy resin or other adhesive materials. In other cases, the concave is removably mounted, for example by bolts through the shell and extending into the back of the concave.

[0003] Recesses are typically installed in several rows or layers within the shell. Each row can consist of multiple recesses that collectively cover the entire 360° portion of the truncated conical shell. Thus, the first row of recesses can cover the entire 360° portion of the shell. The next row, located axially above the first row, can also be formed by multiple recesses that collectively cover the entire 360° portion of the truncated conical shell. Each row can include 5-20 recesses, such that each recess extends approximately 18°-72° around the curve of the truncated cone. The number of rows depends on the size of the crusher and the ease with which recesses of a given size can be processed. A typical crusher can have three to six rows of recesses. Because the truncated conical shell has a larger diameter at its upper end and a smaller diameter at its lower end, the radius of curvature of the recesses in the higher axial rows can be greater than that of the recesses in the lower rows. There can be more recesses in the higher axial rows.

[0004] The downward-expanding truncated cone crusher head is positioned roughly in the middle of the casing. The crusher head typically has an outer liner or "mantel" mounted on it, which provides an additional crushing surface. The crusher head faces downwards or passes through an opening at the bottom of the casing.

[0005] In a rotary crusher, a beam or "spider" is mounted on top of the casing, supporting the upper end of the truncated cone crusher head. That is, the truncated cone crusher head is narrower at its upper end (near the spider) and wider at its lower end. In a cone crusher (which is typically smaller overall than a rotary crusher), there is usually no spider or beam to support the top of the crusher head. Cone crushers can use a shorter crusher head compared to rotary crushers. Aside from these differences, the operating principles of rotary crushers and cone crushers (described below) are essentially the same. In some setups, a rotary crusher is used to crush the largest rocks into medium-sized pieces, while one or more cone crushers are used downstream of this process to further crush medium-sized rocks.

[0006] In rotary or cone crushers, the crusher head is eccentrically mounted so that as it is driven to rotate, its outer surface (i.e., the outer surface of the shroud) periodically moves toward and away from any given point on the shell / liner. The material to be crushed is poured into the top of the shell, i.e., the area between the liner and the shroud. Under gravity, the material falls within the shell to the point where it first contacts the liner and the shroud; that is, the given material is (briefly) supported between these two parts. If the crusher head / shroud is located at a point on its eccentric path of movement toward the material, the material will be crushed between the crusher head and the shell. Specifically, crushing occurs between the liner on the shell and the shroud on the crusher head. If the crusher head is located at a point away from its eccentric path of movement toward the material, this movement provides more space for the material to be crushed to fall further into the shell under gravity until it again comes to rest between the liner and the shroud. After a given piece of material is crushed, the fragments may fall to a lower point within the crusher, or, if crushed into sufficiently small pieces, may fall through the outlet gap defined between the shroud and the orifice. The initially large piece of material is broken down into smaller fragments that gradually decrease in size within the casing toward the outlet gap after undergoing multiple crushing actions.

[0007] Therefore, the shroud and liner provide two crushing surfaces and bear very high loads during crusher operation. Compared to other parts of the crusher, the shroud, liner, and recess typically wear out relatively quickly and require multiple replacements during the crusher's service life. Replacing the liner requires stopping the crusher and removing material, resulting in a loss of productivity. New liners also have monetary costs, and there are labor costs associated with installing them. Therefore, long-lasting liner services are desirable to minimize downtime and reduce the life-cycle operating and / or maintenance costs of rotary or cone crushers. Summary of the Invention

[0008] According to a first aspect, a recess for a rotary or cone crusher is provided, the recess comprising: a front surface for providing a crushing surface, and a top surface adjacent to or near the front surface, wherein a first interior angle (C) surrounding the top front edge of the recess and measured between the front surface and the top surface is greater than 90 degrees.

[0009] As a non-limiting example, the angle can be 95 degrees, 100 degrees, 105 degrees, 110 degrees, 115 degrees, or 120 degrees. This angle makes the front of the recess more wear-resistant in the area near its top edge. Specifically, when installed in the housing of a crusher, the front will face slightly upwards. During operation, the front provides a crushing surface on which materials such as rock are crushed. In a design with an angle of 90 degrees, the inventors found that wear preferentially occurs at and near the top front edge. Setting the angle to >90 degrees means that, compared to a similar recess with an angle of 90 degrees, the force vector acting on the front at a point near the top of the front (from the crushed rock) will act on a thicker area of ​​the recess. In short: as with the prior art, a 90-degree angle makes the recess sharper in that area, and the pointed end is more prone to breakage during crushing operations. Making the angle greater than 90 degrees reduces the sharpness of that area, thereby reducing wear on that area of ​​the recess.

[0010] This shape of the recess can be defined in an alternative but equivalent way. That is: a first vector is defined as a vector normal to the front surface in the region near the top front edge, the first vector extending into the recess; a second vector is defined as a vector normal to the top surface in the region near the top front edge, the second vector extending into the recess; the first vector and the second vector are coplanar; and the angle (C') between the first vector and the second vector is less than 90 degrees.

[0011] This alternative definition is equivalent to the definition given in the first aspect, because there is the following relationship between the two: angle C + angle C' = 180 degrees.

[0012] In some examples, the top face is adjacent to the front face such that the front face intersects the top face at the top front edge, where the first interior angle is measured around the top front edge and between the following two:

[0013] 1) The point on the front face near the top front edge; and

[0014] 2) Points on the top surface near the top front edge.

[0015] In other words, in some examples, the front edge extends all the way to intersect with the top edge, and these two surfaces are not separated by a chamfer. In these cases, the top front edge is the actual corner of the recess, a tactile corner.

[0016] In some alternative examples, the top surface is close to the front surface, and the recess also includes a chamfer between the top surface and the front surface, wherein the chamfer is a flat chamfer or a curved chamfer, and wherein the top front edge is the edge where the continuation of the front surface intersects with the continuation of the top surface, and the first interior angle surrounds the top front edge and is measured between the following:

[0017] 1) Points on the front side adjacent to the chamfer; and

[0018] 2) Points on the top surface adjacent to the chamfer.

[0019] In other words, in some examples, the top and front surfaces are separated by a chamfer. In these examples, the top front edge (around which the aforementioned angle is measured) is not a tactile corner of the recess. Instead, the top front edge here is defined as the line where the front surface, facing upwards, intersects the continuation of the chamfer with the continuation of the top surface, also facing upwards.

[0020] The recess may also include a bottom surface, wherein the second interior angle (D) surrounding the bottom front edge of the recess and measured between the front and bottom surfaces is less than 90 degrees.

