Multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control and method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control and a method thereof, and relates to the field of circuit control, an MCU main control unit is used as an upper computer, and an instruction is issued to a load controller unit through Bluetooth. The load controller unit accurately executes instructions, and independent addressing and on-off control of a plurality of heterogeneous loads such as a washing machine and a heating unit are achieved through relays arranged in a one-to-one mode. In this way, the problems that a single load cannot be independently controlled and operation is tedious in a traditional scheme are solved. Meanwhile, live wires of all loads creatively pass through one current detection unit together, so that the working state of each heterogeneous load can be selectively monitored through a single current detection unit, and finally an integrated system which is convenient to control, simplified in wiring and intelligent in monitoring is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of circuit control, and more particularly, to a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control and its method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern homes towards intelligence and integration, integrating multiple electrical appliances in a single functional space has become an important trend to improve the quality of life and space utilization. Users expect to be able to manage and control multiple electrical loads with different functions conveniently and efficiently through a unified interface or method. For example, in a bathroom space, devices such as lighting, heating, defogging, and washing can be controlled simultaneously. This demand has given rise to the research and development of integrated circuit systems that can centrally manage multiple heterogeneous loads. The core goal is to achieve convenient remote control, reliable power distribution, and intelligent status monitoring, thereby building a seamless and efficient smart home subsystem.

[0003] However, existing multi-load control schemes often have many deficiencies. On the one hand, many still adopt decentralized control, that is, each load device relies on its independent switch or controller, resulting in cumbersome operations and poor user experience, and it is impossible to achieve linkage and collaborative work between multiple devices. On the other hand, although some preliminary integration schemes converge the power lines of multiple loads, they usually only provide a simple total power on / off function and lack the addressing ability to independently and precisely control individual loads. When it is necessary to turn on or off a specific device, this simple integration method is powerless. On the other hand, when it is necessary to monitor the status of each load, a current detection unit often needs to be configured separately for each load, which not only increases the cost but also makes the circuit topology more complex.

[0004] Therefore, how to safely, reliably, and independently address the control and status monitoring of these heterogeneous loads with different electrical characteristics in a compact circuit system is a technical problem that亟待 to be solved in the current development of smart home integration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above limitations of the existing methods, according to one aspect of this application, a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control is provided, which includes: an MCU main control unit, a load controller unit, a power switch and addressing unit, a current detection unit, and multiple heterogeneous load units; the MCU main control unit communicates wirelessly with the load controller unit via Bluetooth; the power switch and addressing unit is electrically connected to the load controller unit, and the power switch and addressing unit includes multiple relays, and one of the heterogeneous load units corresponds to one of the relays; multiple live wires connecting the multiple relays and the multiple heterogeneous load units jointly pass through the current detection unit.

[0006] According to another aspect of this application, a method for a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control is provided, comprising: a load controller unit receiving and parsing a control instruction from an MCU main control unit to obtain a corresponding relay drive instruction; executing the corresponding relay drive instruction through the relay drive circuit of the power switching and addressing unit to activate the corresponding relay so that the corresponding heterogeneous load unit is turned on; acquiring the AC voltage signal of the corresponding heterogeneous load unit through a current detection unit and inputting it into the ADC pin of the load controller unit; and the load controller unit performing signal parsing on the AC voltage signal to obtain the current value of the corresponding heterogeneous load unit.

[0007] Compared with existing technologies, this application provides a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit and method with load addressing control. It uses an MCU master control unit as the host computer, sending commands to the load controller unit via Bluetooth. The load controller unit then precisely executes the commands, utilizing one-to-one configured relays to achieve independent addressing and on / off control of multiple heterogeneous loads such as washing machines and heating units. This approach solves the problems of traditional solutions being unable to independently control a single load and being cumbersome to operate. Simultaneously, it innovatively connects the live wires of all loads to a single current detection unit, allowing for selective monitoring of the operating status of each heterogeneous load through a single current detection unit. Ultimately, this forms an integrated system that is convenient to control, has simplified wiring, and provides intelligent monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0008] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the more detailed description of the embodiments of this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of this application and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this application to explain this application and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components or steps.

