Construction and application method of marine anchoring device

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction and application method of an ocean anchoring device. The construction and application method comprises the steps that S1, the anchoring device and a seabed support are put into a target area; s2, positioning and adjusting the positions of an anchoring device and a seabed support in real time before sinking to the bottom; s3, after sinking to the bottom, driving an anchoring device to penetrate to a preset depth under the support of a seabed bracket, and reinforcing; and S4, recycling the seabed support. The construction process is divided into management before sinking and management after sinking, the mode of depending on experience of constructors in the past is changed into the mode of depending on positioning accuracy, and the predictability of construction accuracy is greatly improved. And after sinking to the bottom, driving penetration and reinforcement are carried out under the support of a seabed support, the installation precision is ensured, the installation strength is improved, the mode of depending on a soil layer structure in the past is changed into the mode of depending on combination of grouting slurry and a surrounding soil layer, and the stability after construction and predictability of anti-drawing performance are greatly improved. And finally, standardized management of the construction process and the construction result is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of marine foundation engineering construction and geotechnical engineering, specifically to a method for the construction and application of a marine anchoring device. Background Technology

[0002] Marine anchoring devices play an irreplaceable and crucial role in marine infrastructure construction, serving as the cornerstone for ensuring the safe and stable operation of marine engineering structures. Through high-strength, corrosion-resistant materials and precise design, they firmly secure floating platforms, subsea pipelines, offshore wind power facilities, and other structures to the complex and ever-changing marine environment, effectively resisting the impact of natural forces such as wind, waves, and currents, and preventing structural drift or capsizing. However, due to the unique marine environment, the construction efficiency and precision of anchoring devices often depend on the professionalism of the construction personnel, resulting in varying outcomes depending on the skill level of the workers. Furthermore, the stability and pull-out resistance of anchoring devices are often dependent on the soil structure, with different performance characteristics varying across different construction areas. Therefore, we need to standardize and manage construction capabilities scientifically to improve their predictability.

[0003] Application content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a method for the construction and application of marine anchoring devices, the specific technical solution of which is as follows:

[0005] A method for constructing and applying a marine anchoring device includes: S1, deploying the anchoring device and seabed support to the target area; S2, positioning and adjusting the position of the anchoring device and seabed support in real time before sinking; S3, driving the anchoring device to penetrate to a preset depth with the support of the seabed support after sinking; S4, retrieving the seabed support.

[0006] After the anchoring device in S3 has penetrated to the preset depth, the soil layer around the anchoring device is reinforced.

[0007] After the seabed support is recovered in S4, the long-term operating status of the anchoring device is monitored by a monitoring device.

[0008] S1 includes: S1.1, transporting the anchoring device and seabed support to the target area via an offshore platform; S1.2, pre-assembling the anchoring device and seabed support together; S1.3, using construction equipment mounted on the offshore platform, deploying the pre-assembled anchoring device and seabed support to the target area via an anchor chain structure.

[0009] S2 includes: S2.1, real-time positioning of the anchor chain structure, and calculation of the anchoring device's position information below the sea surface using the anchor chain structure's position relative to the offshore platform; S2.2, real-time adjustment of the anchoring device and seabed support's position below the sea surface using the anchor chain structure, so that the anchoring device and seabed support are located in the target area.

[0010] S3 includes: S3.1 After sinking to the bottom, the anchoring device and the seabed support rely on their own weight to insert the seabed support into the soil layer to complete the initial positioning; S3.2 Within the range of the seabed support, the position and angle of the anchoring device penetrating the soil layer are adjusted with small amplitude and high precision; S3.3 The anchoring device is penetrated into the soil layer to the preset depth by the driving device; S3.4 After the penetration is completed, the soil layer around the anchoring device is reinforced by grouting through the grouting device.

