Dry land straw layered burying under-mulch drip irrigation multi-stage water storage and corrosion reduction planting method

Abstract

The invention aims to provide a dry land straw layered burying and under-mulch drip irrigation multi-stage water storage and corrosion reduction planting method. The method comprises the steps of straw layered burying, microbial decomposition treatment, under-mulch drip irrigation technology, organic combination of a two-year cycle rotation mechanism and the like. According to the invention, the soil water storage reservoir is constructed by burying the long straws in the deep layer, so that the water storage and retention functions are realized; the shallow short straws are buried to form a water retention layer, and meanwhile, the short straws can be quickly decomposed to release stocking; the steam restraining effect and runoff control are achieved through surface layer straw covering, and a deep storage-middle protection-surface restraining three-level three-dimensional water management system is established. A two-year-one-cycle alternate burying mode is adopted, it is ensured that straw is fully decomposed, meanwhile, the soil structure is continuously improved, fixed-point supply and gradient release of water are achieved in combination with an under-film drip irrigation precise water supply and layered water storage system, and a complete soil protection system is formed through furrow straw covering and ridge table mulching film protection. Effective continuous storage, accurate regulation and control and continuous supply of dry land moisture are comprehensively achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop cultivation technology, specifically to a planting method for multi-stage water storage and erosion reduction through drip irrigation with layered buried straw under a film in dryland areas. Background Technology

[0002] The arid-hot valley region, a typical fragile ecosystem in southwestern my country, is characterized by scarce and unevenly distributed rainfall, intense evaporation, infertile soil, and severe soil erosion. Annual rainfall in this area is mostly between 600 and 800 mm, while annual evaporation reaches 2700 to 3700 mm, resulting in an evaporation-to-fall ratio of 4 to 6, creating a typical water-deficient environment. Furthermore, the region's complex topography, steep slopes, and loose soil structure make it highly susceptible to soil erosion under seasonal torrential rains, leading to continuous degradation of arable land quality and severely hindering the sustainable development of local agriculture.

[0003] To address the water shortage problem in arid and hot river valleys, water-saving irrigation technologies such as drip irrigation under mulch film are currently the main methods used in production. Drip irrigation under mulch film, combining mulch film covering with precise drip irrigation, effectively reduces soil moisture evaporation and improves water use efficiency, making it widely used in arid regions. However, drip irrigation under mulch film alone still has significant limitations: first, it only achieves surface moisture retention, with limited improvement on deep soil water storage structure, failing to construct an effective soil water reservoir system; second, drip irrigation water is mainly concentrated in the shallow rhizosphere, making it difficult to form deep water reserves, resulting in insufficient drought resistance; and third, it lacks synergistic utilization with straw resources, failing to fully leverage the comprehensive effects of organic materials in soil structure improvement and water regulation. Traditional dryland planting methods mainly include deep plowing for moisture retention, mulching for moisture retention, and straw return to the field. Deep tillage improves rainwater infiltration and retention by increasing soil looseness, but its effect is limited in hot and dry valleys, and deep tillage can exacerbate soil erosion. Mulching for moisture retention mainly uses straw or plastic film to cover the surface, which can reduce surface evaporation, but it does not improve the water storage and retention capacity of deep soil layers. Traditional straw return to the field mostly uses single methods such as turning over or covering, which fails to give full play to the differentiated functions of straw in different soil layers, resulting in poor water regulation effect.

[0004] Therefore, how to organically combine the precise water supply advantages of drip irrigation under film with the three-dimensional water storage function of straw layering and burying, and construct an efficient integrated system for soil moisture storage, regulation and supply, so as to achieve precise management and efficient utilization of dryland water, has become an important direction for the development of dryland agricultural technology and a key issue that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of existing technologies such as the limited functionality of straw return to the field, low utilization rate of straw resources, and insufficient improvement in the deep water storage and retention capacity of soil through straw or mulch film surface covering, this invention proposes a multi-stage water storage and erosion reduction planting method for dryland straw layering and drip irrigation under mulch film. By organically combining layered straw burial, microbial composting treatment, drip irrigation under mulch film, and a two-year cycle rotation mechanism, this method solves technical problems such as water shortage, severe soil erosion, and the limitations of traditional water-saving technologies in arid and hot valley areas. It achieves efficient water storage, precise regulation, and continuous supply in dryland areas, significantly improving water use efficiency and crop yield.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical effects, the present invention employs the following technical means:

