Partial discharge monitoring system and method

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a partial discharge monitoring system and method. The partial discharge monitoring system comprises a system end machine, a sensing optical fiber and an upper computer module, one end of the sensing optical fiber is laid on the surface of the three-phase common-box GIL shell, the other end of the sensing optical fiber is connected with the system end machine, and the sensing optical fiber is used for transmitting light pulses and generating backscattering light signals; the system end machine is used for emitting a periodic optical pulse, receiving a backscattering light signal, performing photoelectric conversion and signal processing on the backscattering light signal, and extracting vibration data; the upper computer module is in communication connection with the system end machine, and the upper computer module is used for receiving the vibration data, identifying the partial discharge position according to the vibration data and performing early warning, so that the efficiency and reliability of the system are improved. The problem that the position of the three-phase common-box GIL fault is difficult to accurately locate in the existing detection technology is solved, subsequent fault overhaul and maintenance work is facilitated, meanwhile, the power failure time is shortened, and the operation reliability and economical efficiency of a power grid are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high voltage and insulation technology, and in particular to a partial discharge monitoring system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Gas-insulated metal-enclosed transmission lines (GILs) are metal-enclosed long-distance power transmission equipment that uses SF6 gas or a mixture of SF6 and N2 as insulation. They offer advantages such as large transmission capacity, flexible spatial arrangement, high reliability, long service life, and minimal environmental impact, making them highly suitable for the needs of modern urban power grid construction and renovation, and their application in the power transmission field is becoming increasingly widespread. During manufacturing, transportation, installation, maintenance, and operation, GILs inevitably develop some insulation defects, such as metal burrs on conductors, loose components or poor contact, air gaps formed by the separation of conductors from supporting insulators, residues after maintenance, and metal particles within the cavity. These insulation defects gradually deteriorate during long-term operation, and when they reach a certain level, they can lead to partial discharge (PD) inside the equipment. PD accelerates further damage to the internal insulation, ultimately causing insulation failure and power outages, posing a potential hazard to operating GILs.

[0003] Existing grid-connected gas-insulated circuits (GILs) are all split-phase GILs, which suffer from problems such as large footprint and difficult maintenance. To achieve miniaturized GIL design, save equipment space, reduce manufacturing and maintenance costs, and improve the natural power transmission of GIL buses, three-phase co-enclosure compact GILs are gradually being developed and applied in complex and compact environments. However, when the three conductors operate in a co-enclosure, their insulation structure differs significantly from that of split-phase GILs. The mechanisms of partial discharge generation and development are not yet fully understood, and there is a lack of GIL equipment defect and fault diagnosis methods based on partial discharge. Therefore, relevant research is urgently needed to ensure the safe and stable operation of three-phase co-enclosure GIL equipment.

[0004] Partial discharge is always accompanied by changes in light, electricity, magnetism, vibration, and physical and chemical processes. Based on these phenomena, partial discharge phenomena in equipment are understood by focusing on monitoring parameters such as light, vibration, ultrasound, and electromagnetic waves, thereby evaluating the equipment's health status and promptly detecting potential faults in operating power equipment. Due to the influence of insulators, inner conductors, and the inner wall of the outer casing, electromagnetic waves undergo multiple reflections or attenuation during propagation. Therefore, the propagation of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic wave signals inside a three-phase common-enclosure gas-insulated circuit (GIL) is extremely complex. Traditional partial discharge detection methods based on conduction and radiation coupling theories are ineffective in GILs. Furthermore, existing detection methods struggle to accurately locate faults, necessitating power outages for GIL maintenance, resulting in significant economic losses and high costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a partial discharge monitoring system and method to solve the problem that existing detection technologies are unable to accurately locate the GIL fault in a three-phase common-enclosure circuit.

[0006] This invention provides a partial discharge monitoring system, comprising: a system terminal, a sensing optical fiber, and a host computer module;

[0007] One end of the sensing fiber is laid on the surface of the three-phase common-enclosure GIL shell, and the other end of the sensing fiber is connected to the system terminal. The sensing fiber is used to propagate optical pulses and generate backscattered light signals.

[0008] The system terminal is used to emit periodic light pulses, receive the backscattered light signal, perform photoelectric conversion and signal processing on the backscattered light signal, and extract vibration data. The system terminal includes a signal processing subsystem and an optical path module. The signal processing subsystem includes an optical transmitting module, an optical receiving module, and an FPGA signal processing module, forming a closed-loop structure with the optical path module. The optical transmitting module emits periodic light pulses. The optical receiving module receives the backscattered light signal returned from the sensing fiber and converts it into an electrical signal, which is then input to the FPGA signal processing module. The optical path module transmits the light pulses to the sensing fiber and the backscattered light signal to the optical receiving module. The FPGA signal processing module controls the optical transmitting module to emit periodic light pulses and extracts the vibration data from the electrical signal, transmitting it to the host computer module.

[0009] The host computer module is connected to the system terminal for communication. The host computer module is used to receive the vibration data, identify the location of partial discharge based on the vibration data, and issue an early warning.

[0010] Optionally, the optical transmitting module includes a narrow-linewidth laser source and a first coupler; the optical path module includes an optical amplifier, a circulator, and a second coupler; the narrow-linewidth laser source is connected to the first coupler via an optical fiber, the first coupler is connected to the optical amplifier and the second coupler via optical fibers, the optical amplifier is connected to the first end of the circulator via an optical fiber, the second end of the circulator is connected to the three-phase common-box GIL surface via an optical fiber, the third end of the circulator is connected to the second coupler via an optical fiber, and the second coupler is connected to the optical receiving module via an optical fiber; the narrow-linewidth laser source is used to emit continuous light; the first coupler is used to split the continuous light into two paths, one path modulated into pulsed light, and the other path used as a reference light; the optical amplifier is used to amplify the pulsed light; the circulator is used to transmit the amplified pulsed light to the sensing optical fiber and to transmit the backscattered light signal to the second coupler; the second coupler is used to couple the reference light and the backscattered light signal and then transmit them to the optical receiving module.

