Modularized three-section ice rock clastic flow test device and test method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a modularized three-section ice rock clastic flow test device and a test method thereof, and belongs to the field of geological disaster simulation test devices.The test device comprises a modularized sliding groove system, a closed-loop temperature control chamber system, a circulating water supply and tailing treatment system, a multi-dimensional monitoring system and a machine vision recording system. According to the invention, the three sections of sliding chutes are arranged, and the gradient and cross section shape of the three sections of sliding chutes are limited in detail, so that the gradient difference of the three sections of landforms simulated by the three sections of sliding chutes is combined with the irregular bank slope retention effect, and multiple start-stop and staged accumulation behaviors of ice rock debris flow are reproduced in an indoor test; the accumulation space distribution characteristics of the ice rock clastic flow in a real trough and the internal structure characteristics of an accumulation body are reproduced, and the movement, accumulation, energy dissipation and phase change processes of the ice rock clastic flow in a real terrain can be simulated with high precision; the technical defects of a traditional one-section type or two-section type model in the aspects of terrain simplification, friction simulation, accumulation form and climate coupling are overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster simulation test devices, specifically to a modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device and its test method. Background Technology

[0002] Ice-rock debris flows, a unique type of high-speed, long-range landslide, possess enormous energy storage characteristics due to the large amount of ice debris they contain. During their movement, they exhibit extremely high destructive power, capable of traveling ultra-long distances and causing devastating damage and significant casualties. Currently, research on ice-rock debris flows primarily relies on indoor experimental devices, but existing devices are mostly single-stage or two-stage chutes. Single-stage chutes are mainly used to simulate the flow zone of ice-rock debris flows, acting as an acceleration section. However, their structure is too simplified to simulate the terrain changes (such as bends and abrupt slopes) commonly found in natural debris flow paths, nor can they study key phenomena such as collisions, deflections, energy dissipation, and changes in deposition morphology when debris flows encounter abrupt terrain changes. While two-stage chutes add a gentle slope section, the connecting structure between the two sections limits their ability to simulate the cumulative effects of multiple terrain changes, and the limited length of the gentle slope section makes it difficult to fully simulate long-distance deceleration and deposition processes.

[0003] Existing models only depict single-stage and two-stage chutes, lacking realistic terrain features and resulting in distorted experimental data. Specifically, this includes: 1. Distortion of motion state and impact force data: The experimental data on the motion state of debris flow and mudslide in the valley and the magnitude of the impact force on the bank slope are inaccurate and differ from reality. 2. Regular chutes cannot simulate actual shear friction: When debris flows and mudflows move in irregular chutes and bank slopes, the chutes exert shear and friction effects on the debris flow material, which cannot be simulated by current rectangular regular chutes. 3. Inaccurate accumulation morphology: In real valleys, many debris flows out and stabilize, but they are not all washed into the downstream channel at once. However, due to the limitations of its structure (single-section or two-section) and the regularity of its cross-section (standard regular rectangular cross-section), the current physical model cannot simulate the accumulation of materials in each section of the valley. Even if it does simulate the accumulation, the morphological characteristics are very different from the real situation.

[0004] 4. Lack of ability to simulate real climate environment and distortion of ice-related processes: Existing physical model test devices not only have defects in terrain simulation, but also lack the ability to simulate climate environmental factors (especially temperature) that are crucial to the formation and evolution of glacial trough disasters.

[0005] Therefore, developing an experimental device for ice-rock debris flow that can accurately simulate complex terrain conditions and climatic environmental factors is of great significance for a deeper understanding of the movement mechanism of ice-rock debris flow and for improving disaster early warning capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned shortcomings in the existing technology, this invention aims to provide a modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device and its test method, in order to solve the problems of terrain simulation distortion, inaccurate motion state and impact force data in the existing technology, and improve the accuracy and reliability of ice-rock debris flow simulation tests.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device is provided, which includes a modular chute system, a closed-loop temperature control chamber system, a circulating water supply and tailings treatment system, a multi-dimensional monitoring system and a machine vision recording system. The modular chute system consists of three detachable chute sections, each with an independently adjustable slope. The three chute sections respectively simulate the landforms of the ice avalanche origin zone, the lateral erosion zone, and the steep slope erosion channel. A closed-loop temperature control system regulates the temperature of the test environment. The circulating water supply and waste disposal system ensures a stable water supply and waste disposal during the experiment. A multi-dimensional monitoring system monitors various parameters in real time during the experiment; Machine vision recording systems record image data during experiments.