[0007] This invention first provides a planting method for dryland farmland using layered straw burial and drip irrigation under mulch for multi-stage water storage and erosion reduction. This method organically combines layered straw burial, microbial composting, drip irrigation under mulch, and a two-year rotation mechanism to achieve efficient water storage, soil improvement, and soil and water conservation in dryland farmland. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0008] (1) Tilling the land and digging trenches: Before sowing in the spring of the year, use a tiller to till the land to a depth of 30-40cm. In the pre-set ridge planting area, dig deep straw burial trenches along the contour line with a depth of 30±2cm and a width of 45±2cm.

[0009] (2) Straw layer burial: Deep burial is completed by burying long-section straw in the soil layer of 25-35cm, adding nitrogen fertilizer and straw decomposing agent, backfilling with fine soil and compacting; shallow burial is completed by burying short-section straw in the soil layer of 10-15cm, adding nitrogen fertilizer and straw decomposing agent, backfilling with fine soil and compacting.

[0010] (3) Ridging: Ridges are made above the straw burial area, with a ridge height of 12-18cm and a ridge spacing of 50-70cm; the flatness of the ridge surface is controlled within ±2cm, and the slope of the two sides of the ridge is 30°-45°.

[0011] (4) Drip irrigation under film: Cover the ridge with mulch film and lay drip irrigation tape underneath;

[0012] (5) Furrow straw mulching: Long sections of straw are laid in the furrow as a mulching layer with a thickness of 3-5 cm;

[0013] (6) No-till or reduced-till measures are adopted in different planting seasons from the first year after sowing to the third year before sowing, and the straw mulch, plastic film and drip irrigation system are maintained; at the same time, the straw is harvested and stored after each planting season.

[0014] (7) Starting in the spring of the third year, repeat steps (1) to (6) to form a “two-year cycle” rotation burial pattern. In step (1), the tillage process requires the decomposed straw to be fully mixed with the soil, and the mixing depth reaches the bottom of the plow.

[0015] Further, the straw in step (1) is selected from: corn straw, soybean straw, wheat straw, sorghum straw, sweet potato straw or rice straw, preferably corn straw or soybean straw, and the straw moisture content is 12-15%.

[0016] Further, in step (2), the length of the long-segment straw is 40-50cm; the length of the short-segment straw is 10-20cm; and the recommended total amount of corn straw or soybean straw applied is 1200kg / 800kg per mu.

[0017] Furthermore, the cutting length of straw can be adjusted appropriately according to different soil textures. For sandy soil, the length of short-section straw can be adjusted to 8–15 cm, and the length of long-section straw can be adjusted to 30–40 cm; for clay soil, the length of short-section straw can be adjusted to 15–25 cm, and the length of long-section straw can be adjusted to 50–70 cm. For deep landfilling, long straw can be bundled into bundles with a diameter of 8–12 cm to improve water retention porosity.

[0018] Further, the long straw buried in the deep layer in step (2) is: 720 kg of corn long straw per mu and 480 kg of soybean long straw per mu, with a laying thickness of 9-10 cm; the short straw buried in the shallow layer is: 360 kg of corn short straw per mu and 240 kg of soybean long straw per mu, with a laying thickness of 5-6 cm.

[0019] Further, the addition of nitrogen fertilizer in step (2) includes: if corn straw is used, 20 kg / mu of pure nitrogen is added according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 60-70; if soybean straw is used, no additional nitrogen fertilizer is needed according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30; the amount of straw composting agent added is 1 kg / mu, and the straw composting agent includes: a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, yeast, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphorus-potassium activating bacteria.

[0020] Furthermore, the backfill layer in step (2) has a thickness of 5±1cm and a compaction degree controlled at 85-90%.

[0021] Furthermore, the ridging described in step (3) can also adopt a double-row planting pattern with large ridges; for densely planted crops, a narrow ridge system can be used, and the ridge spacing can be adjusted to 30-40cm.

[0022] Furthermore, the drip irrigation tape mentioned in step (4) is a pressure-compensated drip irrigation tape with a dripper flow rate of 2-4 L / h and the dripper spacing is determined according to the crop planting spacing; the mulch film used for covering is a polyethylene mulch film or a biodegradable mulch film with a thickness of 0.008-0.012 mm and a width of 60-80 cm.