[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to an embodiment of this application.

[0010] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method for a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to an embodiment of this application.

[0011] Figure 3 This is a data flow diagram of a method for a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to an embodiment of this application.

[0012] Figure 4 This is a relay circuit structure diagram of a method for a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to an embodiment of this application.

[0013] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of step S4 in a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0014] Embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of this disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of this disclosure. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of this disclosure are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0015] To address the problems mentioned above in the background art, this application proposes a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit 100 with load addressing control according to an embodiment of this application includes: an MCU main control unit 110, a load controller unit 120, a power switching and addressing unit 130, a current detection unit 140, and multiple heterogeneous load units 150.

[0016] It is worth mentioning that the existence of multiple heterogeneous load units 150 is the foundation of this technical solution. It directly addresses the practical need to integrate multiple electrical appliances of different types in a single scenario, and is the final object requiring management and control. To solve the problem that traditional solutions cannot independently control each load, a power switching and addressing unit 130 is introduced. This unit constructs a physical addressing channel by configuring an independent relay for each load, and is the core of realizing the transformation from central control to decentralized control. The load controller unit 120 is the direct executor of this addressing behavior. It receives upper-level instructions and generates the underlying electrical signals that drive the relays, serving as a bridge connecting logic instructions and physical switches. Furthermore, to eliminate the need for scattered and cumbersome physical switches and achieve convenient remote interaction, an MCU master control unit 110 is set up. As the brain of the system, it is responsible for handling complex logic and user interaction, and forms a master-slave architecture with the load controller unit through wireless communication, thereby separating user operation from underlying execution and greatly improving the system's intelligence level and ease of use. Finally, to address the safety hazard of difficulty in effectively monitoring the status of multiple integrated high-power loads, this solution is equipped with a current detection unit 140. Its design, which gathers and detects all the live wires of the loads, can accurately obtain the total operating current of the system, providing necessary data for energy consumption analysis and overload protection. This fills the monitoring gap in existing technologies and ensures the safe operation of the entire integrated system.

[0017] In detail, the MCU main control unit 110 is the decision-making center and instruction source of the whole process. It is responsible for receiving and processing external user instructions or system preset logic, forming specific control strategies, and sending high-level control instructions to the execution layer.

[0018] As a crucial hub connecting upper-level instructions and lower-level physical operations, the load controller unit 120 receives instructions from the MCU main control unit 110 and parses them into lower-level level signals. It directly drives the power switching unit's operation through its general-purpose input / output pins, and simultaneously receives and processes analog signals from the current detection unit through its analog-to-digital conversion pins, achieving precise sensing of the circuit status. Specifically, in the example of this application, the MCU main control unit and the load controller unit communicate wirelessly via Bluetooth. This wireless communication method decouples the main control unit and the load control unit in terms of physical deployment, simplifying system wiring and providing users with a convenient remote intelligent control method.

[0019] The power switching and addressing unit 130 forms the physical basis for achieving independent control. Specifically, in the example of this application, the power switching and addressing unit is electrically connected to the load controller unit. The power switching and addressing unit includes multiple relays, with each heterogeneous load unit corresponding to one of the relays. This means that the unit integrates multiple relays, and each relay has a one-to-one correspondence with a heterogeneous load unit. Under the drive of the load controller unit, the designated relays are engaged or disengaged, thereby connecting or disconnecting the power circuit of the corresponding load. This structure provides the ability to precisely address and independently switch any load. Specifically, in the example of this application, the power switching and addressing unit also includes a relay drive circuit. One end of the relay drive circuit is electrically connected to the GPIO pin of the load controller unit, and the other end is connected to multiple relays. The relay drive circuit is used to provide current to engage or disengage the relays. This configuration of the relay drive circuit ensures reliable execution of relay actions.