[0008] Furthermore, the three sections of the slide are the first section, the second section, and the third section; The slope of the first section of the chute is 28°~35°, which is used to simulate the landform of the ice avalanche origin area; The slope of the second section of the trough is 8°~13°. The high side of the second section of the trough is connected to the low side of the first section of the trough. The cross-section of the second section of the trough has a "U" shape structure, which is used to simulate the landform of the lateral erosion zone. The slope of the third chute is 30°~38°. The high side of the third chute is connected to the low side of the second chute. The cross-section of the third chute is V-shaped, which is used to simulate the landform of steep slope erosion channel.

[0009] Furthermore, the closed-loop temperature control chamber system includes a temperature control box, a modular chute system, a circulating water supply and waste material treatment system, a multi-dimensional monitoring system, and a machine vision recording system, all of which are installed inside the temperature control box.

[0010] Furthermore, each of the first, second, and third chute sections is independently equipped with a lifting device at its bottom.

[0011] Furthermore, the circulating water supply and tailings treatment system includes a water tank, a tailings pool, and water pipes. The water tank is located on the high side of the first chute, and has an outlet that communicates with the high side of the first chute. A filter screen is installed at the outlet. The tailings pool is located on the low side of the third chute. The water pipes connect the water tank and the tailings pool, and are equipped with a water pump and an electromagnetic flow meter. A filter screen is installed at the port where the water pipes connect to the tailings pool.

[0012] Furthermore, a dam model is installed within the second section of the chute; the multi-dimensional monitoring system includes multiple water level gauges, water pressure sensors, moisture meters, and manual rulers; a water level gauge is installed at the toe of the slope against the sidewall on the water-facing side of the dam model and at the toe of the slope against the sidewall on the water-receiving side of the dam model; a water pressure sensor is installed at the middle toe of the slope and at the middle section on the water-facing side of the dam model; the dam model's... , and A moisture meter is installed at each location; multiple manual scales are set vertically along the axial direction of the three sections of the slide.

[0013] Furthermore, the machine vision recording system includes four cameras and a colored tracer ball set inside the chute. The first camera is set on top of the dam model to capture and record the lateral expansion process of the water flow from above. The second camera is positioned at the top of the first chute, and its shooting direction is the same as the water flow direction to record the flow process of the water in the first chute. The third camera is positioned on the outside of the front of the second chute, and its shooting direction is perpendicular to the direction of water flow in the second chute, recording the flow process of water in the second chute. The fourth camera is positioned on the lower side of the third chute, and its shooting direction is the same as the length direction of the third chute, capturing the flow of water within the third chute; all cameras are synchronized via GPS timestamps with an error of less than 1ms.

[0014] The present invention also provides a test method for a modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device, comprising: Step 1: Set up three sections of chutes and four cameras inside the temperature control box, connect the high side of the first section of chutes to the outlet of the water tank, and set the tailings pool on the low side of the third section of chutes. Step 2: Load the dam model in the second chute, and place the water level gauge, water pressure sensor, and moisture meter on the dam model according to the predetermined positions. Place multiple manual rulers along the axial direction of the three chute sections. Step 3: Start all 4 cameras and maintain the preset temperature inside the temperature control box simultaneously; Step 4: Pour water at the preset temperature into the water tank, turn on the water pump and electromagnetic flow meter, and pump the water into the first chute at the preset flow rate. Set a colored tracer ball in the first chute. Step 5: The multi-dimensional monitoring system and machine vision recording system collect and process data to analyze the stability, failure flow, phreatic line and seepage path of the dam model.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 5: The stability of the dam model is determined by the data measured by the water pressure sensor, which shows the magnitude of the water pressure on the upstream side of the dam model at each time. This data is used to analyze the correlation between the stability of the dam and the load. Dam failure flow rate of the dam model The calculation formula is:

[0016]

[0017] in, To resolve the traffic bottleneck, For total inflow, Total outflow For non-collapse outflow traffic; Based on data measured by multiple moisture meters, the water content of different parts of the dam model at different times was obtained, and the phreatic line of the dam model was obtained. Based on video footage captured by four cameras, the movement trajectory of the colored tracer ball is mapped to the water flow, thus obtaining the seepage path of the dam model.