[0023] Further, the laying of long-section straw in step (5) is as follows: 120 kg of corn long-section straw per mu, 80 kg of soybean long-section straw per mu, with a coverage rate of 85-95%, and the covering layer is kept 5-10 cm away from the edge of the ridge.

[0024] Furthermore, the laying of long-segment straw in step (5) requires regular maintenance to maintain a laying thickness of 3-5 cm.

[0025] Furthermore, in step (6), after harvesting the straw each quarter, all the straw is collected and stored as a source for straw burial and covering in the next cycle.

[0026] Furthermore, the cycle period described in step (7) can also be adjusted according to the straw decomposition rate to determine the cycle period of straw burial.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0028] (1) Constructing a three-dimensional water storage system: This invention constructs a soil water reservoir by burying long straw in the deep layer, forms a water-retaining layer by burying short straw in the shallow layer, and achieves the effect of suppressing evaporation by covering the surface layer of straw. It establishes a three-level three-dimensional water management system of "deep storage-medium protection-surface suppression", which has a higher water storage capacity than the traditional single covering and moisture-retaining technology.

[0029] (2) Realize differentiated utilization of straw: This invention differentiates straw according to the functional requirements of different soil layers: deep layer long straw mainly plays the role of water storage and retention, shallow layer short straw decomposes quickly and releases nutrients, and surface covering straw inhibits evaporation and controls runoff, thus realizing the maximum comprehensive utilization of straw resources.

[0030] (3) Establish a sustainable recycling model: adopt a two-year cycle of rotation and burial to ensure that the straw is fully decomposed while continuously improving the soil structure, avoiding the problems of decreased soil permeability and aggravated diseases caused by the traditional one-time large-scale input of straw return to the field.

[0031] (4) Significantly improve water use efficiency: By combining drip irrigation under film for precise water supply with a stratified water storage system, the system achieves fixed-point water supply and gradient release, which is more water-saving than conventional drip irrigation technology and effectively improves crop water use efficiency.

[0032] (5) Effectively prevent soil erosion: By covering furrows with straw and protecting ridges with plastic film, a complete soil protection system is formed, which can effectively reduce the rate of soil erosion and significantly improve the farmland ecological environment. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a planting method that uses layered burial of straw under a film for multi-stage water storage and erosion reduction through drip irrigation. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A planting method for dryland straw layering and drip irrigation under mulch, using corn straw as an example, includes:

[0037] (1) Straw selection and cutting: Use a straw cutter to process corn stalks into short and long segments. The moisture content of the corn stalks should be controlled at 12-15% to ensure easy storage and subsequent processing. The short segments should be 15cm long, and the long segments should be 45cm long. The recommended total amount of corn stalks applied is 1200kg per acre.

[0038] (2) Tilling the land and digging trenches: Before sowing in the spring of the year, use a tiller to till the land to a depth of about 30-40cm. In the pre-set ridge planting area, dig deep straw burial trenches along the contour line, with a depth of about 30cm and a width of about 45cm.

[0039] (3) Layered Straw Laying: Long-section straw is evenly placed in strips in deep burial trenches, with a weight of approximately 720 kg / mu and a thickness of approximately 9-10 cm. Nitrogen fertilizer and straw composting agent are added simultaneously. Fine soil is then backfilled and compacted to form deep burial trenches. Short-section straw is laid in shallow burial trenches, with a weight of approximately 360 kg / mu and a thickness of approximately 5-6 cm. Nitrogen fertilizer and straw composting agent are added simultaneously. Fine soil is then backfilled and compacted to form shallow burial trenches. Nitrogen fertilizer application includes: For corn straw areas, 20 kg / mu of pure nitrogen is added based on a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 60-70. When burying straw, approximately 1 kg / mu of straw composting agent is evenly applied on top. The straw composting agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, yeast, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphorus-potassium activating bacteria. When backfilling with fine soil, the backfill layer should be about 5cm thick, lightly compacted, with the compaction degree controlled at 85-90%.

[0040] (4) Ridging: Ridges are made above the straw burial area, with a ridge height of 12-18cm and a ridge spacing of 50-70cm; the flatness of the ridge surface is controlled within ±2cm, and the slope of the ridge sides is 30°-45°.

[0041] (5) Install drip irrigation system: Lay drip irrigation tape along the center line of the ridge. The drip irrigation tape is a pressure-compensated drip irrigation tape with a dripper flow rate of 3L / h. The dripper spacing is determined according to the crop planting spacing.

