Rapid analysis method for characteristic components of solid waste

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly analyzing characteristic components of solid wastes. The method comprises the following steps: S1, sampling incoming materials of each batch according to the appearance and physical characteristics of the incoming materials; s2, performing elemental qualitative-semi-quantitative quick detection on the sample by using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to obtain the elemental composition of the material; s3, weighing a proper amount of a to-be-detected sample, and carrying out calorific value item detection on the to-be-detected sample by using a calorimeter; s4, measuring moisture, ash content and volatile components of the sample by using a muffle furnace and a drying oven; and S5, summarizing the analyzed and measured data, and generating a detailed analysis report. By optimizing the sample treatment process and adopting a rapid analysis instrument, the analysis efficiency is greatly improved, the real-time decision-making requirement of a hazardous waste treatment plant is met, the use of a complex sample pretreatment reagent is reduced, the analysis cost is reduced, the requirement for professional skills of operators is relatively low, the method can be operated through simple training, and the method is suitable for popularization and application. Popularization and application are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hazardous waste treatment and analysis technology, specifically to a rapid analysis method for characteristic components of solid waste. Background Technology

[0002] Hazardous waste treatment plants receive solid waste from a wide range of sources and with complex compositions, potentially containing heavy metals, organic toxins, flammable and explosive substances, corrosive materials, and other characteristic components. Accurate and rapid analysis of these characteristic components is crucial for hazardous waste treatment plants to select appropriate treatment processes, ensure the safety of the treatment process, and reduce potential environmental hazards.

[0003] Traditional analytical methods have many drawbacks. For example, classical chemical analysis requires cumbersome sample pretreatment steps, such as digestion, extraction, and separation, resulting in a long analysis cycle, low efficiency, and the potential for introducing errors. Common instrumental analysis methods, such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), offer high detection accuracy, but the equipment is expensive, maintenance costs are high, sample pretreatment is complex, and the professional skills required of operators are extremely high. Furthermore, the analysis time is long, failing to meet the real-time, rapid decision-making needs of hazardous waste treatment plants. In addition, single analytical methods often only detect a specific type of characteristic component, making it difficult to comprehensively cover the complex and diverse components in hazardous waste and providing complete data support for hazardous waste treatment. With the rapid development of the hazardous waste treatment industry and the increasing demands for treatment volume and efficiency, there is an urgent need for a method that can quickly, comprehensively, accurately, and cost-effectively analyze the characteristic components of solid waste in hazardous waste treatment plants. Therefore, this paper proposes a rapid analytical method for the characteristic components of solid waste to address the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems mentioned in the background section, the technical solution adopted by this invention is: a rapid analysis method for characteristic components of solid waste, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Sample each batch of incoming materials according to their appearance and physical properties. Perform stratification, material state, color, odor, turbidity screening, viscosity screening, free liquid percentage analysis, pH qualitative analysis, flammability screening, water compatibility-temperature change, water compatibility-reactivity, water compatibility-solubility, polymerizability-reactivity, and polymerizability- Rapid fingerprint analysis of temperature change, sulfide screening, oxidant screening, cyanide screening, ammonia screening, and acid / base reactivity can be used to determine whether other unconventional testing items need to be added in the next step. Step S2: Use X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to perform elemental qualitative and semi-quantitative rapid detection on the sample to determine the elemental composition of the material; Step S3: Weigh an appropriate amount of the sample to be tested and use a calorimeter to test its calorific value. Based on the calorific value results, determine whether the material should be incinerated or treated as a physicochemical substance. Use an ion chromatograph to measure the incineration residue, using a standard anion solution as a control. Qualitative analysis is performed by retention time, and quantitative analysis is performed by peak area to obtain the concentrations of fluoride, chloride, bromide, sulfate, and phosphate ions. Then, calculate the total fluoride, total chloride, total bromide, total sulfur, and total phosphorus content of the sample based on the relative molecular mass of each ion. For physicochemical treatment, quantitative analysis of the physicochemical indicators of COD, ammonia nitrogen, pH, total salt content, heavy metals, cyanide, and sulfide is required. Step S4: Use a muffle furnace and an oven to determine the moisture, ash and volatile matter content of the sample. Under heating conditions, monitor the thermal effect and mass change of the sample. Step S5: Summarize the data obtained from each analysis, process them using data analysis software, calculate the content and concentration parameters of various characteristic components, and generate a detailed analysis report.