[0020] The current detection unit 140 performs system-level status monitoring. Specifically, in the example of this application, multiple live wires connecting the multiple relays and the multiple heterogeneous load units pass through the current detection unit. Specifically, in the example of this application, the current detection unit is a current transformer, and the multiple live wires connecting the multiple relays and the multiple heterogeneous load units pass through the primary coil of the current detection unit. The secondary coil of the current detection unit is connected to the ADC pin of the load controller unit. This configuration, by selecting a current transformer and utilizing its non-contact measurement characteristics, achieves reliable electrical isolation between the high-voltage load circuit and the low-voltage control circuit, thereby fundamentally ensuring the safe operation of the system. Simultaneously, the structure of multiple live wires passing through the primary coil creates a single detection point that physically converges the total current, providing direct and accurate raw data for overall power consumption assessment and overload protection. The connection between the secondary coil and the analog-to-digital converter pin of the load controller completes the crucial conversion from analog signal to digital information, enabling the physical current detection results to be accurately read by the control core and used for subsequent logical judgment and control, thus seamlessly integrating the monitoring function into the entire automated control process.

[0021] It should be understood that in the technical solution of this application, the plurality of heterogeneous load units 150 are selectively turned on through the load controller unit 120 and the power switching and addressing unit 130. When a specific heterogeneous load unit 150 is turned on, among the multiple live wires passing through the current detection unit 140, only the live wire connected to the specific heterogeneous load unit 150 is turned on. In this way, the current detection unit 140 can detect the operating status of the specific heterogeneous load unit 150 individually, such as the current value. That is to say, in the technical solution of this application, all the live wires of all loads pass through a single current detection unit 140, so that the operating status of each heterogeneous load can be selectively monitored through a single current detection unit 140, thereby realizing a load status monitoring scheme with selectable addressability through a single current detection unit 140.

[0022] Multiple heterogeneous load units 150 serve as the final objects of the circuit, encompassing various electrical devices with different electrical characteristics and power ratings. Specifically, in the example of this application, the multiple heterogeneous load units include instant heating units, washing machines, heating units, PTC heating films, LED strips, facial steamers, dryers / sterilizers, and air purifiers. These load units collectively constitute the functional entities of an integrated application scenario. This allows for centralized monitoring of the total operating current of all loads through a single detection point, enabling system-level safety early warning and providing a hardware foundation for refined diagnostics by calculating the current of individual loads through control logic. In this application, one end of each heterogeneous load unit is connected to the relay, and the other end is connected to the neutral wire of the power grid. This connection method ensures that each load unit can form a complete working circuit.

[0023] It should be understood that in other examples of this application, new heterogeneous load cells can be developed to meet actual needs, and this is not limited to this application.

[0024] In summary, the multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control based on the embodiments of this application is explained. It uses an MCU main control unit as the host computer, sending commands to the load controller unit via Bluetooth. The load controller unit then precisely executes the commands, utilizing one-to-one configured relays to achieve independent addressing and on / off control of multiple heterogeneous loads such as washing machines and heating units. This approach solves the problems of traditional solutions being unable to independently control a single load and being cumbersome to operate. Simultaneously, it innovatively connects the live wires of all loads to a single current detection unit, enabling real-time, centralized monitoring of the total operating current. This effectively compensates for the shortcomings of existing technologies in energy management and safety warnings, ultimately forming an integrated system that is convenient to control, has simplified wiring, and provides intelligent monitoring.

[0025] It is understandable that with the evolution of modern home and industrial automation technologies, integrating various loads with different electrical characteristics, such as heating, cooling, lighting, and power equipment, into a unified system for intelligent management has become an important development trend. This integration not only requires the system to achieve independent start-stop control for each heterogeneous load—that is, precise load addressing—but also places higher demands on the system's operational status monitoring. Real-time and accurate monitoring of the operating current of each load is crucial for energy consumption analysis, fault diagnosis, and preventative safety protection. Therefore, constructing a multi-load integrated circuit method that can achieve both precise load addressing control and refined current monitoring is a core technological requirement for improving the intelligence level and safety reliability of such integrated systems.

