Solar multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system, and belongs to the technical field of solar photo-thermal and wastewater treatment. The problems that in industrial high-salinity wastewater treatment, solar heat supply efficiency is low, exhaust energy consumption is high, and heat energy recycling is insufficient are solved. According to the technical key points, the system comprises a heliostat group, a solar absorber, a heat collection tower, a high-temperature heat storage tank, a low-temperature heat storage tank, a pump, a heater, an ejector, a wastewater concentration heater, a gas-liquid separator, a vertical condenser, a liquid storage tank, a salt storage tank, a desalting centrifugal device, a drying device and an exhaust chimney; or a vertical condenser is replaced by a horizontal condenser, or heat conduction fins are further arranged on the inner wall of the exhaust chimney, and a heating coil is arranged on the outer wall of the exhaust chimney. Comprising a condensation heat collection system, a wastewater treatment system and a convection exhaust system, solar energy is used as a unique heat source for wastewater evaporation, salt crystal drying and exhaust driving, full-flow low-carbon treatment of high-salinity wastewater is achieved, and the core problems of high energy consumption, poor adaptability and heat energy waste in the traditional technology are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solar thermal and industrial high-salinity wastewater treatment technology, specifically, it relates to a solar multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system. Background Technology

[0002] The efficient treatment and resource recovery of high-salinity industrial wastewater are crucial for achieving sustainable industrial development. Traditional evaporation and crystallization technologies rely primarily on fossil fuels or electric heating, resulting in high energy consumption, large carbon emissions, and high operating costs, which are inconsistent with the principles of green manufacturing. While solar-driven treatment systems offer significant advantages in terms of cleanliness and low carbon emissions, they face multiple technical bottlenecks, such as unreasonable heat load distribution strategies. Existing heat transfer medium circuits often employ simple series and parallel structures, making it difficult to precisely control the heat according to the differentiated heat demands of wastewater evaporation, salt crystal drying, and exhaust heating, leading to the use of high-temperature heat sources in low-temperature processes or mismatched heat grades.

[0003] Currently, although there are attempts to integrate solar thermal collection and evaporation technologies, none have formed a synergistic system of concentrated solar power storage, staged heating, and waste heat recovery, failing to meet the high-efficiency and low-carbon requirements of industrial high-salinity wastewater treatment. Furthermore, existing systems cannot directly recover the latent heat of low-temperature steam generated in the evaporation stage, resulting in continuous waste of low-grade heat energy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new treatment technology that can achieve multi-stage efficient utilization of solar energy, intelligent matching of heat load, maximization of latent heat recovery, and simplification of the system's fundamental nature, in order to overcome existing bottlenecks and promote the green transformation of the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of low solar heating efficiency, high exhaust energy consumption, and insufficient heat recovery and utilization in the treatment of high-salinity industrial wastewater, this invention provides a solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system.

[0005] This invention provides a solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system, comprising a concentrating solar collector system, a wastewater treatment system, and a convection exhaust system. The concentrating solar thermal system comprises a heliostat array, solar absorbers, a collector tower, a high-temperature thermal storage tank, a low-temperature thermal storage tank, and a pump. The heliostat array, arranged around the concentrating solar thermal system, consists of plane mirrors and a dual-axis tracking structure; each heliostat has an independent tracking system. The heliostat array uses a solar motion tracking algorithm and a light sensor for coordinated control, reflecting sunlight towards a single target and focusing it onto the solar absorber mounted on the collector tower. The solar absorber is located on the collector tower, and its outlet is connected to the high-temperature thermal storage tank via a pipeline. The outlet of the high-temperature thermal storage tank is connected to a main flow control valve via a pipeline. The main pipeline containing the main flow control valve is divided into three parallel branches, each equipped with a flow regulating valve: a first flow regulating valve, a second flow regulating valve, and a third flow regulating valve installed on the branch pipeline. These three parallel branch pipelines converge at the main pipeline and connect to the low-temperature thermal storage tank. The outlet of the low-temperature thermal storage tank is connected to the pump via a pipeline, and the pump's outlet is connected to the inlet of the solar absorber via a pipeline.

[0006] The wastewater treatment system includes a wastewater concentrator heater, a gas-liquid separator, a vertical condenser, a storage tank, a brine storage tank, a desalination centrifuge, and a drying unit. A valve is installed on the wastewater outlet pipe and connects to the inlet of the wastewater concentrator heater. The wastewater concentrator heater has a built-in heating coil, and its outlet is collected into the main pipeline. The steam outlet of the wastewater concentrator heater is connected to the gas-liquid separator. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the upper steam inlet of the vertical condenser via a pipeline. The condensate outlet of the vertical condenser is connected to the inlet of the storage tank via a pipeline. The cold air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the vertical condenser via a pipeline. A valve is installed on the drain pipe at the bottom of the storage tank, and the air outlet of the vertical condenser is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney via a pipeline. The lower salt discharge port of the wastewater concentration heater is connected to the salt storage tank via a pipeline. The salt storage tank is connected to the desalination centrifuge via a pipeline. The solid phase outlet of the desalination centrifuge is connected to the feed inlet of the drying device via a pipeline. The outlet of the drying device discharges salt via a pipeline with a valve installed on the pipeline. The drying device has a built-in heating coil, and the outlet of the heating coil is collected into the main pipeline via a pipeline.

[0007] The convection exhaust system includes an exhaust chimney, with a heating coil arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the chimney and an insulation layer covering the outer wall. The exhaust outlet of the chimney is connected to the external environment. The inlet of the heating coil in the exhaust chimney is connected to a third flow regulating valve via a pipe, and the outlet of the heating coil is collected into the main pipeline via a pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, the heating coil of the exhaust chimney is relocated to the middle of the outer wall of the chimney. The inlet of the heating coil is connected to a third flow regulating valve via a pipe, and the outlet of the heating coil is collected into the main pipe via a pipe. The outer side of the heating coil is covered with an insulation layer. Several heat-conducting fins are arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney. The heat-conducting fins are fixed to the inner wall of the chimney, and their heat is obtained through conduction through the chimney wall. This heat comes from the heating of the chimney wall by the heating coil on the outer wall.

[0009] Furthermore, the vertical condenser is replaced with a horizontal condenser. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the steam inlet at the top of the horizontal condenser via a pipeline. The condensate outlet of the horizontal condenser is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank via a pipeline. The cold air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the horizontal condenser via a pipeline. The air outlet of the horizontal condenser is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney via a pipeline.

[0010] This invention provides a solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system, comprising a concentrating solar collector system, a wastewater treatment system, and a convection exhaust system. The concentrating solar thermal system includes a heliostat array, solar absorbers, a solar tower, a high-temperature storage tank, a low-temperature storage tank, and a pump. The heliostat array, arranged around the concentrating solar thermal system, consists of plane mirrors and a dual-axis tracking structure. Each heliostat has an independent tracking system, employing a solar motion tracking algorithm and a light sensor to collaboratively control the reflection of sunlight towards the same target, concentrating it into the solar absorber mounted on the solar tower. The solar absorber is located on the solar tower, its outlet connected to the high-temperature storage tank via a pipeline. The outlet of the high-temperature storage tank is connected to a total flow regulating valve via a pipeline. The total flow regulating valve is connected in series with a wastewater concentration heater, a drying device, and an exhaust chimney, then connected to the low-temperature storage tank via a pipeline. The outlet of the low-temperature storage tank is connected to the pump via a pipeline, and the pump's outlet is connected to the solar absorber inlet via a pipeline.