[0011] Optionally, the optical receiving module includes a photoelectric conversion unit, a first amplification circuit, a differentiating circuit, a second amplification circuit, and an analog-to-digital conversion unit. The photoelectric conversion unit is connected to a second coupler via an optical fiber. The photoelectric conversion unit, the first amplification circuit, the differentiating circuit, and the second amplification circuit are sequentially electrically connected. The first amplification circuit is also electrically connected to the analog-to-digital conversion unit, and the second amplification circuit is also electrically connected to the analog-to-digital conversion unit. The photoelectric conversion unit is used to receive backscattered light signals and convert them into electrical signals. The first amplification circuit is used to amplify the electrical signals. The differentiating circuit is used to convert fluctuations caused by partial discharge into pulse signals. The second amplification circuit is used to amplify the pulse signals from the differentiating circuit. The analog-to-digital conversion unit is used to convert the amplified electrical signals and pulse signals into digital signals.

[0012] Optionally, the first amplification circuit includes a first-stage amplifier and a gain-controllable amplifier; the first-stage amplifier is electrically connected to the photoelectric conversion unit and the gain-controllable amplifier respectively, and the gain-controllable amplifier is also electrically connected to the differentiating circuit and the analog-to-digital conversion unit respectively; the first-stage amplifier is used to amplify the electrical signal converted by the photoelectric conversion unit; the gain-controllable amplifier is used to adjust the signal gain to compensate for the backscattered light intensity fluctuation caused by vibration.

[0013] Optionally, the FPGA signal processing module includes a light source control unit, a vibration feature extraction unit, a pulse counter, a data encoding and framing unit, and a synchronization signal generation unit. The light source control unit is electrically connected to the light transmitting module, the synchronization signal generation unit, and the pulse counter. The vibration feature extraction unit is electrically connected to the light receiving module, the synchronization signal generation unit, and the data encoding and framing unit. The data encoding and framing unit is also communicatively connected to the host computer module. The synchronization signal generation unit generates a light source trigger signal. The pulse counter receives the trigger signal and outputs a count to the light source control unit. The light source control unit receives the light source trigger signal and the pulse count, and outputs a control signal to the light transmitting module. The vibration feature extraction unit extracts vibration data from the electrical signal transmitted by the light receiving module. The data encoding and framing unit receives the vibration data and the pulse count, generates a frame header corresponding to the pulse width, appends the vibration data to form encoded data, and transmits it to the host computer module.

[0014] Optionally, the vibration feature extraction unit includes a fast-in / fast-out circuit, a threshold comparison circuit, a timing control circuit, a PI control circuit, and a digital-to-analog converter circuit. The fast-in / fast-out circuit is electrically connected to the optical receiving module and the threshold comparison circuit, respectively. The threshold comparison circuit is also electrically connected to the PI control circuit and the timing control circuit, respectively. The PI control circuit is also electrically connected to the digital-to-analog converter circuit, and the digital-to-analog converter circuit is also electrically connected to the optical receiving module. The fast-in / fast-out circuit stores the digital signal output by the optical receiving module and introduces a fixed time delay. The timing control circuit controls the emission period of the optical pulse. The threshold comparison circuit compares the delay signal read by the fast-in / fast-out circuit with a preset threshold and outputs a control signal to the PI control circuit. The PI control circuit adjusts the output voltage according to the control signal from the threshold comparison circuit and based on a PI control algorithm. The digital-to-analog converter circuit converts the output voltage of the PI control circuit into an analog voltage signal and outputs it to a gain-controllable amplifier.

[0015] Optionally, the host computer module includes: a display layer, a control layer, a business layer, and a database;

[0016] The display layer is used to visualize vibration monitoring, parameter setting, partial discharge early warning, and partial discharge detection.

[0017] The control layer is used to respond to user operations and realize the interaction between the display layer and the business layer;

[0018] The service layer is used to implement signal denoising, fault mode identification, and location.

[0019] The database stores system parameters, algorithm settings, and historical data.

[0020] Optionally, the database includes: a system settings table, a Raman scattering raw data table, a vibration spatial distribution table, a partial discharge spatial distribution table, a vibration history alarm information table, and a partial discharge history alarm information table.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, a partial discharge monitoring method is also provided, employing any of the partial discharge monitoring systems described in this invention, the partial discharge monitoring method comprising:

[0022] The system terminal emits periodic light pulses, which propagate in the sensing optical fiber and generate backscattered light signals.

[0023] The system terminal receives the backscattered light signal, performs photoelectric conversion and signal processing on the backscattered light signal, and extracts vibration data;

[0024] The host computer module receives the vibration data, identifies the location of partial discharge based on the vibration data, and issues an early warning.

[0025] Optionally, the system terminal receives the backscattered light signal, performs photoelectric conversion and signal processing on the backscattered light signal, and extracts vibration data, including:

[0026] The optical receiving module receives the backscattered light signal and converts it into an electrical signal, which is then input into the FPGA signal processing module.

[0027] The FPGA signal processing module extracts the vibration data of the electrical signal and transmits it to the host computer module.

[0028] The technical solution of this invention, by laying sensing optical fibers in the outer casing of a three-phase common-enclosure gas-insulated line (GIL), propagates optical pulses and generates backscattered light signals, enabling continuous vibration monitoring of long-distance GIL lines. The system terminal receives the backscattered light signals, performs photoelectric conversion and signal processing, extracts vibration data, and the host computer module can determine the location of partial discharges based on the received vibration data, improving system efficiency and reliability. This technical solution facilitates subsequent fault diagnosis and maintenance, shortens power outage time, and improves the reliability of power grid operation.