[0005] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S2, the content of heavy metal elements in the solution is determined by qualitative-semi-quantitative determination using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer; according to the processing requirements, for individual key heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium and arsenic, a further high-precision quantitative detection is performed in accordance with "HJ 781-2016 Determination of 22 Metallic Elements in Solid Waste by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry".

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S3, an ion chromatograph determines inorganic anions including fluoride ions, chloride ions, bromide ions, sulfate ions and phosphate ions, and calculates the total fluorine, total chloride, total bromine, total sulfur and total phosphorus content according to the relative molecular mass of each ion.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S5, the report content includes sample information, analysis method, analysis results, environmental risk assessment and treatment recommendations, providing comprehensive technical support for the subsequent decision-making of hazardous waste treatment plants.

[0008] The present invention has the following advantages: by optimizing the sample processing flow and using rapid analytical instruments, the present invention greatly improves the analysis efficiency and meets the real-time decision-making needs of hazardous waste treatment plants; Avoid using ultra-high-end and expensive analytical instruments, rationally select conventional equipment, and reduce the use of complex sample pretreatment reagents to lower analysis costs; Each analytical step is relatively simple to operate and requires relatively low professional skills from operators. They can be operated after simple training, making it easy to promote and apply. This method covers the analysis of various characteristic components commonly found in hazardous waste, such as inorganic components, organic components, flammable and explosive substances, and corrosive substances. It can comprehensively reflect the characteristics of hazardous waste and provide complete data for hazardous waste treatment. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a rapid analysis method for characteristic components of solid waste according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0011] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0012] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 This invention provides a rapid analysis method for characteristic components of solid waste, comprising the following steps: Sample collection and fingerprint analysis (samples are taken from the hazardous waste storage area, and fingerprint analysis is performed on qualitative indicators such as flammability and oxidizability of the samples): Step S1: Sample each batch of incoming materials according to their appearance, physical properties, etc. Perform stratification, material state, color, odor, turbidity screening, viscosity screening, free liquid percentage analysis, pH qualitative analysis, flammability screening, water compatibility-temperature change, water compatibility-reactivity, water compatibility-solubility, polymerizability-reactivity, and polymerizability- Rapid fingerprint analysis of items such as temperature change, sulfide screening, oxidant screening, cyanide screening, ammonia screening, and acid / base reactivity can be used to determine whether other unconventional testing items need to be added in the next step.

[0013] Rapid analysis of inorganic components: Step S2: Use X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to perform elemental qualitative and semi-quantitative rapid detection on the sample to determine the elemental composition of the material; Step S3: Weigh an appropriate amount of the sample to be tested and use a calorimeter to test its calorific value. Based on the calorific value results, determine whether the material should be incinerated or treated as a physicochemical product. Rinse the residue inside the oxygen bomb with ultrapure water and bring the volume to 100 mL for later use. Filter the prepared solution using a C18 column, H column, and 0.45 μm filter column to obtain the test solution. Measure the solution using an ion chromatograph, using a standard anion solution as a control. Qualitative analysis is performed by retention time, and quantitative analysis by peak area to obtain the concentrations of fluoride, chloride, bromide, sulfate, and phosphate ions. Then, calculate the total fluoride, total chloride, total bromine, total sulfur, and total phosphorus content of the sample based on the relative molecular mass of each ion. For physicochemical treatment, quantitative analysis of physicochemical indicators such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, pH, total salt content, heavy metals, cyanide, and sulfide is required. Ion chromatography is used to determine the content of fluoride, sulfate, chloride, nitrate, and nitrite ions in the sample.

[0014] Rapid analysis of thermogravimetric data: Step S4: Use a muffle furnace and an oven to determine the moisture, ash and volatile matter content of the sample. Use ion chromatography to determine the total fluorine, total sulfur, total chlorine, total bromine and total phosphorus content of the sample. Under heating conditions, monitor the thermal effect and mass change of the sample. Combine the sample calorific value results obtained in step S3 to verify the sample data.

[0015] Data processing and report generation: Step S5: Summarize the data obtained from each analysis, process it using data analysis software, calculate the content and concentration parameters of various characteristic components, and generate a detailed analysis report. The report includes sample information, analytical methods, analytical results, environmental risk assessment, and treatment recommendations, providing comprehensive technical support for the hazardous waste treatment plant's subsequent decision-making.