[0011] The wastewater treatment system includes a wastewater concentration heater, a gas-liquid separator, a vertical condenser, a storage tank, a salt storage tank, a desalination centrifuge, and a drying unit. A valve is installed on the wastewater outlet pipe and connects to the wastewater inlet of the wastewater concentration heater. The wastewater concentration heater has a built-in heating coil, the outlet of which is connected to the drying equipment via a pipe. The steam outlet of the wastewater concentration heater is connected to the gas-liquid separator. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the upper steam inlet of the vertical condenser via a pipe. The condensate outlet of the vertical condenser is connected to the inlet of the storage tank via a pipe. The cold air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the vertical condenser via a pipe. A valve is installed on the drain pipe at the bottom of the storage tank. The air outlet of the vertical condenser is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney via a pipe. The lower salt discharge port of the wastewater concentration heater is connected to the salt storage tank via a pipe. The salt storage tank is connected to the desalination centrifuge via a pipe. The solid phase outlet of the desalination centrifuge is connected to the feed inlet of the drying unit via a pipe. The outlet of the drying unit discharges salt via a pipe, and a valve is installed on the pipe. The drying unit has a built-in heating coil.

[0012] The convection exhaust system includes an exhaust chimney, with a heating coil arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney and an insulation layer covering the outer wall. The exhaust outlet of the exhaust chimney is connected to the external environment. The inlet of the heating coil in the exhaust chimney is connected to the outlet of the heating coil of the drying device via a pipe, and the outlet of the heating coil in the exhaust chimney is connected to the low-temperature heat storage tank via a pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, the heating coil of the exhaust chimney is relocated to the middle of the outer wall. The inlet of the heating coil is connected to the outlet of the heating coil of the drying device via a pipe, and the outlet of the heating coil is connected to the low-temperature heat storage tank via a pipe. The outer side of the heating coil is covered with an insulation layer. Several heat-conducting fins are arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney. The heat-conducting fins are fixed to the inner wall of the chimney, and their heat is obtained through conduction through the chimney wall. This heat comes from the heating of the chimney wall by the heating coil on the outer wall.

[0014] Furthermore, the vertical condenser is replaced with a horizontal condenser. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the steam inlet at the top of the horizontal condenser via a pipeline. The condensate outlet of the horizontal condenser is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank via a pipeline. The cold air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the horizontal condenser via a pipeline. The air outlet of the horizontal condenser is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney via a pipeline.

[0015] This invention provides a solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system, comprising a concentrating solar collector system, a wastewater treatment system, and a convection exhaust system. The concentrating solar thermal system includes a heliostat array, a solar absorber, and a solar tower. The heliostat array is arranged around the concentrating solar thermal system and consists of a plane mirror and a dual-axis tracking structure. Each heliostat has an independent tracking system, which uses a solar motion tracking algorithm and a light sensor to control the reflection of sunlight toward the same target and concentrate it into the solar absorber installed on the solar tower. The solar absorber is arranged on the solar tower.

[0016] The wastewater treatment system includes a heater, an ejector, a wastewater concentrator heater, a vertical condenser, a storage tank, a salt storage tank, a desalination centrifuge, and a drying unit. A valve is installed on the inlet pipe and connects to the heater inlet. The solar absorber's heat source output is connected to the heater's heat source inlet via a pipe. The heater's steam outlet is connected to the ejector's working fluid inlet via a pipe. The ejector's ejector fluid inlet is connected to the top of the wastewater concentrator heater via a pipe. The ejector's mixed fluid outlet is divided into three parallel pipes via the main pipe: the first connects to the wastewater concentrator heater's heating coil inlet, the second connects to the drying unit's heating coil inlet, and the third connects to the exhaust chimney's heating coil inlet. The wastewater concentrator heater is connected to the upper steam inlet of the vertical condenser via a pipe. The vertical condenser's condensate outlet is connected to the storage tank's inlet via a pipe. The cold air outlet is connected to the vertical condenser's air inlet via a pipe. A valve is installed on the bottom drain pipe of the storage tank, and the vertical condenser's air outlet is connected to the exhaust chimney's air inlet via a pipe. A valve is installed on the wastewater effluent pipeline and connected to the wastewater inlet of the wastewater concentration heater. The wastewater concentration heater has a built-in heating coil, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the storage tank via a pipeline. The lower salt discharge port of the wastewater concentration heater is connected to the salt storage tank via a pipeline. The salt storage tank is connected to the desalination centrifuge via a pipeline. The solid phase outlet of the desalination centrifuge is connected to the feed inlet of the drying device via a pipeline. The drying device has a built-in heating coil, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the storage tank via a pipeline.

[0017] The convection exhaust system includes an exhaust chimney, a heating coil arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney, an insulation layer covering the outer wall, an exhaust outlet of the exhaust chimney connected to the external environment, an inlet of the heating coil of the exhaust chimney connected to the outlet of the injector mixed fluid via a pipe, and an outlet of the heating coil of the exhaust chimney connected to the inlet of the liquid storage tank via a pipe.

[0018] Furthermore, the heating coil of the exhaust chimney is relocated to the middle of the outer wall. The inlet of the heating coil is connected to the outlet of the injector mixing fluid via a pipe, and the outer side of the heating coil is covered with an insulation layer. Several heat-conducting fins are arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney. The heat-conducting fins are fixed to the inner wall of the chimney, and their heat is obtained through conduction through the chimney wall. This heat comes from the heating of the chimney wall by the heating coil on the outer wall.

[0019] Furthermore, the vertical condenser is replaced with a horizontal condenser. The condensate outlet of the horizontal condenser is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank via a pipe, the cold air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the horizontal condenser via a pipe, and the air outlet of the horizontal condenser is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney via a pipe.

[0020] This invention utilizes a parallel system of thermal storage tanks, which offers high adaptability. Through three independent controls of the flow rate of the heat transfer medium to the wastewater concentration heater, drying unit, and exhaust chimney, precise and independent temperature regulation of each heat-using unit is achieved. This system particularly meets the differentiated heat demands of the drying unit and wastewater evaporation, avoiding the heat imbalance problems caused by temperature coupling in series systems.

[0021] This invention utilizes the high energy efficiency of a series-connected thermal storage tank system. A total flow regulating valve is used in series to create a temperature gradient: a high-temperature heat transfer medium is preferentially supplied for wastewater evaporation, a medium-temperature heat transfer medium for salt crystal drying, and a low-temperature heat transfer medium for chimney heating to drive convection. This significantly reduces system complexity and valve costs, while also minimizing heat loss in the high-temperature section.

[0022] The steam direct-drive system utilizing ejectors in this invention features high recoverability and high integration. It involves injecting steam through ejectors, mixing and pressurizing it, and then distributing it in three parallel stages. This not only achieves significant recovery of low-grade latent heat from the evaporation section but also completely eliminates complex subsystems such as heat transfer media, heat storage tanks, and circulating pumps by constructing a steam direct-drive closed-loop cycle, achieving 100% condensate recovery and reuse.

[0023] The heating coils on the outer wall of the exhaust chimney and the heat-conducting fins on the inner wall achieve thermal coupling through the chimney wall, thereby increasing the exhaust temperature. Combined with the insulation layer, heat loss is effectively reduced, and a stable temperature gradient is formed inside the chimney, with a lower temperature and a higher temperature, thereby improving natural convection wind speed and exhaust power.