[0029] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a partial discharge monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another partial discharge monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another partial discharge monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration feature extraction unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another partial discharge monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a partial discharge monitoring method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a partial discharge monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to situations where real-time status monitoring and fault location are required for high-voltage transmission GIL lines, and is particularly suitable for industrial sites with dense high-voltage power equipment or complex environments. Figure 1 As shown, the partial discharge monitoring system includes: a system terminal 101, a sensing fiber optic cable 102, and a host computer module 103;

[0040] One end of the sensing fiber 102 is laid on the surface of the three-phase common-enclosure GIL shell, and the other end of the sensing fiber 102 is connected to the system terminal 101. The sensing fiber 102 is used to propagate optical pulses and generate backscattered light signals. The system terminal 101 is used to emit periodic optical pulses, receive backscattered light signals, perform photoelectric conversion and signal processing on the backscattered light signals, and extract vibration data. The system terminal 101 includes a signal processing subsystem 1011 and an optical path module 1012. The signal processing subsystem 1011 includes an optical transmitting module 10111, an optical receiving module 10112, and an FPGA signal processing module 10113, forming a closed-loop structure with the optical path module 1012. The optical transmitting module 10111... The optical receiving module 10112 is used to emit periodic light pulses; the optical receiving module 10112 is used to receive the backscattered light signal returned by the sensing fiber 102 and convert it into an electrical signal input to the FPGA signal processing module 10113; the optical path module 1012 is used to transmit the light pulses to the sensing fiber 102 and transmit the backscattered light signal to the optical receiving module 10112; the FPGA signal processing module 10113 is used to control the optical transmitting module 10111 to emit periodic light pulses and to extract the vibration data of the electrical signal and transmit it to the host computer module 102; the host computer module 103 is communicatively connected to the system terminal 101, and the host computer module 103 is used to receive vibration data, identify the partial discharge location based on the vibration data and issue an early warning.

[0041] The sensing fiber 102 is laid on the surface of the three-phase common-enclosure GIL shell, serving as the sensing medium. When an optical pulse is injected into the sensing fiber 102 from the system terminal 101, the light propagates within the fiber, generating backscattered light signals due to the microscopic inhomogeneities of the fiber, such as Rayleigh scattering and Brillouin scattering. When partial discharge occurs, the intensity and phase of the backscattered light signal change when the sensing fiber 102 is subjected to vibration. By processing the backscattered light signal, its intensity and phase can be measured, thus enabling the monitoring of partial discharge. The laying distance of the sensing fiber 102 can range from several kilometers to thirty kilometers; longer distances require multiple system combinations or improvements to the light source or optical path structure. The system terminal 101 can emit optical pulses and receive backscattered light signals, extracting vibration information caused by partial discharge from the backscattered light signals. The system terminal 101 includes a signal processing subsystem 1011 and an optical path module 1012. The signal processing subsystem 1011 includes an optical transmitting module 10111, an optical receiving module 10112, and an FPGA signal processing module 10113. The optical transmitting module 10111 generates periodic light pulses as a detection signal. The optical path module 1012 couples the light pulses into the sensing fiber 102, guiding the backscattered light signal returned from the sensing fiber 102 to the optical receiving module 10112. The optical receiving module 10112 receives the backscattered light signal from the optical path module 1012 and converts it into an electrical signal. The FPGA signal processing module 10113 controls the optical transmitting module 10111 to transmit light pulses according to a set period and parameters. Simultaneously, the FPGA signal processing module 10113 receives the electrical signal from the optical receiving module 10112, processes the electrical signal, and extracts vibration data from the complex backscattered signal. The vibration data includes vibration intensity and position information.

[0042] The host computer module 103 can receive vibration data from the FPGA signal processing module 10113 and adjust the parameters of the signal processing subsystem 1011. It can detect and locate vibration signals based on the vibration data and store the data in a database in real time. For example, utilizing the characteristics of fiber optic sensing, since light pulses propagate at a constant speed in optical fibers, by measuring the time difference between the pulse emission and the reception of scattered light at a certain location, the exact location of the scattered light in the optical fiber can be determined. When partial discharge occurs at that location, the backscattered light signal at that location will change and be detected. By analyzing the received vibration data, locations with vibration intensity exceeding a set threshold are identified. Combined with the physical location of this point on the optical fiber, the actual location of the vibration point caused by partial discharge on the GIL can be determined. Simultaneously, the host computer module 103 has a user-friendly interface, including geographical information of the monitoring area, real-time alarms for target events, and can communicate and interact with other sensing devices and mobile devices.

[0043] Specifically, the FPGA signal processing module 10113 controls the optical transmitting module 10111 to emit a periodic light pulse. The optical path module 1012 guides the light pulse into the sensing optical fiber 102, where it propagates and generates backscattered light. If a partial discharge occurs at a point inside the GIL (Gas Injector Light), the discharge will generate vibrations, which can be transmitted through the GIL shell to the sensing optical fiber 102 laid on its surface. The physical properties of the optical fiber at the vibration point are modulated, and the backscattered light signal returns along the sensing optical fiber 102. The optical path module 1012 guides the returned backscattered light to the optical receiving module 10112, which converts the backscattered light into an electrical signal. The FPGA signal processing module 10113 receives the electrical signal, processes it, extracts the vibration data at each point along the optical fiber, and sends the vibration data to the host computer module 103. After receiving the vibration data, the host computer module 103 identifies the location of the vibration, i.e., the partial discharge point, based on the vibration data. Meanwhile, the host computer module 103 can issue early warnings based on information such as discharge intensity.

[0044] The technical solution of this invention enables continuous vibration monitoring of long-distance GIL lines by laying sensing optical fibers in the outer casing of a three-phase common-enclosure GIL (Gas Insulator). This propagates optical pulses and generates backscattered light signals. The system terminal receives the backscattered light signals, performs photoelectric conversion and signal processing, extracts vibration data, and the host computer module can determine the location of partial discharges based on the received vibration data. This improves system efficiency and reliability, facilitates subsequent fault diagnosis, repair, and maintenance, and shortens power outage time, thereby improving the reliability and economy of power grid operation.

