Jiaodong altered rock type gold mine deep prospecting mark system construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a Jiaodong altered rock type gold mine deep prospecting marking system construction method, and relates to the technical field of prospecting, and the method comprises the following steps: collecting a rock sample of a mining area; the method for determining the basic characteristics of the granite crushed zone altered rock type gold ore through the collected rock sample comprises the following steps: determining the ore body form, scale and ore control structure; determining a surrounding rock alteration type; determining ore minerals and ore structures and constructions; determining the occurrence form of gold; determining geochemical characteristics; determining mineralization conditions and mineralization effects of the mining area; and determining the prospecting mark of the gold ore according to the characteristics of the granite crushed zone altered rock type gold ore. According to the prospecting mark construction method, a set of reliable mark basis is provided for gold mine exploration and prediction, and the prospecting efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mineral exploration technology, and in particular to a method for constructing a deep mineral exploration marker system for altered rock-type gold deposits in Jiaodong. Background Technology

[0002] Gold deposits of altered rock type in granite fracture zones in my country (including gold deposits occurring in mixed rocks, mixed granites, and altered rocks in granite fracture zones) are mainly distributed in the Jiaodong region.

[0003] The Zhaoye gold belt in Shandong Province is located east of the Yishu Fault, extending from Sanshandao in the west to Linglong Jiuqu in the east, trending EW, with a length of approximately 60 km and a width of 15-52 km. Three major faults trending NE—Zhaoping, Jiaojia, and Sanshandao—are developed within the area, controlling the distribution of different types of gold deposits. Within this narrow metallogenic belt, there are 50 gold deposits of varying sizes and hundreds of mineral occurrences. The main gold deposit types are altered rock type (Jiaojia type), quartz vein type (Linglong type), and transitional type. The altered rock type gold deposits are mainly found in Jiaojia, Xincheng, Sanshandao, Luofeng, Hedong, and Taishang.

[0004] There is no unified standard for deep prospecting indicators in related technologies for altered rock-type gold deposits in Jiaodong. Based on this, this application proposes a method for constructing a deep prospecting indicator system for altered rock-type gold deposits in Jiaodong. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for constructing a deep prospecting indicator system for gold deposits in altered rock types in Jiaodong. It provides a reliable indicator basis for gold deposit exploration and prediction, improving the efficiency of prospecting.

[0006] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a method for constructing a deep prospecting indicator system for altered rock-type gold deposits in Jiaodong is provided, the method comprising: (1) Collect rock samples from the mining area; (2) The basic characteristics of altered rock-type gold deposits in granite fracture zones were determined by collecting rock samples, including: determining the ore body morphology, scale, and ore-controlling structures; Determine the type of alteration of the surrounding rock; To determine the mineral composition, structure, and texture of the ore; Determine the occurrence form of gold; Determine geochemical characteristics; (3) Determine the metallogenic conditions and metallogenic processes in the mining area; (4) Determine the prospecting indicators for gold deposits based on the characteristics of altered rock type gold deposits in granite fracture zones.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the ore body morphology includes layered, vein-like, lenticular, and pod-like; the deposit size includes extra-large, large, medium, and small; and the ore-controlling structures include tectonic fracture zones or shear zones.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the alteration types of the surrounding rock include silicification, pyritization, sericitization, potassic alteration, and carbonatization, and these alteration types are closely related to gold mineralization.

[0009] In one possible implementation, altered rocks often exhibit symmetrical zoning along the center of the fracture zone towards both sides. The alteration intensity is constrained by the degree of fracturing, with the strongest fracturing and alteration occurring at the center of the fracture zone and gradually weakening towards both sides.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the ore mineral composition of the altered rock type gold deposit in the granite fracture zone is relatively complex. The main metallic minerals include pyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, sphalerite, native gold, native silver, gold-silver ore, chalcopyrite, argentite, bismuthite, hematite, ferrometallurgite, siderite, and native bismuth. The gangue minerals include quartz, feldspar, sericite, calcite, chlorite, biotite, fluorite, and barite. The structures of ores include: euhedral to subhedral, anhedral, colloidal, metasomatic, and crushed structures; Ore structures include: massive structure, vein structure, brecciated structure, disseminated structure, banded structure, comb-like structure, and mottled structure.

