Indexable annular blade and design method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cutting tools, and particularly discloses an indexable annular blade and a design method thereof. The indexable annular blade comprises at least three groups of arc-shaped blade sections; the contour line of the cross section of the indexable annular blade is a smooth closed curve formed by sequentially connecting groups of arc-shaped blade sections end to end; each arc-shaped blade section group comprises a first arc-shaped blade section, a connecting line and a second arc-shaped blade section which are fixedly connected in sequence; the arc lengths of the first arc-shaped blade sections are equal and are uniformly distributed, and the arc lengths of the second arc-shaped blade sections are equal and are uniformly distributed; the circle centers of all the first arc-shaped blade sections are collinear, and the circle centers of all the second arc-shaped blade sections are not located on the same straight line. According to the invention, a more stable anti-rotation mechanism can be realized, the indexable blade is ensured to be firmer in the mounting and using processes, and the possibility of loosening is obviously reduced, so that the application reliability of the cutter is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cutting tool technology for machining, and more specifically to indexable ring inserts and their design methods. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machining, turning, milling, boring, and grooving are indispensable processes in the manufacture of parts from metals and other materials. These processes rely on efficient and precise cutting tools to achieve the production of parts with the desired shapes and dimensions. Indexable inserts are widely used in industry due to their versatility and economy.

[0003] Circular indexable inserts are typically made of wear-resistant materials such as carbide or ceramics and have specific radius values ​​(e.g., R4, R5, R6, R8), which determine the effective cutting diameter of the insert (φ8mm, φ10mm, φ12mm, φ16mm, etc.). These circular indexable inserts are widely used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and mold manufacturing, and are suitable for machining materials of various hardnesses (turning, milling, and boring). Furthermore, compared to other indexable inserts such as square, triangular, and rhomboid inserts, circular inserts are ideal for roughing and semi-finishing, especially when larger depths of cut and feed rates are required, and they perform particularly well when dealing with irregular surfaces or when flexible adjustments to cutting (turning, milling, and boring) angles are needed.

[0004] Existing indexable circular inserts are fixed to the cutter body by screws or clamping plates, relying on the mating surfaces of the insert's bottom surface and part of its outer peripheral surface against the corresponding mating surfaces of the cutter body's insert groove. For example... Figure 1 As shown, viewed from different directions in its sub-figures (a) and (b), the cutting edge m is a standard circular ring, with O' as the virtual central axis of the insert, and x represents the arc-shaped back face of the insert. Figure 2 This describes the installation relationship between a circular cutting blade and an existing conventional cutting tool body. The cutting tool body and the cutting blade are connected to form a cutting tool. The mating surfaces of the cutting blade and the cutting tool body are mainly the h-plane and g-plane, and the x-plane and y-plane. Furthermore, the axis OO' of the cutting blade coincides with the axis ee' of the screw hole, and the screw is tightened clockwise. Figure 3 This describes the insert's mounted position on the tool body. In cutting operations (turning, milling, and boring), the insert is locked in the insert groove on the tool body, relying on the friction between the insert and the tool body's contact surfaces and the preload of the screw. If no screw is used, a clamping plate or lever may be employed for locking. In short, the insert is subjected to a locking force. The cutting edge, as the primary contact point with the workpiece, bears a significant cutting force. A portion of the force on the insert is in the opposite direction to the locking force, forming a counteracting force F that balances the insert's mounting force. Figure 3As shown, this force often risks exceeding the locking force, causing relative displacement between the insert and the tool body, leading to loosening and tool breakage, and premature insert failure. Clearly, with inserts like this installed in the tool body, since the flank face of a circular insert is the primary mounting surface and is a pure cylindrical or conical surface, it lacks constraints on the direction of rotation around the OO' axis. During cutting, the insert cannot overcome its tendency to rotate around the OO' axis, resulting in easy loosening and tool breakage, reduced insert life, and decreased cutting performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to provide an indexable ring insert and its design method, which achieves a more stable anti-rotation mechanism. This design ensures that the indexable insert is more secure during installation and use, significantly reducing the possibility of loosening, thereby improving the reliability of tool applications.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The first embodiment, detachably connected to the blade body, includes at least three sets of arc-shaped blade segments; the cross-sectional profile of the indexable annular blade is a smooth closed curve formed by sequentially connecting the beginning and end of each set of arc-shaped blade segments; each set of arc-shaped blade segments includes a first arc-shaped blade segment, a connecting line, and a second arc-shaped blade segment that are fixedly connected in sequence; the arc lengths of the first arc-shaped blade segments in each set are equal and evenly distributed, and the arc lengths of the second arc-shaped blade segments in each set are equal and evenly distributed; the centers of the first arc-shaped blade segments in each set are collinear, and the centers of the second arc-shaped blade segments in each set are not located on the same straight line; the first arc-shaped blade segments in the same set... The radii of the first and second arc-shaped cutting segments are different, as are their corresponding centers. When the indexable annular insert is used for rotary cutting, the process includes: when cutting with the first arc-shaped cutting segment, any segment of the second arc-shaped cutting segment forms a limiting load on the first arc-shaped cutting segment, the limiting load being used to prevent the indexable annular insert from loosening on the cutting tool body; when cutting with the second arc-shaped cutting segment, any segment of the first arc-shaped cutting segment forms a limiting load on the second arc-shaped cutting segment, the limiting load being used to prevent the indexable annular insert from loosening on the cutting tool body.

[0007] Beneficial effects: First, an interlocking structure is formed between the different arc-shaped cutting tool segments, which prevents the indexable annular insert from loosening on the tool body by limiting the load. This design ensures that the insert cannot easily rotate or loosen during cutting, even under cutting forces. Existing circular inserts, due to their perfectly circular structure, are prone to rotating around their center of rotation under cutting forces, leading to loosening or even tool breakage. This solution effectively solves this problem through the interlocking of different arc-shaped cutting tool segments. The interlocking structure makes the insert more secure during installation and use, significantly reducing the possibility of loosening due to cutting forces, thereby improving the reliability of tool application.

[0008] Secondly, it adapts to various cutting needs, simultaneously providing users with a wide range of inserts with different radii. The arc-shaped insert segments of different radii can be selected based on the cutting depth and angle, allowing the inserts to adapt to various cutting scenarios such as roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing. For example, larger radius arc-shaped insert segments are suitable for finishing, while smaller radius segments are suitable for roughing. By rationally designing the arc length and radius of the connecting lines, the inserts can effectively reduce residual cutting material without compromising cutting efficiency, thereby improving the surface finish and quality of the workpiece.

[0009] Furthermore, it improves machining accuracy. The first circular rotary insert includes a first positioning surface, and the second circular rotary insert includes a second positioning surface. These positioning surfaces are composed of different arc-shaped cutting tool segments, which ensures more precise installation of the inserts on the tool body, reduces installation errors, and thus improves machining accuracy. At the same time, by rationally designing the arc length and radius of the connecting lines, the inserts can effectively reduce the amount of cutting residue without reducing cutting efficiency, thereby improving the surface finish and quality of the workpiece.