[0026] In existing technological practices, there are two approaches to achieving independent current monitoring of multiple loads. One approach is to configure a separate current sensing unit for each load's power supply branch. While this method can directly and accurately obtain the current value of each load, it significantly increases hardware costs, circuit layout complexity, and potential system failure points, contradicting the design principles of integration and miniaturization. The other approach is to use a single current sensor to measure the total current of all loads. Although this simplifies the hardware structure, it encounters a bottleneck at the methodological level: it cannot directly calculate the precise operating current of an individual load, resulting in the system losing its ability to perform fine-grained management and diagnosis of individual loads. This contradiction between hardware simplification and information acquisition accuracy constitutes a pressing problem in the current technological field.

[0027] In order to simplify hardware and reduce costs while achieving accurate current monitoring of a single heterogeneous load, this technical solution proposes an innovative signal analysis method.

[0028] Specifically, in one example of this application, Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method for a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a data flow diagram of a method for a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to an embodiment of this application. (See diagram below.) Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the method for a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to an embodiment of this application includes the following steps: S1, the load controller unit receives and parses the control instruction from the MCU main control unit to obtain the corresponding relay drive instruction; S2, the corresponding relay drive instruction is executed through the relay drive circuit of the power switching and addressing unit to activate the corresponding relay so that the corresponding heterogeneous load unit is turned on; S3, the AC voltage signal of the corresponding heterogeneous load unit is acquired through the current detection unit and input into the ADC pin of the load controller unit; S4, the load controller unit performs signal parsing on the AC voltage signal to obtain the current value of the corresponding heterogeneous load unit.

[0029] In step S1, the load controller unit receives and parses the control instructions from the MCU main control unit to obtain the corresponding relay drive instructions. It should be understood that the MCU main control unit, as the decision-making core of the circuit, generates macroscopic control intentions, such as turning on the heating load. However, these high-level instructions need to be converted into low-level electrical signals that can directly drive specific physical relays. The load controller unit undertakes this translation and execution role, accurately mapping abstract instructions to specific hardware actions. It is the core of achieving precise load addressing and a prerequisite for subsequent independent control and current monitoring.

[0030] In one possible implementation, step S1 is specifically implemented as follows: First, the communication protocol and instruction format between the MCU main control unit and the load controller unit need to be preset. For example, a custom data frame structure based on wireless communication can be defined. When the MCU main control unit intends to activate the heating load, it constructs a control instruction data packet. This data packet may contain a start character, such as 0xAA, an instruction type, such as 0x01 representing relay control, a target load number, such as 0x01 representing heating, an action instruction, such as 0x01 representing activation, and a checksum, such as CRC checksum. Therefore, the control instruction issued by the MCU main control unit is a specific byte sequence, such as [0xAA, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, CRC_Value].

[0031] When the load controller unit receives this byte stream via its wireless module, its internal microprocessor immediately starts the parsing program. The program first verifies the start character and data integrity of the data frame by recalculating the checksum of the data portion and comparing it with the received CRC_Value. If the verification is correct, the instruction type (0x01), target load number (0x01), and action instruction (0x01) are extracted sequentially.

[0032] Subsequently, the load controller unit generates corresponding relay drive instructions based on this parsed information. Its firmware pre-defines a mapping table or logical judgment structure that associates the logical target load number with the specific general-purpose input / output pins controlling the physical relay. For example, the relay for heating, with the preset target load number 01, is controlled by a specific GPIO pin of the load controller unit. Based on the parsed action instruction 0x01 being activated, the load controller unit ultimately generates an internal command to set the level of that specific GPIO pin high.

[0033] In step S2, the corresponding relay drive command is executed through the relay drive circuit of the power switching and addressing unit to engage the corresponding relay, thereby turning on the corresponding heterogeneous load unit. Accordingly, since the corresponding relay drive command is essentially a low-power logic level signal output by the load controller unit, such as a 3.3-volt DC high level, this signal itself does not have sufficient energy to directly drive a power relay capable of switching on and off 220-volt AC power. Therefore, a dedicated relay drive circuit is needed to amplify this weak logic command, converting it into a drive current sufficient to generate enough magnetic force in the relay coil to engage its mechanical contacts. Specifically, it is assumed that only one heterogeneous load unit is allowed to be turned on at a time.