[0011] In one possible implementation, gold in altered rock-type gold-silver deposits in granite fracture zones is hosted in native gold, gold-silver minerals such as galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and quartz, or in mineral interstices, and exists as interstitial gold, intergranular gold, or gold inclusions.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the alteration and mylonitization of the gold deposit gradually intensify from the surrounding rock to the ore body center. The giant altered rocks and tectonic rocks exhibit zoning patterns. In different zones, the rock-forming elements and trace elements show variation patterns. From the surrounding rock to the ore body, with the intensification of alteration and mylonitization, the contents of rock-forming elements Si, K, Na, and Ca all increase, with Si content increasing significantly, while Fe, Al, Mg, Ti, and Mn show little change. The contents of trace elements Au, Ag, As, Cu, Sb, Bi, and Pb gradually increase, reaching a significant increase and the greatest variation at the ore body center, with content variations within an order of magnitude. During the formation of tectonic rocks and the alteration of surrounding rocks, ore-forming elements migrate and accumulate.

[0013] In one possible scenario, the formation of gold deposits involves a combination of regional metamorphism, migmatization, granitization, faulting, and tectonic-magmatic activity.

[0014] In one possible implementation, prospecting indicators for gold deposits are determined based on the characteristics of altered rock-type gold deposits in granite fracture zones, including: Oxidized outcrops of the ore body: Various breccia, fractured rocks and mylonitized rocks are present in the fault zone, which are the main host rocks; the metal sulfides associated with gold mineralization form iron caps in the oxidation zone, composed of limonite, styrite, pyrite and ferrovanadium, which are characteristics of gold mineralization. Structural fracture alteration zone: characterized by multi-directional and multi-property tensile-shear brittle fractures in brittle-ductile shear zones; the main ore-controlling space is the tension-shear brittle fracture zone, which is a direct indicator for finding fractured rock-type mineralization zones; Color changes of the surrounding rock: After oxidation and fading alteration, the structurally fractured alteration zone forms a clear color difference between the surface and the surrounding rock, which is a direct indicator for finding mineral-bearing structural alteration zones; Alteration of surrounding rocks near the ore deposit: Altering of surrounding rocks can serve as an indicator for mineral exploration: silicification, sericitization, and pyritization are closely related to gold mineralization. When gold minerals migrate along the fracture path in hydrothermal fluids containing metallic sulfides, hydrothermal alteration transforms the rocks in and around the fracture zone, forming altered rocks. Among these, metal mineralization is particularly important. They have a co-originating and co-existing relationship with gold minerals. Therefore, areas with intense alteration of surrounding rocks are the most direct indicators for mineral exploration. Ore-bearing tectonic fracture and alteration zones are often characterized by linear negative topography and triangular fault surfaces, which are clear indicators for finding tectonic structures.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This disclosure discloses a method for constructing a deep prospecting indicator system for altered rock-type gold deposits in Jiaodong. The method includes: collecting rock samples from the mining area; determining the basic characteristics of the altered rock-type gold deposit in the granite fracture zone based on the collected rock samples, including: determining the ore body morphology, scale, and ore-controlling structures; determining the type of wall rock alteration; determining the ore minerals and ore structure; determining the occurrence form of gold; determining geochemical characteristics; determining the metallogenic conditions and mineralization processes in the mining area; and determining prospecting indicators for the gold deposit based on the characteristics of the altered rock-type gold deposit in the granite fracture zone. This prospecting indicator construction method provides a reliable set of indicator bases for gold exploration and prediction, improving the efficiency of prospecting. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 The flowchart illustrates a method for constructing a deep prospecting marker system for altered rock-type gold deposits in Jiaodong, according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements that have the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0018] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments.