[0010] Next, the versatility of the cutting inserts is enhanced. Inserts can include both double-sided and single-sided cutting edge structures. A double-sided design allows both sides of the insert to participate in cutting, effectively increasing insert life and reducing tool change frequency. Inserts with different radius designs can meet various cutting needs, further reducing tool change frequency and improving cutting efficiency. For example, a large-radius connecting arc can serve as a finishing edge to improve the surface finish of the workpiece.

[0011] Then, the concentrated stress of the cutting force on other arc-shaped cutter segments that are not involved in the cutting bevel is reduced, thereby improving the service life of the cutting tool. By using a connecting line as a transition between the first and second arc-shaped cutter segments, when any arc-shaped cutter segment is cutting, the cutting stress on the two adjacent arc-shaped cutter segments is reduced due to the connecting line. This ensures that the cutting force is concentrated on the arc-shaped cutter segment that is currently cutting, reducing wear on other arc-shaped cutter segments that are not involved in the cutting.

[0012] Finally, manufacturing and installation are simplified. Despite the multi-arc design of the blade, the overall structure is simple and easily achieved through modern manufacturing processes without significantly increasing manufacturing costs or complexity. At the same time, it reduces tool production costs; by optimizing the blade's geometry and structure, one blade can replace the function of multiple traditional blades of different specifications, reducing tool inventory requirements and procurement costs.

[0013] Preferably, the connecting line is a first connecting arc, which smoothly and tangentially connects to the first arc-shaped blade segment and the second arc-shaped blade segment respectively; the central angle corresponding to the arc length of the first connecting arc is not greater than 5 degrees, and the arc length of the first connecting arc is not more than 10% of the circumference of the first circular rotary blade.

[0014] Preferably, the connecting line is a first connecting arc, which smoothly and tangentially connects to the first arc-shaped blade segment and the second arc-shaped blade segment respectively; the central angle corresponding to the arc length of the first connecting arc is not greater than 5 degrees, and the arc length of the first connecting arc is not more than 10% of the circumference of the first circular rotary blade.

[0015] Beneficial effects: This design maintains the overall compactness of the blade structure while ensuring a smooth tangential connection between the first connecting arc and the first and second arc-shaped blade segments. The smaller arc length and central angle of the connecting arc allow the blade to adjust the cutting angle more flexibly when machining complex-shaped workpieces, while reducing vibration and noise during the cutting process, improving cutting efficiency and machining accuracy, and further enhancing the practicality and reliability of the blade.

[0016] Preferably, the connecting line is a second connecting arc, which is non-tangentially connected to at least one of the first and second arc-shaped knife segments; the arc length of the second connecting arc is not greater than the arc length of the arc-shaped knife segment, and the center of the arc corresponding to the arc is on the same side as the center of the arc corresponding to the arc-shaped knife segment.

[0017] Beneficial Effects: By designing the connecting line as a second connecting arc and employing a non-tangential connection with at least one of the first and second arc-shaped cutting tool segments, the structural stability and cutting performance of the cutting tool are further enhanced. This non-tangential connection design effectively alters the transmission path and distribution of cutting forces, allowing the cutting tool to better resist external forces during cutting and reducing tool loosening or deformation caused by cutting forces. Simultaneously, the arc length of the second connecting arc is designed to be no greater than the arc length of the arc-shaped cutting tool segment, and its center is located on the same side as the center of the arc-shaped cutting tool segment. This layout further optimizes the geometry of the cutting tool, enabling it to adapt to more complex cutting conditions, improving tool life and machining accuracy, and is particularly suitable for high-precision, high-difficulty cutting scenarios.

[0018] Preferably, the first circular rotary blade further includes a first positioning surface, which is composed of a first arc-shaped blade segment and other adjacent groups of second arc-shaped blade segments.

[0019] Beneficial effects: By designing a first positioning surface on the first circular rotary insert, which consists of a first arc-shaped cutter segment and other adjacent groups of second arc-shaped cutter segments, the installation accuracy and stability of the insert on the tool body are further improved. This positioning surface design ensures that the insert is quickly and accurately positioned during installation, reducing insert loosening or cutting deviation caused by installation errors. Simultaneously, utilizing the combination of different arc-shaped cutter segments to form the positioning surface enhances the contact rigidity between the insert and the tool body, improving the insert's vibration resistance and stability during cutting, thereby ensuring machining accuracy and insert lifespan.

[0020] Preferably, the second circular rotary blade further includes a second positioning surface, which is composed of a second arc-shaped blade segment and second arc-shaped blade segments in adjacent other groups.

[0021] Beneficial Effects: By designing a second locating surface on the second circular rotary insert, which consists of a second arc-shaped cutter segment and adjacent sets of second arc-shaped cutter segments, the positioning and mounting structure of the insert is further optimized. This design not only provides an additional positioning reference for the insert, ensuring a more stable and precise installation on the tool body, but also effectively disperses cutting forces, reducing stress concentration during cutting, thereby improving the insert's resistance to loosening and its service life. Simultaneously, the combination of the second arc-shaped cutter segments to form the locating surface enhances the contact area and tightness between the insert and the tool body, further improving the stability and reliability of the insert under complex cutting conditions, providing a strong guarantee for high-precision machining.

[0022] Preferably, the first circular rotary blade includes a double-sided cutting edge structure and a single-sided cutting edge structure. Beneficial Effects: By incorporating both double-sided and single-sided cutting edge structures on the first circular rotary insert, the versatility and applicability of the insert are significantly enhanced. The double-sided cutting edge structure allows both sides of the insert to participate in cutting, effectively increasing insert life and reducing tool change frequency; while the single-sided cutting edge structure can be selected according to different cutting requirements, providing optimized cutting performance for specific machining scenarios. This design not only improves the insert's economy but also enhances its versatility and flexibility in various cutting processes, further expanding the insert's application range.

[0023] Preferably, the back angle of the first circular rotary blade is 0° or not 0°.

[0024] Beneficial Effects: By allowing the clearance angle of the first circular rotary insert to be designed to be 0° or not 0°, a wider range of adaptability to the cutting performance of the insert is provided. When the clearance angle is 0°, the flank face of the insert is perpendicular to the cutting surface, suitable for roughing under high cutting forces, providing stronger cutting edge strength and stability; while the clearance angle design of not being 0° is suitable for finishing, reducing friction during the cutting process, improving cutting efficiency and workpiece surface quality. This flexible clearance angle design allows the insert to be optimized according to different cutting requirements, thereby achieving higher cutting performance and machining accuracy in a variety of machining scenarios, further improving the practicality and economy of the insert.

[0025] Preferably, the blade has a first screw hole, or it does not have a corresponding screw hole.