[0018] Compared with existing indoor experimental apparatus for ice-rock debris flow, the advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. The present invention provides a modular three-segment ice-rock debris flow test device and its test method. By setting up three chutes to simulate the landforms of the ice avalanche origin zone, the lateral erosion zone and the steep slope sluice channel, the device achieves a physical equivalent simulation of the shear force at the debris flow-slope interface, accurately reproduces the nonlinear acceleration-dissipation process of ice avalanche debris flow in a real trough, improves the accuracy of the ice-rock debris motion state, and solves the problem of distortion of motion state and impact force data in existing indoor ice-rock debris flow test devices.

[0019] 2. This invention provides a modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow experimental device and its experimental method. By setting up three chutes and specifying the slope and cross-sectional shape of each chute in detail, the device combines the simulated topographic gradient differences of the three chutes with the retention effect of irregular bank slopes. In indoor experiments, it reproduces the multiple start-stop and staged accumulation behavior of ice-rock debris flow, replicating the spatial distribution characteristics of ice-rock debris flow accumulation in real valleys and the internal structure of the accumulated mass. This solves the problem that existing indoor experimental devices for ice-rock debris flow, with their regular chutes, cannot simulate actual shear friction. This modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow experimental device has the dual functions of simulating dynamic motion processes and analyzing static accumulation mechanisms.

[0020] 3. The present invention provides a modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device and its test method. By setting up a closed-loop temperature control chamber system, the ice body is maintained in the target physical phase state, ensuring the authenticity of the ice body's relevant dynamic parameters, and realizing the comprehensive simulation of topographic dynamic processes and temperature environmental factors. This solves the problem that existing indoor ice-rock debris flow test devices lack the ability to simulate climate environmental factors (especially temperature) that are crucial to the formation and evolution of glacial trough disasters. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second section of the slide.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the third section of the slide.

[0025] Figure 5 A flowchart of the test method for a modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device.

[0026] The components include: 1. First chute; 2. Second chute; 3. Third chute; 4. Lifting device; 5. Water tank; 6. Tailings pool; 7. Water pipe; 8. Water pump; 9. Electromagnetic flow meter; 10. Water level gauge; 11. Water pressure sensor; 12. Moisture meter; 13. Manual ruler; 14. Color tracer ball; 15. First camera; 16. Second camera; 17. Third camera; 18. Fourth camera; 19. Temperature control box; 20. Dam model. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0028] refer to Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides a modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device, which includes a modular chute system, a closed-loop temperature control chamber system, a circulating water supply and tailings treatment system, a multi-dimensional monitoring system and a machine vision recording system.

[0029] The modular chute system consists of three detachable chute sections, each with an independently adjustable slope. Specifically, the bottom of the first chute section 1, the second chute section 2, and the third chute section 3 are each independently equipped with a lifting device 4. The lifting device 4 can be a hydraulic cylinder or other device. The slope of each chute section 3 can be changed through the lifting device 4, thus achieving slope adjustment. The three sections of the slide system simulate the landforms of the glacial avalanche origin zone, the lateral erosion zone, and the steep slope sluice channel, respectively. Specifically, as a specific configuration of the modular slide system, the three sections are designated as slide 1, slide 2, and slide 3. Slide 1 has a slope of 28° to 35° and is used to simulate the landforms of the glacial avalanche origin zone. Slide 2 has a slope of 8° to 13°, with its higher side connected to the lower side of slide 1. The cross-section of slide 2 is U-shaped and is used to simulate the landforms of the lateral erosion zone. Slide 3 has a slope of 30° to 38°, with its higher side connected to the lower side of slide 2. The cross-section of slide 3 is V-shaped and is used to simulate the landforms of the steep slope sluice channel.