[0019] Furthermore, to better illustrate this disclosure, numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description. Those skilled in the art will understand that this disclosure can be practiced without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order to highlight the main points of this disclosure.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for constructing a deep prospecting indicator system for altered rock-type gold deposits in Jiaodong is provided. The method includes: (1) Collect rock samples from the mining area; (2) The basic characteristics of altered rock-type gold deposits in granite fracture zones were determined by collecting rock samples, including: determining the ore body morphology, scale, and ore-controlling structures; Determine the type of alteration of the surrounding rock; To determine the mineral composition, structure, and texture of the ore; Determine the occurrence form of gold; Determine geochemical characteristics; (3) Determine the metallogenic conditions and metallogenic processes in the mining area; (4) Determine the prospecting indicators for gold deposits based on the characteristics of altered rock type gold deposits in granite fracture zones.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the ore body morphology includes layered, vein-like, lenticular, and pod-like; the deposit size includes extra-large, large, medium, and small; and the ore-controlling structures include tectonic fracture zones or shear zones.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the alteration types of the surrounding rock include silicification, pyritization, sericitization, potassic alteration, and carbonatization, and these alteration types are closely related to gold mineralization.

[0023] Within the tectonic fracture zone, breccia, altered marble, tectonic breccia, skarn, and siliceous rocks serve as the ore-bearing rocks for the ore bodies in the area. Tectonic control over ore deposits is evident, and the ore is irregularly distributed. The edges of the fracture zone exhibit strong alteration due to hydrothermal activity. Alternation types in the surrounding rocks include silicification, sericitization, and pyritization. The degree of alteration development varies spatially, thus exhibiting certain zoning characteristics. The lithology, from the inside out, shows silicification, sericitization, and chloritization.

[0024] In one possible implementation, altered rocks often exhibit symmetrical zoning along the center of the fracture zone towards both sides. The alteration intensity is constrained by the degree of fracturing, with the strongest fracturing and alteration occurring at the center of the fracture zone and gradually weakening towards both sides.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the ore mineral composition of the altered rock type gold deposit in the granite fracture zone is relatively complex. The main metallic minerals include pyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, sphalerite, native gold, native silver, gold-silver ore, chalcopyrite, argentite, bismuthite, hematite, ferrometallurgite, siderite, and native bismuth. The gangue minerals include quartz, feldspar, sericite, calcite, chlorite, biotite, fluorite, and barite. The structures of ores include: euhedral to subhedral, anhedral, colloidal, metasomatic, and crushed structures; Semi-euhedral granular texture: This is the main structure of the ore, such as pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and galena.

[0026] It has a granular structure: sphalerite and pyrite.

[0027] Replacement structure: Limonite replaces pyrite to form a replacement structure. In some cases, the replacement is so thorough that the limonite completely replaces the pyrite, which then appears as pseudomorphs of pyrite.

[0028] Ore structures include: massive structure, vein structure, brecciated structure, disseminated structure, banded structure, comb-like structure, and mottled structure.

[0029] Sparsely disseminated structure: Pyrite and limonite are disseminated in the tectonic breccia.

[0030] Star-shaped structure: Pyrite and pyrrhotite are distributed in siliceous rocks in a star-shaped structure.

[0031] Massive structure: Magnetite is distributed in granite in a massive structure.

[0032] In one possible implementation, gold in altered rock-type gold-silver deposits in granite fracture zones is hosted in native gold, gold-silver minerals such as galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and quartz, or in mineral interstices, and exists as interstitial gold, intergranular gold, or gold inclusions.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the alteration and mylonitization of the gold deposit gradually intensify from the surrounding rock to the ore body center. The giant altered rocks and tectonic rocks exhibit zoning patterns. In different zones, the rock-forming elements and trace elements show variation patterns. From the surrounding rock to the ore body, with the intensification of alteration and mylonitization, the contents of rock-forming elements Si, K, Na, and Ca all increase, with Si content increasing significantly, while Fe, Al, Mg, Ti, and Mn show little change. The contents of trace elements Au, Ag, As, Cu, Sb, Bi, and Pb gradually increase, reaching a significant increase and the greatest variation at the ore body center, with content variations within an order of magnitude. During the formation of tectonic rocks and the alteration of surrounding rocks, ore-forming elements migrate and accumulate.

[0034] The ore body is located within a tectonic fracture zone and is closely related to the silicified and quartz veins within the zone. The quartz veins are the main ore-bearing rocks, indicating that the fracture structure has a direct effect on the enrichment and migration of gold ore, and is the most favorable location for gold enrichment and mineralization.