[0024] In this invention, the two systems with heat storage tanks can select the heat transfer medium according to actual needs, while all three systems explicitly allow the condenser to be replaced with a vertical or horizontal structure, and also allow the chimney heating coil to be arranged on an inner or outer wall. In practical engineering, the optimal combination can be selected based on site space and maintenance conditions, expanding the system's applicable scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salt wastewater treatment system described in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system described in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system described in Embodiment 5 of the present invention. Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salt wastewater treatment system described in Embodiment Six of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system described in Embodiment Seven of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system described in Embodiment 8 of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salt wastewater treatment system described in Embodiment Nine of the present invention; Figure 10 for Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 8 Cross-sectional view of the exhaust chimney 14 in the solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salt wastewater treatment system.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-Heliostat array, 2-Solar absorber, 3-Heat collector tower, 4-High-temperature heat storage tank, 5-Low-temperature heat storage tank, 6-Pump, 7-Wastewater concentrator heater, 8-Gas-liquid separator, 9-Vertical condenser, 10-Liquid storage tank, 11-Salt storage tank, 12-Desalination centrifuge device, 13-Drying device, 14-Exhaust chimney, 15-Heat-conducting fins, 16-Heater, 17-Ejector, 40-Total flow control valve, 41-First flow regulating valve, 42-Second flow regulating valve, 43-Third flow regulating valve, 70-Wastewater concentrator heater, 71-Valve, 90-Horizontal condenser, 91-Cold air outlet, 101-Valve, 131-Valve, 141-Insulation layer, 151-Insulation layer, 161-Valve, 301~337-Pipes, 701-Valve. Detailed Implementation

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms used in the various embodiments, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," and "bottom," which indicate location, are only used to simplify the description of the positional relationships based on the accompanying drawings and do not imply that the components and devices referred to must be operated according to the specific locations and defined operations, methods, and structures in the specification. Such directional terms do not constitute a limitation of this invention. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and "third" mentioned in the embodiments of this invention are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0028] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Specific implementation method one: Combining Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system, comprising a concentrating solar collector system, a wastewater treatment system, and a convection exhaust system. The concentrating solar thermal system includes a heliostat group 1, a solar absorber 2, a solar collector tower 3, a high-temperature thermal storage tank 4, a low-temperature thermal storage tank 5, and a pump 6. The heliostat group 1 is arranged around the concentrating solar thermal system. Each heliostat consists of a plane mirror and a dual-axis tracking structure. Each heliostat has an independent tracking system. The heliostat group 1 uses a solar motion tracking algorithm and a light sensor to collaboratively control the reflection of sunlight towards the same target, focusing it onto the solar absorber 2 installed on the solar collector tower 3. The solar absorber 2 is arranged on the solar collector tower 3, and its outlet is connected to the high-temperature thermal storage tank 4 via a pipe 301. The outlet of the thermal storage tank 4 is connected to the main flow control valve 40 via pipe 302. The main pipe 302-303 where the main flow control valve 40 is located is divided into three parallel branches. Each branch is equipped with a flow regulating valve, namely the first flow regulating valve 41 installed on branch pipe 319, the second flow regulating valve 42 installed on branch pipe 320, and the third flow regulating valve 43 installed on branch pipe 321. The three parallel branch pipes are converged by the main pipe 316 and connected to the low-temperature thermal storage tank 5. The outlet of the low-temperature thermal storage tank 5 is connected to the pump 6 via pipe 317. The pump 6's discharge end is connected to the inlet of the solar absorber 2 via pipe 318.

[0030] The wastewater treatment system includes a wastewater concentrator heater 7, a gas-liquid separator 8, a vertical condenser 9, a storage tank 10, a salt storage tank 11, a desalination centrifuge 12, and a drying device 13. A valve 71 is installed on the wastewater outlet pipe 304 and connected to the inlet of the wastewater concentrator heater 7. The wastewater concentrator heater 7 has a built-in heating coil 100, the outlet of which is collected into the main pipe 316 via pipe 322. The steam outlet of the wastewater concentrator heater 7 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 8. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 8 is connected to the upper steam inlet of the vertical condenser 9 via pipe 306. The condensate outlet of the vertical condenser 9 is connected to the inlet of the storage tank 10 via pipe 308. The cold air outlet 91 is connected to the air inlet of the vertical condenser 9 via pipe 307. A valve 105 is installed on the bottom drain pipe 337 of the storage tank 10. The air outlet of the vertical condenser 9 is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney 14 via pipe 309. The lower salt discharge port of the wastewater concentration heater 7 is connected to the salt storage tank 11 via pipe 310. The salt storage tank 11 is connected to the desalination centrifuge device 12 via pipe 311. The solid phase outlet of the desalination centrifuge device 12 is connected to the feed inlet of the drying device 13 via pipe 312. The outlet of the drying device 13 discharges salt via pipe 313 and a valve 131 is installed on the pipe. The drying device 13 has a built-in heating coil 101. The outlet of the heating coil is collected into the main pipe 316 via pipe 323.

[0031] The convection exhaust system includes an exhaust chimney 14, a heating coil 102 arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney 14, an insulation layer 141 covering the outer wall of the exhaust chimney 14, an exhaust port of the exhaust chimney 14 connected to the external environment, an inlet of the heating coil of the exhaust chimney 14 connected to a third flow regulating valve 43 via a pipe 321, and an outlet of the heating coil collected into the main pipe 316 via pipes 314 and 315.

[0032] The operating principle of this implementation plan is as follows: Concentrating solar thermal collection process: The heliostat group 1 tracks the sun's trajectory in real time through a dual-axis tracking mechanism, reflecting and focusing sunlight onto the solar absorber 2 at the top of the solar collector tower 3, heating the heat transfer medium inside the chamber to a high temperature. The high-temperature heat transfer medium flows into the high-temperature storage tank 4 for storage. When the system is running, the total flow control valve 40 is opened, and the high-temperature heat transfer medium flows out from the high-temperature heat storage tank 4. After passing through the main pipeline 302, it is divided into three parallel branches. The first branch dynamically adjusts the flow rate through the first flow regulating valve 41 installed on the branch pipeline 319. The heat transfer medium is introduced into the heating coil built into the wastewater concentration heater 7 to maintain the required temperature inside the tank and provide a stable heat source for wastewater evaporation. The second branch adjusts the opening degree as needed through the second flow regulating valve 42 installed on the branch pipeline 320. The heat transfer medium enters the heating coil built into the drying device 13 and controls the temperature to a higher range to meet the high-temperature requirements for rapid drying of wet salt. The third branch adjusts adaptively through the third flow regulating valve 43 installed on the branch pipeline 321. The heat transfer medium is connected to the heating coil arranged on the inner wall of the exhaust chimney 14 to control its temperature and drive air convection inside the chimney. After the heat is released from the three branches, the low-temperature heat transfer medium is collected through the main pipeline 316 and flows into the low-temperature heat storage tank 5. The pump 6 pressurizes the heat transfer medium in the low-temperature heat storage tank 5 and sends it back to the inlet of the solar absorber 2 through the pipeline 318, completing the closed loop.

[0033] Wastewater treatment process: High-salt wastewater enters the wastewater concentration heater 7 via pipeline 304, controlled by valve 71. After vacuum treatment within the wastewater concentration heater 7, the wastewater has a lower boiling point. Heat is then supplied by the coils heated by the first branch heat transfer medium to evaporate the wastewater. The generated steam enters the gas-liquid separator 8 for defoaming. The separated steam enters the upper steam inlet of the vertical condenser 9 via pipeline 306. In the vertical condenser 9, the steam in the tube side exchanges heat counter-currently with cold air introduced from the cold air inlet 91 via pipeline 307, condensing the steam into liquid water. The condensate flows into the storage tank 10 for recovery via pipeline 308. The heated air is discharged from the air outlet of the vertical condenser 9 via pipeline 309 to the exhaust chimney 14.

[0034] The salt slurry produced by the wastewater concentration heater 7 is discharged into the salt storage tank 11 via pipeline 310. From the salt storage tank 11, the salt slurry is transported via pipeline 311 to the desalination centrifuge 12 for dehydration. The dehydrated wet salt then enters the drying unit 13 via pipeline 312. Inside the drying unit 13, heat is provided by a coil heated by a second branch of high-temperature heat transfer medium to dry the wet salt to the target moisture content. The dried finished salt is discharged via pipeline 313 equipped with valve 131.