[0021] The second interior angle can also be defined in an alternative but equivalent manner. That is: the third vector is defined as a vector normal to the front surface in the region near the bottom front edge, the third vector extending into the recess; the fourth vector is defined as a vector normal to the bottom surface in the region near the bottom front edge, the fourth vector extending into the recess; the third vector and the fourth vector are coplanar; and the angle (D') between the third vector and the fourth vector is greater than 90 degrees.

[0022] The two definitions of the angle between the bottom and the front are equivalent because the relationship between them is as follows: angle D + angle D' = 180 degrees.

[0023] A second interior angle of less than 90 degrees allows two recesses to be placed adjacent to each other, with the bottom surface of one recess facing the top surface of the other, and the two surfaces being substantially parallel to each other. This design reduces the gap between two adjacent recesses, which could otherwise create weak points in a lining made of multiple recesses from the first aspect. A second interior angle of less than 90 degrees also allows the recesses to fit well into a given housing; for example, when the recess is installed, it allows the bottom surface to be flush with the support frame of the housing.

[0024] The recess may have a third interior angle (F) that is measured around the top rear edge of the recess and between a point on the back side of the recess adjacent to the top rear edge and a point on the top surface adjacent to or close to the top rear edge, the third interior angle being less than 90 degrees, wherein the top rear edge is the edge where the top surface intersects the back side, or the edge where a continuation of the top surface intersects a continuation of the back side.

[0025] The third interior angle can also be defined in an alternative but equivalent manner. That is: the fifth vector is defined as a vector normal to the back surface in the region near the top rear edge, the fifth vector extending into the recess; the sixth vector is defined as a vector normal to the top surface in the region near the top rear edge, the sixth vector extending into the recess; the fifth and sixth vectors are coplanar; and the angle (F') between the fifth and sixth vectors is greater than 90 degrees.

[0026] The two definitions of the angle between the bottom and the front are equivalent because the relationship between them is as follows: angle F + angle F' = 180 degrees.

[0027] For a recess where the front and back sides are parallel to each other, F+C = 180 degrees. However, in some designs, the back side may not be parallel to the front side.

[0028] According to a second aspect, a liner for a rotary crusher is provided, comprising a plurality of recesses, wherein each of the plurality of recesses is a recess according to any of the foregoing aspects.

[0029] The recessed liner according to the first aspect can have a longer service life because (as described above) each recess has greater abrasion resistance at or near its top front edge. Multiple recesses can be arranged in a first row or first layer forming a complete 360-degree annular shape. The liner may optionally include a second row or second layer of recesses forming a complete 360-degree annular shape, wherein the second row is arranged above the first row.

[0030] According to a third aspect, a liner for a rotary crusher is provided, comprising a first recess and a second recess; wherein the first recess is the recess according to the first aspect; wherein the second recess includes a front surface for providing a crushing surface and a bottom surface, wherein a second interior angle surrounding the bottom front edge of the second recess and measured between the front surface and the bottom surface is less than 90 degrees.

[0031] The first recess and the second recess can be arranged such that the top surface of the first recess faces the bottom surface of the second recess and is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the second recess, and the front surface of the first recess is substantially parallel to the front surface of the second recess.

[0032] The recesses arranged in this way can minimize the gaps between the recesses, thereby reducing the formation of weak points in the entire lining.

[0033] The first interior angle can be x degrees larger than 90 degrees, and the second interior angle can be y degrees smaller than 90 degrees, where xy < 10 degrees, xy < 5 degrees, or x = y.

[0034] x = y or x ≈ y means that the two surfaces will be substantially parallel to each other. This can help in positioning the recesses relative to each other when constructing the lining, for example by placing one recess on top of another recess below, where their parallel surfaces mean that they are placed flush with each other.

[0035] According to a fourth aspect, a liner for a rotary or cone crusher having a shell is provided, the liner including a first recess and a second recess, wherein the first recess is arranged axially above and adjacent to the second recess such that: the top surface of the second recess is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the first recess, the substantially parallel surfaces define a mating surface at an angle Y with respect to the vertical direction, and the front surfaces of the first recess and the second recess are substantially parallel and define a surface at an angle M with respect to the vertical direction, wherein M+Y>90 degrees.

[0036] In prior art linings, each recess has a 90-degree angle between its top and front surfaces, and the mating surface between two recesses is perpendicular to the front surface. Therefore, when installed in a housing with a conical angle (X) relative to the vertical direction, the mating surface points upwards relative to the vertical direction at approximately a 90-X angle. In contrast, in the lining according to the fourth aspect, the mating surface points more horizontally than in the prior art. In some embodiments, the mating plane of the fourth aspect lining will be oriented substantially horizontally. Making the mating plane horizontal or closer to horizontal reduces the likelihood of damage to these mating recesses from falling rocks / materials. This also helps to reinforce the recesses in this area. This is because these recesses are thicker along the direction of the force vector, which originates from the crushing action on a given rock, compared to prior art recesses with a 90-degree angle between the front and top surfaces.

[0037] In this respect, M is defined relative to the vertical direction, and Y is defined relative to the vertical direction. However, the sum of M+Y (i.e., M+Y>90 degrees) is independent of the angle of the recess relative to gravity. Therefore, for example, a given pair of recesses can be constructed where M+Y = 110 degrees, and the sum of M+Y remains constant regardless of whether the recess is placed in a shell with a 50-degree taper angle or a shell with a 25-degree taper angle. The only change that occurs between the lining installed in a shell with a 25-degree taper angle and a shell with a 50-degree taper angle is that the mating plane is more or less oriented horizontally depending on the predetermined shape of the recess.

[0038] The second recess can be the recess described in the foregoing aspect. The first recess can be the recess described in the foregoing aspect. That is, providing multiple recesses according to the first aspect allows for the construction of the lining according to the fourth aspect.

[0039] The liner may also include a third recess configured to be axially located above and adjacent to the first recess within the housing, such that the top surface of the first recess is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the third recess, and the top surface of the first recess is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the third recess, thereby defining a second mating surface, wherein there is an angle Z between the mating surface and the vertical direction, such that M+Z>90 degrees.

[0040] This can improve the wear resistance of the liner at the joint between the two recesses by ensuring that the mating plane between the third recess and the first recess is more horizontal than in existing designs. Therefore, the advantages mentioned above also apply.

[0041] M is defined relative to the vertical direction, and Z is defined relative to the vertical direction. However, the sum of M+Z (i.e., M+Z>90 degrees) is independent of the angles they occupy. Therefore, for example, a given pair of recesses can be constructed where M+Z = 100 degrees, and the sum of M+Z remains constant regardless of whether the recesses are placed in a shell with a 45-degree taper angle or a shell with a 20-degree taper angle.

[0042] Angle Z can be within 10 degrees of angle Y, optionally within 5 degrees, and further optionally angle Z is equal to angle Y.

