Airplane door frame part laser cutting device and cutting method

Abstract

The invention provides an aircraft door frame part laser cutting device and method, the device comprises a base, end face positioning and clamping devices, lateral clamping devices and a vacuum pipeline, the base is a base for mounting other elements in a device body, and the end face positioning and clamping devices are mounted at the two ends of the base and used for positioning and clamping the two ends of a door frame part; the lateral clamping device is installed on one side of the base and clamps the side face of a door frame part, and the vacuum pipeline is arranged on the upper surface of the base and adsorbs and fixes the part. The door frame parts of different sizes and specifications are positioned and clamped by adjusting the part end face positioning clamping and lateral clamping device and vacuumizing, adsorbing and fixing the bottoms of the parts, and then high-quality and high-efficiency precise laser cutting machining is conducted on the outline edges of the door frame parts. And the method has universality for precise laser cutting machining of the appearance edges of the U-shaped door frame parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aircraft manufacturing technology, and in particular to a laser cutting device and method for aircraft door frame parts. Background Technology

[0002] In aircraft fuselage structures, door frame-type parts are serialized "U"-shaped structural parts with side flanges that are similar in structure and size. The processing method for these parts is deep drawing. Due to the compensation of the forming process, there is a certain amount of bending allowance at the side flange after the parts are deep drawn.

[0003] Currently, the production quantity of this type of part is relatively large (200 pieces per month). As the last process in the processing of door frame parts, the cutting of its outer edge is carried out by manual scribing and manual cutting. This results in high labor intensity for workers, low work efficiency, and unstable cutting quality of parts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of large-batch production, low production efficiency, and inconsistent quality of manual processing in existing technologies for serialized door frame parts, this application provides a laser cutting device and method for aircraft door frame parts, applicable to laser cutting of the outer edges of various "U"-shaped door frame parts. The technical solution is as follows: A laser cutting device for aircraft door frame parts includes a base, an end-face positioning and clamping device, a lateral clamping device, and a vacuum pipeline. The base is a rectangular plate structure with a working step, a lateral boss, and a guide groove. The working step is a rectangular step in the middle of the upper surface of the base, with the four sides serving as positioning reference surfaces. The lateral boss is an independent, ear-shaped protrusion with a feed threaded hole located on one side of the width of the upper surface of the base. The guide groove is located on the upper surface of the base where it connects with the lateral boss. The end-face positioning and clamping device is installed at both ends of the upper surface of the base along its length. The lateral clamping device is installed in the guide groove via the lateral boss. The vacuum pipeline is located on the base. This device can achieve positioning and clamping of door frame parts of different sizes and specifications, thereby enabling high-quality and efficient precision laser cutting of the outer edges of the door frame parts.

[0005] Furthermore, the end-face positioning clamping device includes a fixed base, an adjustable base, and a clamping device. The fixed base and the adjustable base are symmetrical, thin-walled, three-dimensional concave right-angled shapes with flanges at the bottom. The two concave right-angled surfaces are the side positioning reference surface and the end-face positioning reference surface of the part, respectively. The side wall of the end-face positioning reference surface is provided with a through hole and a clearance groove for installing the clamping device. The fixed base is installed at one end of the upper surface of the base with the working step side of the base as the reference and screws and pins on its bottom flange. The adjustable base can move along the length of the base with the working step side of the base as the reference and is fixed to the other end of the upper surface of the base with screws through the elongated hole on its bottom flange. The clamping device consists of a clamping head, a stepped screw, and a spring. The clamping head is a trapezoidal body with a threaded hole. The stepped screw passes through the spring and is connected to the clamping head. The clamping device is installed on the side wall of the end-face positioning reference surface of the fixed base and the adjustable base, respectively. The end face positioning and clamping device is the initial positioning reference during the cutting and processing of door frame parts. It adopts a fixed and moving base structure to achieve positioning and clamping of door frame parts with different opening sizes and different height specifications.