[0035] Convection exhaust process: Hot air discharged from the vertical condenser 9 enters the bottom of the exhaust chimney 14 through pipe 309. Simultaneously, the heating coil 102 on the inner wall of the exhaust chimney 14, heated by the third branch heat transfer medium, operates to heat the air inside the chimney. This heating process creates a temperature gradient inside the chimney: a lower temperature at the bottom, a higher temperature in the middle, and heat dissipation to the environment at the top. The thermal pressure difference generated by this temperature gradient significantly enhances the natural convection velocity of the air inside the chimney, thereby enhancing the exhaust power of the system. The insulation layer 141 covering the outer wall of the exhaust chimney 14 effectively blocks heat loss, reduces heat dissipation, and strengthens the passive heat drive effect. Finally, the treated air is discharged into the atmosphere from the top of the exhaust chimney 14.

[0036] Overall, the system achieves three major effects: First, precise multi-stage heat energy distribution. Three independent flow control valves precisely regulate the flow and temperature of the heat transfer medium leading to wastewater evaporation, salt crystal drying, and exhaust heating, efficiently matching the differentiated heat demands of each stage and avoiding scaling problems that might occur if the high-temperature drying heat source is directly used for evaporation. Second, cascaded waste heat recovery and drive. Utilizing a portion of the heat energy from the third branch, the exhaust gas is further heated by heating coils on the inner wall of the exhaust chimney. The resulting significant temperature difference drives strong natural convection, achieving the goal of driving the system's exhaust solely with solar thermal energy, eliminating the need for additional electric fans. Simultaneously, the exhaust temperature is maintained consistently above the dew point, effectively preventing condensation and corrosion on the inner wall of the chimney. Third, stable operation throughout the day. The dual-tank thermal storage system can store sufficient solar heat, ensuring that the system can continue to stably treat high-salt wastewater using the stored heat energy even at night or during cloudy / rainy weather.

[0037] This invention, through rational system construction and energy efficiency utilization, achieves complete reliance on a concentrating solar thermal system for energy, replacing traditional fossil fuel boilers or high-electricity-consuming drives. Precise heating and anti-scaling design perfectly match the differentiated high-temperature requirements of evaporation, drying, and exhaust stages with a three-stage independent temperature control system, fundamentally avoiding the risk of scaling caused by heat source temperature mismatch. Simultaneously, the system innovatively utilizes a portion of medium-temperature heat energy to heat the exhaust chimney, driving the exhaust using natural convection principles. This not only significantly reduces system power consumption but also actively maintains high exhaust temperatures, preventing condensation and corrosion on the chimney's inner wall. Furthermore, the dual-storage tank design provides strong energy buffering capacity, ensuring continuous and stable operation of the system unaffected by intermittent sunlight, meeting the high reliability requirements of industrial wastewater treatment.

[0038] Specific Implementation Method Two: Combining Figure 2 , 10 As shown, the heating coil 103 of the exhaust chimney 14 is now located in the middle of the outer wall of the chimney. The inlet of the heating coil is connected to the third flow regulating valve 43 via pipe 321, and the outlet of the heating coil is collected into the main pipe 316 via pipes 314 and 315. The outer side of the heating coil is covered with an insulation layer 151. Several heat-conducting fins 15 are arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney 14. The heat-conducting fins 15 are fixed to the inner wall of the chimney, and their heat is obtained through conduction through the chimney wall. This heat originates from the heating of the chimney wall by the external heating coil. The external heating coil conducts heat to the inner wall fins through the chimney wall, increasing the heat exchange area and raising the exhaust temperature, thereby increasing the chimney's convective draft. At the same time, this design avoids direct contact between the humid exhaust and the surface of the heat pipe, structurally eliminating the risk of condensation or even corrosion on the heat pipe surface due to the exhaust temperature being lower than the dew point, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the chimney heating system.

[0039] Specific implementation method three: Combining Figure 3 As shown, the vertical condenser 9 is replaced by a horizontal condenser 90. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 8 is connected to the upper steam inlet of the horizontal condenser 90 via pipe 306. The condensate outlet of the horizontal condenser 90 is connected to the liquid inlet of the storage tank 10 via pipe 308. The cold air outlet 91 is connected to the air inlet of the horizontal condenser 90 via pipe 307. The air outlet of the horizontal condenser 90 is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney 14 via pipe 309. Changing the condenser from vertical to horizontal reduces the scaling rate through the horizontal tube bundle design, making the system more suitable for the treatment and recovery of high-hardness wastewater. In addition, the horizontal condenser also has advantages such as strong adaptability to installation space, convenient maintenance and low cost, and stable heat transfer efficiency.

[0040] Specific implementation method four: Combination Figure 4As shown, this invention provides a solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system, comprising a concentrating solar collector system, a wastewater treatment system, and a convection exhaust system. The concentrating solar thermal system includes a heliostat group 1, a solar absorber 2, a solar tower 3, a high-temperature thermal storage tank 4, a low-temperature thermal storage tank 5, and a pump 6. The heliostat group 1 is arranged around the concentrating solar thermal system. The heliostats are composed of plane mirrors and dual-axis tracking structures. Each heliostat has an independent tracking system. The heliostat group 1 uses a solar motion tracking algorithm and a light sensor to control the reflection of sunlight toward the same target and focus it onto the solar absorber 2 installed on the solar tower 3. The solar absorber 2 is arranged on the solar tower 3. The outlet of the solar absorber 2 is connected to the high-temperature thermal storage tank 4 via a pipe 301. The outlet of the high-temperature thermal storage tank 4 is connected to the total flow regulating valve 40 via a pipe 302. The total flow regulating valve 40 is connected in series with a wastewater concentrator heater 7, a drying device 13, and an exhaust chimney 14, and then connected to the low-temperature thermal storage tank 5 via a pipe 316. The outlet of the low-temperature thermal storage tank 5 is connected to the pump 6 via a pipe 317. The pump 6's discharge end is connected to the inlet of the solar absorber 2 via a pipe 318.

[0041] The wastewater treatment system includes a wastewater concentrator heater 7, a gas-liquid separator 8, a vertical condenser 9, a storage tank 10, a salt storage tank 11, a desalination centrifuge 12, and a drying device 13. A valve 71 is installed on the wastewater outlet pipe 304 and connected to the wastewater inlet of the wastewater concentrator heater 7. The wastewater concentrator heater 7 has a built-in heating coil 100, the outlet of which is connected to the drying device 13 via pipe 314. The steam outlet of the wastewater concentrator heater 7 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 8. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 8 is connected to the upper steam inlet of the vertical condenser 9 via pipe 306. The condensate outlet of the vertical condenser 9 is connected to the inlet of the storage tank 10 via pipe 308. The cold air outlet 91 is connected to the air inlet of the vertical condenser 9 via pipe 307. A valve 105 is installed on the bottom drain pipe 337 of the storage tank 10. The air outlet of the vertical condenser 9 is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney 14 via pipe 309. The lower salt discharge port of the wastewater concentration heater 7 is connected to the salt storage tank 11 via pipe 310. The salt storage tank 11 is connected to the desalination centrifuge device 12 via pipe 311. The solid phase outlet of the desalination centrifuge device 12 is connected to the feed inlet of the drying device 13 via pipe 312. The outlet of the drying device 13 discharges salt via pipe 313, and a valve 131 is installed on the pipe. The drying device 13 has a built-in heating coil 101.

[0042] The convection exhaust system includes an exhaust chimney 14, with a heating coil 102 arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney 14, and an insulation layer 141 covering the outer wall of the exhaust chimney 14. The exhaust outlet of the exhaust chimney 14 is connected to the external environment. The inlet of the heating coil 102 of the exhaust chimney 14 is connected to the outlet of the heating coil of the drying device 13 via a pipe 315, and the outlet of the heating coil of the exhaust chimney 14 is connected to the low-temperature heat storage tank 5 via a pipe 316.