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another partial discharge monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In some optional embodiments of the present invention, such as... Figure 2As shown, the optical transmission module 10111 includes a narrow linewidth laser source 201 and a first coupler 202; the optical path module 1012 includes an optical amplifier 203, a circulator 204, and a second coupler 205; the narrow linewidth laser source 201 is connected to the first coupler 202 via optical fiber, the first coupler 202 is connected to the optical amplifier 203 and the second coupler 204 via optical fiber, the optical amplifier 203 is connected to the first end of the circulator 204 via optical fiber, the second end of the circulator 204 is connected to the three-phase common-box GIL surface via optical fiber, and the third end of the circulator 204 is connected to the second coupler 205 via optical fiber. Coupler 205 is connected, and the second coupler 205 is connected to the optical receiving module 10112 via optical fiber. Narrow linewidth laser source 201 is used to emit continuous light; first coupler 202 is used to split the continuous light into two paths, one path is modulated into pulse light, and the other path is used as reference light; optical amplifier 203 is used to amplify the pulse light; circulator 204 is used to send the amplified pulse light to sensing optical fiber 102 and to transmit the backscattered light signal to the second coupler 205; the second coupler 205 is used to couple the reference light and the backscattered light signal and then transmit them to the optical receiving module 10112.

[0046] The optical transmission module 10111 includes a narrow-linewidth laser source 201 and a first coupler 202. The narrow-linewidth laser source emits continuous, single-frequency laser light with an extremely narrow linewidth. The narrow linewidth ensures a long coherence length, which is fundamental for detecting phase changes in backscattered light. The first coupler 202 can be a 99:1 coupler, which can split the continuous light emitted by the narrow-linewidth laser source into a probe light with 99% power and a reference light with 1% power. The optical path module 1012 includes an optical amplifier 203, a circulator 204, and a second coupler 205. The second coupler 205 can be a 2×2 coupler, which can cause interference between the backscattered signal from the circulator 204 and the 1% reference light within it. A narrower pulse width emitted by the optical transmission module 10111 results in higher positioning accuracy and spatial resolution, but a narrower pulse width also leads to a decrease in power, thereby reducing the spatial dynamic range and sensitivity. Therefore, a time-division multiplexing (TDM) method for retrieval optical pulse width is adopted. By controlling the periodic variation of the optical pulse width in real time, it provides multiple pulse widths ranging from narrow to wide, thereby ensuring that all performance indicators are improved. The TDM method refers to preventing the system from always operating with the same pulse width, but rather allowing it to alternate between different pulse width modes in a time sequence, thus balancing the system's high spatial resolution and high detection sensitivity.

[0047] Specifically, the continuous light emitted by the narrow-linewidth light source 201 is split into two beams by the first coupler 202: one beam is modulated into pulsed light and frequency-shifted by a time-division multiplexing method for searching the optical pulse width. After being amplified by the optical amplifier 203, the pulsed light is injected into the sensing fiber 102 through the circulator 204. The backscattered Rayleigh light generated in the sensing fiber 102 then enters the second coupler 205 through the circulator 204. The other beam serves as a reference beam and directly enters the second coupler 205. The two beams are then coupled and received and processed by the optical receiving module 10112.

[0048] In some alternative embodiments of the present invention, reference continues to be made. Figure 2 The optical receiving module 10112 includes a photoelectric conversion unit 206, a first amplifier circuit 207, a differentiating circuit 208, a second amplifier circuit 209, and an analog-to-digital conversion unit 210. The photoelectric conversion unit 206 is connected to a second coupler 205 via an optical fiber. The photoelectric conversion unit 206, the first amplifier circuit 207, the differentiating circuit 208, and the second amplifier circuit 209 are electrically connected in sequence. The first amplifier circuit 207 is also electrically connected to the analog-to-digital conversion unit 210, and the second amplifier circuit 209 is also electrically connected to the analog-to-digital conversion unit 210. The photoelectric conversion unit 206 is used to receive backscattered light signals and convert them into electrical signals. The first amplifier circuit 207 is used to amplify the electrical signals. The differentiating circuit 208 is used to convert fluctuations caused by partial discharge into pulse signals. The second amplifier circuit 209 is used to amplify the pulse signals from the differentiating circuit 208. The analog-to-digital conversion unit 210 is used to convert the amplified electrical signals and pulse signals into digital signals.

[0049] The photoelectric conversion unit 206 can be a photodetector. It receives the mixed optical signal from the second coupler 205, specifically the backscattered light carrying vibration information after interference with the reference light. Utilizing the photoelectric effect, it linearly converts the changes in the received optical power into changes in the current signal, outputting a weak electrical signal containing vibration information. The first amplifier circuit 207 receives the weak electrical signal from the photoelectric conversion unit 206 and performs preliminary amplification and filtering for easy viewing on an oscilloscope and analog-to-digital conversion. The amplified electrical signal is split into two paths: one directly to the analog-to-digital conversion unit 210, and the other to the differentiating circuit 208 for further processing. The differentiating circuit 208 receives the amplified electrical signal from the first amplifier circuit 207, converts the fluctuations caused by partial discharge into pulse signals, amplifies them by the second amplifier circuit 209, converts them by the analog-to-digital conversion unit 210, and then acquires them via the FPGA signal processing module 10113.

[0050] In some optional embodiments of the present invention, the first amplification circuit includes a first-stage amplifier and a gain-controllable amplifier; the first-stage amplifier is electrically connected to the photoelectric conversion unit and the gain-controllable amplifier respectively, and the gain-controllable amplifier is also electrically connected to the differentiating circuit and the analog-to-digital conversion unit respectively; the first-stage amplifier is used to amplify the electrical signal converted by the photoelectric conversion unit; the gain-controllable amplifier is used to adjust the signal gain to compensate for the backscattered light intensity fluctuation caused by vibration.