[0006] Furthermore, the lateral clamping device includes a clamping block and a feeder. The clamping block is a rectangular structure with a guide step at the bottom, an arc-shaped structure on the front approximating the curvature of the side of the door frame part, and a flat back with a threaded blind hole in the middle. It is installed in the guide groove of the base via the guide step. The feeder consists of a top, a plug, a screw, a pin, and a handle. The top is a stepped cylinder with a central hole, placed in the threaded blind hole of the clamping block and restricted from disengaging by the plug. The tail end of the screw mates with the central hole of the top and is connected by a pin. The head end of the screw passes through the feed threaded hole of the lateral boss and connects to the handle. After the door frame part is initially positioned and clamped at both ends, the lateral clamping device, by adjusting the threaded feeder, achieves clamping and fixing of the bottom side of the door frame part, ensuring lateral stability during part cutting.

[0007] Furthermore, the vacuum pipeline consists of a sealing groove, a sealing strip, a vacuum chamber, an extraction port, and an extraction nozzle. The sealing groove is a rectangular, closed groove surrounding the upper surface of the working step on the base. The sealing strip is a circular rubber strip placed within the sealing groove. The vacuum chamber is a network of interconnected rectangular grooves located inside the upper surface of the working step on the base. The extraction port is located on the side of the base and has an extraction nozzle installed thereon, with its other end connected to the vacuum chamber. With the door frame parts accurately positioned around their perimeter, the vacuum pipeline's suction function ensures that the bottom surface of the door frame parts is tightly pressed against the upper surface of the cutting device base, coinciding with the positioning reference, thus guaranteeing precise cutting of the door frame parts.

[0008] Furthermore, the width of the rectangular sealing groove in the vacuum pipeline is equal to the diameter of the sealing strip, and the depth of the sealing groove is equal to 3 / 4 of the diameter of the sealing strip. The cross-sectional shape and dimensions of the vacuum groove are the same as those of the sealing groove. This dimensional design effectively ensures the sealing requirements of the adsorption area necessary during vacuuming.

[0009] On the other hand, a method for cutting door frame parts using the laser cutting device is provided, comprising: The laser cutting device is mounted on the laser cutting machine's work platform via a base. The door frame workpiece is placed on the working step of the base, and positioned and clamped accordingly using the end face positioning and clamping device, the side clamping device, and the vacuum line. The laser cutting machine is started to cut the outer edges of the door frame workpiece, processing it into the required door frame parts.

[0010] The cutting method specifically includes the following steps: 1. Programming the cutting process: Using a CNC laser cutting machine as the processing platform and the digital model of the door frame parts as the basis, program the cutting process for the outer edge of the door frame parts.

[0011] 2. Determine the cutting path: Simulate the laser cutting process of the door frame parts using computer simulation to select the optimal laser cutting path trajectory.

[0012] 3. Install the laser cutting device for aircraft door frame parts: Install the cutting device on the working platform of the laser cutting machine.

[0013] 4. Install and position the parts: Place the door frame workpiece with edge allowance that has passed the shape inspection with its opening facing upward on the working step of the cutting device base, so that its flat side wall and adjacent end face are respectively in contact with the side positioning reference surface and end face positioning reference surface on the fixed base in the end face positioning clamping device.

[0014] 5. Fix and clamp the parts: Connect the vacuum nozzle in the vacuum line to perform vacuum evacuation, so that the bottom of the door frame workpiece is tightly attached to the upper surface of the working step of the base through vacuum adsorption. At the same time, move and adjust the adjustable base in the end face positioning clamping device so that its side positioning reference surface and end face positioning reference surface are attached to the door frame workpiece and then tightened with screws on the bottom flange. Simultaneously, adjust the feeder installed on the side boss of the base in the side clamping device so that the clamping block clamps the bottom side wall of the door frame workpiece. Simultaneously, the clamping device on the fixed base and the adjustable base in the end face positioning clamping device clamps the upper side walls of both ends of the door frame workpiece through the clamping head with the help of the spring force.