[0043] The operating principle of this implementation plan is as follows: Concentrating solar thermal process: The heliostat group 1 tracks the sun's trajectory in real time through a dual-axis tracking mechanism, reflecting and focusing sunlight onto the solar absorber 2 at the top of the solar collector tower 3, heating the heat transfer medium inside the chamber to a high temperature. The high-temperature heat transfer medium flows into the high-temperature storage tank 4 via pipe 301. During system operation, the total flow regulating valve 40 opens, and the high-temperature heat transfer medium flows out from the high-temperature storage tank 4 via pipe 302, sequentially flowing through the heating coils of three heat exchange devices: The first stage is the high-temperature heat transfer medium in the wastewater concentration heater 7, which first enters the heating coil 100 built into the wastewater concentration heater 7, releasing heat to heat the wastewater and lowering its own temperature. The outlet of the heating coil is connected to the next stage via pipe 314. The second stage is the cooled heat transfer medium in the drying device 13, which enters the heating coil 101 built into the drying device 13 via pipe 314, releasing heat to dry the wet salt and further lowering its own temperature. The outlet of the heating coil is connected to the next stage via pipe 315. The third stage involves the heat transfer medium, which has been cooled again inside the exhaust chimney 14, entering the heating coil 102 located in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney 14 via pipe 315. This releases heat to heat the air inside the chimney, eventually reducing its own temperature to a lower value. The heating coil outlet is discharged via pipe 316. The low-temperature heat transfer medium, having completed the three-stage heat release, flows into the low-temperature storage tank 5 via pipe 316. Pump 6 pressurizes the heat transfer medium in the low-temperature storage tank 5 and sends it back to the inlet of the solar absorber 2 via pipe 318, completing the closed-loop cycle.

[0044] Wastewater treatment process: High-salt wastewater enters the wastewater concentration heater 7 via pipeline 304, controlled by valve 71. After vacuum treatment within the wastewater concentration heater 7, the wastewater has a lower boiling point. A strong heat source is then provided by the coil heated by the first-stage high-temperature heat transfer medium, causing the wastewater to evaporate rapidly. The generated steam enters the gas-liquid separator 8 for defoaming. The separated steam then enters the upper steam inlet of the vertical condenser 9 via pipeline 306. In the vertical condenser 9, the steam in the tube side exchanges heat counter-currently with the cold air introduced from the cold air inlet 91 via pipeline 307, condensing the steam into liquid water. The condensate flows into the storage tank 10 for recovery via pipeline 308, and the heated air is discharged from the air outlet of the vertical condenser 9 via pipeline 309 to the exhaust chimney 14.

[0045] The salt slurry produced by the concentration at the bottom of the wastewater concentration heater 7 is discharged into the salt storage tank 11 via pipeline 310. From the salt storage tank 11, the salt slurry is transported to the desalination centrifuge 12 via pipeline 311 for dehydration separation. The dehydrated wet salt enters the drying device 13 via pipeline 312. Inside the drying device 13, heat is provided by coils heated by a second-stage cooling and heat-conducting medium to dry the wet salt to the target moisture content. The dried finished salt is discharged through pipeline 313 equipped with valve 131.

[0046] Convection exhaust process: Pre-heated air discharged from the vertical condenser 9 enters the bottom of the exhaust chimney 14 through pipe 309. Simultaneously, the heating coils on the inner wall of the exhaust chimney 14, heated by a third-stage heat transfer medium in series, operate, indirectly heating the air inside the chimney. This heating process creates a temperature gradient inside the chimney: lower temperature at the bottom, higher temperature in the middle, and heat dissipation to the environment from the top. The thermal pressure difference generated by this temperature gradient significantly enhances the natural convection velocity of the air inside the chimney, thereby enhancing the exhaust power of the system. The insulation layer 141 covering the outer wall of the exhaust chimney 14 effectively blocks heat loss, reduces heat dissipation, and strengthens the passive heat drive effect. Finally, the treated air is discharged into the atmosphere from the top of the exhaust chimney 14.

[0047] Overall, the system achieves three major synergistic effects: First, it utilizes heat energy in a cascaded manner. The system adopts a single-path series heating method, where the high-temperature heat transfer medium first meets the high-temperature heat load required for wastewater evaporation. After releasing heat, the medium cools down to a medium temperature and supplies it to the drying unit to meet the medium-temperature drying requirements. Finally, the medium cools down to a low temperature and is used to drive the passive convection of the exhaust chimney. Heat energy is transferred and utilized in a cascaded manner according to quality, precisely matching the differentiated heat requirements of evaporation-high temperature, drying-medium temperature, and exhaust drive-low temperature, greatly improving the overall heat energy utilization efficiency. Second, the system is simplified and its reliability is improved. The single-path series design and a single total flow regulating valve replace the complex multi-branch parallel and multiple regulating valve system, significantly reducing the number of valves, pipeline connection points, and potential failure points, lowering equipment costs and system maintenance complexity, and improving operational reliability. Third, it achieves energy saving through natural convection drive. The low-temperature waste heat after cascaded utilization heats the exhaust chimney, and by enhancing the chimney effect, it achieves exhaust through natural convection relying solely on heat energy, eliminating the need for additional electric power to drive the fan, and significantly reducing system power consumption.

[0048] This invention achieves complete reliance on a concentrating solar thermal system for energy, replacing traditional fossil fuel boilers or high-electricity-consuming engines, through rational system construction and energy efficiency utilization. By designing a single-loop series cascade heating chain, it achieves efficient utilization of the high-temperature heat source through a progressive degradation process from evaporation to drying and then to exhaust, completely solving the heat mismatch problem of traditional single-loop or complex parallel systems, significantly improving the overall energy efficiency ratio. Simultaneously, the system abandons the parallel multi-valve design, adopting a single-valve controlled series path, greatly simplifying the system structure, significantly reducing equipment investment and maintenance costs, and significantly improving operational reliability. Furthermore, the system design utilizes low-temperature waste heat to enhance the chimney effect, achieving purely heat-driven natural convection exhaust, further reducing system operating energy consumption.

[0049] Specific Implementation Method Five: Combining Figure 5 , 10 As shown, the heating coil 103 of the exhaust chimney 14 is now located in the middle of the outer wall. The inlet of the heating coil is connected to the outlet of the heating coil of the drying device 13 via pipe 315, and the outlet of the heating coil is connected to the low-temperature heat storage tank 5 via pipe 316. The outer side of the heating coil is covered with an insulation layer 151. Several heat-conducting fins 15 are arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney 14. The heat-conducting fins 15 are fixed to the inner wall of the chimney, and their heat is obtained through conduction through the chimney wall. This heat originates from the heating of the chimney wall by the external heating coil. The external heating coil conducts heat to the inner wall fins through the chimney wall, increasing the heat exchange area and raising the exhaust temperature, thereby increasing the chimney's convective draft. At the same time, this design avoids direct contact between the humid exhaust and the surface of the heat pipe, structurally eliminating the risk of condensation or even corrosion on the heat pipe surface due to the exhaust temperature being lower than the dew point, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the chimney heating system.

[0050] Specific Implementation Method Six: Combination Figure 6 As shown, the vertical condenser 9 is replaced by a horizontal condenser 90. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 8 is connected to the upper steam inlet of the horizontal condenser 90 via pipe 308. The condensate outlet of the horizontal condenser 90 is connected to the liquid inlet of the storage tank 10 via pipe 308. The cold air outlet 901 is connected to the air inlet of the horizontal condenser 90 via pipe 307. The air outlet of the horizontal condenser 90 is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney 14 via pipe 309. Changing the condenser from vertical to horizontal reduces the scaling rate through the horizontal tube bundle design, making the system more suitable for the treatment and recovery of high-hardness wastewater. In addition, the horizontal condenser also has advantages such as strong adaptability to installation space, convenient maintenance and low cost, and stable heat transfer efficiency.