[0043] The first recess is separated from the second recess by a gap, preferably between 1 mm and 15 mm. Alternatively, the first recess may also contact the second recess. In other words, the first recess may be spaced 0-15 mm apart from the second recess.

[0044] The gap can be filled, for example, with epoxy resin or zinc. These materials can help to fit the recesses into the housing and help prevent broken material from entering the gaps between the recesses.

[0045] According to a fifth aspect, a rotary or cone crusher is provided, comprising: a shell; and a liner according to a second, third, or fourth aspect.

[0046] Rotary or cone crushers with linings designed according to one of these principles can have a longer service life between maintenance downtimes. Therefore, the total output of the crusher over a given timeframe can potentially increase due to fewer lining maintenance or replacement requirements.

[0047] The first recess may be separated from the second recess by a gap, preferably between 1 mm and 20 mm, more preferably between 1 mm and 10 mm. In other examples, the first recess may contact the second recess (i.e., there is no gap between the first and second recesses). In other words, the first recess may be spaced 0-15 mm apart from the second recess.

[0048] The first recess and the second recess can be arranged such that the first recess protrudes from the second recess, preferably wherein the protrusion distance between the protrusions is less than 20 mm.

[0049] The protrusion helps protect the top surface of the second (lower) recess from impacts from the rock above. It also helps prevent wear near the top front edge of the second (lower) recess. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Various aspects of this disclosure will now be described by way of non-limiting example with reference to the following figures, in which:

[0051] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a crusher with a liner of known design is shown;

[0052] Figure 2A The image shows a recess inside the crusher, indicating the wear condition of the recess.

[0053] Figure 2B It shows Figure 1 The cross-sectional view depicts the force vector;

[0054] Figure 2C It shows Figure 2B Enlarged cross-sectional view;

[0055] Figure 3A A perspective view of the recess of a known design is shown;

[0056] Figure 3B It shows Figure 3A A plan view of the concave part;

[0057] Figure 3C It shows Figure 3A A cross-sectional view of the concave portion;

[0058] Figure 4A A perspective view of the recess according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0059] Figure 4B It shows Figure 4A A cross-sectional view of the concave portion;

[0060] Figure 4C It shows Figure 4A A plan view of the concave part;

[0061] Figures 5A to 5C Cross-sectional views of different designs of the recess according to this disclosure are shown;

[0062] Figure 6A A cross-sectional view of a crusher having a recess according to this disclosure is shown;

[0063] Figure 6B and Figure 6C They are shown respectively Figure 6A Enlarged cross-sectional view; and

[0064] Figure 6D It shows Figure 6A The crusher has a protrusion between the two recesses. Detailed Implementation

[0065] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a crusher 10 with a liner 14 of known design is shown. The direction of gravity is indicated by arrow G. The crusher 10 shown in the figure has no support, so this example is a "cone crusher". However, the following description also applies to rotary crushers. Therefore, the following description will simply refer to it as "crusher 10", but it should be understood that the description applies equally to cone crushers or rotary crushers.

[0066] The crusher includes a housing 12 and a truncated cone crushing head 80. In this example, the housing 12 includes a lower top shell 20 and an upper top shell 30. The upper top shell 30 and the lower top shell 20 are lined with a liner 14, which includes a plurality of recesses 40, 50, 60, and 70 arranged in a row. The liner 14 (i.e., the recesses 40-70) provides a crushing surface for the entire crusher 10. Each of the recesses 40-70 has a corresponding front face 40f-70f, which face inward toward the crushing head 80. These front faces 40f-70f of the recesses 40-70 define a generally truncated cone shape for the liner 14, and thus define a crushing surface for the crusher 10. The shape defined by the recesses 40-70 may deviate from a perfect truncated cone, for example from Figure 1 The curved shape of the lowest recess 40 is clearly visible.

[0067] At least the inner surface of the housing 10 has a generally upwardly expanding truncated cone shape, that is, the diameter of the housing 10 is larger at its upper end and smaller at its lower end.

[0068] The crusher head 80 is configured with a generally downwardly expanding truncated cone shape. That is, the diameter of the crusher head 80 is smaller at its upper end and larger at its lower end. The crusher head 80 is mounted on an eccentric drive, so that as the crusher head 80 rotates by the drive, its outer surface (shroud 82) periodically moves closer to and further away from any given point on the liner 14, such as... Figure 1 As indicated by the arrow in the diagram, the housing 12 and liner 14 together define an aperture at the lower end of the housing 12 through which the crusher head 80 extends upward. An annular space H is defined between the lower end of the housing 12 and the crusher head 80. As the crusher head 80 moves in its eccentric pattern, the precise shape of the annular space H changes constantly, but the overall shape of the aperture remains annular.

[0069] In operation, the material to be crushed is poured into the housing 12 from the top side, where "top" is relative to gravity. Under the influence of gravity, the material falls within the housing 12, impacting the liner 14 and the cover 82 as it falls. Initially, large pieces of material (e.g., large rocks) will fall to a horizontal plane where one end is (briefly) supported by contact with one or more recesses 40-70 in the liner 14, and the other end is supported by contact with the cover 82. Depending on the rotational position of the crusher head 80, when the aforementioned large rock is first supported between the cover 82 and the recesses 40-70, the cover 82 either moves toward or away from the recesses 40-70 at the point of contact with the rock. If the cover 82 moves toward the position where the rock contacts the recesses 40-70, the rock will be crushed between the cover 82 and the recesses 40-70. If the cover 82 travels away from the position where it contacts the recessed area of ​​the rock, the space beneath the rock opens, and the rock slides further down within the housing 12 until it comes to rest again between the recess and the cover 82, where it is then crushed as the cover 82 returns toward the recess that was previously supporting the rock. After the rock is crushed, some or all of the fragments of the crushed rock may be small enough to pass through the annular space H under gravity. Any fragments that are too large to pass through the annular space H can undergo further crushing at a lower axial level within the crusher 10. For example, the material exits the crusher 10 by falling through the annular space H and then into a hopper or bin, or is transported away on a conveyor belt.

[0070] The recesses 40-70 are arranged in several rows or layers. Figure 1 The lowest recess 40 shown is the first row of recesses 40. Directly above the first row of recesses 40 is the second row of recesses 50. Directly above the second row of recesses 50 is the third row of recesses 60. Directly above the third row of recesses 60 is the fourth row of recesses 70.

[0071] In the following text, for each recess, the letter "t" in the reference numerals indicates the top surface, "b" the bottom surface, "l" the left surface, "r" the right surface, "f" the front surface, and "re" the back surface. The front surface "f" of a given recess is the surface that contacts the material to be crushed during the operation of the crusher 10. When installed in the housing 12, the bottom surface "b" of a given recess is lower than the top surface "t" relative to gravity. "Left" and "right" are defined when observing the front surface "f" of a given recess.