[0030] Each chute segment can be constructed using acrylic sheets. To facilitate observation of the ice-rock debris flow within the chute, millimeter-level observation grids can be laser-etched onto the chute sidewalls. To achieve different cross-sectional shapes for each chute segment, a concrete pouring and directional scraping process can be used to accurately replicate the shear friction characteristics of a natural valley. By setting up three chute segments to simulate the geomorphology of the ice avalanche origin zone, lateral erosion zone, and steep slope erosion channel, a physically equivalent simulation of the shear force at the debris flow-slope interface is achieved. This accurately replicates the nonlinear acceleration-dissipation process of ice avalanche debris flow in a real valley, improving the accuracy of the ice-rock debris motion state and solving the problem of data distortion in the motion state and impact force of existing indoor experimental devices for ice-rock debris flow. By setting detailed limits on the slope and cross-sectional shape of the three chutes, the three-segment topographic gradient differences simulated by the three chutes are combined with the retention effect of irregular bank slopes. In indoor experiments, the multiple start-stop and staged accumulation behavior of ice-rock debris flow is reproduced, and the spatial distribution characteristics of ice-rock debris flow accumulation and the internal structure of the accumulation body in real valleys are reproduced. This solves the problem that regular chutes in existing indoor experimental devices for ice-rock debris flow cannot simulate actual shear friction.

[0031] The closed-loop temperature control chamber system regulates the temperature of the test environment. Specifically, the closed-loop temperature control chamber system is temperature control box 19, and the temperature control range of temperature control box 19 is -30℃~40℃. It accurately controls the ambient temperature to reproduce key climate-driven processes such as freeze-thaw cycles and snowline fluctuations in the periglacial zone. For rock debris flow experiments, it can maintain the ice body in the target physical phase, ensure the authenticity of ice-related dynamic parameters, and realize the comprehensive simulation of topographic dynamic processes and temperature environmental factors. This solves the problem that existing indoor experimental devices for ice-rock debris flow lack the ability to simulate climate environmental factors (especially temperature) that are crucial to the formation and evolution of glacial trough disasters.

[0032] The circulating water supply and waste treatment system ensures a stable water supply and waste treatment during the experiment. Specifically, the circulating water supply and waste treatment system includes a water tank 5, a waste pool 6, and a water pipe 7. The water tank 5 is located on the high side of the first chute 1, and has an outlet that communicates with the high side of the first chute 1. A filter screen is installed at the outlet. The waste pool 6 is located on the low side of the third chute 3. The water pipe 7 connects the water tank 5 and the waste pool 6. A water pump 8 and an electromagnetic flow meter 9 are installed on the water pipe 7. A filter screen is installed at the port where the water pipe 7 connects to the waste pool 6.

[0033] Water tank 5 provides a stable water flow for the modular chute system and can supply the system with a rated flow rate via water pump 8 and electromagnetic flowmeter 9, facilitating ice-rock debris flow tests. Tailings tank 6 collects the ice-rock debris flow from the modular chute system. To allow the ice-rock debris flow to settle, tailings tank 6 can be divided into a sedimentation tank and a clear water tank; filters are installed to remove sediment.

[0034] A multi-dimensional monitoring system monitors various parameters in real time during the experiment. Specifically, a dam model 20 is installed inside the second section of the chute 2. The multi-dimensional monitoring system includes multiple water level gauges 10, water pressure sensors 11, moisture meters 12, and manual rulers 13. A water level gauge 10 is installed at the toe of the slope against the sidewall on the water-facing side of the dam model 20 and at the toe of the slope against the sidewall on the water-receiving side of the dam model 20. A water pressure sensor 11 is installed at the middle toe of the slope and at the middle part of the water-facing side of the dam model 20. , and Each section is equipped with a moisture meter 12; multiple manual scales 13 are set vertically along the axial direction of the three sections of the slide.

[0035] Multiple water level gauges 10 and manual rulers 13 monitor the water level and obtain the breach flow of the dam model 20; Multiple water pressure sensors 11 monitor the external load of upstream surge waves on the dam model 20, and obtain the magnitude of water pressure on the upstream surface of the dam model 20 at each time, which is used to analyze the correlation between the stability of the dam and the load.