[0016] Specifically, in the application of this invention, Example 1: Solid waste samples were collected at the inlet of a hazardous waste treatment plant. The samples to be tested were obtained according to the above-described sample collection and preliminary treatment methods. Composition analysis was performed. Calorimetry determined the material's calorific value to be 2553 cal / g. Ion chromatography showed that the total fluorine content was less than 0.01%, the total chlorine content was 0.33%, and the total sulfur content was 0.22%. Using an electric drying oven and muffle furnace, the material's moisture content was found to be 60.4%, the volatile matter content was 34.2%, and the ash content was 4.44%. Based on the analysis results, it is recommended that the hazardous waste be disposed of using incineration, with the resulting residue to be handed over to a qualified unit for harmless treatment (as shown in Table 1).

[0017] Table 1 Sample Composition Analysis Table Example 2: Analysis of waste acid from a chemical plant. Repeating the above analytical steps, fingerprint analysis confirmed the material to be a light green liquid with an acidity of 0.70 mol / L, COD of 2948 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen of 233 mg / L, density of 1.027 g / mL, and total salt content of 10240 mg / L. Ion chromatography showed no detectable fluoride or chloride ions, nitrate concentration of 21003 mg / L, and sulfate concentration of 2195 mg / L. Based on the analytical results, it is recommended that this hazardous waste be disposed of using a physicochemical treatment process, and the resulting sludge be handed over to a qualified unit for harmless treatment (as shown in Table 2).

[0018] Table 2 Analysis of waste acid from a chemical plant The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0019] Other parts of this invention that are not detailed herein are all prior art and will not be described further here.

[0020] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid analysis method for characteristic components of solid waste, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Sample each batch of incoming materials according to their appearance and physical properties. Perform stratification, material state, color, odor, turbidity screening, viscosity screening, free liquid percentage analysis, pH qualitative analysis, flammability screening, water compatibility-temperature change, water compatibility-reactivity, water compatibility-solubility, polymerizability-reactivity, and polymerizability- Rapid fingerprint analysis of temperature change, sulfide screening, oxidant screening, cyanide screening, ammonia screening, and acid / base reactivity can be used to determine whether other unconventional testing items need to be added in the next step. Step S2: Use X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to perform elemental qualitative and semi-quantitative rapid detection on the sample to determine the elemental composition of the material; Step S3: Weigh an appropriate amount of the sample to be tested and use a calorimeter to test its calorific value. Based on the calorific value results, determine whether the material should be incinerated or treated as a physicochemical product. Use an ion chromatograph to measure the incineration residue, using a standard anion solution as a control. Qualitative analysis is performed by retention time, and quantitative analysis is performed by peak area to obtain the concentrations of fluoride, chloride, bromide, sulfate, and phosphate ions. Then, calculate the total fluoride, total chloride, total bromide, total sulfur, and total phosphorus content of the sample based on the relative molecular mass of each ion. For physicochemical treatment, quantitative analysis of the physicochemical indicators of COD, ammonia nitrogen, pH, total salt content, heavy metals, cyanide, and sulfide is required. Step S4: Use a muffle furnace and an oven to determine the moisture, ash and volatile matter content of the sample. Under heating conditions, monitor the thermal effect and mass change of the sample. Step S5: Summarize the data obtained from each analysis, process them using data analysis software, calculate the content and concentration parameters of various characteristic components, and generate a detailed analysis report.

2. The rapid analysis method for characteristic components of solid waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the content of heavy metal elements in the solution is determined by qualitative-semi-quantitative determination using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer; according to the processing requirements, for individual key heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium and arsenic, a further high-precision quantitative detection is performed as required.

3. The rapid analysis method for characteristic components of solid waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the ion chromatograph determines the inorganic anions, including fluoride ions, chloride ions, bromide ions, sulfate ions, and phosphate ions. The total fluorine, total chloride, total bromide, total sulfur, and total phosphorus contents are calculated based on the relative molecular mass of each ion.

4. The rapid analysis method for characteristic components of solid waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the report includes sample information, analytical methods, analytical results, environmental risk assessment, and treatment recommendations.

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