[0051] The first-stage amplifier receives the weak electrical signal from the photoelectric conversion unit and performs preliminary low-noise amplification on it. The variable gain amplifier receives the output signal from the first-stage amplifier, outputs a gain-adjusted electrical signal, and then sends it to the analog-to-digital conversion unit.

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another partial discharge monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In some optional embodiments of the present invention, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the FPGA signal processing module 101113 includes a light source control unit 301, a vibration feature extraction unit 302, a pulse counter 303, a data encoding and framing unit 304, and a synchronization signal generation unit 305. The light source control unit 301 is electrically connected to the light transmission module 10111, the synchronization signal generation unit 305, and the pulse counter 303, respectively. The vibration feature extraction unit 302 is electrically connected to the light receiving module 10112, the synchronization signal generation unit 305, and the data encoding and framing unit 304, respectively. The data encoding and framing unit 304 is also connected to the host computer module 103. The communication connection includes a synchronization signal generation unit 305 for generating a light source trigger signal; a pulse counter 303 for receiving the trigger signal and outputting a count to the light source control unit; a light source control unit 301 for receiving the light source trigger signal and the pulse count, and outputting a control signal to the light transmission module 10111; a vibration feature extraction unit 302 for extracting vibration data from the electrical signal transmitted by the light receiving module 10112; and a data encoding and framing unit 304 for receiving vibration data and the pulse count, generating a frame header corresponding to the pulse width, attaching vibration data to form encoded data, and transmitting it to the host computer module 103.

[0053] The synchronization signal generation unit 305 can generate a light source trigger signal, such as a periodic clock signal. The frequency of the light source trigger signal determines the repetition frequency of the emitted light pulses. The pulse counter 303 can receive the trigger signal from the synchronization signal generation unit 305 and count the trigger signal to record the total number of light pulses emitted by the system. Simultaneously, this count value is output in real time to the light source control unit 301 and the data encoding and framing unit 304. The light source control unit 301 can receive the trigger signal from the synchronization signal generation unit 305 and the count value from the pulse counter 202. Based on the received trigger signal, it generates a control signal to directly drive the light transmitting module 10111 to transmit light pulses. The vibration feature extraction unit 302 can receive the digital signal from the light receiving module 10112 and perform real-time digital signal processing on the digital signal. For example, it can perform filtering, averaging, demodulation, and other processing methods. Finally, the processed vibration data is output to the data encoding and framing unit 304. The data encoding and framing unit 304 can receive vibration data from the vibration feature extraction unit 302 and the current pulse count value from the pulse counter 303. Based on the current pulse count value, it generates a frame header for a data packet. This frame header contains the pulse sequence number corresponding to the data packet, and the vibration data is appended as the data body to the frame header. The frame header and data body are packaged into a data frame conforming to the communication protocol, and the data frame is transmitted to the host computer module 103 through the communication interface.

[0054] Specifically, the synchronization signal generation unit 305 generates a light source trigger signal with a period of T and outputs it to the pulse counter 303, the vibration feature extraction unit 302, and the light source control unit 201. The pulse counter 303 counts from 1 to n, and increments the count by 1 when it receives the light source trigger signal. The pulse counter 303 outputs the count to the light source control unit 301 and the data encoding and framing unit 304. The light source control unit 301 receives the light source trigger signal and the pulse count, and outputs a control signal to the light transmission module 10111, causing it to generate light pulses with a period of T and a width of H, where the pulse width H satisfies H = i × h, and h is the minimum pulse width, i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n. The optical transmitting module 10111 outputs periodically varying optical pulses to the optical path module 1012. The optical path module 1012 returns an optical signal carrying vibration information to the optical receiving module 10112. The optical receiving module 10112 converts the optical signal into an analog electrical signal, and then converts the analog electrical signal into a digital electrical signal F(t) and transmits it to the vibration feature extraction unit 302 for processing. After receiving the light source trigger signal, the vibration feature extraction unit 302 begins processing the transmitted digital electrical signal F(t), extracting useful data containing the vibration signal, and transmitting it to the data encoding and transmission unit 304. When the data encoding and framing unit 304 receives vibration data, it encodes the vibration data according to the count of the pulse counter 303. Each time the data encoding and framing unit 304 receives a pulse count from the pulse counter 303, it generates a frame header corresponding to the pulse width. The vibration data generated under that pulse width is followed by the frame header as encoded data, and then the encoded data is transmitted to the host computer module 103.

[0055] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration feature extraction unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In some optional embodiments of the present invention, such as... Figure 4As shown, the vibration feature extraction unit 302 includes a fast-in / fast-out circuit 401, a threshold comparison circuit 402, a timing control circuit 403, a PI control circuit 404, and a digital-to-analog converter circuit 405. The fast-in / fast-out circuit 401 is electrically connected to the optical receiving module 10112 and the threshold comparison circuit 402, respectively. The threshold comparison circuit 402 is also electrically connected to the PI control circuit 404 and the timing control circuit 403, respectively. The PI control circuit 403 is also electrically connected to the digital-to-analog converter circuit 405, which is also electrically connected to the optical receiving module 10112. The fast-in / fast-out circuit... Circuit 401 is used to store the digital signal output by the optical receiving module and introduces a fixed time delay; timing control circuit 403 is used to control the emission period of the optical pulse; threshold comparison circuit 402 is used to compare the delay signal read by fast-in-fast-out circuit 401 with a preset threshold and output a control signal to PI control circuit 404; PI control circuit is used to adjust the output voltage according to the control signal of threshold comparison circuit 402 and based on PI control algorithm; digital-to-analog converter circuit 405 is used to convert the output voltage of PI control circuit into an analog voltage signal and output it to gain controllable amplifier.

