Partial discharge on-line monitoring device for combined electric appliance Rydberg sensor

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment insulation state detection, in particular to a combined electric appliance Rydberg sensor partial discharge on-line monitoring device. A control terminal in the device is respectively connected with an optical host and an optical detector and is used for respectively controlling the optical host and the optical detector; the optical host is used for generating and outputting multiple paths of detection laser and multiple paths of coupling laser; the M Rydberg sensors are arranged at the laser output end of the optical host, are mounted in maintenance holes formed in the combined electric appliance and are used for receiving the detection laser and the coupling laser output by the optical host through optical fibers and guiding the detection laser penetrating out of the Rydberg sensors into the optical detection machine through the optical fibers; and each combined electric appliance is provided with at least one maintenance hole. According to the invention, the problems of low detection sensitivity, low accuracy and low efficiency of ultrahigh frequency sensor partial discharge detection equipment in the prior art can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of insulation condition detection technology for power equipment, and in particular to an online monitoring device for partial discharge using a Rydberg sensor in combined electrical appliances. Background Technology

[0002] Gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), as a core piece of equipment in power grids and substations, is widely used in modern power systems due to its advantages such as high reliability, excellent insulation performance, and small footprint, integrating high-voltage busbars, circuit breakers, and other components. However, during operation, partial discharge may occur due to factory defects, component aging, or loosening. This can accelerate insulation degradation, reduce equipment performance, and even trigger arc discharge, leading to power outages or explosions. Therefore, efficient partial discharge detection is crucial for ensuring the safety of power systems.

[0003] Currently, methods for partial discharge detection include ultra-high frequency (UHF) methods, ultrasonic methods, gas analysis methods, and infrared detection methods. UHF methods can detect electrical equipment without power interruption, greatly improving detection efficiency and are widely used in the live-line detection and online monitoring of combined electrical appliances. However, due to interference signals in the field, false alarms and missed alarms are frequent. Ultrasonic methods detect sound waves, so there is no electromagnetic interference, making location easy. The technology is relatively mature, the equipment is simple to use, and it has strong anti-interference capabilities. However, the high-frequency components of the sound signal attenuate rapidly, and the attenuation is severe at the junction of different media, resulting in low sensitivity and a small effective testing range in practical applications. Furthermore, the sensor needs to be attached to the GIS housing surface with adhesive, and the adhesion and operator movement greatly affect the measurement results. Gas analysis methods detect partial discharge by analyzing the gas produced by the chemical action of sulfur hexafluoride gas under partial discharge. Detection has a lag, resulting in lower efficiency. Infrared detection methods are not affected by electrical signals, are simple in technology and low in cost, but accuracy and sensitivity need improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an online monitoring device for partial discharge using a Rydberg sensor in a combined electrical appliance, to address the problems of low detection sensitivity, low accuracy, and low efficiency in existing partial discharge detection equipment.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an online monitoring device for partial discharge of Rydberg sensors in combined electrical appliances, comprising: a control terminal, an optical host, an optical inspection machine, M Rydberg sensors and optical fibers; wherein, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; The control terminal is connected to the optical host and the optical inspection machine respectively, and is used to control the optical host and the optical inspection machine respectively; The optical host is used to generate and output multiple probe lasers and multiple coupling lasers; The M Rydberg sensors are located at the laser output end of the optical host and installed in the maintenance holes provided on the combined electrical appliance. They are used to receive the detection laser and coupling laser output by the optical host through the optical fiber, and to guide the detection laser passing through the Rydberg sensors into the optical inspection machine through the optical fiber. Each combined electrical appliance is provided with at least one maintenance hole.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the optical host includes: a first laser, a second laser, a first beam splitter, and a second beam splitter; The first laser is configured in correspondence with the first beam splitter, and the detection laser emitted by the first laser is divided into M optical paths by the first beam splitter; The second laser is configured in correspondence with the second beam splitter, and the coupled laser emitted by the second laser is divided into M optical paths by the first beam splitter.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the Rydberg sensor includes: a metal base and a sensor body fixed to the metal base; the sensor body includes a Rydberg cell containing rubidium atomic vapor, and at least three reflectors and a dichroic mirror disposed around the Rydberg cell. The optical fiber is an optical fiber with three optical paths. One end of the optical fiber is fixed under the first reflector and the dichroic mirror through a wire hole provided on the metal base. The first reflector is positioned to vertically direct the probe laser emitted from the first optical path into the Rydberg cell. The dichroic mirror is positioned to vertically direct the coupling laser emitted from the second optical path into the Rydberg cell. The second and third reflectors are respectively positioned to receive and reflect the probe laser or coupling laser exiting the Rydberg cell into the Rydberg cell. The dichroic mirror is also used to receive the probe laser exiting the Rydberg cell and guide it into the optical inspection machine through the third optical path.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the Rydberg sensor further includes: an optical fiber sealing plug; the optical fiber sealing plug is disposed in the wire hole for fixing the optical fiber and sealing the wire hole.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the surface roughness of the at least three mirrors is less than or equal to 1 nm; The surface of the dichroic mirror is made of Multi-layer coating.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the sensor body is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 60 mm and a height of 30 mm; The Reedburg chamber is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 30 mm.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the Reedburg air chamber is provided with an insulating support component, which is connected to the metal base via the insulating support component. The at least three reflectors and the dichroic mirror are assembled with an integrated metal frame and fixed to the metal base.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the walls of the Reedburg chamber are made of quartz glass; The rubidium atomic vapor contains 72.17% rubidium 85 and 27.83% rubidium 87.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the optical host further includes: an industrial air conditioner and an insulation layer; The industrial air conditioner is located on one side of the first laser and the second laser to maintain the temperature inside the chassis; The insulation layer is disposed on the outer or inner wall of the optical host chassis.