[0026] Beneficial Effects: By designing the blade to selectively include or omit the first screw hole, diverse options are provided for blade installation. This design flexibility allows the blade to choose the most suitable fixing method based on different cutting conditions and blade body structural requirements. For example, in situations requiring quick blade changes or clamping with a pressure plate, a design without a screw hole can be chosen; while in scenarios requiring a more secure installation, a screw hole can be included for more reliable fixing. This diverse installation method not only improves the applicability and versatility of the blade but also meets the personalized needs of different users, further enhancing the practicality and economy of the blade.

[0027] The second solution is a design method for a repositionable annular blade, used to design the repositionable annular blade described in the first solution, comprising: S1, a blade groove is designed on the blade body for placing the repositionable annular blade, and a first arc surface and a second arc surface are respectively provided on the blade groove, the first arc surface and the second arc surface being used to fit the first arc-shaped blade segment and the second arc-shaped blade segment respectively; S2, a non-adjacent first blade groove positioning surface and a second blade groove positioning surface are provided on the side of the blade groove; the first blade groove positioning surface is used to position the first positioning surface on the repositionable annular blade, and at least one second positioning surface that is not adjacent to the first positioning surface; the second blade groove positioning surface is used to position at least two second positioning surfaces on the repositionable annular blade, and a first positioning surface is spaced between adjacent two second positioning surfaces; S3, a screening connecting line is used to design the connecting line that meets the first screening condition as a polished cutting edge.

[0028] Beneficial Effects: This method, by setting a first and a second arcuate surface in the insert groove, as well as a first insert groove positioning surface and a second insert groove positioning surface, ensures precise installation of the insert on the tool body. This design allows for rapid insertion positioning during installation, reducing insert loosening or cutting deviation caused by installation errors. Simultaneously, by selecting connecting lines and designing them as finishing cutting edges, the cutting performance of the insert is further optimized, improving the surface finish and machining accuracy of the workpiece. Furthermore, this method allows for flexible adjustment of the insert geometry according to different cutting requirements, enabling it to adapt to various complex cutting conditions, thereby improving the insert's versatility and economy.

[0029] The first screening criteria include: Wherein, the radius is r, the step distance is d, and the theoretical residual height is W1. The step distance d is used to characterize the distance between any two connecting lines. The theoretical residual height W1 is used to characterize the amount of residue on the surface of the workpiece after the connecting line is used to process the workpiece based on theory. If the actual residual height W2 is less than the theoretical residual height W1, the connecting line does not meet the first screening condition. If the actual residual height W2 is not less than the theoretical residual height W1, the connecting line meets the first screening condition, and the connection is designed to be used for finishing the cutting edge.

[0030] Beneficial Effects: By introducing the concepts of theoretical and actual residual height, this claim provides a scientific screening criterion for determining whether the connecting wire meets design requirements. This method ensures that the connecting wire effectively reduces the residual amount on the workpiece surface during machining, thereby improving the surface quality of the workpiece. Furthermore, through strict screening conditions, problems such as insert loosening or decreased cutting performance caused by improper connecting wire design can be avoided, further enhancing the reliability and stability of the insert. This screening method based on theoretical and actual residual height provides a scientific basis for insert design, enabling inserts to better meet high-precision cutting requirements in practical applications.

[0031] Beneficial effects of the first option Compared to existing purely circular cutting tools, the first approach provides an indexable toroidal insert with a more stable anti-rotation mechanism. This design ensures the indexable insert is more secure during installation and use, significantly reducing the possibility of loosening and thus improving the reliability of tool applications.

[0032] The tool has a simple and easy-to-implement structure. Although the insert is not a pure cylinder or cone, modern manufacturing processes can easily produce this segmented arc-shaped rotating body, whether through shape machining or direct molding, without adding extra cost or complexity compared to manufacturing traditional pure circular structures. Correspondingly, only two mating surfaces with different arc values ​​are needed in the insert groove on the tool body, which does not significantly increase manufacturing time and difficulty compared to the single arc value mating surface in a typical pure circular insert groove.

[0033] Compared to existing pure circular cutting edge inserts, the inserts in this solution demonstrate greater practicality in real-world applications. Ordinary indexable pure circular cutting edge inserts, due to their geometric limitations, cannot fully utilize all cutting edges during cutting. This solution expands the functionality of the original pure circular cutting edge inserts by redesigning these underutilized edges, retaining the advantages of the original inserts while increasing the possibilities for various cutting applications.

[0034] For example, in rough machining, when the surface geometric accuracy requirements of the workpiece are not high, the minimum distance from any point on the second arc-shaped cutting tool segment to the center of the first arc-shaped cutting tool segment, as designed in this scheme, is between 90% and 99% of the radius of the first arc-shaped cutting tool segment. This ensures that the geometric residual amount on the workpiece surface does not exceed 10%, meaning it has virtually no impact on the rough machining removal effect. Therefore, there is no need to distinguish the cutting positions of the first and second arc-shaped cutting tool segments to achieve the same effect as a pure circular cutting tool with arbitrary cutting edge usage.

[0035] Furthermore, the insert can support applications with specific radius values ​​without requiring the development of new insert specifications with different radius values. Because the cutting edge contains at least two different radius values, it offers broader functionality. For example, instead of a standard R6 insert, the first arc-shaped cutting segment radius can be set to R6, the second arc-shaped cutting segment radius to R8, and a smooth transition arc (connecting line) with a radius of R4 can be designed between the first and second arc-shaped cutting segments. This design allows the insert to meet the cutting requirements of a standard R6 fillet while also providing a convenient choice when R8 or R4 fillets are needed.

[0036] Finally, if a non-smooth transition R50 or R100 connecting arc is designed between the first and second arc-shaped cutting tool segments, this connecting arc cutting edge can perform a finishing and polishing function on the workpiece surface, greatly improving the surface finish and quality. In summary, this multi-arc design of the cutting tool can not only replace the functions of two or three types of cutting tools in the past, but also effectively reduce the user's tool selection costs from an economic perspective. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a circular knife commonly used in the prior art, where sub-figure (a) is a schematic diagram of one orientation and sub-figure (b) is a schematic diagram of another orientation; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shown illustrates the installation relationship between a circular knife and a common knife body. Figure 3 To be Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a circular blade mounted on a blade body; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the circular blade according to the usage principle of Embodiment 1. Figure 5 The second structural schematic diagram of the circular blade according to the usage principle of Embodiment 1 is shown. Sub-figure (a) includes a schematic diagram with a point r1 on the arc, while sub-figure (b) does not show the point r1 in the figure. The two sub-figures can be used as a comparative schematic diagram. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the indexable annular blade of Embodiment 1 (a); Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the residual allowance when machining a workpiece using an indexable ring insert in Example 1. Sub-figure (a) is a schematic diagram of the theoretical residual allowance, and sub-figure (b) is a schematic diagram of the actual residual allowance. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-arc circular double-sided blade with holes, where sub-figures (a), (b), and (c) are schematic diagrams of different orientations. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-arc circular non-perforated double-sided blade structure for an indexable ring blade, wherein sub-figures (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of different orientations. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a single-sided multi-arc perforated blade structure for an indexable ring blade, wherein sub-figures (a), (b), (c), and (d) are schematic diagrams with different orientations. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] In this embodiment, the unit of the radius “R+XX” is mm.