[0056] The First-In-First-Out (FIFO) circuit 401 operates in a first-in-first-out (FIFO) manner, storing the input digital signal sequence and outputting it as is after a fixed time delay. It can receive digital signals from the optical receiver module 10112. The threshold comparison circuit 402 receives the delayed digital signal from the FIFO circuit 401 and compares its amplitude with one or more preset digital thresholds. Based on the comparison result, it outputs a digital control signal to the PI control circuit 404. The PI control circuit 404 receives the control signal from the threshold comparison circuit 402 and outputs an adjusted digital voltage value according to the PI control algorithm. The digital-to-analog converter circuit 405 receives the digital voltage value from the PI control circuit 404, converts the digital value into a corresponding analog voltage, and outputs the converted analog voltage signal to the gain-controllable amplifier in the optical receiver module 10112 as its gain control voltage. The timing control circuit 403 generates timing signals to control the entire system. For example, the timing control circuit 403 can control the emission period of the light pulse and the read / write timing of the fast-in / fast-out circuit 401.

[0057] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another partial discharge monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In some optional embodiments of the present invention, such as... Figure 5As shown, the host computer module 103 includes: a display layer 1031, a control layer 1032, a service layer 1033, and a database 1034; the display layer 1031 is used for visualizing vibration monitoring, parameter setting, partial discharge early warning, and partial discharge detection; the control layer 1032 is used to respond to user operations and realize the interaction between the display layer 1031 and the service layer 1033; the service layer 1033 is used to realize signal denoising, fault mode identification, and location; the database 1034 stores system parameters, algorithm settings, and historical data.

[0058] The host computer module 103 can collect and process vibration data from the system terminal 101, detect and locate vibration signals based on the vibration data, and store the data in the database in real time. The display layer 1031 can visualize the vibration dynamic monitoring, fiber optic parameter settings, partial discharge early warning, and typical partial discharge detection. The control layer 1032 can realize user operation response and interaction between the display layer 1031 and the service layer 1033. The main functions of the host computer module 103 are implemented in the service layer 1033, including three-phase common-enclosure GIL strain monitoring, distance-light intensity signal denoising, fault mode identification, and fault location. If a fault is detected, the service layer 1033 will issue fault or early warning information to the display layer 1031 through the control layer 1032. The database 1034 can store various types of data.

[0059] In some optional embodiments of the present invention, the database includes: a system settings table, a Raman scattering raw data table, a vibration spatial distribution table, a partial discharge spatial distribution table, a vibration history alarm information table, and a partial discharge history alarm information table.

[0060] The database uses MySQL and primarily stores software settings, algorithm parameter settings, time records, and abnormal data records. Data forms include a fiber optic vibration measurement table. The system settings table stores the configuration parameters and operational settings of the entire system. The raw Raman scattering data table stores raw, unprocessed Raman scattering light signal data. The vibration spatial distribution table stores vibration information that has undergone preliminary processing by the FPGA signal processing module. The partial discharge spatial distribution table stores partial discharge event information confirmed after processing by the upper-level computer module. The vibration history alarm information table stores historical records of alarm events triggered by vibration exceeding limits. The partial discharge history alarm information table stores historical records of all alarm events triggered by partial discharge events.

[0061] Working principle of this invention embodiment: (Refer to) Figure 2 , 34. The continuous light emitted by the narrow-linewidth light source 201 is split into two beams by the first coupler 202: one beam is modulated into pulsed light and frequency shifted by a time-division multiplexing method of optical pulse width. After being amplified by the optical amplifier 203, the pulsed light is injected into the sensing fiber 102 through the circulator 204. The backscattered Rayleigh light generated in the sensing fiber 102 then enters the second coupler 205 through the circulator 204. The other beam serves as a reference beam and directly enters the second coupler 205. The two beams are then coupled and received and processed by the optical receiving module 10112. The photoelectric conversion unit 206 receives the mixed optical signal from the second coupler 205 and converts it into an electrical signal. Since this signal is very weak, it needs to be amplified and filtered by the first amplifier circuit 207 for easy viewing on an oscilloscope and analog-to-digital conversion. Then, it is processed by the differentiating circuit 208 to convert the fluctuations caused by partial discharge into a pulse signal, which is then amplified by the second amplifier circuit 209. After conversion by the analog-to-digital conversion unit 210, it is acquired by the FPGA signal processing module 10113. The synchronization signal generation unit 305 generates a light source trigger signal with a period of T and outputs it to the pulse counter 303, the vibration feature extraction unit 302, and the light source control unit 201. The pulse counter 303 counts from 1 to n, incrementing the count by 1 upon receiving the light source trigger signal. The pulse counter 303 outputs this count to the light source control unit 301 and the data encoding and framing unit 304. The light source control unit 301 receives the light source trigger signal and pulse count, and outputs a control signal to the light transmitting module 10111, causing it to generate light pulses with a period of T and a width of H, where the pulse width H satisfies H = i × h, and h is the minimum pulse width, i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n. The light transmitting module 10111 outputs periodically varying light pulses to the optical path module 1012, which returns a light signal carrying vibration information to the light receiving module 10112. The light receiving module 10112 converts the light signal into an analog electrical signal, and then converts the analog electrical signal into a digital electrical signal F(t) and transmits it to the vibration feature extraction unit 302 for processing. After receiving the light source trigger signal, the vibration feature extraction unit 302 begins processing the transmitted digital electrical signal F(t), extracting useful data containing the vibration signal, and transmitting it to the data encoding and transmission unit 304. When the data encoding and framing unit 304 receives vibration data, it encodes the vibration data according to the count of the pulse counter 303. Each time it receives a pulse count from the pulse counter 303, the data encoding and framing unit 304 generates a frame header corresponding to the pulse width. The vibration data generated within that pulse width is appended to the frame header as encoded data, and then the encoded data is transmitted to the host computer module 103. To improve the sensing distance, an adaptive gain equalization joint adjustment method is used to improve the optical receiving module 10112.The first amplification circuit includes a first-stage amplifier and a gain-controllable amplifier; the vibration feature extraction unit 302 includes a fast-in-fast-out circuit 401, a threshold comparison circuit 402, a timing control circuit 403, a PI control circuit 404, and a digital-to-analog conversion circuit 405; the photoelectric conversion unit 206 converts the backscattered light signal into an electrical signal, and obtains a first-stage electrical signal F(t) through the first-stage amplifier. The first-stage electrical signal is then transmitted to the gain-controllable amplifier. The gain of the gain-controllable amplifier is controlled by the voltage V(t) output by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit 405. The gain-adjusted electrical signal Q(t) is output to the analog-to-digital conversion unit 210. At this time, the gain-adjusted electrical signal Q(t) satisfies Q(t)=F(t)×g×e. l·V(t) Where g is the base gain of the gain-controllable amplifier, and l is the gain scaling factor of the gain-controllable amplifier.