[0015] 6. Align the machining datum: Determine the tool setting datum for laser cutting of the door frame parts according to the measured coordinate values ​​of the datum holes on the cutting device.

[0016] 7. Simulate cutting trajectory: Input initial cutting parameters to realistically simulate the laser cutting path trajectory with zero feed.

[0017] 8. Optimize cutting parameters: Based on the simulation results, adjust and optimize the laser cutting parameters and path.

[0018] 9. Cutting and processing parts: Based on the optimized cutting parameters, the outer edges of the door frame components are precisely laser-cut to produce the required door frame parts.

[0019] This application utilizes a fixed base in the end-face positioning and clamping device to ensure the restricted positioning of door frame parts. The adjustable base's displacement adjustment enables clamping of both ends of door frame parts with different opening sizes. The lateral clamping device and the clamping device in the end-face positioning and clamping device enable clamping of the sides of door frame parts with different heights. A vacuum pipeline is used to achieve vacuum adsorption and fixation of the bottom of the door frame parts. After the door frame parts are accurately positioned and clamped, the precise and efficient processing technology of a laser cutting machine is used to ultimately achieve high-quality and high-efficiency precision laser cutting of the outer edges of aircraft door frame parts of different sizes. This technology has universal applicability to the precise laser cutting of the outer edges of "U"-shaped door frame parts. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the door frame components; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the door frame components; Figure 3 A structural diagram of a laser cutting device for aircraft door frame parts; Figure 4 This is a diagram of the base structure. Figure 5 Here is a structural diagram of the end face positioning and clamping device; Figure 6 This is a disassembled diagram of the clamping device structure; Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the lateral clamping device; Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the lateral clamping device. Figure 9 This is a disassembled diagram of the feeder structure; Figure 10 This is a diagram of the internal structure of a vacuum pipeline. The components include: 1. Door frame workpiece; 2. Door frame parts; 3. Base; 4. End face positioning and clamping device; 5. Side clamping device; 6. Vacuum pipeline; 7. Working step; 8. Side boss; 9. Feed threaded hole; 10. Guide groove; 11. Fixed base; 12. Adjustable base; 13. Clamping device; 14. Side positioning reference surface; 15. End face positioning reference surface; 16. Bottom flange; 17. Clamping head; 18. Stepped screw; 19. Spring; 20. Clamping block; 21. Feeder; 22. Guide step; 23. Top head; 24. Plug; 25. Screw; 26. Shaft pin; 27. Handle; 28. Sealing groove; 29. ​​Sealing strip; 30. Vacuum groove; 31. Evacuation hole; 32. Evacuation nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0021] With the mature application of laser technology in aircraft manufacturing, this invention proposes a laser cutting device and method for mechanized processing of door frame parts using laser cutting equipment. This addresses the current problems of large production batches, low production efficiency, and unstable quality of manual processing for serialized door frame parts, thus ensuring the needs of aircraft research and production.

[0022] This invention provides a laser cutting device and method for the outer edge of an aircraft "U"-shaped door frame part. See also: A laser cutting device for an aircraft door frame part. Figure 3 The system includes a base 3, an end-face positioning and clamping device 4, a side clamping device 5, and a vacuum pipeline 6. The base 3 is a rectangular plate structure with a working step 7, a side boss 8, and a guide groove 9. The working step 7 is a rectangular step in the middle of the upper surface of the base 3, and the four sides are positioning reference surfaces. The side boss 8 is an ear-shaped independent protrusion with a feed thread hole 9 on one side of the width direction in the middle of the upper surface of the base 3. The guide groove 10 is located on the upper surface of the base 3 at the connection with the side boss 8. The end-face positioning and clamping device 4 is installed at both ends of the upper surface of the base 3 along its length. The side clamping device 5 is installed in the guide groove 10 through the side boss 8. The vacuum pipeline 6 is located on the base 3.