[0034] In one possible implementation, Figure 4This is a relay circuit structure diagram of a method for a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the specific implementation of step S2 is as follows: Taking heating as an example, when the heating load needs to be turned on, the load controller unit will apply a high-level signal to its preset general-purpose input / output pin for controlling heating. This signal is the corresponding relay drive command.

[0035] The command signal is input to the relay drive circuit within the power switching and addressing unit. In the attached diagram, this drive circuit consists of a driver chip. For example, a heating drive command from the load controller is connected to input pin 1 of U20. The driver chip integrates multiple transistor pairs, enabling it to accept low-voltage logic level inputs and provide high current drive capability. Its operating power supply (VDD) pin 9 is connected to a preset +12 volt DC power supply dedicated to powering the relay coil. This +12 volt value is predetermined based on the rated coil voltage of the selected relay.

[0036] When input pin 1 of U20 receives a high-level drive command, its corresponding internal transistor pair conducts, causing its corresponding output pin 16 to present a low-impedance state to ground (GND, pin 8). In the circuit, the coil of relay RY21, used to control the heating load, is connected at one end to a +12 volt power supply and at the other end to output pin 16 of U20. Therefore, when pin 16 is pulled low, the +12 volt power supply flows to ground through the coil of relay RY21, forming a complete excitation loop.

[0037] The current flowing through the coil generates sufficient electromagnetic force to attract the armature inside relay RY21, causing its normally open contact to close, thus activating the corresponding relay. This normally open contact is connected in series between the mains live wire (L) and the power input terminal (heating in) of the heating load. With the contact closing, the mains live wire is connected to the load. Since the other end of the load (heating out) is already connected to the subsequent circuit or neutral wire, a complete power supply loop is formed. Finally, current flows through the heating load, causing it to start operating, thereby activating the corresponding heterogeneous load unit.

[0038] In step S3, the AC voltage signal of the corresponding heterogeneous load unit is acquired by the current detection unit and input to the ADC pin of the load controller unit. It should be understood that the load controller unit, as the core of digital processing, cannot directly sense the AC current in the physical world. To quantitatively analyze the actual operating state of the load, such as whether it is operating normally and its power consumption, the physical quantity of the current flowing through the load must first be converted into an electrical signal that the load controller unit can recognize and process through a sensor. The role of the current detection unit is precisely to complete this conversion; it safely and isolatedly converts the large current on the high-voltage side into a corresponding low-voltage AC voltage signal on the low-voltage side. This signal is the original basis for all subsequent current calculations and intelligent judgments, and is a key data bridge connecting the physical execution layer and the digital decision-making layer.

[0039] In one possible implementation, step S3 is specifically implemented as follows: When a heterogeneous load is turned on, the mains wire supplying the load will act as the primary winding passing through the core of the current transformer. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the changing primary current will induce a proportional but much smaller alternating current in the secondary coil.

[0040] This secondary induced current needs to be converted into a voltage signal. This is achieved by connecting a preset sampling resistor in parallel across the secondary coil. The resistance value is a key parameter that needs to be preset, and its setting must take into account the transformer ratio, the maximum load current the circuit may carry, and the voltage range of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) pin of the load controller unit. For example, if a transformer with a ratio of 2000:1 is selected, and the maximum load current is estimated to be 10 amps, then the maximum secondary induced current is 5 mA. If the input voltage range of the ADC is 0 to 3.3 volts, to allow for margin and to accommodate subsequent DC bias, the peak signal voltage can be designed to be around 1.5 volts. Therefore, the resistance value of the sampling resistor can be set as: 1.5 volts / (5 mA × 1.414) ≈ 212 ohms, and a precision resistor with a nominal value of 220 ohms can be selected.

[0041] Since the ADC pins of the load controller unit typically only handle positive voltages, the AC voltage signal generated by the sampling resistor, which fluctuates around zero, must be conditioned. The conditioning circuit first provides a DC bias voltage to the signal through a voltage divider resistor network. This bias voltage is set to half the ADC reference voltage; for example, when using a 3.3-volt reference voltage, the bias voltage is set to 1.65 volts. In this way, the original AC signal is overall boosted, fluctuating around the 1.65-volt reference line, ensuring the entire waveform remains within the positive voltage range.