[0062] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 210 acquires the analog electrical signal Q(t) and converts it into a digital electrical signal. Since the analog-to-digital conversion of the ADC 210, the digital-to-analog conversion of the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 405, and the signal transmission within the module all require time, directly using the current electrical signal as the calibration standard would cause a delay at the output of the DAC 405, resulting in signal drift. Therefore, the ADC 210 first stores the signal in the fast-forward / fast-outward circuit 401. Simultaneously, the timing control circuit 403 sends a signal after a delay of Δt, controlling the threshold comparison circuit 403 to extract the signal from the fast-forward / fast-outward circuit 401. This signal is the one stored by the ADC 210 in the fast-forward / fast-outward circuit 401 during the previous pulse cycle. This signal is denoted as P(t), where P(t) = Q(tT - Δt), and T is the period of the inspection light pulse emitted by the timing control circuit 403.

[0063] The threshold comparison circuit 402 is equipped with a first threshold T. h Second threshold T l First threshold T h It can be a high threshold, a second threshold T l The threshold can be low. The signal P(t) extracted from the fast-in / fast-out circuit 401 by the control threshold comparison circuit 403 is compared with the first threshold T. h Second threshold T l The comparison is performed, and the comparison result is output to the PI control circuit 404. Based on the comparison result, the PI control circuit 404 controls the output voltage V(t) of the digital-to-analog converter circuit 405. The control method is as follows:

[0064] When T l <P(t)≤T h At this time, V(t) remains the same as the value in the previous pulse cycle, that is: V(t) = V(tT);

[0065] When P(t) ≤ T l then V(t) = V(t - T) + K P × (P(t - T) - P(t)) + K I × (T l - P(t)), where K P is the proportional coefficient of the PI control circuit 404, and K I is the integral coefficient of the PI control circuit 404;

[0066] When T h < P(t), then V(t) = V(t - T) + K P × (P(t - T) - P(t)) + K I × (Th - P(t)).

[0067] The digital - to - analog conversion circuit 405 transmits the continuously changing output voltage V(t) to the gain - controllable amplifier, and controls its gain in real time to achieve signal gain equalization.

[0068] Figure 6 is a flowchart of a partial discharge monitoring method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. By using the partial discharge monitoring system described in any embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 6 , the partial discharge monitoring method includes:

[0069] S501. The system terminal 101 emits periodic optical pulses, which propagate in the sensing optical fiber 102 and generate backward - scattered optical signals;

[0070] Among them, the optical transmission module 10111 inside the system terminal 101 can emit periodic optical pulses. The optical pulses are injected into the sensing optical fiber 102 through the optical path module 1012. The optical pulses propagate in the optical fiber. Due to the inhomogeneity of the optical fiber material itself, backward - scattered optical signals are generated, and the backward - scattered optical signals are transmitted back to the system terminal 101 through the optical path module 1012.

[0071] S502. The system terminal 101 receives the backward - scattered optical signals, performs photoelectric conversion and signal processing on the backward - scattered optical signals, and extracts vibration data;

[0072] Among them, the optical receiving module 10112 of the system terminal 101 receives the backward - scattered optical signals and converts them into electrical signals. The FPGA signal - processing module 10113 receives the electrical signals from the optical receiving module 10112, performs signal processing on the electrical signals, and extracts vibration data from the complex backward - scattered signals.

[0073] S503. The host computer module 103 receives the vibration data, identifies the partial discharge position according to the vibration data, and gives an early warning.

[0074] The host computer module 103 can receive vibration data from the FPGA signal processing module 10113 and can adjust the parameters of the signal processing subsystem 1011. Based on the vibration data, it can detect and locate the vibration signal and store the data in the database in real time.

[0075] In some optional embodiments of the present invention, the system terminal receives the backscattered light signal, performs photoelectric conversion and signal processing on the backscattered light signal, and extracts vibration data, including:

[0076] The optical receiving module receives the backscattered light signal and converts it into an electrical signal, which is then input into the FPGA signal processing module.

[0077] The FPGA signal processing module extracts the vibration data of the electrical signal and transmits it to the host computer module.

[0078] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0079] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A partial discharge monitoring system, characterized in that, include: System terminal, sensor fiber optic and host computer module; One end of the sensing fiber is laid on the surface of the three-phase common-enclosure GIL shell, and the other end of the sensing fiber is connected to the system terminal. The sensing fiber is used to propagate optical pulses and generate backscattered light signals. The system terminal is used to emit periodic light pulses, receive the backscattered light signal, perform photoelectric conversion and signal processing on the backscattered light signal, and extract vibration data. The system terminal includes a signal processing subsystem and an optical path module. The signal processing subsystem includes an optical transmitting module, an optical receiving module, and an FPGA signal processing module, forming a closed-loop structure with the optical path module. The optical transmitting module emits periodic light pulses. The optical receiving module receives the backscattered light signal returned from the sensing fiber and converts it into an electrical signal, which is then input to the FPGA signal processing module. The optical path module is used to transmit the optical pulse to the sensing optical fiber and to transmit the backscattered light signal to the optical receiving module; the FPGA signal processing module is used to control the optical transmitting module to emit periodic optical pulses and to extract the vibration data of the electrical signal and transmit it to the host computer module. The host computer module is connected to the system terminal for communication. The host computer module is used to receive the vibration data, identify the location of partial discharge based on the vibration data, and issue an early warning.