[0014] One possible implementation also includes a chassis; The control terminal, the optical host, and the optical inspection machine are installed inside the chassis.

[0015] This invention provides an online monitoring device for partial discharge using a Rydberg sensor in a combined electrical appliance. A control terminal connects to both an optical host and an optical inspection machine, controlling them respectively. The optical host generates and outputs multiple probe lasers and multiple coupling lasers. The Rydberg sensor is located at the laser output end of the optical host and installed within a maintenance port on the combined electrical appliance. It receives the probe and coupling lasers output from the optical host via optical fiber and guides the probe laser exiting the Rydberg sensor into the optical inspection machine via the same fiber. This invention utilizes optical path signal propagation, and the optical signal in the fiber is immune to electromagnetic interference, reducing the channels for electromagnetic interference introduction. This results in higher sensitivity, stronger anti-interference capability, higher detection accuracy, and higher efficiency for the online monitoring device. Furthermore, the placement of the Rydberg sensor within the maintenance port of the combined electrical appliance reduces the impact of operator movement on the detection results, further enhancing detection accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the online partial discharge monitoring device for the combined electrical appliances provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical host provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the Rydberg sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of light shuttle in the Rydberg sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a four-level quantum detection system for the Rydberg atom electric field provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the EIT phenomenon and the EIT-AT splitting phenomenon provided in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the Rydberg sensor partial discharge online monitoring device for combined electrical appliances with a chassis provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the invention with unnecessary detail.