[0011] S4 includes: S4.1, disassembling the anchoring device and assembling the seabed support, and recovering the seabed support; S4.2, connecting one end of the anchor chain structure on the sea surface to the buoy; S4.3, using monitoring devices to monitor the long-term operating status of the anchoring device, and using the buoy as a relay to transmit the data collected by the anchoring device on the seabed back to the server; S4.4, observing the geological changes in the target area based on the transmitted data, to provide reference indicators for whether the target area is suitable for offshore engineering infrastructure construction.

[0012] S2.1 Real-time positioning of the anchor chain structure includes: S2.11 Calculating the coordinate position of the anchoring device in the longitudinal plane based on the attitude of each anchor chain segment; S2.12 Calculating the coordinate position of the anchoring device at sea level based on the floating angle of the offshore platform and the anchor chain structure on the sea surface; S2.13 Combining the coordinate position of the anchoring device in the longitudinal plane and its coordinate position at sea level to obtain the three-dimensional coordinate position of the anchoring device.

[0013] In S3.3, when the driving anchoring device penetrates the soil layer, the shear strength of the soil layer is detected by a shearing instrument.

[0014] In S4.2, when one end of the anchor chain structure is connected to the buoy on the sea surface, a linear generator is activated. The electromagnetic cutting motion of the buoy's up-and-down movement on the sea surface generates electricity to provide long-term power for the monitoring of the anchoring device.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: by dividing the construction process into pre-sinking and post-sinking management, the positioning and adjustment of the anchoring device before sinking improves construction accuracy, shifting from reliance on the experience of construction personnel to reliance on precise positioning, significantly improving the predictability of construction accuracy. After sinking, the anchoring device is driven and reinforced under the support of the seabed support, ensuring installation accuracy and improving installation strength. This shifts from reliance on the soil structure to reliance on the bonding between the grout and the surrounding soil, significantly improving the predictability of post-construction stability and pull-out resistance. Ultimately, the construction process and results are standardized. After construction is completed, the long-term operating status of the anchoring device is monitored, providing data support for subsequent applications and reliability verification of construction methods.

[0016] Instruction manual illustrations

[0017] Figure 1This is a flowchart illustrating the application process.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal plane during the construction of the offshore operation platform in this application, where a is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal plane positioning principle;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning device structure in this application;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal plane during the construction of the offshore operation platform in this application, where b is a schematic diagram of the horizontal plane positioning principle;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the submarine support structure in this application;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal drive motor structure in this application;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the actuation-type drive device structure in this application;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the grouting structure within the anchoring device in this application;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anchoring device in this application, which includes a strain gauge and a cross shear plate. In this diagram, c is a schematic diagram of the strain gauge installed in the anchor wing of the anchoring device, and d is a schematic diagram of the cross shear plate when viewed from below.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring device and power supply components in this application;

[0027] The components are as follows: 001 - Offshore platform; 101 - Construction equipment; 102 - External server; 002 - Anchor chain structure; 201 - Connecting chain; 202 - Positioning chain; 2021 - Inclinometer; 2022 - Signal converter; 2023 - Signal transmitter; 203 - Grouting pipe; 204 - Non-destructive signal transmission cable; 003 - Anchoring device; 301 - Anchoring body; 302 - Partition; 303 - Annular storage chamber; 304 - Anchor wing; 305 - Strain gauge; 306 - Cross shear plate; 307 - Signal processing unit; 308 - Signal receiving unit. 309 - Energy storage unit, 004 - Seabed support, 0041 - Trapezoidal frame structure, 0042 - Reinforcing beam, 0043 - Counterweight, 0044 - Drive rod, 005 - Horizontal drive motor, 0051 - Power component, 0052 - Transmission component, 0053 - Driven wheel, 0054 - Drive hole, 006 - Actuated drive device, 0061 - Linear drive device, 0062 - Linear-rotation conversion device, 0063 - Self-weight block, 0064 - Traction rope, 007 - Power supply component, 701 - Permanent magnet, 702 - Coil, 008 - Float. Specific Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts of this application.