[0072] The bottom surface 70b of the fourth row of recesses 70 is approximately adjacent to the top surface 60t of the third row of recesses 60. The bottom surface 60b of the third row of recesses 60 is adjacent to the top surface 50t of the second row of recesses 50. The bottom surface 50b of the second row of recesses 50 is adjacent to the top surface 40t of the first row of recesses 40. The gap between each row of recesses can be very small. This gap is typically 5-15 mm, but can be smaller. That is, the bottom surface 50b of the second row of recesses is 5-15 mm away from the top surface 40t of the first row of recesses. In some cases, this gap is provided to accommodate manufacturing tolerances of the recesses or to accommodate the growth of material after installation. In some designs of crushers, this gap is filled with filler materials such as epoxy resin or zinc. Although this document references... Figure 1 Four rows of recesses have been discussed, but it should be understood that more or fewer rows of recesses can be used in different known crusher designs. The inventors have investigated [the following] based on the above... Figure 1 The crusher was designed, and it was found that wear in the recesses 40-70 preferentially occurs near the top edge of each row of recesses, that is, in the area closest to or directly adjacent to the top surface of the front. This is especially true for the recesses in the first to third rows. This preferential wear can... Figure 2A As can be seen, there is significant wear on the top of the front side of the first row of recesses. This significant wear occurs within the first 10% of the expected service life of the recesses.

[0073] Because both the inner surface of the liner 14 and the crusher head 80 are truncated cone shapes, when the crusher head 80 approaches a given point on the recess 40-70 to crush the material (“rock”), the horizontal component of the crushing force is larger, while the upward component is smaller. That is, due to the truncated cone shape, the rock is slightly “compressed” from below, thus deflecting slightly upwards during the crushing action. This means that during the crushing process, the force vector experienced by the given recess 40-60 is oriented radially outwards and slightly above the horizontal direction. Typically, the force vector forms an angle of approximately 0-40 degrees (usually 20-40 degrees) above the horizontal plane. This force vector is as follows... Figure 2B As shown, it displays several arrows. Figure 1 The crusher 10 in the middle. Each arrow depicts the main force vector experienced by the front "f" of a given recess of the liner 14 during the crushing operation, when the material to be crushed is crushed at different axial heights.

[0074] Figure 2CAn enlarged view of the area where the bottoms of the second row of recesses 50 and the third row of recesses 60 intersect is shown. The force vector F is shown near the top of the second row of recesses 50, illustrating the force typically experienced by the recesses 50 when rock rests against the front surface 50f of the recesses 50 and is crushed by the crusher head 80. The cross-section of the recesses 50 is generally rectangular; in particular, the front surface 50f of the recesses 50 forms a 90-degree angle with the top surface 50t. Similarly, the cross-section of the recesses 60 is also generally rectangular, and the front surface 60f of the recesses 60 forms a 90-degree angle with the bottom surface 60b. These 90-degree angles mean that the bottom surface 60b of the upper recess 60 and the top surface 50t of the lower recess 50 are substantially facing each other and parallel to each other.

[0075] Figure 2C Each of the two recesses 50 and 60 depicted has a corresponding front surface 50f and 60f. The front surfaces 50f and 60f are substantially aligned with and substantially parallel to each other. These front surfaces 50f and 60f collectively define the tapered angle X of the lining 14, wherein the angle X is defined relative to the vertical direction (i.e., relative to gravity G). Figure 2B As can be seen, the taper angle is generally constant along the second recess 50, the third recess 60, and the fourth recess 70. That is, when viewed from a cross-section in a plane defined by the vertical and radial axes of the crusher 10, the second recess 50, the third recess 60, and the fourth recess 70 can have flat front surfaces 50f, 60f, and 70f, respectively. For the lowest recess 40, the taper angle X can vary towards its lower end. That is, when viewed from the cross-section, the front surface 40f of the lowest recess 40 can be curved.

[0076] The bottom surface 60b of the upper recess 60 and the top surface 50t of the lower recess 50 are substantially parallel, defining a mating surface P55 between the two recesses 50 and 60. The recesses 50 and 60 may be spaced apart by a small distance (e.g., 0-20 mm, preferably 5-20 mm; optionally, this space may be filled with a filler material such as epoxy resin or zinc). In this case, the mating surface P55 is a plane parallel to the top surface 50t of the lower recess 50 and the bottom surface 60b of the upper recess 60, and is located between the two recesses 50 and 60. The orientation of the mating surface P55 is perpendicular to the front surfaces 50f and 60f of the two recesses 50 and 60 and perpendicular to the housing 12 behind the recesses 50 and 60. Therefore, the mating surface P55 forms an angle of 90-X (“ninety minus X”) degrees relative to the vertical direction G. It is believed that, due to the aforementioned force vector, wear preferentially occurs at the upper edges of these recesses. This is because, towards, for example, the top front edge of the recess 50 (i.e., the location where the front surface 50f intersects the top surface 50t), the force vector acts on the relatively narrow portion of the recess 50 (i.e., the corners in the recess 50), such as from... Figure 2CAs can be seen, at this location, due to the gap between the recesses, the next upper recess (i.e., recess 60) does not provide additional material "behind" the corner, which, if present, would provide support for the corner along the force vector. Therefore, the force vector F acts on the relatively thin and unsupported corner portion of recess 50, as indicated by the marked distance d. Consequently, this area is thinner and more prone to wear. Force vectors located lower and closer to the center of a given recess (e.g., recess 50) act over the entire thickness of recess 50; therefore, in these areas, recess 50 is more resistant to wear.

[0077] In some cases, the gaps between the recesses are filled with, for example, epoxy resin or zinc. These materials are relatively soft and flexible compared to typical materials used for recesses. Therefore, the filler material (epoxy resin, zinc, etc.) does not provide any significant support for the thin corner of the recess at that location.

[0078] For recesses made of harder materials (such as high-chromium white cast iron and certain alloy steels), excessive wear on the upper edge of the recess is a particularly serious problem. These high-hardness materials are typically very brittle. Therefore, the recess cannot be bent or folded too much before cracking. This means that the gap between the recesses ensures that the upper recess does not provide any support for the high-load upper corner of the lower recess before the lower recess cracks. For more deformable materials, the top leading edge of a given recess may deform until it contacts the recess above it; thus, the upper recess provides support for the deformed top leading edge, preventing further damage.