[0042] To protect the ADC pins from accidental voltage surges, the conditioning circuit also includes overvoltage protection components, such as two anti-parallel clamping diodes or a Zener diode, to limit the signal voltage within a safe range. Finally, the signal passes through a low-pass filter before entering the ADC pins to filter out high-frequency noise introduced by the power grid or ambient environment. This results in a clean, stable AC voltage signal with an amplitude that precisely corresponds to the load current.

[0043] In step S4, the load controller unit performs signal analysis on the AC voltage signal to obtain the current value of the corresponding heterogeneous load unit. Accordingly, the AC voltage signal is merely an indirect analog quantity of the load current after sensor conversion and circuit conditioning, and exists in the controller in discrete digital form. This raw data itself does not have direct physical meaning and cannot be used for energy consumption statistics, overload judgment, or fault diagnosis. Therefore, a rigorous signal analysis and mathematical conversion process is required to reverse engineer these raw, circuit-characteristic digital sampling points back to the actual operating current value (Amperes) of the load on the high-voltage side.

[0044] Specifically, in one possible implementation, Figure 5 This is a flowchart of step S4 in a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, in step S4, the load controller unit performs signal analysis on the AC voltage signal to obtain the current value of the corresponding heterogeneous load unit, including: S41, high-speed sampling of the AC voltage signal to obtain N ADC sampling points for a complete power frequency cycle; S42, removing the DC bias voltage from each of the ADC sampling points to obtain N bias-removed ADC sampling points; S43, calculating the root mean square (RMS) of the N bias-removed ADC sampling points to obtain the RMS value of the voltage signal; S44, converting the RMS value of the voltage signal into the actual voltage; S45, calculating the secondary current based on the gain of the hardware circuit, the sampling resistor, and the actual voltage; S46, calculating the current value of the corresponding heterogeneous load unit based on the turns ratio and secondary current of the current detection unit.

[0045] In one possible implementation, step S4 is carried out as follows: First, step S41 is executed. The load controller unit activates its internal ADC module to continuously sample the input AC voltage signal at a preset frequency much higher than the mains power frequency, such as 50 Hz. To ensure the accuracy of the calculation, the sampling needs to cover at least one complete power frequency cycle. For example, the sampling frequency can be preset to 5 kHz. For a 50 Hz power frequency, one cycle is 20 milliseconds, so N = 100 discrete ADC sampling points can be obtained within one cycle. These sampling points are stored in the memory of the load controller unit in the form of an array.

[0046] Here, when the AC voltage signal is sampled at high speed, the signal aliasing occurs due to insufficient time discreteness at high sampling frequency. In particular, the time periodic aliasing noise of the higher harmonic components of the signal will cause waveform distortion. Therefore, in addition to removing the DC bias voltage, it is also desirable to filter out high-frequency background interference to improve the time resolution at high frequency, that is, to improve the error distribution under the sampling time step.

[0047] That is, in another possible implementation, the AC voltage signal is sampled at high speed to obtain N ADC sampling points for a complete power frequency cycle, including: sampling the AC voltage signal at high speed to obtain the voltage values ​​of the N ADC sampling points; determining the higher harmonic distribution of the voltage value of each ADC sampling point; calculating the amplitude fluctuation deviation of each ADC sampling point based on the higher harmonic distribution; averaging the amplitude fluctuation deviations of all ADC sampling points within the overall time distribution range to obtain the average amplitude fluctuation deviation; adjusting the voltage value of each ADC sampling point based on the amplitude fluctuation deviation of each ADC sampling point and the average amplitude fluctuation deviation to obtain the adjusted voltage value of each ADC sampling point, and using the adjusted voltage value for subsequent calculations.

[0048] Specifically, for the voltage value at each ADC sampling point, for example denoted as V... i First, determine its higher harmonic distribution V. i ×∑ k＝2～n e -2πk / N Where k is the harmonic order, e represents the natural constant, π represents pi, and by setting a threshold ε, e is made more uniform. -2πkn / N <ε determines the upper limit of the harmonic order n.