[0023] Furthermore, the end face positioning and clamping device 4, see... Figure 5 The system includes a fixed base 11, an adjustable base 12, and a clamping device 13. The fixed base 11 and the adjustable base 12 are symmetrical, thin-walled, concave right-angled shapes with flanged bottoms. The two concave right-angled surfaces are the side positioning reference surface 14 and the end positioning reference surface 15 of the door frame part 2, respectively. The side wall of the end positioning reference surface 15 has a through hole and a recess for mounting the clamping device 13. The fixed base 11 is mounted on one end of the upper surface of the base 3 using the side of the working step 7 on the base 3 as a reference, through screws and pins on its bottom flange 16. The adjustable base 12 can move along the length of the base using the side of the working step 7 on the base 3 as a reference, and is fixed to the other end of the upper surface of the base 3 with screws through an elongated hole on its bottom flange 16. The clamping device 13 is described in detail below. Figure 6 It consists of a clamping head 17, a stepped screw 18 and a spring 19. The clamping head 17 is a trapezoidal body with a threaded hole. The stepped screw 18 passes through the spring 19 and is connected to the clamping head 17. The clamping device 13 is installed on the side wall of the end face positioning reference surface 15 of the fixed base 11 and the adjustable base 12 respectively.

[0024] Furthermore, the lateral clamping device 5, see... Figure 7 It includes a clamping block 20 and a feeder 21; the clamping block 20 is a rectangular structure with a guide step 22 at the bottom, the front is an arc-shaped structure with a curvature similar to the side of a door frame part, the back is flat and has a threaded blind hole in the middle, and it is installed in the guide groove of the base 3 through the guide step 22; the feeder 21, see Figure 9It consists of a top head 23, a screw plug 24, a screw rod 25, a shaft pin 26, and a handle 27. The top head 23 is a stepped cylinder with a central hole, which is placed in the threaded blind hole of the clamping block 20 and restricted from coming out by the screw plug 24. The tail end of the screw rod 25 is engaged with the central hole of the top head 23 and connected by the shaft pin 26. The head end of the screw rod 25 passes through the feed thread hole 9 of the lateral boss 8 and is connected to the handle 27.

[0025] Furthermore, vacuum line 6, see Figure 10 It consists of a sealing groove 28, a sealing strip 29, a vacuum groove 30, an air extraction hole 31, and an air extraction nozzle 32. The sealing groove 28 is a rectangular cross-section closed groove that is set around the outer perimeter of the working step 7 of the base 3. The sealing strip 29 is a rubber strip with a circular cross-section that is placed in the sealing groove 28. The vacuum groove 30 is a network of rectangular cross-section grooves that are interconnected inside the working step 7 of the base 3. The air extraction hole 31 is set on the side of the base 3 and an air extraction nozzle 32 is installed thereon, with the other end connected to the vacuum groove 30.

[0026] Furthermore, in the vacuum pipeline 6, the width of the rectangular cross-section sealing groove 28 is equal to the diameter of the sealing strip 29, the depth of the sealing groove 28 is equal to 3 / 4 of the diameter of the sealing strip 29, and the cross-sectional shape and dimensions of the vacuum groove 30 are the same as those of the sealing groove 28.

[0027] The method for cutting door frame part 2 using this laser cutting device includes the following steps: 1. Programming the cutting process: Using a CNC laser cutting machine as the processing platform and the digital model of door frame part 2 as the basis, program the cutting process for the outer edge of door frame part 2.

[0028] 2. Optimize the cutting path: Perform computer laser cutting process simulation analysis on door frame part 2, optimize the laser cutting program, and select the optimal laser cutting path trajectory.