[0040] In specific embodiments, the reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: In each figure, a, a1, a2, and a3 can be represented as the first arc-shaped knife segment of each group; in each figure, a', a1', and a2' can be represented as the first arc-shaped knife segment of each group; in each figure, A, A1, A2, and A3 can be represented as the first arc-shaped knife segment of each group; in each figure, b, b1, b2, and b3 can be represented as the second arc-shaped knife segment of each group; in each figure, b', b1', and b2' can be represented as the second arc-shaped knife segment of each group; in each figure, B, B1, B2, and B3 can be represented as the second arc-shaped knife segment of each group; in each figure, C, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 can be represented as the second arc-shaped knife segment of each group.

[0041] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0042] Example 1 This embodiment provides a repositionable annular blade, such as Figure 8 As shown in sub-figures (a), (b), and (c), this embodiment provides a repositionable annular blade with a multi-arc circular perforated double-sided blade structure.

[0043] Specifically, the indexable annular blade is detachably connected to the blade body. The indexable annular blade includes a first circular rotary blade with three identical arc-shaped blade segments. The cross-sectional profile of the annular blade is a smooth closed curve formed by sequentially connecting the ends of each arc-shaped blade segment group. Each arc-shaped blade segment group includes a first arc-shaped blade segment, a connecting line, and a second arc-shaped blade segment, all fixedly connected in sequence. The radii of the first and second arc-shaped blade segments within the same group are different, as are their corresponding centers. The arc lengths of the first arc-shaped blade segments in each group are equal and evenly distributed, and the arc lengths of the second arc-shaped blade segments in each group are equal and evenly distributed. The centers of the first arc-shaped blade segments in each group are collinear, and the centers of the second arc-shaped blade segments in each group are not located on the same straight line. In one embodiment of this invention, the connecting line is a first connecting arc, which smoothly and tangentially connects to both the first and second arc-shaped blade segments. The central angle corresponding to the arc length of the first connecting arc is no greater than 5 degrees, and the arc length of the first connecting arc is no more than 10% of the circumference of the first circular rotary blade. In another embodiment of this invention, the connecting line is a second connecting arc, which is non-tangentially connected to at least one of the first and second arc-shaped blade segments. The arc length of the second connecting arc is no greater than the arc length of the arc-shaped blade segment, and the center of the arc corresponding to the arc is located on the same side as the center of the arc corresponding to the arc-shaped blade segment.

[0044] Specifically, theoretically, when an indexable ring insert is used for rotary cutting, if the first arc-shaped cutting tool segment is used, any segment of the second arc-shaped cutting tool segment forms a limiting load on the first arc-shaped cutting tool segment. This limiting load is used to prevent the indexable ring insert from loosening on the tool body. In practical use, the technician can select a suitable second arc-shaped cutting tool segment as the limiting load based on the arc length of the first arc-shaped cutting tool segment. Similarly, theoretically, when the first arc-shaped cutting tool segment is used for cutting, any segment of the second arc-shaped cutting tool segment forms a limiting load on the first arc-shaped cutting tool segment. This limiting load is used to prevent the indexable ring insert from loosening on the tool body. In practical use, the technician can select a suitable first arc-shaped cutting tool segment as the limiting load based on the arc length of the second arc-shaped cutting tool segment.

[0045] Specifically, all cutting edges of the blade have a clearance angle of 0°, all flank faces are cylindrical, and the outer edge of the blade end face has two annular cutting edges, one above the other. Figure 8 In the image, only the specific location and style of one circular cutting edge multi-arc is marked. Another one is exactly the same, located on the opposite side of the outer edge of the blade perpendicular to the circular surface. Figure 8 (a) shows that there are four first arc-shaped blade segments A, A1, A2, A3 with the same length and radius on the upper cutting edge line of the blade. Their positions are marked with triangles on the rake face of the blade. These four first arc-shaped blade segments have a common center on the axis OO' of the blade, that is, the centers of the first arc-shaped blade segments are aligned.

[0046] The blade has a first screw hole, making it usable on both sides. The center line of the first screw hole is the blade's axis OO'. There are four second arc-shaped blade segments B, B1, B2, and B3 with the same length and radius on the cutting edge. Their positions are marked with circles on the blade's rake face. The radius of each second arc-shaped blade segment is larger than that of the first arc-shaped blade segment on the blade, and the central angle of a single second arc-shaped blade segment centered at a fixed point on the OO' axis is smaller than the central angle of a single first arc-shaped blade segment. There are eight connecting lines C, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, and C7 with the same length and radius on the cutting edge. These connecting lines are first connecting arcs, smoothly connecting the first and second arc-shaped blade segments. Their radii and arc lengths are smaller than those of the first arc-shaped blade segments. Their positions are marked with bars on the blade's rake face. The middle graphic (b) shows the pattern of the lower cutting edge of the blade, mirroring the various arcs of the upper cutting edge.

[0047] The usage principle of this embodiment First, it is based on the principle of interlocking non-concentric circular arcs.

[0048] When any point on a perfect circular arc rotates around its center, the direction of rotation is the tangential direction of that point. Similarly, a perfectly cylindrical or frustum-shaped cone, when subjected to an external force along its circumference, will tend to rotate around its center because there is no constraint along the tangential direction at any point on the circumference. Even with lateral contact and envelopment, rotation can only be prevented by friction between surfaces. When the tangential force exceeds the friction, the object will experience angular displacement around its centerline. Likewise, with circular cutting tools, when the insert is used to cut a workpiece, the circumferential component of the cutting force causes the insert to tend to rotate around its center of rotation. Since there is no constraint on the circumferential direction of the insert, when the locking force is insufficient to counteract this component of the cutting force, the insert will loosen. Currently, most circular cutting tools utilize this type of insert with a non-rotating periphery.