[0042] (6) Mulching and sowing: Cover the mulch film tightly against the surface of the ridge, ensuring a close bond between the mulch film and the soil. Tamp the edges firmly and set up soil-pressing strips every 4 meters to prevent wind damage. Sow seeds by punching holes in the mulch film according to the crop planting requirements. The preferred mulch film is 0.01mm thick polyethylene mulch film or biodegradable mulch film with a width of 70cm.

[0043] (7) Furrow straw mulching: Long-segmented straw is laid in the furrow as a mulching layer. The weight of the corn stalks used for mulching is 120 kg, the thickness of the mulch is 3-5 cm, and the coverage rate reaches 90%. The straw mulch layer is kept 5-10 cm away from the edge of the ridge to avoid affecting the drip irrigation effect.

[0044] (8) During different planting seasons from the first year after sowing to the third year before sowing, no-till / reduced tillage measures should be adopted, and the straw mulch, plastic film, and drip irrigation system should be maintained. At the same time, the straw should be harvested and stored after each planting season. When maintaining the straw mulch, the furrows should be covered with straw to maintain a thickness of 4 cm. When maintaining the drip irrigation tape, the integrity of the drip irrigation tape should be checked, the drippers should be cleaned, and the water output should be ensured to be uniform; the pipeline connections should be checked, and aging parts should be replaced in time.

[0045] (9) Starting in the spring of the third year, repeat steps (1) to (8) to form a "two-year cycle" rotation and burial pattern to achieve sustainable soil improvement. In step (2), the tillage process requires thorough mixing of the decomposed straw with the soil, reaching the plow pan. Regular agronomic management is required, including regular fertilization and pest and disease control.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A planting method for dryland straw layering and drip irrigation under mulch for multi-stage water storage and erosion reduction, taking soybean straw as an example, includes:

[0048] (1) Straw selection and cutting: Use a straw cutter to process soybean straw into short and long segments. The moisture content of the soybean straw should be controlled at 12-15% to ensure easy storage and subsequent processing. The short segments should be 10cm long and the long segments should be 40cm long. The recommended total amount of soybean straw to be applied is 800kg per acre.

[0049] (2) Tilling the land and digging trenches: Before sowing in the spring of the year, use a tiller to till the land to a depth of about 30cm. In the pre-set ridge planting area, dig deep straw burial trenches along the contour line, with a depth of about 30cm and a width of about 45cm.

[0050] (3) Layered Straw Laying: Long-section straw is evenly placed in strips in deep burial trenches. The weight of long soybean straw in deep burial is approximately 480 kg per mu (667 square meters), with a thickness of approximately 9-10 cm. Nitrogen fertilizer and straw decomposing agent are added simultaneously. Fine soil is then backfilled and compacted to form deep burial trenches. Short-section straw is laid in shallow burial trenches. The weight of short soybean straw in shallow burial is approximately 240 kg per mu (667 square meters), with a thickness of approximately 5-6 cm. Nitrogen fertilizer and straw decomposing agent are added simultaneously. Fine soil is then backfilled and compacted to form shallow burial trenches. Nitrogen fertilizer application includes: Soybean straw area: Based on a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30, no additional nitrogen fertilizer is required. When burying straw, approximately 1 kg / mu of straw decomposing agent is evenly applied on top. The straw decomposing agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, yeast, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphorus-potassium activating bacteria. When backfilling with fine soil, the backfill layer should be about 5cm thick, lightly compacted, with the compaction degree controlled at 85-90%.

[0051] (4) Ridging: Ridges are made above the straw burial area, with a ridge height of 12-18cm and a ridge spacing of 50-70cm; the flatness of the ridge surface is controlled within ±2cm, and the slope of the ridge sides is 30°-45°.

[0052] (5) Install drip irrigation facilities: Lay drip irrigation tape along the center line of the ridge. The drip irrigation tape is a pressure-compensated drip irrigation tape with a dripper flow rate of 2L / h. The dripper spacing is determined according to the crop planting spacing.

[0053] (6) Mulching and sowing: Cover the mulch film tightly against the surface of the ridge, ensuring a close bond between the mulch film and the soil. Tamp the edges firmly and set up soil-pressing strips every 3 meters to prevent wind damage. Sow seeds by punching holes in the mulch film according to the crop planting requirements. The preferred mulch film is 0.008mm thick polyethylene mulch film or biodegradable mulch film with a width of 60cm.