[0029] 3. Install the laser cutting device for aircraft door frame parts: Install the cutting device on the working platform of the laser cutting machine. 4. Install and position the parts: Place the door frame workpiece 1 with edge allowance that has passed the shape inspection with its opening facing upward on the upper surface of the working step 7 of the cutting device base 3, so that its flat side wall and adjacent end face are respectively in contact with the side positioning reference surface 14 and end face positioning reference surface 15 on the fixed base 11 in the end face positioning clamping device 4.

[0030] 5. Fix and clamp the parts: Connect the vacuum nozzle 32 in the vacuum line 6 to perform vacuum extraction, so that the bottom of the door frame workpiece 1 is tightly attached to the upper surface of the working step 7 of the base 3 by vacuum adsorption. At the same time, move and adjust the adjustable base 12 in the end face positioning clamping device 4 so that its side positioning reference surface 14 and end face positioning reference surface 15 are attached to the door frame workpiece 1 and then tightened with screws on the bottom flange 16. Simultaneously, adjust the feeder 21 installed on the side boss 8 of the base 3 in the side clamping device 5 so that the clamping block 20 clamps the bottom side wall of the door frame workpiece 1. Simultaneously, the clamping device 13 on the fixed base 11 and the adjustable base 12 in the end face positioning clamping device 4 clamps the upper side walls of both ends of the door frame workpiece 1 through the clamping head 17 with the help of the spring force of the spring 19.

[0031] 6. Align the machining datum: Determine the tool setting datum for laser cutting of door frame part 2 according to the measured coordinate values ​​of the datum hole on the cutting device.

[0032] 7. Simulate cutting trajectory: Input initial cutting parameters and simulate the laser cutting path trajectory with zero feed. Then, adjust and optimize the laser cutting parameters and path.

[0033] 8. Optimize cutting parameters: Based on the simulation results, adjust and optimize the laser cutting parameters and path.

[0034] 9. Cutting and processing parts: Based on the optimized cutting parameters, the outer edge of the door frame component 1 is precisely laser-cut to produce the required door frame component 2.

[0035] The above description merely illustrates embodiments of the present invention and is quite specific and detailed; however, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, any parts of the present invention not described in detail are conventional techniques.

Claims

1. A laser cutting device for aircraft door frame parts, characterized in that, It includes a base, an end-face positioning and clamping device, a side clamping device, and a vacuum pipeline; the base is a rectangular plate structure with a working step, a side boss, and a guide groove. The working step is a rectangular step in the middle of the upper surface of the base, and the four sides are positioning reference surfaces. The side boss is an independent lug-shaped protrusion with a feed thread hole on one side of the width direction in the middle of the upper surface of the base. The guide groove is located at the connection between the upper surface of the base and the side boss. The end-face positioning and clamping device is installed at both ends of the upper surface of the base along its length. The lateral clamping device is installed in the guide groove via a lateral boss; the vacuum line is set on the base.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end-face positioning and clamping device includes a fixed base, an adjustable base, and a clamping device. The fixed base and the adjustable base are symmetrical, thin-walled, concave right-angled shapes with flanges at the bottom. The two concave right-angled surfaces are the side positioning reference surface and the end-face positioning reference surface of the part, respectively. The side wall of the end-face positioning reference surface is provided with a through hole and a clearance groove for installing the clamping device. The fixed base is installed on one end of the upper surface of the base with the side of the working step on the base as the reference and is installed with screws and pins on its bottom flange. The adjustable base can move along the length of the base with the side of the working step on the base as the reference and is fixed to the other end of the upper surface of the base with screws through the elongated hole on its bottom flange. The clamping device consists of a clamping head, a stepped screw, and a spring. The clamping head is a trapezoidal body with a threaded hole. The stepped screw passes through the spring and is connected to the clamping head. The clamping device is installed on the side wall of the end-face positioning reference surface of the fixed base and the adjustable base, respectively.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lateral clamping device includes a clamping block and a feeder. The clamping block is a rectangular structure with a guide step at the bottom, an arc-shaped front, a flat back, and a threaded blind hole in the middle. It is installed in the guide groove of the base through the guide step. The feeder consists of a top, a screw plug, a screw rod, a shaft pin, and a handle. The top is a stepped cylinder with a central hole. It is placed in the threaded blind hole of the clamping block and its release is restricted by the screw plug. The tail end of the screw rod mates with the central hole of the top and is connected by a shaft pin. The head end of the screw rod passes through the feed threaded hole of the lateral boss and is connected to the handle.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vacuum tube consists of a sealing groove, a sealing strip, a vacuum groove, an extraction hole, and an extraction nozzle. The sealing groove is a rectangular cross-section closed groove arranged around the perimeter of the upper surface of the working step of the base. The sealing strip is a circular rubber strip placed in the sealing groove. The vacuum groove is a network of interconnected rectangular cross-section grooves arranged inside the upper surface of the working step of the base. The extraction hole is located on the side of the base and is equipped with an extraction nozzle, with the other end connected to the vacuum groove.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the vacuum pipeline, the width of the rectangular cross-section sealing groove is equal to the diameter of the sealing strip, the depth of the sealing groove is equal to 3 / 4 of the diameter of the sealing strip, and the cross-sectional shape and dimensions of the vacuum groove are the same as those of the sealing groove.