[0049] The indexable insert described in this embodiment has a near-circular shape. It is a rotating body composed of arc segments with two different radii, where an original single-diameter outer circle is divided. The shape is no longer a pure circle. When this object rotates, regardless of the center of rotation, there will always be a point on an arc segment of the outer circle whose rotation direction is not parallel to its tangent. Utilizing this, when the object tends to rotate, the edges of these two different arcs are fitted together. The arc segment whose rotation direction is not parallel to its tangent effectively restricts the rotation of the entire object, thus preventing it from rotating. (Illustrated with diagrams:) like Figure 4 and 5As shown in sub-figures (a) and (b), both are represented by the cross-section of a repositionable annular blade. The left figure shows a cross-section of an object, circle T, which is a perfect circle with center o. Part of its arc has a common line of contact c with the cross-section of the rigid, stationary body Q. Obviously, when any point on c rotates around the center o, the tangential force F is perpendicular to its radius line, so there is no obstruction in its tangential direction. In the middle figure, the cross-section T' of the rotating object is not marked with the connecting line between the first and second arc-shaped blade segments for ease of description and viewing. Its edge is formed by connecting the first arc-shaped blade segment a and the second arc-shaped blade segment b, the first arc-shaped blade segment a1 and the second arc-shaped blade segment b1, the first arc-shaped blade segment a2 and the second arc-shaped blade segment b2, and the first arc-shaped blade segment a3 and the second arc-shaped blade segment b3 in pairs. The intervals are marked by small line segments inside each arc. Among them, the arcs a, a1, a2, and a3 have the same arc length, their centers are all o', and their radii are all r. Point o' is also the center-symmetric point of the entire rotating blade. Arcs b, b1, b2, and b3 have equal arc lengths and the same radius r1, where r1 > r. Their centers are p, p1, p2, and p3, respectively, all inside the rotating blade. Clearly, these centers do not coincide, nor do they coincide with point o'. The diagram only shows the center p1 corresponding to arc b1. Assuming that the rigid object's stationary section Q' and the rotating blade T' share only lines of contact a and b1, and assuming that the rotating blade T' has a tendency to rotate around center o' due to external forces, and that there is no tangential obstruction at any point on arc a, if a point k on arc b1 wants to rotate around center o', its direction of movement is perpendicular to the line connecting o' and k, and there is no obstruction on arc b1. The direction of movement can only be the tangent of point k, that is, the direction perpendicular to the line connecting the center p1 and point k. Obviously, since o' and p1 are in different positions, there is an angle between the direction of movement of point k and its unobstructed direction, the magnitude of which is equal to ∠o'kp1. Therefore, the rigid body Q' on the outer circumference of arc b1 can prevent point k from rotating around the center o'. Similarly, if the body of revolution T' rotates with p1 as the center, although there is no obstruction in its direction of movement for any point on arc b1, the direction of rotation of any point on arc a is not the same as its tangent. The object Q' on the outer circumference of arc a will still prevent it from rotating. Therefore, from the overall perspective, no matter which center the body of revolution T' rotates around, it will be blocked by the rigid body Q' on a certain arc, making it difficult to rotate.In the right-hand diagram, the cross-section of the rotating body T'' is formed by connecting the first arc-shaped blade segment a' and the second arc-shaped blade segment b', the first arc-shaped blade segment a1' and the second arc-shaped blade segment b1', and the first arc-shaped blade segment a2' and the second arc-shaped blade segment b2' in pairs. The first arc-shaped blade segments a', a1', and a2' have equal arc lengths and radii, and their centers are all ao'. The second arc-shaped blade segments b', b1', and b2' have equal arc lengths and radii, but their radii are larger than those of the first arc-shaped blade segment a'. Clearly, these second arc-shaped blade segments b', b1', b2'... The centers of circles 1' and 2' are located at different positions. The drawing only shows the center point bo' corresponding to b' and the center point bo2' corresponding to b2'. Assuming that the common lines of contact between the rotating body section T'' and the rigid stationary body Q'' are only b' and b2', and assuming that object T'' has a tendency to rotate around bo2', although there is no resistance from object Q'' in the tangential direction of rotation at any point on the second arc-shaped blade segment b2', the direction of displacement at a certain point k' on the arc segment b' is inconsistent with its tangential direction, creating an angle equal to ∠bo'k bo2'. All rigid bodies Q'' will be prevented from rotating outside the arc segment b', and vice versa. Regardless of which center the rotating body tends to rotate around, it will be resisted by resistance from the outer edges of the arcs corresponding to different centers.

[0050] In summary, the principle is to use the different positions of the centers of different arcs in the rotating body to interlock, so that the direction of rotation at a certain arc position is inconsistent with the unobstructed direction, thereby preventing the rotating body from rotating.

[0051] Second, based on the principle of large radius arc polishing.

[0052] Most cutting motions involve the tool rotating relative to the workpiece, removing material in a step-by-step manner. The step speed is the feed rate, which can be understood as the feed per tooth or per revolution. When each step distance is greater than the contact length between the cutting edge and the workpiece, a residual material will be left on the cut surface. This residual material is often the main factor affecting the surface quality of the workpiece. In cutting practices aimed at improving workpiece surface quality, without changing other cutting parameters, it is often necessary to reduce the tool's travel speed in the same direction as the workpiece surface, i.e., reduce the cutting feed rate. This means increasing the fineness of the tool's travel at the same cutting length to remove as much residual material as possible from the workpiece surface. This reduces the surface roughness of the workpiece, which is, of course, a sacrifice of cutting efficiency. If cutting efficiency is not reduced, finishing cutting is a commonly used method in both turning and milling. When using finishing cutting, the feed rate does not need to be reduced, but the premise is that the tool must be equipped with a finishing edge geometry. Theoretically, the finishing edge can be designed as a straight line segment, but to ensure that this straight line is always parallel to the workpiece surface to play a finishing role, it is difficult to achieve straight finishing under various conditions such as precise tool manufacturing, precise installation, precise tool setting, and no micro-displacement of the tool after being subjected to force. Therefore, the finishing edge is usually designed as an arc with a large radius rather than a straight line. The length of the arc does not need to be very long, only greater than the feed per revolution of the tool.

[0053] by Figure 6 , Figure 7 Let me give an example. Figure 6 Let T' represent the cross-section T of the arc-shaped blade, where the edges include a first arc-shaped blade segment a and a second arc-shaped blade segment b, a1 and b1, a2 and b2, a3 and b3, and connecting arcs c, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, and c7, respectively. All arcs are marked with small line segments on their inner sides. This invention allows these connecting arcs c, c1, c2…c7 to be designed as finishing edges according to the intended use of the blade; smaller arc radii are less effective at achieving a finishing effect. Figure 7The sections depicted in the lower two figures represent the residual material on the workpiece surface after cutting with two different arc radius values, with height values ​​w1 and w2 respectively. The distance between each arc is the feed step d. The arc radius in the upper figure is RC1, and in the lower figure it is RC2. Assuming RC2 > RC1, it can be seen that under the same feed step d, the residual height w2 is less than w1. This shows that a larger arc radius leaves less residual material compared to a smaller arc radius, and a larger arc radius can be used to improve the surface quality of the machined workpiece. Let the arc radius be r, the feed step d, and the residual height w. Then, based on the simple Pythagorean theorem and the principle of similar triangles, the mathematical formula can be obtained. For example, with a cutting feed step of d=0.3mm and a tool body radius of r=5mm, the theoretical residual height is w=0.009mm; with a tool body radius of r=15mm, the theoretical residual height is w=0.003mm; and with a tool body radius of r=50mm, the theoretical residual height is w=0.0018mm. This demonstrates the advantages of large-radius circular arc cutting. Figure 6 The left-hand diagram illustrates an example where, assuming the main radius of the cutting edge of the blade in this invention is 6mm, there are eight connecting arc segments with such large radii: c, c1…c7. These segments are non-smoothly connected to the second arc-shaped blade segment. All connecting arcs have a radius of 50mm, and the arc length of each segment is designed to be 0.4mm. Calculations show that the circumference of the blade edge is greater than 37mm. Therefore, the total length of all connecting arcs is 3.2mm, which is less than 10% of the circumference. This type of blade can meet the requirements of using connecting arcs as finishing edges in cutting applications with a step distance of 0.3mm, while ensuring that the arc length is greater than the step distance. Compared to ordinary pure circular blades, this significantly reduces the height of the cutting residue, improves the surface finish of the workpiece, and does not reduce cutting efficiency.