[0079] Figure 3A and Figure 3B A perspective view of a recess 60, which serves as part of the liner 14 of the crusher 10, is shown. The overall shape of the recess 60 is a cuboid, wherein the cuboid is curved in one dimension. Although the following discussion of the recess shape refers to the third row of recesses 60, it also applies to the second row of recesses 50 and the fourth row of recesses 70. The first row of recesses 40 differs from the other recesses 50-70 because... Figure 1 The plane shown is curved. However, apart from this difference, the following description of the recess 60 also applies to the first row of recesses 40.

[0080] The recess 60 has a front surface 60f, which provides the main wear surface of the recess 60. That is, during the operation of the crusher 10, the front surface 60f comes into contact with the material to be crushed. The recess 60 has a left side surface 60l, a right side surface 60r, a bottom surface 60b, and a top surface 60t.

[0081] The angle A between the top surface 60t and the back surface 60re, measured around the top rear edge 60tre (top front and back edges 60tfe), is 90 degrees. The angle A between the top surface 60t and the front surface 60f, measured around the top front edge 60tfe, is also 90 degrees.

[0082] Figure 3B A top view of the recess 60 is shown. The recess 60 has a radius of curvature R. More specifically, the front surface 60f has a radius of curvature R. The radius of curvature is normal to the front surface 60f. The radius of curvature R is generally equal to the radius of the housing 12 at that axial height (i.e., the axial height of that portion of the corresponding recess) minus the thickness of the recess. In this way, each recess (e.g., recess 60) can fit tightly against the housing 12 at a predetermined axial position within the housing 12.

[0083] The back 60re can be flat or have cavities, for example... Figure 1 , Figure 3A and Figure 3C As shown. This cavity can accommodate filling materials (epoxy resin, zinc, etc.) or other components for mounting the recess, and / or accommodate other devices, such as sensors.

[0084] Figure 4A and Figure 4B The design of the recess 100 according to this disclosure is shown. Figure 4A and Figure 4B The recess 100 with Figure 3A and Figure 3B The recesses 60 have several similarities, but also some differences. The recesses 100 described are associated with crusher 101, which may be a cone crusher or a rotary crusher, hereinafter referred to as "crusher". Recesses 100 can, for example, be used in the crusher 10 described above. Existing recesses 40-70 can, for example, be removed from the crusher 100 and can be replaced with a liner 114 that includes at least the recesses 100. That is, in one aspect, this disclosure provides for retrofitting the housing of an existing crusher with a new liner 114.

[0085] The recess 100 has a front surface 100f, which provides the main wear surface of the recess 100. That is, during the operation of the crusher, the front surface 100f comes into contact with the material to be crushed. The recess 100 has a left side surface 100l, a right side surface 100r, a bottom surface 100b, and a top surface 100t. The recess 100 shown has a chamfered surface 100ch between the front surface 100f and the top surface 100t. In these cases, the hypothetical top leading edge 100tfe is defined as the line where the front surface 100f and the top surface 100t intersect, wherein the top surface 100t extends straight and the front surface 100f extends straight upward, i.e., as shown. Figure 4CAs shown. That is, the upward continuation of the front surface 100f intersects the forward continuation of the top surface 100t with a line, which is the top front edge 100tfe. In other examples where there is no chamfered surface 100ch (so the front surface 100f directly intersects (joins) the top surface 100t), the top front edge 100tfe is simply the edge where the top surface 100t intersects with the front surface 100f. That is, in this case, the top front edge 100tfe is the uppermost edge of the front surface 100f (as described above) and also the foremost edge of the top surface 100t.

[0086] Typically, a chamfer (if present) begins at the point where the front face first deviates (in the cross-section) from approximately the plane. This deviation can be a sharp one where the front face intersects the top surface or the (flat) chamfer face of the plane, or it can be at the point where the chamfer's gentle curve first measurably deviates from the plane of the front face.

[0087] In the example shown, the chamfered surface 100ch is flat. It can also be a curved chamfer. When viewing the recess 100 from the front 100f, the left side 100l is "left" and the right side 100r is "right". The top surface 100t is located between the front 100f and the back 100re, and the bottom surface 100b is located between the front 100f and the back 100re. When the recess 100 is installed in the crusher 101, the top surface 100t is vertically higher than the bottom surface 100b. The bottom trailing edge 100bre is as follows... Figure 4A As shown by the dashed line in the image.

[0088] XYZ axes, such as Figure 4A As shown, the top surface 100t and the bottom surface 100b are approximately separated from each other along the Z-axis. Figure 4B A top view of the recess 100 (i.e., viewed downwards along the Z-axis) is shown, clearly showing the curvature of the recess 100 in the XY plane. The recess 100 has a radius of curvature R1. In this example, the radius of curvature R1 is constant at all axial heights between the top surface 100t and the bottom surface 100b. In other examples, the radius of curvature can vary along the axial height of the recess 100 (i.e., between the top surface 100t and the bottom surface 100b). For example, the radius of curvature of the front surface 100f can decrease towards the bottom surface 100b and increase towards the top surface 100t.

[0089] Figure 4A Multiple angles, B and F, are marked on it. Each angle marked with "B" is 90 degrees. Figure 3A , Figure 3BUnlike the recess 50, the angle C between the front face 100f and the top face 100t, measured around the top front edge 100tfe, is greater than 90 degrees. More specifically, this means that the angle C is measured around the top front edge 100tfe and is between the point on the front face 100f closest to the top front edge 100tfe (i.e., adjacent to or near the top front edge) and the point on the top face (upper face) 100t closest to the top front edge 100tfe (i.e., adjacent to or near the top front edge), and the angle C is greater than 90 degrees. Preferably, the angle C is in the range of 90° < C ≤ 120°. More preferably, the angle C is in the range of 95° < C ≤ 120°.

[0090] The angle between the front face 100f and the top face 100t can be defined in an alternative but equivalent way using normal vectors, as Figure 4C shown. In the region near the top front edge 100tfe (or near the chamfer 100ch, if present), a first vector Vf normal to the front face 100f can be defined, which extends into the recess 100. In the region near the top front edge 100tfe (or near the chamfer 100ch, if present), a second vector Vt normal to the top face 100t can be defined. The first and second vectors are chosen such that they are coplanar, so these vectors intersect each other at an intersection point P inside or behind the recess 100. The angle C' between the two vectors Vt, Vf around the intersection point P is less than 90 degrees. By inspection, it can be seen that the relation C + C' = 180 degrees holds. This relation provides the above equivalence between these two definitions of the angle between the top face 100t and the front face 100f. That is, as described above, the angle C of the recess 100 is always greater than 90 degrees, so the angle C' is always less than 90 degrees. As the angle C increases, the angle C' decreases. Thus, for example, when the angle C is 110 degrees, the angle C' will be 70 degrees. This definition using normal vectors extending into the recess 100 can also be used to define the relative angles between other faces of the recess 100.