[0049] Furthermore, N represents the number of sampling points. This is for synchronization of higher-order harmonic timing among the sampling points, i.e., frequency alignment of the sampling clocks, to ensure waveform integrity within a predetermined time interval based on the sampling timing. Then, the amplitude fluctuation deviation is calculated based on the higher-order harmonic distribution, i.e.:

[0050]

[0051] Where, ΔV i This represents the amplitude fluctuation deviation at the i-th ADC sampling point.

[0052] Then, the average amplitude fluctuation deviation of all ADC sampling points is calculated within the overall time distribution range to obtain the average amplitude fluctuation deviation, i.e.:

[0053]

[0054] Among them, V μThis indicates the deviation in average amplitude fluctuation.

[0055] Therefore, based on the amplitude fluctuation deviation and average amplitude fluctuation deviation of each ADC sampling point, the voltage value of each ADC sampling point is adjusted to obtain the adjusted voltage value of each ADC sampling point, i.e., V' i =V i ×(ΔV i / V μ This is used to adjust the timing amplitude consistency to maintain a stable sampling voltage amplitude, where V' i This represents the adjusted voltage value at the i-th ADC sampling point. In other words, by normalizing the average amplitude fluctuation, the step size error distribution caused by amplitude fluctuation is suppressed, thereby improving the error distribution under the sampling time step.

[0056] Furthermore, through the above average amplitude fluctuation normalization, bias compensation can be further performed by removing the DC bias voltage at each of the ADC sampling points, i.e., by adjusting the amplitude fluctuation deviation ΔV. i Divide by the average amplitude fluctuation deviation V μ This allows for zero-centering of the signal fluctuation distribution, enabling the removal of residual DC bias based on the error distribution and preventing residual DC bias from affecting the calculation of the root mean square value.

[0057] Next, step S42 is executed. Since a DC bias voltage, such as 1.65 volts, is superimposed on the signal before it is input to the ADC, this bias manifests as a fixed digital offset after ADC sampling. To accurately calculate the AC component, this bias needs to be removed. Specifically, the arithmetic mean of the N ADC sampling points acquired above is calculated; this average value is the digital representation of the actual DC bias. Subsequently, this calculated average value is subtracted from each ADC sampling point, resulting in N bias-removed ADC sampling points oscillating around zero.

[0058] Then proceed to step S43. For AC signals, the root mean square (RMS) value is a measure of its effective value. The calculation process is as follows: first, square each value in the N bias-removed ADC sampling points; then calculate the arithmetic mean of these N squared values; finally, take the square root of this mean. The result is a single numerical value, the RMS value of the voltage signal, which remains the digital unit of the ADC.

[0059] Then, step S44 is executed. This step converts the dimensionless ADC digital value into a voltage value with the physical unit of volts. The conversion formula is: Actual Voltage = (Root Mean Square Value of Voltage Signal / Maximum Resolution of ADC) × ADC Reference Voltage. The ADC resolution and reference voltage are preset hardware parameters. For example, if the ADC is 12-bit (maximum resolution is 4095), the reference voltage is 3.3 volts, and the calculated root mean square value of the voltage signal is 300, then the actual voltage = (300 / 4095) × 3.3 volts ≈ 0.2418 volts.

[0060] Next, proceed to step S45. This step requires considering the parameters of all components in the hardware circuit that affect the signal amplitude. According to Ohm's law, the actual voltage obtained in the previous step is generated by the secondary current of the current transformer passing through the sampling resistor and the gain circuit. Therefore, secondary current = actual voltage / (sampling resistor value × gain). The sampling resistor value and gain are preset circuit parameters. For example, if the preset sampling resistor is 100 ohms, and the signal passes through an operational amplifier circuit with a gain of 10, then the secondary current = 0.2418 volts / (100 ohms × 10) = 0.0002418 amperes.