[0054] (7) Furrow straw mulching: Lay long-section straw as a mulching layer in the furrows. The recommended weight of soybean straw mulching is 80 kg per mu, with a mulching thickness of 3-5 cm and a coverage rate of 85-95%. The straw mulching layer should be kept 5-10 cm away from the edge of the ridge to avoid affecting the drip irrigation effect.

[0055] (8) During different planting seasons from the first year after sowing to the third year before sowing, no-till / reduced tillage measures should be adopted, and the straw mulch, plastic film, and drip irrigation system should be maintained. At the same time, the straw should be harvested and stored after each planting season. When maintaining the straw mulch, the furrows should be covered with straw to maintain a thickness of 3-5 cm. When maintaining the drip irrigation tape, the integrity of the drip irrigation tape should be checked, the drippers should be cleaned, and the water output should be ensured to be uniform; the pipeline connections should be checked, and aging parts should be replaced in time.

[0056] (9) Starting in the spring of the third year, repeat steps (1) to (8) to form a "two-year cycle" rotation and burial pattern to achieve sustainable soil improvement. In step (2), the tillage process requires thorough mixing of the decomposed straw with the soil, reaching the plow pan. Regular agronomic management is required, including regular fertilization and pest and disease control.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A planting method for dryland straw layering and drip irrigation under mulch for multi-stage water storage and erosion reduction includes:

[0059] (1) Straw selection and cutting: Use a wheat straw cutter to process the straw into short and long segments. The straw moisture content should be controlled at 12-15% to ensure easy storage and subsequent processing. The short segments should be 20cm long and the long segments should be 50cm long. The recommended total amount of wheat straw to be applied is 800kg per acre.

[0060] (2) Tilling the land and digging trenches: Before sowing in the spring of the year, use a tiller to till the land to a depth of about 40cm. In the pre-set ridge planting area, dig deep straw burial trenches along the contour line, with a depth of about 30cm and a width of about 45cm.

[0061] (3) Layered Straw Laying: Long-section straw is evenly placed in strips in deep burial trenches, with a weight of approximately 480 kg of long wheat straw per mu (667 square meters) and a thickness of approximately 9-10 cm. Nitrogen fertilizer and straw composting agent are added simultaneously. Fine soil is then backfilled and compacted to form deep burial trenches. Short-section straw is laid in shallow burial trenches, with a weight of approximately 240 kg of short wheat straw per mu and a thickness of approximately 5-6 cm. Nitrogen fertilizer and straw composting agent are added simultaneously. Fine soil is then backfilled and compacted to form shallow burial trenches. Nitrogen fertilizer application includes: For wheat straw, based on a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 80-100, 16 kg / mu of pure nitrogen is added. When burying straw, approximately 1.2 kg / mu of straw composting agent is evenly applied on top. The straw composting agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, yeast, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphorus-potassium activating bacteria. When backfilling with fine soil, the backfill layer should be about 5cm thick, lightly compacted, with the compaction degree controlled at 85-90%.

[0062] (4) Ridging: Ridges are made above the straw burial area, with a ridge height of 12-18cm and a ridge spacing of 50-70cm; the flatness of the ridge surface is controlled within ±2cm, and the slope of the ridge sides is 30°-45°.

[0063] (5) Install drip irrigation facilities: Lay drip irrigation tape along the center line of the ridge. The drip irrigation tape is a pressure-compensated drip irrigation tape with a dripper flow rate of 2-4 L / h. The dripper spacing is determined according to the crop planting spacing.

[0064] (6) Mulching and sowing: Cover the mulch film tightly against the surface of the ridge, ensuring that the mulch film is in close contact with the soil and that the edges are compacted. Set up soil-pressing strips every 3 to 5 meters to prevent wind damage. Sow seeds by punching holes in the mulch film according to the crop planting requirements. The preferred mulch film is polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.008 to 0.012 mm or biodegradable mulch film with a width of 60 to 80 cm.

[0065] (7) Furrow straw mulching: Lay long-section straw as a mulching layer in the furrows. The recommended weight of wheat straw mulching is 80 kg per mu, with a mulching thickness of 3-5 cm and a coverage rate of 85-95%. The straw mulching layer should be kept 5-10 cm away from the edge of the ridge to avoid affecting the drip irrigation effect.