[0035] The area is characterized by well-developed magmatic activity dominated by intermediate-acidic magmatic activity. The silicification of the contact boundary between the tectonic fracture zone and the surrounding rock due to alteration is closely related to gold mineralization. The long-term and multi-phase magmatic activity in the area provided continuous thermodynamic conditions and fluids for gold mineralization, promoted the activation, migration, and enrichment of gold, and provided an important source of deep minerals for the formation of gold ore bodies.

[0036] Both gold and silver ore bodies are located within tectonic fracturing and alteration zones, with the formation of gold ore bodies closely related to these zones. Early shearing activity activated and transferred gold minerals from the surrounding rocks, providing a source of minerals. With tectonic evolution, crustal extension and thinning led to deep magmatic-hydrothermal activity extending to deep detachment shear zones, which are important channels for the migration of deep ore-forming hydrothermal fluids. Numerous brittle fractures formed within the shear zones and their hanging walls and footwalls. These brittle spaces were shielded by the surrounding mylonite, providing ample ore-bearing space in the area. Many NNE, SNE, and NE-trending brittle fracture systems also became important ore-bearing structures within and around the shear zones.

[0037] In one possible scenario, the formation of gold deposits involves a combination of regional metamorphism, migmatization, granitization, faulting, and tectonic-magmatic activity.

[0038] In one possible implementation, prospecting indicators for gold deposits are determined based on the characteristics of altered rock-type gold deposits in granite fracture zones, including: Oxidized outcrops of the ore body: Various breccia, fractured rocks and mylonitized rocks are present in the fault zone, which are the main host rocks; the metal sulfides associated with gold mineralization form iron caps in the oxidation zone, composed of limonite, styrite, pyrite and ferrovanadium, which are characteristics of gold mineralization. Structural fracture alteration zone: characterized by multi-directional and multi-property tensile-shear brittle fractures in brittle-ductile shear zones; the main ore-controlling space is the tension-shear brittle fracture zone, which is a direct indicator for finding fractured rock-type mineralization zones; Color changes of the surrounding rock: After oxidation and fading alteration, the structurally fractured alteration zone forms a clear color difference between the surface and the surrounding rock, which is a direct indicator for finding mineral-bearing structural alteration zones; Alteration of surrounding rocks near the ore deposit: Altering of surrounding rocks can serve as an indicator for mineral exploration: silicification, sericitization, and pyritization are closely related to gold mineralization. When gold minerals migrate along the fracture path in hydrothermal fluids containing metallic sulfides, hydrothermal alteration transforms the rocks in and around the fracture zone, forming altered rocks. Among these, metal mineralization is particularly important. They have a co-originating and co-existing relationship with gold minerals. Therefore, areas with intense alteration of surrounding rocks are the most direct indicators for mineral exploration. Ore-bearing tectonic fracture and alteration zones are often characterized by linear negative topography and triangular fault surfaces, which are clear indicators for finding tectonic structures.

[0039] The various embodiments of this disclosure have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or technical improvements to the embodiments in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a deep prospecting indicator system for gold deposits in altered rock types in Jiaodong, characterized in that, The method includes: (1) Collect rock samples from the mining area; (2) The basic characteristics of altered rock-type gold deposits in granite fracture zones were determined by collecting rock samples, including: determining the ore body morphology, scale, and ore-controlling structures; Determine the type of alteration of the surrounding rock; To determine the mineral composition, structure, and texture of the ore; Determine the occurrence form of gold; Determine geochemical characteristics; (3) Determine the metallogenic conditions and metallogenic processes in the mining area; (4) Determine the prospecting indicators for gold deposits based on the characteristics of altered rock type gold deposits in granite fracture zones.

2. The method for constructing a deep prospecting indicator system for altered rock-type gold deposits in Jiaodong as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Ore body morphology includes layered, vein-like, lenticular, and pod-like; deposit size includes extra-large, large, medium, and small; ore-controlling structures include tectonic fracture zones or shear zones.

3. The method for constructing a deep prospecting indicator system for altered rock-type gold deposits in Jiaodong as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The alteration types of the surrounding rocks include silicification, pyritization, sericitization, potassic alteration, and carbonatization, and these alteration types are closely related to gold mineralization.