[0029] like Figure 1-10 As shown, a method for constructing and applying a marine anchoring device includes:

[0030] S1. Deploy the anchoring device 003 and the seabed support 004 to the target area. Specifically, this includes:

[0031] S1.1 Transport the anchoring device 003 and the seabed support 004 to the target area via the offshore platform 001.

[0032] S1.2 Pre-assemble the anchoring device 003 and the seabed support 004 together.

[0033] S1.3 Using the construction equipment 101 mounted on the offshore platform 001, the pre-assembled anchoring device 003 and the seabed support 004 are deployed to the target area via the anchor chain structure 002.

[0034] In practical applications, the anchor chain structure 002 can be applied by using a flexible sleeve to wrap the connecting chain 201 and add functional lines (such as positioning chain 202, lossless signal transmission cable 204 and grouting pipe 203, etc.). The connecting chain 201 plays a role in stably connecting the construction equipment 101 or float 008 to the anchoring device 003. The functional lines mainly play a role in increasing the functionality of the anchoring device 003 during construction and application.

[0035] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the positions of S2, the anchoring device 003 (real-time positioning and adjustment before sinking), and the seabed support 004 are shown. Specifically, this includes:

[0036] S2.1 Real-time positioning of the anchor chain structure 002: The position of the anchoring device 003 below the sea surface is calculated using the position of the anchor chain structure 002 relative to the offshore platform 001. Specifically, a positioning chain 202 can be added to the anchor chain structure 002. Several positioning devices are evenly distributed on the positioning chain 202. The positioning devices include an inclinometer 2021, used to measure the angle between the positioning chain 202 at a certain node and the direction of gravity; a signal converter 2022, electrically connected to the inclinometer 2021, used to convert the angle signal measured by the inclinometer 2021 into an electrical signal; and a signal transmitter 2023, electrically connected to the signal converter 2022, used to send the electrical signal converted by the signal converter 2022 to an external server 102.

[0037] S2.11. Calculate the coordinate position of the anchoring device 003 in the longitudinal plane based on the position of each anchor chain structure 002. Specifically, a three-dimensional coordinate system is used to express the position information of the anchoring structure, and the position of the anchoring structure in the X, Y, and Z directions is determined by decomposing the three-dimensional coordinate system into a two-dimensional plane. The electrical signal transmitted back by the positioning device is converted into angle information. Based on the tilt angle α of a certain node of the positioning chain 202 measured by the positioning device, and the distance L between any two positioning devices on the positioning chain 202 is the length of that node, the distance in the x and y directions of that node can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem:

[0038] x = L × cosα

[0039] y = L × sinα,

[0040] Where x is the horizontal length of the node at the tilt angle α, and y is the vertical height of the node at the tilt angle α. The distances in the x and y directions of adjacent nodes on the positioning chain 202 are accumulated to obtain the coordinates of a certain segment of the positioning chain 202. When accumulated to the position where it connects to the anchoring structure, the final position coordinates of the anchoring structure in the X and Y directions are obtained.

[0041] S2.12. Calculate the coordinate position of the anchoring device 003 on the sea surface based on the floating angles of the offshore platform 001 and the anchor chain structure 002. Specifically, fix the positive directions of the Y and Z coordinate axes based on the initial position information of the offshore platform, project the measured movement position information of the offshore platform onto the positive directions of the coordinate axes, and calculate the movement angle β. Using the Pythagorean theorem, the position coordinates of the anchoring structure in the Z direction can be calculated as follows:

[0042] Z = Y × sinβ.

[0043] S2.13. Combining the coordinate positions of the anchoring device 003 in the longitudinal plane and its coordinate position at sea level, the three-dimensional coordinates X, Y, and Z of the anchoring device 003 are obtained as follows:

[0044] [L×cosα1+L×cosα2+L×cosα3+L×cosα4...,L×sinα1+L×sinα2+L×sinα3+L×sinα4...,(L×sinα1+L×sinα2+L×sinα3+L×sinα4...)×sinβ).