[0051] Specific implementation method seven: Combining Figure 7 As shown, this invention provides a solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system, comprising a concentrating solar collector system, a wastewater treatment system, and a convection exhaust system. The concentrating solar thermal system includes a heliostat group 1, a solar absorber 2, and a solar collector tower 3. The heliostat group 1 is arranged around the concentrating solar thermal system. The heliostats are composed of plane mirrors and dual-axis tracking structures. Each heliostat has an independent tracking system. The heliostat group 1 uses a solar motion tracking algorithm and a light sensor to control the reflection of sunlight toward the same target and concentrate it into the solar absorber 2 installed on the solar collector tower 3. The solar absorber 2 is arranged on the solar collector tower 3.

[0052] The wastewater treatment system includes a heater 16, an ejector 17, a wastewater concentration heater 70, a vertical condenser 9, a storage tank 10, a salt storage tank 11, a desalination centrifuge 12, and a drying device 13. A valve 161 is installed on the inlet pipe 325 and connected to the inlet of the heater 16. The heat source output of the solar absorber 2 is connected to the heat source inlet of the heater 16 via pipe 324. The steam outlet of the heater 16 is connected to the working fluid inlet of the ejector 17 via pipe 326. The ejector 17's ejector fluid inlet is connected to the top of the wastewater concentration heater 70 via pipe 327. The mixed fluid outlet of the ejector 70 is divided into three parallel pipes via the main pipe 328. The first pipe 329 is connected to the inlet of the heating coil 104 of the wastewater concentration heater 70. The second pipe 330 is connected to the drying device. The inlet of heating coil 101 is connected to the third branch pipe 332, which is connected to the inlet of heating coil 102 of exhaust chimney 14. Wastewater concentrator 70 is connected to the upper steam inlet of vertical condenser 9 via pipe 333. The condensate outlet of vertical condenser 9 is connected to the liquid inlet of storage tank 10 via pipe 334. Cold air outlet 91 is connected to the air inlet of vertical condenser 9 via pipe 307. Valve 105 is installed on the drain pipe 337 at the bottom of storage tank 10. Air outlet of vertical condenser 9 is connected to the air inlet of exhaust chimney 14 via pipe 309. Valve 701 is installed on wastewater outlet pipe 304 and connected to the wastewater inlet of wastewater concentrator 70. Wastewater concentrator 70 has a built-in heating coil 104, the outlet of which is connected to the liquid inlet of storage tank 10 via pipe 335. The lower salt outlet of the wastewater concentration heater 70 is connected to the salt storage tank 11 via pipe 310. The salt storage tank 11 is connected to the desalination centrifuge device 12 via pipe 311. The solid phase outlet of the desalination centrifuge device 12 is connected to the feed inlet of the drying device 13 via pipe 312. The drying device 13 has a built-in heating coil 101. The outlet of the heating coil is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank 10 via pipe 336.

[0053] The convection exhaust system includes an exhaust chimney 14, with a heating coil 102 arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney 14. The outer wall of the exhaust chimney 14 is covered with an insulation layer 141. The exhaust port of the exhaust chimney 14 is connected to the external environment. The inlet of the heating coil 102 of the exhaust chimney 14 is connected to the mixed fluid outlet of the ejector 17 via pipes 332, 330, and 328. The outlet of the heating coil 102 of the exhaust chimney 14 is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank 10 via pipe 309.

[0054] The operating principle of this implementation plan is as follows: Concentrating solar thermal collection process: The heliostat group 1, through an independent dual-axis tracking mechanism, uses a solar motion tracking algorithm and a light sensor for coordinated control to accurately track the sun's trajectory in real time, reflecting and focusing sunlight onto the solar absorber 2 installed at the top of the solar collector tower 3. The solar absorber 2 absorbs and concentrates the high-intensity solar energy, converting it into high-temperature thermal energy, and directly outputs a high-temperature thermal working fluid.

[0055] Wastewater treatment process: Water enters heater 16 through inlet pipe 325 controlled by valve 161. Inside heater 16, the wastewater absorbs high-temperature heat energy from solar absorber 2 via pipe 324, converting it into working steam. This working steam enters the working fluid inlet of ejector 17 via pipe 326. The working steam is ejected at high speed inside ejector 17, generating a strong negative pressure at its ejector fluid inlet, thereby drawing in lower-temperature steam drawn from the top of wastewater concentrator 70 via pipe 327. The working steam and the ejected low-temperature steam are mixed and pressurized inside ejector 17 to form a medium-temperature mixed steam flow, which is output through main pipe 328. After output from main pipe 328, the heat energy is distributed and utilized in three stages through parallel pipelines: the first stage is evaporative heating. After the mixed steam flow passes through main pipe 328, the first branch enters the inlet of heating coil 104 inside wastewater concentrator 70 through pipe 329. The steam condenses and releases heat within the coil, providing the heat required for evaporation in wastewater concentrator 70. Condensate flows out through the coil outlet. The second stage is drying and heating. After the mixed steam flows through the main pipe 328, the second branch enters the inlet of the heating coil 101 built into the drying device 13 through pipe 331. The steam condenses and releases heat within the coil, providing the necessary heat for drying the wet salt. Condensate flows out through the coil outlet. The third stage is exhaust-driven preheating. After the mixed steam flows through the main pipe 328, the third branch enters the inlet of the heating coil 102 in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney 14 through pipe 332. The steam condenses and releases heat within the coil, and this heat is used to preheat the air inside the chimney. Condensate flows out through the coil outlet.

[0056] The high-salinity wastewater to be treated enters the wastewater concentrator 70 via the wastewater outlet pipe 304, controlled by valve 701. Inside the wastewater concentrator 70, the wastewater is heated by the heat released from the condensation of the first-stage heating steam, causing it to evaporate. The generated steam rises to the top, and the mixture of steam and non-condensable gases is ejected away by ejector 17 via pipe 327. The remaining steam enters the upper steam inlet of the vertical condenser 9 via pipe 333 for condensation. The steam entering the tube side of the vertical condenser 9 undergoes counter-current heat exchange with cold air introduced from the cold air outlet 91 via pipe 307, condensing the steam into liquid water. The condensate flows into the storage tank 10 via pipe 334 for recovery. The heated air is discharged from the air outlet of the vertical condenser 9 via pipe 309 to the exhaust chimney 14. Meanwhile, condensate from the heating coil 104 of the wastewater concentration heater 70 flows through pipe 335, condensate from the heating coil 101 of the drying device 13 flows through pipe 336, and condensate from the heating coil 102 of the exhaust chimney 14 flows through pipe 309, and finally all flow into the storage tank 10 for recycling. This achieves closed-loop condensate recycling within the system.

[0057] The concentrated high-concentration salt slurry is discharged from the lower salt outlet of the wastewater concentration heater 70 through pipe 310 into the salt storage tank 11, and then transported through pipe 311 to the desalination centrifuge 12 for solid-liquid separation, removing most of the free water. The separated wet salt enters the drying device 13 through pipe 312. In the drying device 13, the wet salt is further dried to the target low moisture content using the heat released from the condensation of the second-stage heating steam. The dried finished salt is discharged from the system through a pipe equipped with valve 131.

[0058] Overall, the system achieves three major effects: First, solar-driven steam and jet-enhanced efficiency: the system directly utilizes solar energy to generate driving steam, and uses ejectors to siphon and recover low-temperature steam from the wastewater concentration heater. This mixture is pressurized and mixed to improve its thermal grade before distribution, significantly improving the utilization efficiency of primary solar steam and the overall system thermal efficiency. Second, three-stage cascade utilization of thermal energy and closed-loop water circulation: the mixed steam is used sequentially for high-grade wastewater evaporation heating, medium-grade salt crystal drying heating, and low-grade chimney exhaust preheating, achieving efficient utilization of thermal energy according to its quality cascade. Simultaneously, steam condensate generated in all stages of the system is effectively collected and channeled into a storage tank, achieving 100% recovery and reuse, forming a closed-loop water circulation. Third, pure heat-driven exhaust: the system utilizes the third-stage low-temperature waste heat to heat the air inside the exhaust chimney, enhancing the chimney effect and achieving natural convection exhaust relying solely on thermal energy, completely eliminating the need for additional electric fans and significantly reducing system energy consumption.