6. A laser cutting method for aircraft door frame parts, characterized in that, The method, used in the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprises: The laser cutting device is mounted on the working platform of the laser cutting machine via a base. The door frame workpiece is placed on the working step of the base and positioned and clamped accordingly by the end face positioning clamping device, the side clamping device and the vacuum pipeline. The laser cutting machine is started to cut the outer edge of the door frame workpiece to process it into the required door frame parts.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method specifically includes the following steps: 7-1. Install the laser cutting device for aircraft door frame parts: Install the cutting device on the working platform of the laser cutting machine. 7-2. Install and position the parts: Place the door frame workpiece with edge allowance that has passed the shape inspection with its opening facing upward on the working step of the cutting device base, so that its flat side wall and adjacent end face are respectively in contact with the side positioning reference surface and end face positioning reference surface on the fixed base in the end face positioning clamping device. 7-3. Fixing and clamping the parts: Connect the vacuum nozzle in the vacuum line to perform vacuum evacuation, so that the bottom of the door frame workpiece is tightly attached to the upper surface of the working step of the base through vacuum adsorption. At the same time, move and adjust the adjustable base in the end face positioning clamping device so that its side positioning reference surface and end face positioning reference surface are attached to the door frame workpiece and then tightened with screws on the bottom flange. Simultaneously, adjust the feeder installed on the side boss of the base in the side clamping device so that the clamping block clamps the bottom side wall of the door frame workpiece. Simultaneously, the clamping devices on the fixed base and the adjustable base in the end face positioning clamping device use the spring force to clamp the upper side walls of both ends of the door frame workpiece through the clamping head. 7-4. Align the machining datum: Determine the tool setting datum for laser cutting of the door frame parts according to the measured coordinate values ​​of the datum holes on the cutting device. 7-5. Cutting and processing parts: Based on the optimized cutting parameters, the outer edges of the door frame components are precisely laser-cut to produce the required door frame parts.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Before installing the laser cutting device for aircraft door frame parts, the method further includes: 8-1. Programming the cutting process: Using a CNC laser cutting machine as the processing platform and the digital model of the door frame parts as the basis, program the cutting process for the outer edge of the door frame parts. 8-2. Determine the cutting path: Simulate the laser cutting process of the door frame parts using computer simulation to select the optimal laser cutting path trajectory.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Before cutting and machining the parts, the method further includes: 9-1. Simulate Cutting Trajectory: Input initial cutting parameters to realistically simulate the laser cutting path trajectory with zero feed. 9-2. Optimize cutting parameters: Based on the simulation results, adjust and optimize the laser cutting parameters and path.

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