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, specific embodiments will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0020] To address the problems of low detection sensitivity, low accuracy, and low efficiency in existing partial discharge detection devices, this invention provides an online partial discharge monitoring device for combined electrical appliances. (See [link]). Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a control terminal 1, an optical host 2, an optical inspection machine 3, M Rydberg sensors 4, and an optical fiber 5; where M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; Control terminal 1 is connected to optical host 2 and optical inspection machine 3 respectively, and is used to control optical host 2 and optical inspection machine 3 respectively; Optical host 2 is used to generate and output multi-path probe lasers and multi-path coupling lasers; M Rydberg sensors 4 are disposed at the laser output end of the optical host 2 and installed in the maintenance holes provided on the combined electrical appliance 6. They are used to receive the detection laser and coupling laser output by the optical host 2 through the optical fiber 5, and to guide the detection laser passing through the Rydberg sensor into the optical inspection machine 3 through the optical fiber 5. Each combined electrical appliance 6 is provided with at least one maintenance hole.

[0021] Among them, the Rydberg sensor 4 receives the probe laser and coupling laser output by the optical host 2, and after the Rydberg atoms set inside it are excited to the Rydberg state, the electromagnetically induced transparent signal generated under the electric field is split by AT. Due to the generation of AT split, the projection intensity of the probe laser will gradually decrease. By detecting the intensity of the projected light field, the electric field signal can be detected.

[0022] Figure 1 In this configuration, multiple combination electrical appliances 6 can be installed to meet the requirements for online partial discharge detection.

[0023] Control terminal 1 is the control center of the entire Rydberg sensor partial discharge online monitoring device for the combined electrical appliances. Control terminal 1 has high timing requirements and can use an FPGA ZYNQ-7045 as the main control chip, which can achieve timing control at the 5ns level.

[0024] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 As shown, the optical host 2 includes: a first laser 21, a second laser 22, a first beam splitter 23, and a second beam splitter 24; The first laser 21 and the first beam splitter 23 are set up in correspondence. The detection laser emitted by the first laser 21 is divided into M optical paths by the first beam splitter 23. The second laser 22 is configured in correspondence with the second beam splitter 24. The coupled laser emitted by the second laser 22 is divided into M optical paths by the first beam splitter 24.

[0025] Optionally, the optical host 2 is mainly composed of two semiconductor lasers. The first laser 21 can be a 780nm laser, the first beam splitter 23 can be a 780nm beam splitter, the second laser 22 can be a 480nm laser, and the second beam splitter 24 can be a 480nm beam splitter.

[0026] The 780nm laser emits a probe laser that can excite the atoms in the Rydberg sensor 4 to an excited state. The output signal is then split into M optical paths by a 780nm beam splitter, serving as the output of the excitation source for the M Rydberg sensors 4.

[0027] The laser emitted by the 480nm laser is a coupling laser, which can excite the atoms in the Rydberg sensor 4 from the excited state to the Rydberg state. The output signal is split into M optical paths by the 480nm beam splitter, which serve as the output of the coupling light source of M Rydberg sensors 4.

[0028] See Figure 2 As shown, one end of the first optical path 51 in the optical fiber 5 is connected to the first beam splitter 23, and the other end is connected to the Rydberg sensor 4. It is used to guide the 780nm detection laser in the first beam splitter 23 into the Rydberg sensor 4. The third optical path 53 in the optical fiber 5 guides the 780nm detection laser output from the Rydberg sensor 4 into the optical detector 3. One end of the second optical path 52 in the optical fiber 5 is connected to the second beam splitter 24, and the other end is connected to the Rydberg sensor 4. It is used to guide the 480nm coupling laser in the second beam splitter 24 into the Rydberg sensor 1.

[0029] Understandably, since the laser beam is split into M paths by the beam splitter, each laser beam is connected to the Rydberg sensor 4 by the optical path in the corresponding optical fiber.