[0066] (8) During different planting seasons from the first year after sowing to the third year before sowing, no-till / reduced tillage measures should be adopted, and the straw mulch, plastic film, and drip irrigation system should be maintained. At the same time, the straw should be harvested and stored after each planting season. When maintaining the straw mulch, the furrows should be covered with straw to maintain a thickness of 3-5 cm. When maintaining the drip irrigation tape, the integrity of the drip irrigation tape should be checked, the drippers should be cleaned, and the water output should be ensured to be uniform; the pipeline connections should be checked, and aging parts should be replaced in time.

[0067] (9) Starting in the spring of the third year, repeat steps (1) to (8) to form a "two-year cycle" rotation and burial pattern to achieve sustainable soil improvement. In step (2), the tillage process requires thorough mixing of the decomposed straw with the soil, reaching the plow pan. Regular agronomic management is required, including regular fertilization and pest and disease control.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] A planting method for dryland straw layering and drip irrigation under mulch for multi-stage water storage and erosion reduction includes:

[0070] (1) Straw selection and cutting: Use a straw cutter to process sorghum straw into short and long segments. The straw moisture content should be controlled at 12-15% to ensure easy storage and subsequent processing. The short segments should be 10-20 cm long, and the long segments should be 40-50 cm long. The recommended application rate of sorghum straw is 1000 kg per mu.

[0071] (2) Tilling the land and digging trenches: Before sowing in the spring of the year, use a tiller to till the land to a depth of about 30-40cm. In the pre-set ridge planting area, dig deep straw burial trenches along the contour line, with a depth of about 30cm and a width of about 45cm.

[0072] (3) Layered Straw Laying: Long-section sorghum stalks are evenly placed in strips in deep burial trenches. The weight of long sorghum stalks buried in deep burial trenches is approximately 600 kg per mu (667 square meters), with a thickness of approximately 9-10 cm. Nitrogen fertilizer and straw composting agent are added simultaneously. Fine soil is then backfilled and compacted to form deep burial trenches. Short-section sorghum stalks are laid in shallow burial trenches. The weight of short sorghum stalks buried in shallow burial trenches is approximately 300 kg per mu (667 square meters), with a thickness of approximately 5-6 cm. Nitrogen fertilizer and straw composting agent are added simultaneously. Fine soil is then backfilled and compacted to form deep burial trenches. Nitrogen fertilizer application includes: For sorghum stalks, based on a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 70-80, 25 kg / mu of pure nitrogen is added. When burying the straw, approximately 1.5 kg / mu of straw composting agent is evenly applied on top. The straw composting agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, yeast, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphorus-potassium activating bacteria. When backfilling with fine soil, the backfill layer should be about 5cm thick, lightly compacted, with the compaction degree controlled at 85-90%.

[0073] (4) Ridging: Ridges are made above the straw burial area, with a ridge height of 12-18cm and a ridge spacing of 50-70cm; the flatness of the ridge surface is controlled within ±2cm, and the slope of the ridge sides is 30°-45°.

[0074] (5) Install drip irrigation facilities: Lay drip irrigation tape along the center line of the ridge. The drip irrigation tape is a pressure-compensated drip irrigation tape with a dripper flow rate of 2-4 L / h. The dripper spacing is determined according to the crop planting spacing.

[0075] (6) Mulching and sowing: Cover the mulch film tightly against the surface of the ridge, ensuring that the mulch film is in close contact with the soil and that the edges are compacted. Set up soil-pressing strips every 3 to 5 meters to prevent wind damage. Sow seeds by punching holes in the mulch film according to the crop planting requirements. The preferred mulch film is polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.008 to 0.012 mm or biodegradable mulch film with a width of 60 to 80 cm.

[0076] (7) Furrow straw mulching: Lay long-section straw as a mulching layer in the furrows. The recommended weight of the mulching sorghum straw is 100 kg / mu, the mulching thickness is 3-5 cm, and the coverage rate is 85-95%. The straw mulching layer should be kept 5-10 cm away from the edge of the ridge to avoid affecting the drip irrigation effect.

