Method for synergistically improving drought tolerance of Chinese chestnut plants through earth surface vegetation coverage and chemical regulation

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for synergistically improving drought tolerance of Chinese chestnut plants through earth surface vegetation coverage and chemical regulation and control, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. According to the method, the drought-enduring grass seeds with shallow root systems are planted between the Chinese chestnut rows and form layered water utilization with the deep-root Chinese chestnuts, so that water and nutrients competed by herbaceous plants and the Chinese chestnuts are reduced; the ultrahigh grass layer is cut and then covers the rhizosphere of the Chinese chestnuts, biological covering soil moisture conservation is achieved, stress of drought to the Chinese chestnuts is reduced, then the composite drought-resistant agent is applied, abscisic acid in the composite drought-resistant agent can induce pore closing, chitosan can enhance the cell membrane stability, polyaspartic acid can promote water absorption of root systems, and the drought resistance of the Chinese chestnuts is improved. The three components synergistically improve the drought resistance of the Chinese chestnuts, meanwhile, the grass layer mowing period and the compound drought-resistant agent spraying period are staggered from the water demand critical period of the Chinese chestnuts, long-acting drought resistance of the Chinese chestnuts is achieved, negative influences on growth of the Chinese chestnuts and the soil environment are avoided, finally, the irrigation amount is reduced by 50% or above under the moderate drought condition of the Chinese chestnuts, and the yield is increased by 18-25%; the obvious ecological and economic benefits are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a method for synergistically improving the drought resistance of chestnut plants through surface vegetation cover and chemical regulation. Background Technology

[0002] Chestnuts, as an important economic crop, possess extremely high economic value and ecological significance. Their fruits are rich in starch, protein, vitamins, and other nutrients, and can be eaten directly or processed into various foods and health products, making them very popular with consumers. Furthermore, chestnut wood is hard and has high economic value, used in construction, furniture manufacturing, and many other fields. However, chestnut growth is highly susceptible to drought stress. Drought leads to insufficient soil moisture, preventing the chestnut roots from properly absorbing water and nutrients, thus affecting photosynthesis and growth. Under drought conditions, chestnut leaves wilt, yellow, and may even fall off; fruit yield and quality also decline significantly, and in severe cases, it can even lead to plant death, causing huge economic losses for growers.

[0003] To address drought stress during chestnut growth, common methods include mulching and spraying drought-resistant agents. Mulching is a widely used method. By laying mulch around chestnut trees, soil moisture evaporation can be reduced to some extent, maintaining soil moisture and providing a relatively stable water environment for chestnut growth. However, this method also has significant limitations. While mulching can retain water, it also hinders soil aeration, leading to a decrease in soil oxygen content, affecting root respiration and growth. Long-term use may also cause soil compaction, negatively impacting chestnut growth. Spraying drought-resistant agents forms a protective film on the plant surface, reducing transpiration from leaves and thus minimizing water loss. However, this method also has drawbacks. When used alone, drought-resistant agents often have a short-lived effect, rapidly diminishing their drought-resistant properties once environmental conditions change. Furthermore, long-term use of chemical agents may have potential negative impacts on the soil environment and chestnut quality.

[0004] Besides the two methods mentioned above, surface-planting grass technology has also been applied to drought-resistant management in chestnut orchards. Surface-planting grass involves planting herbaceous plants between rows of chestnut trees. The root systems of these herbaceous plants can improve soil structure and aeration, increase soil organic matter content, and thus enhance soil water retention and fertility. However, this method also has certain drawbacks. While surface-planting grass can improve the soil environment, the herbaceous plants compete with chestnut trees for water and nutrients during their growth, especially under drought conditions. This competition may be more pronounced, negatively impacting chestnut growth.

[0005] In summary, current methods for addressing drought stress in chestnut trees, including mulching, application of drought-resistant agents, and surface planting, all have limitations and shortcomings. Therefore, how to combine biological and chemical methods to achieve long-term drought resistance in chestnuts without negatively impacting their growth and the soil environment has become a pressing technical challenge in chestnut cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for synergistically enhancing the drought resistance of chestnut plants through ground vegetation cover and chemical regulation.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention provides a method for synergistically enhancing the drought resistance of chestnut plants through ground cover and chemical regulation, comprising: planting shallow-rooted drought-resistant grasses between chestnut rows to form a grass belt; dynamically regulating the grass layer height, and mowing any excessively tall grasses to cover the chestnut root zone; and spraying a composite drought-resistant agent composed of abscisic acid (ABA), chitosan, and polyaspartic acid during drought warning periods.

[0009] Technical Principle: This invention utilizes shallow-rooted drought-resistant grasses planted between chestnut rows to create a stratified water utilization system with the deep-rooted chestnuts, reducing competition for water and nutrients between the herbaceous plants and chestnuts. By mowing the tall grass and covering the chestnut root zone, biological mulch is used to conserve moisture and reduce drought stress on the chestnuts. Combined with the application of a compound drought-resistant agent, which contains abscisic acid to induce stomatal closure, chitosan to enhance cell membrane stability, and polyaspartic acid to promote root water absorption, the three components synergistically enhance the drought resistance of chestnuts. Furthermore, by staggering the grass mowing and compound drought-resistant agent application periods with the critical water requirement period of chestnuts, long-term drought resistance is achieved without negatively impacting their growth or the soil environment. Ultimately, this results in a reduction of irrigation by more than 50% and a yield increase of 18-25% under moderate drought conditions, demonstrating significant ecological and economic benefits.