[0091] In the case where there is no chamfer 100ch and the front face 100f intersects the top face 100t at the top front edge 100tfe, the above-mentioned point on the top face 100t will be adjacent to (e.g., immediately adjacent to) the top front edge 1000tfe. The angle C is measured inside the recess 100. This is different from the angle measured externally, in which the path corresponding to the angle is outside the body of the recess 100. In context, "adjacent" to the top front edge and "immediately adjacent" to the top front edge can be understood as the points in question being within 10 mm of the top front edge, preferably within 5 mm of the top front edge.

[0092] In all cases, angle C is measured in a plane perpendicular to the top front edge 100tfe. The top front edge 100tfe is curved in one dimension (i.e., it curves around the circumference of the housing 12 with the aforementioned curvature of the front surface 100f). Therefore, angle C is defined as the angle between the front surface 100f and the aforementioned points on the top surface 100t, wherein these points lie in a plane perpendicular to the top front edge 100tfe at that location on the front surface 100f along the recess 100.

[0093] and Figures 3A-3C Unlike the recess 60, the angle D between the front surface 100f and the bottom surface 100b is less than 90 degrees. More specifically, the bottom front edge 100bfe is defined at the intersection of the bottom surface 100b and the front surface 100f. The angle D is measured around the bottom front edge 100bfe and is measured between a point on the front surface 100f adjacent (e.g., immediately adjacent) to the bottom front edge 100kfe and a point on the bottom surface 100b adjacent (e.g., immediately adjacent) to the bottom rear edge 100bfes, and the angle D is less than 90 degrees.

[0094] The angle between the front face 100f and the bottom face 100b can be defined using a normal vector in an alternative but equivalent manner, such as... Figure 4C Further illustrated, a first vector Vf2, normal to the front surface 100f, can be defined in the region near the bottom front edge 100bfe, extending into the recess 100. A second vector Vb, normal to the bottom surface 100b, can be defined in the region near the bottom front edge 100bfe. The first and second vectors are chosen such that they are coplanar, and thus intersect each other at a point inside or behind the recess 100. The angle D' between the two vectors Vf2 and Vb around the intersection point is greater than 90 degrees. By examination, the relation D + D' = 180 degrees holds. This relation provides the aforementioned equivalence between the two definitions of the angle between the bottom surface 100b and the front surface 100f.

[0095] In some examples, C+D = 180°, which means that for a concave portion 100 where the front face 100f is flat (i.e., forming a straight line in the Z dimension), the top face 100t and the bottom face 100b are parallel to each other. That is, the approximate shape of the concave section is a parallelogram. However, this is not necessary, and angles C and D can be chosen independently of each other.

[0096] An angle F exists between the top surface 100t and the back surface 100re. This angle is measured around the top rear edge 100tre between the top surface 100t and the back surface 100re. Similarly, an angle E exists between the back surface 100re and the bottom surface 100b, which is measured around the bottom rear edge 100bre between the back surface 100re and the bottom surface 100a. The measurement method for angles F and E is basically the same as that for angles C and D described above, that is, by measuring around the edge in a plane perpendicular to the edge and selecting the point that is adjacent to or closest to the corresponding edge.

[0097] Typically, the back face 100re of the recess 100 will be parallel to the front face 100f. Therefore, the angle F will be less than 90 degrees, and the relationship C+F=180 degrees holds.

[0098] The angle between the back surface 100re and the top surface 100t can be defined using a normal vector in an alternative but equivalent manner, as described above. Figure 4C That is, a first vector Vre, normal to the back surface 100re, can be defined in the region near the top rear edge 100tre, extending into the recess 100. A second vector Vt2, normal to the top surface 100t, can be defined in the region near the top rear edge 100tre. The first and second vectors are chosen such that they are coplanar, so that they intersect each other at a point inside or in front of the recess 100. The angle F' between the two vectors Vre and Vt2 around the point of intersection is greater than 90 degrees. By examination, the relation F + F' = 180 degrees holds. This relation provides the above-mentioned equivalence between the two definitions of the angle between the back surface 100re and the top surface 100t.

[0099] Figures 5A-5C Cross-sectional views of different designs of recesses 501-503 are shown, wherein recesses 501-503 are identical to recess 100 described above, except for the specific differences associated with each recess 501-503 described below. Features of any one of these recesses 501-503 can be matched with features of any other recess among these recesses.

[0100] exist Figure 5A In this design, the top surface 501t does not extend continuously from the front surface 501f to the back surface 501re. Instead, there is a stepped transition 501s between the top surface 501t and the back surface 501re. For example, the stepped transition 501s can be provided to accommodate a portion of the housing (e.g., housing 12). For example, in some crusher designs, such as... Figure 1 The housing shown includes an upper top shell 30 connected to the lower top shell 20. For example, a step change 501s can accommodate a connection seam or connecting bolts between the upper top shell 20 and the lower top shell 30. Figure 5AIn this example, there is no chamfer, so the top surface 501t connects directly to the front surface 501f at the top front edge 501tfe. In this example, angle C is greater than 90 degrees. The angle 501D between the front surface 501f and the bottom surface 501b is 90 degrees. Figure 5B In the diagram, the chamfered surface 502ch exists between the front surface 502f and the top surface 502t. Figure 5A Similarly, there is a step change 502s between the top surface 502t and the back surface 502re. In this example, C + D = 180°, so the top surface 502t and the bottom surface 502b are parallel. Angle 502C is measured around the top front edge 502tfe between the front surface 502f and the top surface 502t, and C is greater than 90 degrees. Angle 502D is measured around the bottom front edge 502bfe between the front surface 502f and the bottom surface 502b, and D is less than 90 degrees. In this example, angles C and D are chosen such that the top surface 502t and the bottom surface 502b are parallel to each other.

[0101] exist Figure 5C In this example, a rounded chamfered surface 503ch is provided between the front surface 503f and the top surface 503t. The dashed lines indicate the start and end points of the chamfered surface 503ch. That is, for example, these lines depict the point where the curve of the chamfered surface 503ch (on one side) merges with the plane of the top surface 503t, and the point where it merges with the plane of the front surface 503f on the other side. The front surface 503f is planar, at least in the upper part of the recess 503. Angle 503C is measured around the top front edge 503tfe between the front surface 503f and the top surface 503t, and C is greater than 90 degrees. In this example, the top surface 503t extends from the front surface 503f to the back surface 503re. In this example, C+D ≠ 180°, that is, the top surface 503t and the bottom surface 503b are not parallel.