[0077] (8) During different planting seasons from the first year after sowing to the third year before sowing, no-till / reduced tillage measures should be adopted, and the straw mulch, plastic film, and drip irrigation system should be maintained. At the same time, the straw should be harvested and stored after each planting season. When maintaining the straw mulch, the furrows should be covered with straw to maintain a thickness of 3-5 cm. When maintaining the drip irrigation tape, the integrity of the drip irrigation tape should be checked, the drippers should be cleaned, and the water output should be ensured to be uniform; the pipeline connections should be checked, and aging parts should be replaced in time.

[0078] (9) Starting in the spring of the third year, repeat steps (1) to (8) to form a "two-year cycle" rotation and burial pattern to achieve sustainable soil improvement. In step (2), the tillage process requires thorough mixing of the decomposed straw with the soil, reaching the plow pan. Regular agronomic management is required, including regular fertilization and pest and disease control.

[0079] The present invention has been illustrated through the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above embodiments to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvements to the present invention, equivalent substitutions of individual raw materials in the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting method for dryland straw layering and drip irrigation under film for multi-stage water storage and erosion reduction, comprising: (1) Tilling the land and digging trenches: Before sowing in the spring of the year, use a tiller to till the land to a depth of 30-40cm. In the pre-set ridge planting area, dig deep straw burial trenches along the contour line with a depth of 30±2cm and a width of 45±2cm. (2) Straw layer burial: Deep burial is completed by burying long-section straw in the soil layer of 25-35cm, adding nitrogen fertilizer and straw decomposing agent, backfilling with fine soil and compacting; shallow burial is completed by burying short-section straw in the soil layer of 10-15cm, adding nitrogen fertilizer and straw decomposing agent, backfilling with fine soil and compacting. (3) Ridging: Ridges are made above the straw burial area, with a ridge height of 12-18cm and a ridge spacing of 50-70cm; the flatness of the ridge surface is controlled within ±2cm, and the slope of the two sides of the ridge is 30°-45°. (4) Drip irrigation under film: Cover the ridge with mulch film and lay drip irrigation tape underneath; (5) Furrow straw mulching: Long sections of straw are laid in the furrow as a mulching layer with a thickness of 3-5 cm; (6) No-till or reduced-till measures are adopted in different planting seasons from the first year after sowing to the third year before sowing, and the straw mulch, plastic film and drip irrigation system are maintained. At the same time, the straw is harvested and stored after each planting season. (7) Starting in the spring of the third year, repeat steps (1) to (6) to form a "two-year cycle" rotation burial pattern. In step (1), the tillage process requires the decomposed straw to be fully mixed with the soil, and the mixing depth reaches the bottom of the plow.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: The straw mentioned in step (1) is corn straw or soybean straw, and the straw moisture content is 12-15%.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: The length of the long-segment straw in step (2) is 40-50cm; the length of the short-segment straw is 10-20cm; the recommended application rate of corn straw / soybean straw is 1200kg / 800kg per mu.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: The long straws buried in the deep layer in step (2) are: 720 kg of corn long straws per mu and 480 kg of soybean long straws per mu, with a laying thickness of 9-10 cm; The shallowly buried short straw consists of 360 kg of corn short straw per mu and 240 kg of soybean long straw per mu, with a thickness of 5-6 cm.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: The addition of nitrogen fertilizer in step (2) includes: if corn stalks are used, supplement with 20 kg / mu of pure nitrogen according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 60-70; if soybean stalks are used, no additional nitrogen fertilizer is required according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30. The straw composting agent is added at a rate of 1 kg / mu, and the straw composting agent includes a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, yeast, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphorus-potassium activating bacteria.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: The backfill layer in step (2) is 5±1cm thick and the compaction degree is controlled at 85-90%.

7. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: The drip tape mentioned in step (4) is a pressure-compensated drip tape with a dripper flow rate of 2-4 L / h and the dripper spacing is determined according to the crop planting spacing; The mulch film used for covering is a polyethylene mulch film or a biodegradable mulch film with a thickness of 0.008 to 0.012 mm and a width of 60 to 80 cm.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: The method for laying long-section straw in step (5) is as follows: 120 kg of corn long-section straw per mu, 80 kg of soybean long-section straw per mu, with a coverage rate of 85-95%, and the covering layer is kept 5-10 cm away from the edge of the ridge.

9. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: Step (5) requires regular maintenance of the long-segment straw to maintain a thickness of 3-5 cm.

10. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: Step (6) describes collecting and storing all the straw after harvesting it each quarter, as a source for straw burial and covering in the next cycle.

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