[0036] Moisture meter 12 was used to measure the moisture content of different parts of the dam body to obtain the phreatic line of the dam body model 20.

[0037] The machine vision recording system records image data during the experiment. Specifically, the machine vision recording system includes four cameras and a color tracer ball 14 set inside the chute. The first camera 15 is set on top of the dam model 20 to capture and record the lateral expansion process of the water flow from above. The second camera 16 is set on top of the first chute 1. The second camera 16 shoots in the same direction as the water flow and records the flow process of the water in the first chute 1. The third camera 17 is set on the outside of the front of the second section of the slide 2. The shooting direction of the third camera 17 is perpendicular to the direction of water flow in the second section of the slide 2, and records the flow process of water in the second section of the slide 2. The fourth camera 18 is positioned on the lower side of the third chute 3. The shooting direction of the fourth camera 18 is the same as the length direction of the third chute 3, and it captures the flow process of water in the third chute 3. All cameras are synchronized via GPS timestamps with an error of less than 1ms.

[0038] like Figure 5 As shown, the present invention also provides a test method for a modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device, which includes: Step 1: Set up three sections of chutes and four cameras inside the temperature control box 19, connect the high side of the first section of chutes 1 to the outlet of the water tank 5, and set the tailings pool 6 in the low side of the third section of chutes 3. Step 2: Stack the dam model 20 in the second chute 2, and arrange the water level gauge 10, water pressure sensor 11, and moisture meter 12 on the dam model 20 according to the predetermined position. Place multiple manual rulers 13 along the axial direction of the three chute sections. Step 3: Start all 4 cameras and maintain the preset temperature in the temperature control box 19 simultaneously; Step 4: Inject water at the preset temperature into the water tank 5, turn on the water pump 8 and the electromagnetic flow meter 9, and pump the water into the first section chute 1 at the preset flow rate. Set the colored tracer ball 14 in the first section chute 1. Step 5: The multi-dimensional monitoring system and machine vision recording system collect and process data to analyze the stability, failure flow, phreatic line and seepage path of dam model 20.

[0039] Furthermore, in step 5: The stability of dam model 20 is determined based on the data measured by water pressure sensor 11. The magnitude of water pressure on the water-facing surface of dam model 20 at each time is obtained, which is used to analyze the correlation between dam stability and the load. Dam failure flow rate of dam model 20 The calculation formula is:

[0040]

[0041] in, To resolve the traffic bottleneck, For total inflow, Total outflow For non-collapse outflow traffic; Based on the data measured by multiple moisture meters 12, the water content of different parts of the dam model 20 at different times was obtained, and the phreatic line of the dam model 20 was obtained. Based on the video captured by four cameras, the movement trajectory of the color tracer ball 14 is mapped to the water flow, thus obtaining the seepage path of the dam model 20.

[0042] In summary, compared with existing indoor experimental devices for ice-rock debris flow, the modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow experimental device and its experimental method of the present invention can simulate the movement, accumulation, energy dissipation and phase change process of ice-rock debris flow in real terrain with high precision, and solve the technical defects of traditional one-stage or two-stage models in terms of terrain simplification, friction simulation, accumulation morphology and climate coupling.

Claims

1. A modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device, characterized in that, This includes a modular chute system, a closed-loop temperature control chamber system, a circulating water supply and waste material treatment system, a multi-dimensional monitoring system, and a machine vision recording system; The modular chute system comprises three detachable chute sections, each with an independently adjustable slope. The three chute sections respectively simulate the landforms of the ice avalanche origin zone, the lateral erosion zone, and the steep slope erosion channel. The closed-loop temperature control chamber system regulates the temperature of the test environment; The circulating water supply and waste treatment system ensures a stable water supply and waste treatment during the experiment. The multi-dimensional monitoring system monitors various parameters in real time during the experiment. The machine vision recording system records image data during the experiment.