[0059] This invention constructs a solar-powered direct-drive steam generation and jet-driven cascade heating system, ensuring 100% solar energy supply and replacing traditional boilers or electric drives. By designing a three-stage cascade heating architecture—solar steam-jet-driven efficiency enhancement—it maximizes solar thermal utilization efficiency, and the jet-driven recovery of low-temperature steam significantly reduces evaporation energy consumption. Simultaneously, it eliminates complex heat transfer medium circulation, heat storage tanks, and auxiliary pumps and valves, employing direct steam drive and achieving fully closed-loop condensate recovery, resulting in zero water loss during wastewater treatment. Furthermore, all critical heat exchangers utilize an indirect steam condensation heating mode, completely eliminating condensation and corrosion risks in the steam working fluid and treatment medium, thus ensuring the lifespan of core equipment.

[0060] Specific implementation method eight: Combination Figure 8 , 10 As shown, the heating coil 103 of the exhaust chimney 14 is now located in the middle of the outer wall. The inlet of the heating coil is connected to the mixing fluid outlet of the injector 17 via pipes 332, 330, and 328. The outer side of the heating coil is covered with an insulation layer 151. Several heat-conducting fins 15 are arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney 14. The heat-conducting fins 15 are fixed to the inner wall of the chimney, and their heat is obtained through conduction through the chimney wall. This heat originates from the heating of the chimney wall by the external heating coil. The external heating coil conducts heat to the inner wall fins through the chimney wall, increasing the heat exchange area and raising the exhaust temperature, thereby increasing the chimney's convective draft. At the same time, this design avoids direct contact between the humid exhaust and the surface of the heat pipe, structurally eliminating the risk of condensation or even corrosion on the heat pipe surface due to the exhaust temperature being lower than the dew point, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the chimney heating system.

[0061] Specific Implementation Method Nine: Combining Figure 9 As shown, the vertical condenser 9 is replaced by a horizontal condenser 90. The condensate outlet of the horizontal condenser 90 is connected to the inlet of the storage tank 10 via pipe 334, the cold air outlet 91 is connected to the air inlet of the horizontal condenser 90 via pipe 307, and the air outlet of the horizontal condenser 90 is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney 14 via pipe 309. Changing the condenser from vertical to horizontal reduces the scaling rate through the horizontal tube bundle design, making the system more suitable for the treatment and recovery of high-hardness wastewater. In addition, the horizontal condenser also has advantages such as strong adaptability to installation space, convenient maintenance and low cost, and stable heat transfer efficiency.

[0062] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system, characterized in that: Includes a concentrating solar thermal collection system, a wastewater treatment system, and a convection exhaust system. The concentrating solar thermal system includes a heliostat group (1), a solar absorber (2), a solar collector tower (3), a high-temperature thermal storage tank (4), a low-temperature thermal storage tank (5), and a pump (6). The heliostat group (1) is arranged around the concentrating solar thermal system. Each heliostat consists of a plane mirror and a dual-axis tracking structure. Each heliostat has an independent tracking system. The heliostat group (1) uses a solar motion tracking algorithm and a light sensor to coordinate the control of reflecting sunlight toward the same target and concentrating it into the solar absorber (2) installed on the solar collector tower (3). The solar absorber (2) is arranged on the solar collector tower (3). The outlet of the solar absorber (2) is connected to the high temperature heat storage tank (4). The outlet of the high temperature heat storage tank (4) is connected to the total flow control valve (40). The main pipeline where the total flow control valve (40) is located is divided into three parallel branches. Each branch is equipped with a flow regulating valve, namely the first flow regulating valve (41) installed on the first branch pipeline (319), the second flow regulating valve (42) installed on the second branch pipeline (320), and the third flow regulating valve (43) installed on the third branch pipeline (321). The wastewater treatment system includes a wastewater concentrator (7), a gas-liquid separator (8), a vertical condenser (9), a storage tank (10), a salt storage tank (11), a desalination centrifuge (12), and a drying device (13). The inlet of the wastewater concentrator (7) is connected to the wastewater outlet pipe (304), and a valve (71) is installed on the wastewater outlet pipe (304). The wastewater concentrator (7) has a built-in wastewater heating coil (100), the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature heat storage tank (5). The steam outlet of the wastewater concentrator (7) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8). The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the upper steam inlet of the vertical condenser (9). The condensate outlet of the vertical condenser (9) is connected to the storage tank (10). 10) The liquid inlet is connected, the lower part of the vertical condenser (9) is provided with a cold air inlet, the bottom drain pipe (337) of the liquid storage tank (10) is equipped with a valve (105), the air outlet of the vertical condenser (9) is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney (14), the lower salt outlet of the wastewater concentration heater (7) is connected to the salt storage tank (11), the outlet of the salt storage tank (11) is connected to the desalination centrifuge device (12), the solid phase outlet of the desalination centrifuge device (12) is connected to the feed inlet of the drying device (13), the outlet of the drying device (13) discharges salt through the salt discharge pipe (313) and a valve (131) is installed on the salt discharge pipe, the drying device (13) has a built-in drying heating coil (101), the outlet of the drying heating coil is connected to the inlet of the low temperature heat storage tank (5); The convection exhaust system includes an exhaust chimney (14), an exhaust heating coil (102) is arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the exhaust chimney (14), the outer wall of the exhaust chimney (14) is covered with an insulation layer (141), the exhaust port of the exhaust chimney (14) is connected to the external environment, the inlet of the exhaust heating coil of the exhaust chimney (14) is connected to the third flow regulating valve (43) through the third branch pipe (321), and the outlet of the exhaust heating coil is connected to the inlet of the low temperature heat storage tank (5); The three branches branching off from the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank (4) are respectively connected to the wastewater concentration heater (7), the drying device (13), and the exhaust chimney (14). The outlets of the wastewater concentration heater (7), the drying device (13), and the exhaust chimney (14) converge and are connected to the low-temperature heat storage tank (5). The outlet of the low-temperature heat storage tank (5) is connected to the pump (6), and the pump (6) discharge end is connected to the inlet of the solar absorber (2).

2. The solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust heating coil 1 (102) inside the exhaust chimney (14) is replaced by the exhaust heating coil 2 (103) arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the chimney. The inlet of the exhaust heating coil 2 is connected to the third flow regulating valve (43), and the outlet of the heating coil is connected to the inlet of the low temperature heat storage tank (5). The outer side of the heating coil is covered with an insulation layer (151). Several heat-conducting fins (15) are arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney (14). The heat-conducting fins (15) are fixed to the inner wall of the chimney, and their heat is obtained through the conduction of the chimney wall. The heat comes from the heating of the chimney wall by the outer wall heating coil.

3. The solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical condenser (9) is replaced by a horizontal condenser (90). The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the upper steam inlet of the horizontal condenser (90). The condensate outlet of the horizontal condenser (90) is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank (10). The lower part of the vertical condenser (9) is provided with a cold air inlet. The air outlet of the horizontal condenser (90) is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney (14).