[0010] Furthermore, the shallow-rooted drought-resistant grass species is selected from white clover and / or mousegrass species.

[0011] Furthermore, the planting density of the shallow-rooted drought-resistant grass species is 15-20 g / m². 2 .

[0012] Furthermore, the width of the grass strip is 50-70% of the chestnut tree canopy projection.

[0013] Furthermore, the height of the grass layer is controlled at 15-20cm.

[0014] Furthermore, the process of dynamically adjusting the grass layer height and covering the chestnut root zone with an excessively tall grass layer after mowing is as follows: when the grass layer height exceeds 15-20cm, it is mowed and then covered with the chestnut root zone; mowing is stopped 30-35 days before the rainy season to form a natural dead grass layer.

[0015] Furthermore, the drought warning period is defined as a soil moisture content ≤ 60% of field capacity.

[0016] Furthermore, the concentration of abscisic acid in the composite drought-resistant agent is 0.08-0.12 mmol / L, the concentration of chitosan is 40-60 mg / L, and the mass concentration of polyaspartic acid is 0.03-0.07%.

[0017] Furthermore, the compound drought-resistant agent is applied by spraying 200-300 mL onto the leaves of each plant twice, with an interval of 10-15 days between applications.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0019] This invention achieves long-term drought resistance in chestnuts through a dual approach of "biological mulching for moisture retention + chemical induction for drought resistance" without negatively impacting their growth or the soil environment. Ultimately, it reduces irrigation by more than 50% and increases yield by 18-25% under moderate drought conditions, demonstrating significant ecological and economic benefits.

[0020] This invention enhances the drought resistance of chestnut plants through three aspects: spatial complementarity, temporal synergy, and chemical enhancement. Spatial complementarity: shallow-rooted grasses and deep-rooted chestnuts form a water stratification system, reducing competition. Temporal synergy: the grass cutting period and chemical spraying period are staggered with the critical water requirement period of chestnuts. Chemical enhancement: abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomatal closure, chitosan enhances cell membrane stability, and polyaspartic acid promotes root water absorption. The three components work synergistically to enhance drought resistance. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0023] This invention provides a method for synergistically enhancing the drought resistance of chestnut plants through ground cover and chemical regulation, including: planting shallow-rooted drought-resistant grasses between chestnut rows to form a grass belt; dynamically controlling the grass layer height, and mowing any excessively tall grass layers to cover the chestnut root zone; and spraying a composite drought-resistant agent composed of abscisic acid, chitosan, and polyaspartic acid during drought warning periods.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the chestnut is a chestnut tree.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the shallow-rooted drought-resistant grass species is selected from white clover and / or gnaphalium affine. This invention selects shallow-rooted, low-transpiration drought-resistant grass species for planting between chestnut rows, enabling water stratification between the grasses and deep-rooted chestnuts, reducing competition for water and nutrients between herbaceous plants and chestnuts, and avoiding adverse effects of herbaceous plants on chestnut growth.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the planting density of the shallow-rooted drought-resistant grass species is 15-20 g / m². 2 Further preferred is 15-18 g / m 2 Reasonable planting density can improve soil structure and fertility, and increase water use efficiency, while excessively high planting density may lead to water competition, which will have an adverse effect on chestnut growth.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the shallow-rooted drought-resistant grass species are planted from mid-late spring to early summer.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, shallow-rooted drought-resistant grass seeds are planted, covered with 1-2 cm of soil, and thoroughly watered.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the width of the grass strip is 50-70% of the chestnut tree canopy projection, more preferably 50-60%. This invention ensures that the chestnut tree receives sufficient light and water by controlling the width of the grass strip.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the height of the grass layer is controlled at 15-20 cm, more preferably 15-18 cm. This invention, by cutting grass layers exceeding 15-20 cm in height, avoids the critical water requirement period for chestnuts, thereby ensuring the growth, fruiting, and yield of chestnuts.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the process of dynamically controlling the grass layer height and covering the chestnut root zone with excessively tall grass after mowing is as follows: when the grass layer height exceeds 15-20 cm, it is mowed and then used to cover the chestnut root zone; mowing is stopped 30-35 days before the rainy season to form a natural dead grass layer. This invention achieves biological mulch to conserve moisture and reduce drought stress on chestnuts by mowing grass layers exceeding 15-20 cm in height and then covering them with grass around the chestnut root zone, while stopping mowing 30-35 days before the rainy season to form a natural dead grass layer to inhibit soil evaporation.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the drought warning period is when the soil moisture content is ≤ 60% of the field capacity. This invention involves spraying a compound drought-resistant agent when the soil moisture content is ≤ 60% of the field capacity, thus avoiding the critical water requirement period for chestnuts and ensuring their growth, fruiting, and yield.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of abscisic acid in the composite drought-resistant agent is 0.08-0.12 mmol / L, more preferably 0.08-0.1 mmol / L; the concentration of chitosan is 40-60 mg / L, more preferably 40-50 mg / L; and the mass concentration of polyaspartic acid is 0.03-0.07%, more preferably 0.03-0.05%. The abscisic acid in the composite drought-resistant agent can induce stomatal closure, chitosan can enhance cell membrane stability, and polyaspartic acid can promote root water absorption; the three components synergistically enhance the drought resistance of chestnuts.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the compound drought-resistant agent is applied by spraying 200-300 mL onto the leaves of each plant twice, with an interval of 10-15 days between applications.