[0054] In summary, such a large arc can be easily and conveniently set on the cutting tool of the present invention, thereby improving the surface machining quality of the workpiece.

[0055] Beneficial effects of this embodiment First, by using the non-concentric arc interlocking principle, the tool segments with different arc radii form an interlocking structure, which effectively prevents the tool from loosening and breaking due to cutting force during the cutting process, and significantly improves the stability and service life of the tool.

[0056] Secondly, the insert is designed with a double-sided cutting edge structure, with all cutting edges having a clearance angle of 0° and a cylindrical flank face. This design enables the insert to perform well in roughing and semi-finishing, adapting to larger depths of cut and feed rates while maintaining high-precision cutting.

[0057] Furthermore, the inserts, with their varying arc radii, can meet diverse cutting needs, reducing tool change frequency and improving cutting efficiency. In addition, the connecting line is designed as a first connecting arc, further optimizing cutting performance and allowing the inserts to better distribute cutting forces and reduce vibration during the cutting process.

[0058] Meanwhile, by rationally designing the arc length and radius of the connecting line, the cutting tool can effectively reduce the amount of cutting residue without reducing cutting efficiency, thereby improving the surface finish and quality of the workpiece.

[0059] Finally, despite the multi-arc design of the blade, the overall structure is simple and easily achieved through modern manufacturing processes, without significantly increasing manufacturing costs or complexity. Meanwhile, the double-sided design and screw hole arrangement make installation and use more convenient, further enhancing its practicality.

[0060] Example 2 Unlike the indexable annular blade with a multi-arc circular perforated double-sided blade structure provided in Embodiment 1, as shown in... Figure 9 As shown in sub-figures (a) and (b), this embodiment provides a multi-arc double-sided blade with a straight hole. The arrangement of the arcs along the cutting edge is exactly the same as in Embodiment 1. The difference is that in this embodiment, the second screw hole is a straight hole, and the central axis OO' of the second screw hole coincides with the central axis of the first arc-shaped blade segment. Furthermore, two planes, D1 and D2, are connected to the second screw hole and can be used as the bottom surface of the blade when mounted in the blade slot. It is evident from the figures that the blade in this example has a total of eight first arc-shaped blade segments and eight second arc-shaped blade segments on both sides of the cutting edge, providing an eight-fold indexing function.

[0061] First, Embodiment Two provides a multi-arc double-sided cutting insert structure with a straight hole. Compared to Embodiment One, its second screw hole is a straight hole, and its central axis is consistent with the central axis of the first arc-shaped cutting insert segment. This design not only retains the high-efficiency cutting performance of the multi-arc cutting edge, but also optimizes the installation method of the insert through the straight hole structure, making it more stable, while reducing installation errors caused by the tilt of the screw hole.

[0062] Secondly, the straight hole design of the insert, combined with the two planes D1 and D2, allows it to be used as the bottom surface for mounting the insert in the insert groove of the tool body. This design significantly enhances the installation stability of the insert on the tool body, reduces the risk of vibration and loosening of the insert during cutting, thereby improving cutting accuracy and insert life.

[0063] Furthermore, the multi-arc cutting edge design of the insert (including a first arc-shaped cutting edge segment, a second arc-shaped cutting edge segment, and a connecting arc) can better disperse cutting forces and reduce stress concentration during the cutting process. At the same time, the large-radius connecting arc can serve as a finishing cutting edge, effectively reducing residual cutting material, improving the surface finish of the workpiece, and further enhancing cutting quality.

[0064] Meanwhile, the cutting edge on both sides of the blade has eight first arc-shaped cutting segments and eight second arc-shaped cutting segments, enabling eight indexing operations. This design allows the blade to index multiple times during use, extending its service life, reducing tool change frequency, and improving cutting efficiency.

[0065] Finally, by rationally designing tool segments with different arc radii, the insert can adapt to various cutting conditions, including roughing and finishing. This versatility allows the insert to perform excellently in different application scenarios, further enhancing its economy and practicality.

[0066] Example 3 Unlike the aforementioned embodiments, as Figure 10 As shown in sub-figures (a), (b), (c), and (d), this embodiment provides a multi-arc circular double-sided blade structure without holes. The arc arrangement of its cutting edge is exactly the same as that of the aforementioned embodiment, and its function is the same. The arcs of the cutting edge are not marked one by one in this figure. The entire blade body has no holes. The two end faces of the blade are D1 and D2, which can be used as the clamping surface and bottom surface of the pressure plate in the blade groove of the blade body. The blade can be indexed and used eight times.

[0067] First, Embodiment 3 provides a multi-arc circular double-sided blade structure without holes. This design makes the blade installation more flexible, eliminating the need to consider screw hole alignment issues, simplifying the installation process, and improving installation efficiency. Simultaneously, the screwless design reduces structural weaknesses of the blade, further enhancing its overall strength and stability.

[0068] Secondly, both end faces (D1 and D2) of the insert can be used as the clamping surface and bottom surface of the pressure plate in the insert groove of the tool body, and the arc arrangement of the cutting edge line is consistent with the aforementioned embodiment, retaining the advantages of the multi-arc design. This design allows both sides of the insert to participate in cutting, increasing the service life of the insert and reducing the frequency of tool replacement.

[0069] Furthermore, through its multi-arc design, the insert can adapt to various cutting requirements, including roughing and finishing. Different radii of arc-shaped cutting segments (first and second arc-shaped segments) can be selected based on the cutting depth and angle, enhancing the insert's versatility and adaptability.

[0070] Moreover, the multi-arc design and double-edged structure of the blade allow one blade to replace the function of multiple traditional blades of different specifications, reducing the need for knife inventory and procurement costs. At the same time, the blade's simple structure makes it easy to manufacture and does not significantly increase production costs.

[0071] Finally, the connecting arc of the cutting tool can be designed as a large-radius finishing edge to improve the surface finish of the workpiece. This design can significantly reduce cutting residue and improve the surface quality of the workpiece without reducing cutting efficiency.

[0072] Example 4 Unlike the previous embodiments, this embodiment provides an indexable cutting tool with a single-sided multi-arc perforated cutting tool structure.

[0073] Specifically, the back angle of the blade edge is not 0°, and the back angle of each blade edge is equal. The blade's flank face is a conical surface, and the edge line is set in exactly the same way as in the aforementioned embodiment, with the same function. The blade is provided with a third screw hole for single-sided use. The bottom surface D can be used as the bottom surface for mounting the blade in the blade slot of the blade body, and the blade can be indexed four times.