2. The modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three sections of the slide are the first slide, the second slide, and the third slide; The slope of the first section of the chute is 28°~35°, which is used to simulate the landform of the ice avalanche origin area; The slope of the second section of the trough is 8°~13°. The high side of the second section of the trough is connected to the low side of the first section of the trough. The cross-section of the second section of the trough has a "U" shape structure, which is used to simulate the landform of the lateral erosion zone. The slope of the third chute is 30°~38°. The high side of the third chute is connected to the low side of the second chute. The cross-section of the third chute is "V" shaped, which is used to simulate the landform of steep slope erosion channel.

3. The modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The closed-loop temperature control chamber system includes a temperature control box, and the modular chute system, circulating water supply and waste material treatment system, multi-dimensional monitoring system and machine vision recording system are all installed inside the temperature control box.

4. The modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the first, second, and third chute sections has an independent lifting device at its bottom.

5. The modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The circulating water supply and tailings treatment system includes a water tank, a tailings pool, and water pipes. The water tank is located on the high side of the first chute and has an outlet that communicates with the high side of the first chute. A filter screen is installed at the outlet. The tailings pool is located on the low side of the third chute. The water pipes connect the water tank and the tailings pool. A water pump and an electromagnetic flow meter are installed on the water pipes, and a filter screen is installed at the port where the water pipes connect to the tailings pool.

6. The modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second section of the chute contains a dam model; the multi-dimensional monitoring system includes multiple water level gauges, water pressure sensors, moisture meters, and manual rulers; a water level gauge is installed at the toe of the slope against the sidewall on the water-facing side of the dam model and at the toe of the slope against the sidewall on the water-repellent side of the dam model; a water pressure sensor is installed at the middle toe of the slope and at the middle section on the water-facing side of the dam model; the dam model... , and Each location is equipped with one of the aforementioned moisture meters; multiple manual scales are vertically arranged along the axial direction of the three-section slide.

7. The modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The machine vision recording system includes four cameras and a colored tracer ball set in the chute. The first camera is set on the top of the dam model to capture and record the lateral expansion process of the water flow from above. The second camera is positioned at the top of the first chute, and its shooting direction is the same as the water flow direction to record the flow process of the water in the first chute. The third camera is positioned on the outside of the front of the second section of the slide. The camera's shooting direction is perpendicular to the direction of the water flow in the second section of the slide, recording the flow process of the water in the second section of the slide. The fourth camera is positioned on the lower side of the third chute, and its shooting direction is the same as the length direction of the third chute, capturing the flow of water within the third chute; all cameras are synchronized via GPS timestamps with an error of less than 1ms.

8. A test method based on the modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device according to claim 7, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Set up three sections of chutes and four cameras inside the temperature control box, connect the high side of the first section of chutes to the outlet of the water tank, and set the tailings pool on the low side of the third section of chutes. Step 2: Load the dam model in the second chute, and place the water level gauge, water pressure sensor, and moisture meter on the dam model according to the predetermined positions. Place multiple manual rulers along the axial direction of the three chute sections. Step 3: Start all 4 cameras and maintain the preset temperature inside the temperature control box simultaneously; Step 4: Pour water at the preset temperature into the water tank, turn on the water pump and electromagnetic flow meter, and pump the water into the first chute at the preset flow rate. Set a colored tracer ball in the first chute. Step 5: The multi-dimensional monitoring system and machine vision recording system collect and process data to analyze the stability, failure flow, phreatic line and seepage path of the dam model.

9. The test method of the modular three-stage ice-rock debris flow test device according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step 5: The stability of the dam model is determined by the data measured by the water pressure sensor, which shows the magnitude of the water pressure on the upstream side of the dam model at each time. This data is used to analyze the correlation between the stability of the dam and the load. Dam failure flow rate of the dam model The calculation formula is: in, To resolve the traffic bottleneck, For total inflow, Total outflow For non-collapse outflow traffic; Based on data measured by multiple moisture meters, the water content of different parts of the dam model at different times was obtained, and the phreatic line of the dam model was obtained. Based on video footage captured by four cameras, the movement trajectory of the colored tracer ball is mapped to the water flow, thus obtaining the seepage path of the dam model.

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