[0102] Figure 6A A cross-sectional view of a crusher 101 with a liner 114 is shown. The crusher 101 may have the same features as described above. Figure 1 The same housing 12. In other words, according to this disclosure, the aforementioned original liner 14 can be removed from the crusher 10 and replaced with a new liner 114. The new liner 114 includes a plurality of recesses 110, 120, 130, 140. The lowest recess 110 is located at... Figure 6A The curve is shown in the plane. The second, third, and fourth rows of recesses 120, 130, and 140 are... Figure 6AThe plane shown has approximately straight front faces 120f, 130f, and 140f, respectively. These front faces 120f, 130f, and 140f are substantially aligned with each other and / or parallel to each other (i.e., as described below, there is a small amount of intentional misalignment). Therefore, the front faces 120f, 130f, and 140f of the second to fourth rows of recesses define a tapered angle M relative to the vertical direction (i.e., relative to gravity G). The curve of the front face 110f of the lowest recess is set such that the uppermost part of the front face 110f of the lowest recess 110 is aligned with and / or parallel to the front face 120f of the second row of recesses 120.

[0103] Each of the multiple recesses 110, 120, 130, and 140 can be related to the above-mentioned... Figures 4A-5C The recesses 100 are substantially similar. In particular, each of the plurality of recesses 110, 120, 130 (except for the topmost recess 140) has angles 110C, 120C, 130C between its front faces 110f, 120f, 130f and its top faces 110t, 120t, 130t, which are measured about its top front edge and are greater than 90 degrees. Similarly, each of the plurality of recesses (except for the lowest recess 110) has angles 120D, 130D, 140D, which are measured about its bottom front edge between its bottom faces 120b, 130b, 140b and its front faces 120f, 130f, 140f and are less than 90 degrees.

[0104] Angles 110C, 120C, 120D, 130C, 130D, and 140C are chosen such that the top surface of any given recess is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the recess directly above it, and these substantially parallel surfaces define corresponding mating surfaces between the recesses. Specifically, a mating surface P115 is defined between the first row of recesses 110 and the second row of recesses 120; a mating surface P125 is defined between the second row of recesses 120 and the third row of recesses 130; and a mating surface P135 is defined between the third row of recesses 130 and the fourth row of recesses 140. Each recess 110-140 can be spaced apart by a small distance (e.g., 5-20 mm; optionally, this space can be filled, for example, with a filler material such as epoxy resin or zinc). In this case, the mating surface between any two recesses is defined as a plane parallel to the respective top and bottom surfaces facing each other and located between the two recesses.

[0105] In other words, the angle 120C of the lower recess 120 can be F degrees larger than 90 degrees, and the angle 130D of the higher recess can be G degrees smaller than 90 degrees. In some examples, F = G. However, particularly due to manufacturing tolerances, F and G can differ slightly from each other. Therefore, for example, FG (“F minus G”) is preferably less than 10 degrees, more preferably less than 5 degrees, and even more preferably less than 2 degrees.

[0106] exist Figure 1 In the known crusher 10 and liner 14, surfaces P45, P55, and P65 are provided between the recesses 40, 50, and 60. As described above, these surfaces P45, P55, and P65 are perpendicular to the surfaces defined by the (flat) front faces 50f, 60f, and 70f of the second to fourth rows of recesses, and perpendicular to the surface of the shell directly behind each recess. This perpendicular arrangement of surfaces P45, P55, and P65 is due to the fact that each of the recesses 40-70 has a 90-degree angle between its front face 40f-70f and its top surface 40t-70t.

[0107] In contrast, according to this disclosure, each surface P115, P125, P135 is not perpendicular to the surface defined by the (flat) front surfaces 110f-140f of the recess. Instead, each surface P115, P125, P135 is more oriented toward the horizontal plane than each surface P45, P55, P65.

[0108] In other words, the front faces 120f, 130f, and 140f of each of the second to fourth rows of recesses 120-140 define a surface M', where surface M' defines a tapered angle M relative to the vertically upward direction. Each mating surface P115, P125, and P135 defines a corresponding planar angle Y relative to the vertically upward direction. Y can be the same or different for each plane. In all cases, M + Y > 90 degrees. Thus, the corresponding mating surfaces P115, P125, and P135 are not perpendicular to the plane defined by the front faces 120f, 130f, and 140f, but rather oriented more horizontally.

[0109] Figure 6B Depicting Figure 6A Enlarged view of the intersection of recess 120 and recess 130. The mating surface P125 is shown, and in the example shown, the mating surface is nearly horizontal. Therefore, the angle Y between the vertical direction and the mating surface is 90 degrees. As previously mentioned, angle M is a tapered angle defined by the front faces 120f and 130f of the two recesses 120 and 130 relative to the vertically upward direction, and M + Y > 90 degrees.

[0110] The housing 12 may define its own surface N', against which the recess rests, and this surface may form a tapered angle N with respect to the vertical direction G. Angle N may be the same as angle M. In other examples, M and N may be different. For example, this can be achieved by varying the thickness of each recess in its respective front-to-back direction. The housing 12 may define multiple tapered angles. For example, the housing 12 may define a relatively large first tapered angle N (relative to the vertical direction) at its upper part, and a relatively small tapered angle O (defined between surface O' and the vertical direction G) at its lower part (near the opening where the crushed material exits the crusher 101). For example, angle O may be close to or equal to zero degrees. Figure 6C It shows the relationship with Figure 6B The same view, with a force vector F added. This force vector F is... Figure 2C The vectors depicted are the same as those associated with the known design of lining 14. That is, in Figure 6C and Figure 2C In this case, the force vector acts at a straight-line distance equidistant from the top front edge of the corresponding recess. From Figure 6C It can be seen that the force vector near the top of the recess 120 acts on the portion of the recess 120 with a thickness of d2. When the dimensions of the recess 120 are the same as those of the recess 60 (or similarly the recess 50) except for the angle C of its top front edge, the thickness d2 in the recess 120 is greater than the thickness d of the recess 60 shown in Figure 2. This is a direct result of the fact that the angle X between the top surface 120t and the front surface 120f of the recess 120 is greater than 90 degrees. This means that for the same material, Figure 6C The upper front corner of the recess 120 (i.e., the position near the intersection of the top surface 120t and the upper surface 120f, optionally separated by a chamfer) is larger than Figure 2C The upper corner of the recess 50 is more robust because there is more material (i.e., thickness d2 compared to thickness d) to provide strength to the recess. This makes the recess 120 more resistant to damage in the area near the top front edge 120tfe. As previously specifically combined Figure 2B It is known that this area of ​​lining 14 and recesses 40-70 experiences more significant wear than other areas. Therefore, recess 120 is more wear-resistant because angle 120C (equivalent to angle C related to the design of recess 100) is greater than 90 degrees.