[0074] First, Embodiment 4 provides a single-sided multi-arc perforated insert structure with a non-zero rake angle, where the rake angle of each insert is equal, and the flank face is conical. This design allows the insert to better adapt to different cutting angles and depths during cutting while maintaining stable cutting performance, making it particularly suitable for finishing applications.

[0075] Secondly, the multi-arc cutting edge design allows the insert to disperse cutting forces and reduce stress concentration, thereby improving cutting efficiency and machining accuracy. Furthermore, the connecting line section can be designed with a large-radius finishing cutting edge to further enhance the workpiece surface quality.

[0076] Furthermore, the insert features a third screw hole for single-sided use. This design simplifies the installation process, reduces the number of inserts required, and lowers inventory and management costs. The single-sided design of the insert makes it more efficient in specific applications.

[0077] Finally, by optimizing the geometry and structure of the cutting tool, the cutting tool of Example 4 is better able to resist wear and impact during cutting, thereby extending its service life. This not only reduces the frequency of tool replacement but also lowers production costs.

[0078] Example 5 Unlike Embodiment 4, this embodiment provides an indexable cutting tool with a single-sided multi-arc blade structure without holes.

[0079] Specifically, the back angle of the blade edge is not 0°, and the back angle of each blade edge is equal. The back face of the blade is a conical surface, and the edge line setting is exactly the same as in the aforementioned embodiment, with the same function. There are no screw holes on the blade. The upper bottom surface D1 can be used as a clamping surface for the pressure plate during installation, and the lower bottom surface D2 can be used as the mating bottom surface for the blade to be installed in the blade groove of the blade body. The blade can be indexed four times.

[0080] First, Embodiment 5 provides a single-sided, multi-arc, hole-free insert structure with a non-zero rake angle, where the rake angle of each insert is equal, and the flank face is conical. This design allows the insert to better adapt to different cutting angles and depths during cutting while maintaining stable cutting performance, making it particularly suitable for finishing applications.

[0081] Secondly, because the insert does not have screw holes, the overall structure is more complete, reducing stress concentration problems caused by screw holes, thereby improving the insert's strength and impact resistance. This design allows the insert to maintain higher stability under high cutting forces and complex working conditions, extending its service life.

[0082] Furthermore, the upper bottom surface D1 of the blade can be used as a clamping surface for the pressure plate during installation, while the lower bottom surface D2 can be used as the mating bottom surface for the blade to be installed in the blade groove of the blade body. This design not only simplifies the installation process but also reduces the number of blades used, thereby lowering the inventory and management costs of the blades.

[0083] Meanwhile, the connecting line can be designed with a large-radius finishing edge to further improve the surface finish of the workpiece.

[0084] Finally, the multi-arc design of the insert allows it to adapt to various cutting needs, including roughing and finishing. Different radii of arc-shaped cutting segments can be selected based on the depth of cut and angle, enhancing the insert's versatility and adaptability.

[0085] Example 6 Similar to the single-sided multi-arc blade structure provided in Embodiments 4 and 5, the difference lies in the arrangement of the first arc-shaped blade segment, the connecting line, and the second arc-shaped blade segment on the cutting edge line in this embodiment.

[0086] Specifically, the upper cutting edge of the blade has three first arc-shaped cutting segments A, A1, and A2 with the same length and radius. Their positions are marked with triangles on the rake face of the blade. These three first arc-shaped cutting segments share a common center on the blade's axis OO'. The blade is designed with a fourth screw hole for unidirectional use, and the center line of the fourth screw hole is the blade's axis OO'. The cutting edge also has three second arc-shaped cutting segments B, B1, and B2 with the same length and radius. Their positions are marked with circles on the rake face of the blade. The radius of each second arc-shaped cutting segment is greater than the radius of the first arc-shaped cutting segments of the blade, and the central angle of a single second arc-shaped cutting segment centered at a fixed point on the OO' axis is smaller than the central angle of a single first arc-shaped cutting segment. The cutting edge also has six connecting lines C, C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 with the same length and radius. These connecting lines are the second connecting arcs. The second connecting arc connects the first and second arc-shaped blade segments at their ends in a non-smooth manner. The radius of the second connecting arc is larger than that of the first arc-shaped blade segment, while its arc length is smaller than that of the second arc-shaped blade segment. The positions of these connecting arcs are marked with bars on the rake face of the blade. These connecting arcs are designed to create a finishing edge. The entire blade can be indexed three times.

[0087] First, Embodiment Six provides a single-sided multi-arc perforated insert structure. The upper cutting edge of the insert consists of three first arc-shaped cutting segments, three second arc-shaped cutting segments, and six second connecting arcs. This design allows the insert to adapt to various cutting requirements, including roughing and finishing. The first arc-shaped cutting segments are suitable for roughing with a large depth of cut, while the second arc-shaped cutting segments and the second connecting arcs can be used for finishing and polishing, significantly improving the insert's versatility.

[0088] Secondly, the second connecting arc is designed as a finishing edge with a large radius, which significantly reduces cutting residue and improves the surface finish of the workpiece. This design optimizes the surface quality of the workpiece without reducing cutting efficiency.

[0089] Meanwhile, the back angle of the blade is not 0° and the back face is a conical surface. This design further improves the impact resistance and wear resistance of the blade, thereby extending the service life of the blade.

[0090] Next, the insert is designed with a fourth screw hole for unidirectional use, making installation convenient and stable. This design reduces the number of inserts used, lowering inventory and management costs. Simultaneously, the insert's indexability is three times, further improving its economic efficiency.

[0091] Finally, the bottom surface D of the blade can be used as the bottom surface for mounting the blade in the blade slot of the blade body. This design makes the installation of the blade more flexible and can adapt to different blade body structures.

[0092] Example 7 Unlike the aforementioned embodiments, this embodiment provides a design method for a indexable annular insert, used to design the indexable annular insert of any of the foregoing embodiments, comprising: S1. The blade body is designed with a blade groove for holding a repositionable annular blade. The blade groove has a first arc surface and a second arc surface, which are respectively used to fit the first and second arc-shaped blade segments. S2. A first blade groove positioning surface and a second blade groove positioning surface, which are not adjacent, are provided on the side of the blade groove. The first blade groove positioning surface is used to position a first positioning surface on the repositionable annular blade, and at least one second positioning surface that is not adjacent to the first positioning surface. The second blade groove positioning surface is used to position at least two second positioning surfaces on the repositionable annular blade, with a first positioning surface spaced between adjacent second positioning surfaces. S3. A screening connecting line is used to design a polished cutting edge for connecting lines that meet the first screening conditions.