2. The partial discharge monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical transmitting module includes a narrow-linewidth laser source and a first coupler; the optical path module includes an optical amplifier, a circulator, and a second coupler; the narrow-linewidth laser source is connected to the first coupler via an optical fiber, the first coupler is connected to the optical amplifier and the second coupler via optical fibers, the optical amplifier is connected to the first end of the circulator via an optical fiber, the second end of the circulator is connected to the three-phase common-box GIL surface via an optical fiber, the third end of the circulator is connected to the second coupler via an optical fiber, and the second coupler is connected to the optical receiving module via an optical fiber; the narrow-linewidth laser source is used to emit continuous light; the first coupler is used to split the continuous light into two paths, one path modulated into pulsed light, and the other path used as a reference light; the optical amplifier is used to amplify the pulsed light; the circulator is used to transmit the amplified pulsed light to the sensing optical fiber and to transmit the backscattered light signal to the second coupler; the second coupler is used to couple the reference light and the backscattered light signal and then transmit them to the optical receiving module.

3. The partial discharge monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical receiving module includes a photoelectric conversion unit, a first amplification circuit, a differentiating circuit, a second amplification circuit, and an analog-to-digital conversion unit. The photoelectric conversion unit is connected to a second coupler via an optical fiber. The photoelectric conversion unit, the first amplification circuit, the differentiating circuit, and the second amplification circuit are sequentially electrically connected. The first amplification circuit is also electrically connected to the analog-to-digital conversion unit, and the second amplification circuit is also electrically connected to the analog-to-digital conversion unit. The photoelectric conversion unit is used to receive backscattered light signals and convert them into electrical signals. The first amplification circuit is used to amplify the electrical signals. The differentiating circuit is used to convert fluctuations caused by partial discharge into pulse signals. The second amplification circuit is used to amplify the pulse signals from the differentiating circuit. The analog-to-digital converter is used to convert amplified electrical signals and pulse signals into digital signals.

4. The partial discharge monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first amplification circuit includes a first-stage amplifier and a gain-controllable amplifier; the first-stage amplifier is electrically connected to the photoelectric conversion unit and the gain-controllable amplifier respectively, and the gain-controllable amplifier is also electrically connected to the differentiating circuit and the analog-to-digital conversion unit respectively; the first-stage amplifier is used to amplify the electrical signal converted by the photoelectric conversion unit; the gain-controllable amplifier is used to adjust the signal gain to compensate for the backscattered light intensity fluctuation caused by vibration.

5. The partial discharge monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The FPGA signal processing module includes a light source control unit, a vibration feature extraction unit, a pulse counter, a data encoding and framing unit, and a synchronization signal generation unit. The light source control unit is electrically connected to the light transmission module, the synchronization signal generation unit, and the pulse counter. The vibration feature extraction unit is electrically connected to the light receiving module, the synchronization signal generation unit, and the data encoding and framing unit. The data encoding and framing unit is also communicatively connected to the host computer module. The synchronization signal generation unit generates a light source trigger signal. The pulse counter receives the trigger signal and outputs a count to the light source control unit. The light source control unit receives the light source trigger signal and the pulse count, and outputs a control signal to the light transmission module. The vibration feature extraction unit extracts vibration data from the electrical signal transmitted by the light receiving module. The data encoding and framing unit receives the vibration data and the pulse count, generates a frame header corresponding to the pulse width, appends the vibration data to form encoded data, and transmits it to the host computer module.

6. The partial discharge monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vibration feature extraction unit includes a fast-in / fast-out circuit, a threshold comparison circuit, a timing control circuit, a PI control circuit, and a digital-to-analog converter circuit. The fast-in / fast-out circuit is electrically connected to the optical receiving module and the threshold comparison circuit, respectively. The threshold comparison circuit is also electrically connected to the PI control circuit and the timing control circuit, respectively. The PI control circuit is also electrically connected to the digital-to-analog converter circuit, which is also electrically connected to the optical receiving module. The fast-in / fast-out circuit stores the digital signal output by the optical receiving module and introduces a fixed time delay. The timing control circuit controls the emission period of the optical pulse. The threshold comparison circuit compares the delayed signal read by the fast-in / fast-out circuit with a preset threshold and outputs a control signal to the PI control circuit. The PI control circuit adjusts the output voltage based on the control signal from the threshold comparison circuit and a PI control algorithm. The digital-to-analog converter circuit converts the output voltage of the PI control circuit into an analog voltage signal and outputs it to a gain-controllable amplifier.

7. The partial discharge monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The host computer module includes: a display layer, a control layer, a business layer, and a database; The display layer is used to visualize vibration monitoring, parameter setting, partial discharge early warning, and partial discharge detection. The control layer is used to respond to user operations and realize the interaction between the display layer and the business layer; The service layer is used to implement signal denoising, fault mode identification, and location. The database stores system parameters, algorithm settings, and historical data.

8. The partial discharge monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The database includes: system settings table, Raman scattering raw data table, vibration spatial distribution table, partial discharge spatial distribution table, vibration history alarm information table, and partial discharge history alarm information table.

9. A method for monitoring partial discharge, characterized in that, The partial discharge monitoring system described in claims 1-8, wherein the partial discharge monitoring method comprises: The system terminal emits periodic light pulses, which propagate in the sensing optical fiber and generate backscattered light signals. The system terminal receives the backscattered light signal, performs photoelectric conversion and signal processing on the backscattered light signal, and extracts vibration data; The host computer module receives the vibration data, identifies the location of partial discharge based on the vibration data, and issues an early warning.

10. The partial discharge monitoring method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The system terminal receives the backscattered light signal, performs photoelectric conversion and signal processing on the backscattered light signal, and extracts vibration data, including: The optical receiving module receives the backscattered light signal and converts it into an electrical signal, which is then input into the FPGA signal processing module. The FPGA signal processing module extracts the vibration data of the electrical signal and transmits it to the host computer module.

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