[0111] Recess 130 is axially positioned above recess 120. Recess 130 has an angle 130D between its front surface 130f and bottom surface 130b, which is measured around the bottom leading edge of recess 130 and corresponds to angle D related to the design of recess 100. 130D and 120C are chosen such that the bottom surface 130b of the upper recess 130 is substantially parallel to the top surface 120t of the lower recess 120. This helps avoid introducing new failure points; for example, it prevents a given rock from getting stuck in the large gap between recesses 120 and 130, such that when the rock is subjected to the kinetic load of the crusher head 80, the rock would abut against the bottom surface 130b of the upper recess 130.

[0112] like Figure 6D As shown, the dimensions of the upper recess 130 and the lower recess 120 allow for the presence of an overhang OH at the closest point between the two recesses 120 and 130. The distance OHd between the overhangs OH can be defined as the shortest straight-line distance between the front surface 120f of the lower recess 120 and the continuation of the front surface 130f of the upper recess 130. This overhang OH can optionally prevent or reduce the impact of material falling into the crusher 101 on the top surface 120t of the lower recess 120 or on the top corner (e.g., the top front edge 120tfe) of the lower recess 120. Therefore, this can improve the overall wear resistance / service life of the liner 114 constructed using the recesses 120 and 130. An equivalent overhang can exist between each pair of recesses in the liner 114. In each case, the overhang can optionally provide the same benefits.

[0113] In many designs, the lower part of the lowest recess 110 is not subjected to particularly high crushing forces. That is, the bottom of the recess 110 can extend below the annular gap H. Therefore, the specific shape of the bottom of the recess 110 can be any suitable shape. For example, as... Figure 6A As shown, the front surface 110f of the lowest recess 110 can be curved outward (i.e., convex) such that the bottom of the front surface 110f is further away from the axial center of the crusher 101 than the middle of the recess 110. The bottom surface 110b can be configured such that when the recess 110 is installed in the crusher 101, the bottom surface 110b is in a horizontal state (e.g., against the flange of the housing 12). Therefore, the angle between the front surface 110f and the bottom surface 110b is measured about the bottom front edge and between a point on the front surface adjacent (e.g., immediately adjacent) to the bottom front edge and a point on the bottom surface adjacent (e.g., immediately adjacent) or closest to the bottom front edge, and this angle can be equal to or greater than 90 degrees.

[0114] The recesses 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, and 501-504 can be made of any suitable material. Suitable materials include alloy steel (such as ASTM A532A / 532M steel, Type II B, or Type III A) or white cast iron. White cast iron has very high wear resistance and relatively low impact toughness. Alloy steel can provide low to medium wear resistance and medium to high impact toughness. The specific material can be selected based on the intended use of the crusher (i.e., what materials the crusher will primarily crush).

Claims

1. A recess for a rotary or cone crusher, the recess comprising: The front surface used to provide the broken surface, and the top surface near or adjacent to the front surface. Wherein, the first interior angle, measured around the top front edge of the recess and between the front surface and the top surface, is greater than 90 degrees.

2. The recess according to claim 1, wherein, The top surface is adjacent to the front surface such that the front surface intersects the top surface at the top front edge, wherein the first interior angle is measured around the top front edge and between the following two: 1) The point on the front surface adjacent to the top front edge; and 2) Points on the top surface adjacent to the front edge of the top.

3. The recess according to claim 1, wherein, The top surface is adjacent to the front surface, and the recess further includes a chamfer between the top surface and the front surface, wherein the chamfer is a flat chamfer or a curved chamfer, and wherein the top front edge is the edge where the continuation of the front surface intersects with the continuation of the top surface, and the first interior angle is measured around the top front edge and is between the following: 1) The point on the front surface adjacent to the chamfer; and 2) Points on the top surface adjacent to the chamfer.

4. The recess according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the recess further includes a bottom surface, wherein, The second interior angle, measured around the bottom front edge of the recess and between the front and bottom surfaces, is less than 90 degrees.

5. The recess according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The third interior angle, measured around the top rear edge of the recess and between a point on the back surface of the recess adjacent to the top rear edge and a point on the top surface adjacent to or close to the top rear edge, is less than 90 degrees, wherein the top rear edge is the edge where the top surface intersects the back surface, or the edge where a continuation of the top surface intersects a continuation of the back surface.

6. A liner for a rotary crusher, comprising a plurality of recesses, wherein, Each of the plurality of recesses is a recess as described in any of the preceding claims.

7. A liner for a rotary crusher, comprising a first recess and a second recess; in, The first recess is the recess according to any one of claims 1-5. The second recess includes: Used to provide the front and bottom surfaces of the broken surface. Wherein, the second interior angle, measured around the bottom front edge of the second recess and between the front surface and the bottom surface, is less than 90 degrees.

8. The lining according to claim 7, in, The first recess and the second recess are arranged such that the top surface of the first recess faces the bottom surface of the second recess and is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the second recess. The front side of the first recess is substantially parallel to the front side of the second recess.

9. The lining according to claim 7 or 8, wherein, The first interior angle is x degrees greater than 90 degrees, and the second interior angle is y degrees less than 90 degrees, where xy < 10 degrees, xy < 5 degrees, or x = y.

10. A liner for a rotary or cone crusher having a shell, the liner includes a first recess and a second recess, in, The first recess is arranged axially above and adjacent to the second recess, such that: The top surface of the second recess is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the first recess, and the substantially parallel top and bottom surfaces define a mating surface at an angle Y with respect to the vertical direction. The front surfaces of the first recess and the second recess are substantially parallel, and define a surface at an angle M relative to the vertical direction. Where M+Y>90 degrees.

11. The lining according to claim 10, wherein, The second recess is the recess according to any one of claims 1-5, and optionally, the first recess is the recess according to any one of claims 1-5.

12. The lining of claim 10 or 11 further includes a third recess configured within the housing, axially above and adjacent to the first recess, such that the top surface of the first recess is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the third recess, thereby the substantially parallel top and bottom surfaces defining a second mating surface, wherein, An angle Z exists between the mating surface and the vertical direction, such that M+Z>90 degrees.

13. The lining according to claim 12, wherein, The angle Z is within 10 degrees of the angle Y, optionally within 5 degrees, and further optionally, the angle Z is equal to the angle Y.

14. The lining according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein, The first recess is separated from the second recess by a gap, preferably, wherein the gap is between 1 mm and 15 mm, or wherein the first recess is in contact with the second recess.

15. A rotary or cone crusher, comprising: case; as well as The lining according to any one of claims 6-14.

16. The rotary or cone crusher according to claim 15, wherein, The first recess is separated from the second recess by a gap, preferably, wherein the gap is between 1 mm and 15 mm, or wherein the first recess is in contact with the second recess.

17. The rotary or cone crusher according to claim 15 or 16, wherein, The first recess and the second recess are arranged such that the first recess protrudes from the second recess, preferably wherein the protrusion distance of the protrusion is less than 20 mm.

Images