4. A solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system, characterized in that: Includes a concentrating solar thermal collection system, a wastewater treatment system, and a convection exhaust system. The concentrating solar thermal system includes a heliostat group (1), a solar absorber (2), a solar collector tower (3), a high-temperature thermal storage tank (4), a low-temperature thermal storage tank (5), and a pump (6). The heliostat group (1) is arranged around the concentrating solar thermal system. Each heliostat consists of a plane mirror and a dual-axis tracking structure. Each heliostat has an independent tracking system. The heliostat group (1) uses a solar motion tracking algorithm and a light sensor to control the reflection of sunlight toward the same target and concentrate it into the solar absorber (2) installed on the solar collector tower (3). The solar absorber (2) is arranged around the solar collector tower (3). On the heat tower (3), the outlet of the solar absorber (2) is connected to the high-temperature heat storage tank (4) via pipe (301), the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank (4) is connected to the total flow regulating valve (40) via pipe (302), the total flow regulating valve (40) is connected in series with the wastewater concentration heater (7), the drying device (13), and the exhaust chimney (14) and then connected to the low-temperature heat storage tank (5) via pipe (316), the outlet of the low-temperature heat storage tank (5) is connected to the pump (6) via pipe (317), and the pump (6) discharge end is connected to the inlet of the solar absorber (2) via pipe (318); The wastewater treatment system includes a wastewater concentrator (7), a gas-liquid separator (8), a vertical condenser (9), a storage tank (10), a salt storage tank (11), a desalination centrifuge (12), and a drying device (13). A valve (71) is installed on the wastewater outlet pipe (304) and connected to the wastewater inlet of the wastewater concentrator (7). The wastewater concentrator (7) has a built-in heating coil (100), the outlet of which is connected to the drying device (13) via a pipe (314). 7) The steam outlet is connected to the gas-liquid separator (8). The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the upper steam inlet of the vertical condenser (9) via pipe (306). The condensate outlet of the vertical condenser (9) is connected to the liquid inlet of the storage tank (10) via pipe (308). The lower part of the vertical condenser (9) is provided with a cold air inlet. A valve (101) is installed on the drain pipe (337) at the bottom of the storage tank (10). The air outlet of the vertical condenser (9) is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney (14) via pipe (309). The lower salt outlet of the wastewater concentration heater (7) is connected to the salt storage tank (11) via a pipe (310). The salt storage tank (11) is connected to the desalination centrifuge device (12) via a pipe (311). The solid phase outlet of the desalination centrifuge device (12) is connected to the feed inlet of the drying device (13) via a pipe (312). The outlet of the drying device (13) discharges salt via a pipe (313) and a valve (131) is installed on the pipe. The drying device (13) has a built-in heating coil (101). The convection exhaust system includes an exhaust chimney (14), with an exhaust heating coil (102) arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney (14), and an insulation layer (141) covering the outer wall of the exhaust chimney (14). The exhaust outlet of the exhaust chimney (14) is connected to the external environment. The inlet of the exhaust heating coil (102) of the exhaust chimney (14) is connected to the outlet of the heating coil of the drying device (13) via a pipe (315), and the outlet of the heating coil of the exhaust chimney (14) is connected to the low-temperature heat storage tank (5) via a pipe (316).

5. The solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The exhaust heating coil 1 (102) inside the exhaust chimney (14) is replaced by the exhaust heating coil 2 (103) arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the chimney. The inlet of the heating coil is connected to the outlet of the heating coil of the drying device (13) via a pipe (315), and the outlet of the heating coil is connected to the low temperature heat storage tank (5) via a pipe (316). The outer side of the heating coil is covered with an insulation layer (151). Several heat-conducting fins (15) are arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney (14). The heat-conducting fins (15) are fixed to the inner wall of the chimney, and their heat is obtained through conduction through the chimney wall. The heat comes from the heating of the chimney wall by the outer wall heating coil.

6. The solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vertical condenser (9) is replaced by a horizontal condenser (90). The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected to the upper steam inlet of the horizontal condenser (90) via a pipe (308). The condensate outlet of the horizontal condenser (90) is connected to the liquid inlet of the storage tank (10) via a pipe (308). The cold air outlet (901) is connected to the air inlet of the horizontal condenser (90) via a pipe (307). The air outlet of the horizontal condenser (90) is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney (14) via a pipe (309).

7. A solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system, characterized in that: Includes a concentrating solar thermal collection system, a wastewater treatment system, and a convection exhaust system. The concentrating solar thermal system includes a heliostat group (1), a solar absorber (2), and a solar collector tower (3). The heliostat group (1) is arranged around the concentrating solar thermal system. The heliostat is composed of a plane mirror and a dual-axis tracking structure. Each heliostat has an independent tracking system. The heliostat group (1) uses a solar motion tracking algorithm and a light sensor to control the reflection of sunlight toward the same target and concentrate it into the solar absorber (2) installed on the solar collector tower (3). The solar absorber (2) is arranged on the solar collector tower (3). The wastewater treatment system includes a heater (16), an ejector (17), a wastewater concentration heater (70), a vertical condenser (9), a storage tank (10), a salt storage tank (11), a desalination centrifuge (12), and a drying device (13). The inlet of the heater (16) is connected to the inlet pipe (325), and a valve (161) is installed on the inlet pipe (325). The heat source outlet of the solar absorber (2) is connected to the heat source inlet of the heater (16). The steam outlet of the heater (16) is connected to the working fluid inlet of the ejector (17). The ejector fluid inlet of the ejector (17) is connected to the top of the wastewater concentration heater (70). The mixed fluid outlet of the ejector (70) is divided into three parallel pipelines as the main pipeline. The first pipeline (329) is connected to the inlet of the heating coil (104) of the wastewater concentration heater (70), and the second pipeline (330) is connected to the drying device. The inlet of the heating coil (101) of the dry equipment (13) is connected, and the third branch pipe (332) is connected to the inlet of the heating coil (102) of the exhaust chimney (14); the wastewater concentrator heater (70) is connected to the upper steam inlet of the vertical condenser (9), the condensate outlet of the vertical condenser (9) is connected to the liquid inlet of the storage tank (10), the lower part of the vertical condenser (9) is provided with a cold air inlet, a valve (105) is installed on the bottom drain pipe (337) of the storage tank (10), the air outlet of the vertical condenser (9) is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney (14), the wastewater inlet of the wastewater concentrator heater (70) is connected to the wastewater outlet pipe (304) and a valve (701) is installed on the wastewater outlet pipe (304), the wastewater concentrator heater (70) has a built-in wastewater heating coil (104), and the outlet of the wastewater heating coil (104) is connected to the liquid inlet of the storage tank (10). The lower salt outlet of the wastewater concentration heater (70) is connected to the salt storage tank (11), the salt storage tank (11) is connected to the desalination centrifuge device (12), the solid phase outlet of the desalination centrifuge device (12) is connected to the feed inlet of the drying device (13), the drying device (13) has a built-in drying heating coil (101), and the outlet of the drying heating coil is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank (10); The convection exhaust system includes an exhaust chimney (14), an exhaust heating coil (102) is arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney (14), the outer wall of the exhaust chimney (14) is covered with an insulation layer (141), the exhaust port of the exhaust chimney (14) is connected to the external environment, the inlet of the exhaust heating coil (102) of the exhaust chimney (14) is connected to the mixed fluid outlet of the ejector (17), and the outlet of the exhaust heating coil (102) of the exhaust chimney (14) is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank (10).

8. A solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The exhaust heating coil 1 (102) inside the exhaust chimney (14) is replaced by the exhaust heating coil 2 (103) arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the chimney. The inlet of the exhaust heating coil 2 is connected to the mixing fluid outlet of the injector (17). The outer side of the heating coil is covered with an insulation layer (151). Several heat-conducting fins (15) are arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the exhaust chimney (14). The heat-conducting fins (15) are fixed to the inner wall of the chimney, and their heat is obtained through the conduction of the chimney wall. The heat comes from the heating of the chimney wall by the outer wall heating coil.

9. A solar-powered multi-stage driven high-salinity wastewater treatment system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The vertical condenser (9) is replaced by a horizontal condenser (90). The condensate outlet of the horizontal condenser (90) is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank (10) via a pipe (334). The cold air outlet (91) is connected to the air inlet of the horizontal condenser (90) via a pipe (307). The air outlet of the horizontal condenser (90) is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust chimney (14) via a pipe (309).

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