4. The method for constructing a deep prospecting indicator system for altered rock-type gold deposits in Jiaodong as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Altered rocks often exhibit symmetrical zoning along the center of the fracture zone towards both sides. The intensity of alteration is constrained by the degree of fracturing, with the strongest fracturing and alteration occurring at the center of the fracture zone and gradually weakening towards both sides.

5. The method for constructing a deep prospecting indicator system for altered rock-type gold deposits in Jiaodong as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mineral composition of altered rock-type gold deposits in granite fracture zones is relatively complex. The main metallic minerals include pyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, sphalerite, native gold, native silver, gold-silver ore, chalcopyrite, argentite, bismuthite, hematite, ferruginous iron, siderite, and native bismuth. The gangue minerals include quartz, feldspar, sericite, calcite, chlorite, biotite, fluorite, and barite. The structures of ores include: euhedral to subhedral, anhedral, colloidal, metasomatic, and crushed structures; Ore structures include: massive structure, vein structure, brecciated structure, disseminated structure, banded structure, comb-like structure, and mottled structure.

6. The method for constructing a deep prospecting indicator system for altered rock-type gold deposits in Jiaodong as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In altered rock-type gold and silver deposits in granite fracture zones, gold is hosted in the form of native gold, gold and silver minerals, in galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, quartz minerals, or in mineral interstices. Gold exists in the form of fracture gold, intergranular gold, and gold inclusions.

7. The method for constructing a deep prospecting indicator system for altered rock-type gold deposits in Jiaodong as described in claim 1, characterized in that, From the surrounding rock to the center of the ore body, the alteration and mylonitization of the gold deposit gradually intensify. The giant altered rocks and tectonic rocks exhibit zoning patterns. In different zones, the rock-forming elements and trace elements show variation patterns. From the surrounding rock to the ore body, with the intensification of alteration and mylonitization, the contents of rock-forming elements Si, K, Na, and Ca all increase, with Si content increasing significantly, while Fe, Al, Mg, Ti, and Mn show little change. The contents of trace elements Au, Ag, As, Cu, Sb, Bi, and Pb gradually increase, reaching a significant increase and the greatest variation at the center of the ore body, with content changes within an order of magnitude. During the formation of tectonic rocks and the alteration of surrounding rocks, ore-forming elements migrated and accumulated.

8. The method for constructing a deep prospecting indicator system for altered rock-type gold deposits in Jiaodong as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The formation of gold deposits involves a combination of regional metamorphism, migmatization, granitization, fault structures, and tectonic magmatic activity.

9. The method for constructing a deep prospecting indicator system for altered rock-type gold deposits in Jiaodong as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the characteristics of altered rock-type gold deposits in granite fracture zones, prospecting indicators for gold deposits are determined, including: Oxidized outcrops of the ore body: Various breccia, fractured rocks and mylonitized rocks are present in the fault zone, which are the main host rocks; the metal sulfides associated with gold mineralization form iron caps in the oxidation zone, composed of limonite, styrite, pyrite and ferrovanadium, which are characteristics of gold mineralization. Structural fracture alteration zone: characterized by multi-directional and multi-property tensile-shear brittle fractures in brittle-ductile shear zones; the main ore-controlling space is the tension-shear brittle fracture zone, which is a direct indicator for finding fractured rock-type mineralization zones; Color changes of the surrounding rock: After oxidation and fading alteration, the structurally fractured alteration zone forms a clear color difference between the surface and the surrounding rock, which is a direct indicator for finding mineral-bearing structural alteration zones; Alteration of surrounding rocks near the ore deposit: Altering of surrounding rocks can serve as an indicator for mineral exploration: silicification, sericitization, and pyritization are closely related to gold mineralization. When gold minerals migrate along the fracture path in hydrothermal fluids containing metallic sulfides, hydrothermal alteration transforms the rocks in and around the fracture zone, forming altered rocks. Among these, metal mineralization is particularly important. They have a co-originating and co-existing relationship with gold minerals. Therefore, areas with intense alteration of surrounding rocks are the most direct indicators for mineral exploration. Ore-bearing tectonic fracture and alteration zones are often characterized by linear negative topography and triangular fault surfaces, which are clear indicators for finding tectonic structures.

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