[0045] In practical applications, based on the above construction positioning method, when the offshore platform is at position one, the coordinates of the anchoring structure are:

[0046] [L×cosα1+L×cosα2+L×cosα3+L×cosα4...,L×sinα1+L×sinα2+L×sinα3+L×sinα4...,(L×sinα1+L×sinα2+L×sinα3+L×sinα4...)×sinβ1)。

[0047] When the offshore platform is in position two, the coordinates of the anchoring structure are:

[0048] (L×cosα1+L×cosα2+L×cosα3+L×cosα4...,L×sinα1+L×sinα2+L×sinα3+L×sinα4...,0).

[0049] When the offshore platform is in position three, the coordinates of the anchoring structure are:

[0050] [L×cosα1+L×cosα2+L×cosα3+L×cosα4...,L×sinα1+L×sinα2+L×sinα3+L×sinα4...,(L×sinα1+L×sinα2+L×sinα3+L×sinα4...)×sinβ3)。

[0051] S2.2 The anchoring device 003 and the seabed support 004 are adjusted in real time under the sea surface by the anchor chain structure 002, so that the anchoring device 003 and the seabed support 004 are located in the target area.

[0052] S3. After sinking to the bottom, the anchoring device 003 is driven to the preset depth and reinforced under the support of the seabed support 004. Specifically, this includes:

[0053] S3.1, the anchoring device 003 and the seabed support 004, after sinking to the bottom, rely on their own weight to insert the seabed support 004 into the soil layer for initial positioning. In practical applications, the seabed support 004 includes a trapezoidal frame structure 0041. Reinforcing beams 0042 are installed at the top and middle of the trapezoid. The protruding feet at the bottom of the trapezoid are used to penetrate the surface to be constructed. The protruding feet at the bottom of the trapezoid are designed with sharp points to reduce resistance during penetration into the seabed soil layer, facilitating penetration along with the helical anchor. A detachable base counterweight 0043 is installed on the seabed support 004 to enhance the overall stability of the seabed support 004.

[0054] S3.2. Within the range of the seabed support 004, make small-amplitude, high-precision adjustments to the position and angle of the anchoring device 003 penetrating the soil layer.

[0055] S3.3, The anchoring device 003 is driven into the soil to a predetermined depth using a driving device. The shear strength of the soil is detected using a shear tester while the anchoring device 003 is penetrating the soil. In practical applications, the driving device can be installed using a seabed support 004. Two driving device structures are disclosed below to illustrate the practicality of this application. The two driving device structures are: a horizontal drive motor 005 and an actuation-type drive device 006.

[0056] The horizontal drive motor 005 includes a power component 0051 and a transmission component 0052. The transmission component 0052 includes a driving wheel and a driven wheel 0053. The power component 0051 drives the driving wheel, which in turn drives the driven wheel 0053. The driven wheel 0053 has a drive hole 0054 that penetrates its upper and lower surfaces. The driving wheel and driven wheel 0053 can be configured as bevel gears, meshing to change the direction of force output. In use, a drive rod 0044 is used, with one end of the drive rod 0044 penetrating the drive hole 0054 and the other end detachably connected to the anchoring device 003.

[0057] The actuated drive device 006 includes a linear drive device 0061 and a linear-to-rotary conversion device 0062. The linear drive device 0061 provides the power for linear reciprocating motion. In practical applications, it can be driven by cylinders, hydraulics, electricity, electro-hydraulic systems, etc. Based on the installation scenario of the seabed spiral anchor, the linear drive device 0061 should be a low-frequency, long-stroke device. The linear-to-rotary conversion device 0062 uses a cylindrical cam mechanism. Its input end is connected to the linear drive device 0061, and its output end is connected to the anchoring device 003. It converts linear motion into rotational motion and transmits the rotational motion to the anchoring device 003 to drive its rotation. In practical applications, it can be used in conjunction with a self-weight block 0063 and a traction rope 0064. The self-weight block 0063 is located on the side of the linear drive device 0061 facing away from the linear-to-rotary conversion device 0062, providing support for the linear drive device 0061 and providing a reaction force for the conversion of linear motion into rotational motion. One end of the traction rope 0064 is fixedly installed in the middle of the self-weight block 0063, and the other end of the traction rope 0064 is connected to the external construction equipment 101 to keep the actuated drive device 006 always vertically downward.