[0061] Finally, step S46 is executed. The current transformer has a fixed transformation ratio, which is a hardware parameter predetermined according to the transformer model. The actual operating current of the load (i.e., the primary current) is equal to the calculated secondary current multiplied by this transformation ratio. For example, if the transformation ratio of the current detection unit is 2000:1, then the current value of the corresponding heterogeneous load unit = 0.0002418 Amperes × 2000 ≈ 0.48 Amperes. In this way, the load controller unit successfully and accurately converts the original voltage signal of the ADC pin into the actual operating current value of the corresponding load through a series of rigorous signal analysis.

[0062] In summary, the multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control based on the embodiments of this application is explained. First, it ensures the integrity of data acquisition by high-speed sampling over a complete power frequency cycle, avoiding measurement errors caused by instantaneous fluctuations. Then, an algorithm removes the DC bias voltage introduced by the front-end conditioning circuit from the sampled data, restoring a clean AC signal waveform. Based on this, the root mean square (RMS) value of the signal is calculated to obtain an effective value equivalent to DC, which is the most accurate measure of AC signal energy. Finally, combining known hardware parameters such as gain, sampling resistance, and current transformer ratio in the circuit, a series of rigorous mathematical conversions are used to ultimately deduce the precise current value of the corresponding heterogeneous load from the effective voltage value. These steps together constitute a complete analytical link from the original analog signal to a precise physical quantity, effectively solving the technical pain point of being unable to accurately measure the current of a single load using a single sensor.

Claims

1. A multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control, characterized in that, include: The system includes an MCU main control unit, a load controller unit, a power switching and addressing unit, a current detection unit, and multiple heterogeneous load units. The power switching and addressing unit is electrically connected to the load controller unit and includes multiple relays. Each heterogeneous load unit corresponds to one of the relays. Multiple live wires connecting the multiple relays and the multiple heterogeneous load units pass through the current detection unit.

2. The multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple heterogeneous load units include an instant heating unit, a washing machine, a heating unit, a PTC heating film, a light strip, a facial steamer, a dryer and sterilizer, and an air purifier.

3. The multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to claim 2, characterized in that, The current detection unit is a current transformer. Multiple live wires connecting the multiple relays and the multiple heterogeneous load units pass through the primary coil of the current detection unit. The secondary coil of the current detection unit is connected to the ADC pin of the load controller unit.

4. The multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to claim 3, characterized in that, One end of each of the heterogeneous load units is connected to the relay, and the other end of each of the heterogeneous load units is connected to the neutral wire of the power grid.

5. The multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power switching and addressing unit also includes a relay drive circuit. One end of the relay drive circuit is electrically connected to the GPIO pin of the load controller unit, and the other end of the relay drive circuit is connected to multiple relays. The relay drive circuit is used to provide current for engaging or disengaging the relays.

6. The multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The MCU main control unit and the load controller unit communicate wirelessly via Bluetooth.

7. A method for a multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: the load controller unit receives and parses control instructions from the MCU main control unit to obtain corresponding relay drive instructions; the relay drive circuit of the power switching and addressing unit executes the corresponding relay drive instructions to activate the corresponding relay so that the corresponding heterogeneous load unit is turned on; the current detection unit collects the AC voltage signal of the corresponding heterogeneous load unit and inputs it into the ADC pin of the load controller unit; the load controller unit performs signal parsing on the AC voltage signal to obtain the current value of the corresponding heterogeneous load unit.

8. The multi-load integrated heterogeneous circuit with load addressing control according to claim 7, characterized in that, The load controller unit performs signal analysis on the AC voltage signal to obtain the current value of the corresponding heterogeneous load unit, including: high-speed sampling of the AC voltage signal to obtain N ADC sampling points for one complete power frequency cycle; removing the DC bias voltage from each of the ADC sampling points to obtain N bias-removed ADC sampling points; calculating the root mean square (RMS) of the N bias-removed ADC sampling points to obtain the RMS value of the voltage signal; converting the RMS value of the voltage signal into the actual voltage; calculating the secondary current based on the gain of the hardware circuit, the sampling resistor, and the actual voltage; and calculating the current value of the corresponding heterogeneous load unit based on the turns ratio and secondary current of the current detection unit.

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