[0093] The first screening criteria include: Wherein, the radius is r, the step distance is d, and the theoretical residual height is W1. The step distance d is used to characterize the distance between any two connecting lines, and the theoretical residual height W1 is used to characterize the amount of residue on the surface of the workpiece after the connecting lines are used to process the workpiece, based on the theory. If the actual residual height W2 is less than the theoretical residual height W1, the connecting line does not meet the first screening condition. If the actual residual height W2 is not less than the theoretical residual height W1, the connecting line meets the first screening condition, and the connection is designed to be used for finishing the cutting edge.

[0094] Beneficial effects of this embodiment First, precise positioning and installation. By setting a first and a second insert groove positioning surface in the insert groove, precise installation of the insert on the tool body is ensured. This positioning design allows the insert to be quickly and accurately aligned, reducing insert loosening or cutting deviation caused by installation errors. Simultaneously, the non-adjacent design of the first and second insert groove positioning surfaces further enhances the stability of the insert on the tool body, preventing displacement of the insert due to vibration or external forces during cutting.

[0095] Secondly, a scientific method for selecting connector wires is provided. By calculating the theoretical and actual residual heights and determining whether the connector wire meets the design requirements based on selection criteria, this method ensures that the connector wire effectively reduces the residual amount on the workpiece surface during machining. Specifically: Calculation of theoretical residual height: Based on the arc radius r and step distance d, the theoretical residual height is calculated. This formula considers the geometric parameters of the tool body and the cutting step distance during the cutting process, providing a theoretical basis for connector wire design. Verification of actual residual height: The residual height is measured or simulated during the cutting process and compared with the theoretical residual height. Only when the actual residual height is not less than the theoretical residual height does the connector wire meet the design requirements. This verification step ensures the effectiveness of the connector wire in practical applications and avoids a decrease in cutting performance due to improper design.

[0096] Next, the surface quality of the workpiece is improved. By selecting suitable connecting lines and designing them as finishing edges, the cutting tool can significantly reduce residual material without reducing cutting efficiency, thus improving the surface finish and quality of the workpiece. Specifically, larger radius connecting lines can better conform to the workpiece surface, reducing vibration and stress concentration during cutting, thereby reducing residual height. For example, when the radius of the connecting line increases from 5mm to 50mm, the theoretical residual height decreases from 0.009mm to 0.0018mm, significantly improving the surface finish of the workpiece. Simultaneously, cutting efficiency is optimized. By rationally designing the arc length and radius of the connecting line, ensuring its length is greater than the cutting step distance, the finishing edge can effectively remove residual material in each cut, thereby improving the surface quality of the workpiece without reducing cutting efficiency.

[0097] Furthermore, it enhances the versatility and economy of cutting inserts. The geometry and connecting lines of the inserts can be flexibly adjusted to meet different cutting requirements. This design approach not only improves the versatility of the inserts, enabling them to adapt to various cutting conditions, but also reduces tool inventory requirements and procurement costs. Specifically: First, it features a multi-functional design. By optimizing the connecting line design, the inserts can simultaneously meet the needs of roughing and finishing. For example, smaller radius arc-shaped cutting segments are suitable for roughing, while larger radius connecting lines can serve as finishing edges for finishing. Second, it reduces tool change frequency. By optimizing the geometry and cutting performance of the inserts, their lifespan is extended, thereby reducing tool change frequency and lowering production costs.

[0098] Finally, the reliability of the cutting inserts is improved. By optimizing the geometry and cutting performance of the inserts, combined with a scientific connection line screening method, the stability, anti-loosening ability, and impact resistance of the inserts during the cutting process are significantly improved. This design not only reduces wear and deformation of the inserts during cutting but also extends their service life, thereby improving the reliability of the inserts.

Claims

1. A repositionable annular blade, detachably connected to the blade body, characterized in that, Includes at least 3 sets of arc-shaped knife segments; The cross-sectional profile of the indexable annular blade is a smooth closed curve formed by connecting the beginning and end of each group of arc-shaped blade segments sequentially; each group of arc-shaped blade segments includes a first arc-shaped blade segment, a connecting line, and a second arc-shaped blade segment that are fixedly connected in sequence. The arc lengths of the first arc-shaped knife segments in each group are equal and evenly distributed, and the arc lengths of the second arc-shaped knife segments in each group are equal and evenly distributed. The centers of the first arc-shaped knife segments in each group are collinear, and the centers of the second arc-shaped knife segments in each group are not located on the same straight line. The first and second arc-shaped knife segments in the same group have different radii and corresponding center points; When the indexable ring insert is used for rotary cutting, the following is included: when cutting with a first arc-shaped cutting tool segment, any segment of a second arc-shaped cutting tool segment forms a limiting load on the first arc-shaped cutting tool segment, the limiting load being used to prevent the indexable ring insert from loosening on the tool body; When cutting with the second arc-shaped cutting tool segment, any segment of the first arc-shaped cutting tool segment forms a limiting load on the second arc-shaped cutting tool segment, the limiting load being used to prevent the indexable annular insert from loosening on the tool body.

2. The indexable annular blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting line is a first connecting arc, which smoothly and tangentially connects to the first arc-shaped blade segment and the second arc-shaped blade segment respectively; The central angle corresponding to the arc length of the first connecting arc is no greater than 5 degrees, and the arc length of the first connecting arc is no more than 10% of the circumference of the first circular rotary blade.

3. The indexable annular blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting line is a second connecting arc, which is non-tangentially connected to at least one of the first and second arc-shaped knife segments. The arc length of the second connecting arc is no greater than the arc length of the arc-shaped knife segment, and the center of the circle corresponding to the arc is on the same side as the center of the circle corresponding to the arc-shaped knife segment.

4. The indexable annular blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first circular rotary blade also includes a first positioning surface, which is composed of a first arc-shaped blade segment and other adjacent groups of second arc-shaped blade segments.

5. The indexable annular blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second circular rotary blade also includes a second positioning surface, which is composed of a second arc-shaped blade segment and adjacent second arc-shaped blade segments from other groups.

6. The indexable annular blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first circular rotary blade includes a double-sided cutting edge structure and a single-sided cutting edge structure.

7. The indexable annular blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blade back angle of the first circular rotary blade is 0° or not 0°.

8. The indexable annular blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blade may or may not have a first screw hole.

9. A design method for an indexable annular insert, characterized in that, For designing any one of the indexable toroidal inserts of claims 1-8, comprising: S1, the blade body is designed with a blade groove for placing an indexable annular blade. The blade groove is provided with a first arc surface and a second arc surface, which are respectively used to fit the first arc-shaped blade segment and the second arc-shaped blade segment. S2, a first blade groove positioning surface and a second blade groove positioning surface that are not adjacent are provided on the side of the blade groove; The first blade groove positioning surface is used to position the first positioning surface on the indexable annular blade, and at least one second positioning surface that is not adjacent to the first positioning surface. The second blade groove positioning surface is used to position at least two second positioning surfaces on the indexable annular blade, and a first positioning surface is spaced between adjacent two second positioning surfaces. S3, screening connection line, is used to design the connection line that meets the first screening condition as a polished blade edge.

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