[0058] S3.4 After penetration, the soil around the anchoring device 003 is reinforced by grouting using a grouting device. In practical applications, the anchoring device 003 includes an anchoring body 301, with a partition 302 inside. An annular storage chamber 303 for storing grout is formed between the sidewall of the anchoring body 301 and the partition 302. Several grouting micro-holes are provided on the sidewall of the anchoring body 301 to orderly discharge the grout stored in the annular storage chamber 303 from the anchoring body 301. A grouting pipe 203 is added to the anchor chain structure 002. One end of the grouting pipe 203 is connected to the annular storage chamber 303, and the other end is connected to the construction equipment 101 or to the float 008. When the anchoring device 003 penetrates to the preset depth, the construction equipment 101 pressurizes the annular storage chamber 303 through the grouting pipe 203. When the pressure reaches the preset value, the grout diffuses from the grouting micro-holes into the surrounding soil. The grout can be stored in advance in the annular storage chamber 303, or it can be injected when needed through the grouting pipe 203.

[0059] S4. Recover the seabed support 004 and monitor the long-term operational status of the anchoring device 003. Specifically, this includes:

[0060] S4.1 Disassemble the anchoring device 003 and the seabed support 004 and recover the seabed support 004.

[0061] S4.2 Connect one end of the anchor chain structure 002 to the buoy 008 on the sea surface.

[0062] S4.3 The long-term operating status of the anchoring device 003 is monitored using a monitoring device, and the data collected by the anchoring device 003 on the seabed is transmitted back to the server using a buoy 008 as a relay. In practical applications, a lossless signal transmission cable 204 is added to the anchor chain structure 002. Signal transmission on the seabed is difficult and requires a dedicated cable for data transmission. In this case, we can use the buoy 008 as a relay. Storage and communication modules are installed inside the buoy 008. First, the data collected by the anchoring device 003 on the seabed is transmitted to the buoy 008 located on the sea surface via the lossless signal transmission cable 204. Then, the data is uploaded to the server via the buoy 008. When collecting data, the anchoring device 003 includes a monitoring component, which comprises a strain gauge 305 and / or a cross shear plate 306. The strain gauge 305 is located within the anchor wing 304 of the anchoring device 003 and / or within the side wall of the anchoring body 301. The cross shear plate 306 is located on the top of the anchoring body 301 facing the construction surface. The strain gauge 305 is used to monitor stress changes in the anchoring device 003, and the cross shear plate 306 is used to monitor changes in the shear strength of the helical anchor when penetrating the soil layer in S3.3. A signal processing component is also included, comprising a signal receiving unit 308 and a signal processing unit 307. The signal receiving unit 308 is further divided into... The signal processing unit 307 is communicatively connected to the stress gauge and the cross shear plate 306 to receive signals monitored by the stress gauge and the cross shear plate 306, respectively. The signal processing unit 307 is communicatively connected to the signal receiving unit 308 to process the signals received by the signal receiving unit 308. The signal processing unit 307 also communicates with the external server 102 to send the processed signals to the external server 102. The power supply component 007 is electrically connected to both the monitoring component and the signal processing component to provide the necessary power for the monitoring component during operation. The signal processing component and the power supply component 007 are located within the main structure. Strain gauges 305 are uniformly arranged within the anchor wing 304 located in the lower half of the main structure. The power supply component 007 includes: an energy storage unit 309 and a linear generator. The energy storage unit 309 is electrically connected to the monitoring component and the signal processing component respectively. The linear generator includes a coil 702 and a permanent magnet 701. The permanent magnet 701 generates electricity by cutting relative to the coil 702. The coil 702 is electrically connected to the energy storage unit 309 and is used to transmit the generated electricity to the energy storage power source. The permanent magnet 701 is set on the anchor chain and is used to use the swing of the anchor chain in the waves as the power for the permanent magnet 701 to cut relative to the coil 702.