[0035] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in the embodiments of this invention were purchased through commercial channels.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A method for synergistically enhancing the drought resistance of chestnut plants through ground cover and chemical regulation, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0038] At the chestnut experimental base in Linyi, Shandong (soil moisture content 8%), white clover seeds were sown in rows between chestnut trees from mid-late spring to early summer at a rate of 18 g / m². 2 After sowing, cover with 1-2cm of soil and water thoroughly to form a 1.2m wide grass strip (the tree canopy projection is 2m, that is, the width of the grass strip is 60% of the chestnut tree canopy projection).

[0039] When the grass layer is more than 18cm high, it should be cut and used to cover the base of the chestnut trees. Cutting should be stopped 30 days before the rainy season to form a natural layer of dead grass.

[0040] When the soil moisture content reaches 58%, spray a compound drought-resistant agent consisting of 0.1 mmol / L abscisic acid (ABA), 50 mg / L chitosan and 0.05 wt% polyaspartic acid. Spray 200 mL on the leaves of each plant, and spray twice, with an interval of 10 days between applications.

[0041] Comparative Example 1

[0042] A traditional method for irrigating chestnut plants, with the following specific steps:

[0043] At the chestnut experimental base in Linyi, Shandong (soil moisture content of 8%), irrigation was carried out from mid-late spring to early summer. The amount of irrigation was based on the soil moisture content reaching 50-60%, and the irrigation method was drip irrigation, with irrigation once every 12-15 days.

[0044] Thirty leaves were randomly selected from chestnut trees treated in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, respectively. The relative water content of the leaves was tested using the saturated weighing method, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was tested using the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The average values ​​of the relative water content and MDA content of the leaves in each treatment group were calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1. The fruit set rate of each treatment group was calculated during the fruiting period, and the yield of each treatment group was calculated during the maturity period, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1

[0046]

[0047] As can be seen from Table 1, under moderate drought conditions, compared with the treatment method of Comparative Example 1, the relative water content of leaves increased by 27%, the malondialdehyde content decreased by 41%, the fruit setting rate increased by 35%, the irrigation amount decreased by more than 50%, and the yield increased by 25%.

[0048] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for synergistically enhancing the drought resistance of chestnut plants through surface vegetation cover and chemical regulation, characterized in that, include: Shallow-rooted drought-resistant grasses are planted between chestnut rows to form a grass cover; the grass height is dynamically controlled, and the excessively tall grass is cut and used to cover the chestnut root zone; a compound drought-resistant agent composed of abscisic acid, chitosan and polyaspartic acid is sprayed during drought warning periods.

2. The method for synergistically enhancing the drought resistance of chestnut plants through surface vegetation cover and chemical regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shallow-rooted drought-resistant grass species are selected from white clover and / or mousegrass.

3. The method for synergistically enhancing the drought resistance of chestnut plants through surface vegetation cover and chemical regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting density of the shallow-rooted drought-resistant grass species is 15-20 g / m². 2 .

4. The method for synergistically improving the drought resistance of chestnut plants through surface vegetation cover and chemical regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the grass strip is 50-70% of the chestnut tree canopy projection.

5. The method for synergistically enhancing the drought resistance of chestnut plants through surface vegetation cover and chemical regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the grass layer is controlled at 15-20cm.

6. The method for synergistically enhancing the drought resistance of chestnut plants through surface vegetation cover and chemical regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of dynamically adjusting the grass layer height and covering the chestnut root zone after cutting excessively tall grass is as follows: when the grass layer height exceeds 15-20cm, it is cut and then covered at the chestnut root zone; cutting is stopped 30-35 days before the rainy season to form a natural dead grass layer.

7. The method for synergistically enhancing the drought resistance of chestnut plants through surface vegetation cover and chemical regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drought warning period is defined as when the soil moisture content is ≤60% of the field capacity.

8. The method for synergistically enhancing the drought resistance of chestnut plants through surface vegetation cover and chemical regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite drought-resistant agent contains abscisic acid at a concentration of 0.08-0.12 mmol / L, chitosan at a concentration of 40-60 mg / L, and polyaspartic acid at a mass concentration of 0.03-0.07%.

9. The method for synergistically enhancing the drought resistance of chestnut plants through surface vegetation cover and chemical regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound drought-resistant agent is applied by spraying 200-300 mL onto the leaves of each plant twice, with an interval of 10-15 days between applications.

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