[0063] S4.4 Observe the geological changes in the target area based on the returned data to provide reference indicators for whether the target area is suitable for offshore engineering infrastructure construction.

[0064] In practical applications, the reinforcement of the soil layer around the anchoring device in S3 and the monitoring of the long-term operating status of the anchoring device in S4 are generally not carried out at the same time, so as to prevent the reinforcement from affecting the monitoring effect.

Claims

1. A method for constructing and applying a marine anchoring device, characterized in that, include: S1. Deploy the anchoring device and seabed support to the target area; S2. Real-time positioning and adjustment of anchoring devices and seabed support positions before sinking to the bottom; S3. After sinking to the bottom, the anchoring device is driven to penetrate to the preset depth with the support of the seabed support. S4. Recover the seabed support structure.

2. The construction and application method of the marine anchoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, after the anchoring device penetrates to a preset depth, the soil layer around the anchoring device is reinforced.

3. The construction and application method of the marine anchoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, after the seabed support is recovered, the long-term operating status of the anchoring device is monitored by a monitoring device.

4. The construction and application method of the marine anchoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, S1 includes: S1.1 Transport the anchoring device and seabed support to the target area via an offshore platform; S1.2 Pre-assemble the anchoring device and the seabed support together; S1.3 Using construction equipment mounted on an offshore platform, the pre-assembled anchoring device and seabed support are deployed to the target area via an anchor chain structure.

5. The construction and application method of the marine anchoring device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, S2 includes: S2.

1. Real-time positioning of the anchor chain structure, and calculation of the anchoring device's position information below the sea surface using the position of the anchor chain structure relative to the offshore platform; S2.2 The anchor chain structure is used to adjust the position of the anchoring device and the seabed support in real time below the sea surface, so that the anchoring device and the seabed support are located in the target area.

6. The construction and application method of the marine anchoring device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, S3 includes: S3.1 After sinking to the bottom, the anchoring device and the seabed support rely on their own weight to insert the seabed support into the soil layer to complete the initial positioning. S3.

2. Within the range of the seabed support, make small-amplitude, high-precision adjustments to the position and angle of the anchoring device penetrating the soil layer; S3.3, Drive the anchoring device to the preset depth in the soil layer; S3.4 After penetration is completed, the soil around the anchoring device is reinforced by grouting using a grouting device.

7. The construction and application method of the marine anchoring device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, S4 includes: S4.1 Disassemble the anchoring device and the seabed support assembly and retrieve the seabed support; S4.2 Connect one end of the anchor chain structure to the buoy on the sea surface; S4.3 Utilize monitoring devices to monitor the long-term operating status of the anchoring device, and use buoys as relays to transmit the data collected by the anchoring device on the seabed back to the server. S4.4 Observe the geological changes in the target area based on the returned data to provide reference indicators for whether the target area is suitable for offshore engineering infrastructure construction.

8. The construction and application method of the marine anchoring device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The real-time positioning of the anchor chain structure in S2.1 includes: S2.11 Calculate the coordinate position of the anchoring device in the longitudinal plane based on the posture of each anchor chain segment; S2.12 Calculate the coordinate position of the anchoring device on the sea surface based on the floating angle of the offshore platform and anchor chain structure on the sea surface; S2.

13. By combining the coordinate position of the anchoring device in the longitudinal plane and its coordinate position at sea level, the three-dimensional coordinate position of the anchoring device is obtained.

9. The construction and application method of the marine anchoring device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In S3.3, when the driving anchoring device penetrates the soil layer, the shear strength of the soil layer is detected by a shearing instrument.

10. The construction and application method of the marine anchoring device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In S4.2, when one end of the anchor chain structure is connected to the buoy on the sea surface, a linear generator is activated. The electromagnetic cutting motion of the buoy's up-and-down movement on the sea surface generates electricity to provide power for long-term monitoring of the anchoring device.

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