[0030] In one embodiment, Figure 3 The diagram shows a Rydberg sensor 4, which includes a metal base 41 and a sensor body 42 fixed on the metal base 41. The sensor body 42 includes a Rydberg chamber 421 containing rubidium atomic vapor, and at least three reflectors and a dichroic mirror 422 disposed around the Rydberg chamber 421. The optical fiber 5 is an optical fiber with three optical paths. One end of the optical fiber 5 is fixed under the first reflector 423 and the dichroic mirror 422 through the wire hole 44 provided on the metal base 41. The first reflector 423 is positioned to vertically project the probe laser emitted from the first optical path 51 into the Rydberg gas cell 421. The dichroic mirror 422 is positioned to vertically project the coupling laser emitted from the second optical path 52 into the Rydberg gas cell 421. The second reflector 424 and the third reflector 425 are respectively positioned to receive and reflect the probe laser or coupling laser exiting the Rydberg gas cell 421 into the Rydberg gas cell 421. The dichroic mirror 422 is also used to receive the probe laser exiting the Rydberg gas cell 421 and guide it into the optical inspection machine through the third optical path 53.

[0031] Optionally, fiber 5 is a three-in-one design, that is, combining three optical paths into one optical fiber. The first optical path 51 and the third optical path 53 can be optical fibers that conduct 780nm probe lasers, and the second optical path 52 can be optical fibers that conduct 480nm coupling lasers.

[0032] See Figure 4The optical fiber 5 enters the sensor body 42 through the wire hole 44. The detection laser emitted by the optical fiber that conducts the 780nm detection laser is directed towards the first reflector 423. The first reflector 423 receives the detection laser and reflects it so that it is perpendicularly directed into the Rydberg gas cell 421. After the detection laser passes through the Rydberg gas cell 421, it is directed towards the second reflector 424. The second reflector 424 receives the detection laser and reflects it into the Rydberg gas cell 421. After the detection laser passes through the Rydberg gas cell 421, it is directed towards the third reflector 425. The third reflector 425 receives the detection laser and reflects it into the Rydberg gas cell 421. After the detection laser passes through the Rydberg gas cell 421, it is directed towards the dichroic mirror 422. The dichroic mirror 422 receives the detection laser emitted from the Rydberg gas cell 421 and leads it out of the Rydberg sensor through the third optical path 53, and into the optical inspection machine.

[0033] Similarly, the coupled laser emitted by the fiber carrying the 480nm coupled laser is directed toward the dichroic mirror 422. The dichroic mirror 422 then receives the coupled laser and reflects it so that it is perpendicularly directed into the Rydberg gas cell 421. After the laser passes through the Rydberg gas cell 421, it is directed toward the third reflecting mirror 425. The third reflecting mirror 425 receives the coupled laser and reflects it back into the Rydberg gas cell 421. After the coupled laser passes through the Rydberg gas cell 421, it is directed toward the second reflecting mirror 424. The second reflecting mirror 424 receives the coupled laser and reflects it back into the Rydberg gas cell 421. After the coupled laser passes through the Rydberg gas cell 421, it is directed toward the first reflecting mirror 423.

[0034] The Rydberg chamber 421 contains rubidium atomic vapor. Two lasers of different frequency bands excite the ground-state rubidium atoms to the Rydberg state. A 780nm probe laser can excite the atoms in the Rydberg chamber 421 to an excited state, and a 480nm coupling laser can excite the atoms in the Rydberg chamber 421 from the excited state to the Rydberg state. Optional, see [link to optional description]. Figure 5 The diagram shows a four-level quantum probe system for Rydberg atoms using an electric field, where a 780nm probe laser moves rubidium atoms from their ground state. Excited to excited state A 480nm coupled laser pulls rubidium atoms from an excited state. Excited to the Ridgberg state The transition between the ground state and the Rydberg state is a forbidden transition, meaning it requires passing through multiple energy levels.

[0035] Rydberg atoms are highly excited atoms whose valence electrons have transitioned to orbitals with higher principal quantum numbers. They are typically obtained by exciting alkali metal atoms such as rubidium, cesium, and francium through laser irradiation. They possess advantages such as high principal quantum numbers, large radii, long lifetimes, strong electric dipole moments, sensitivity to external fields, and long-range interactions. These characteristics make Rydberg atoms promising for applications in quantum computing, precision measurement, quantum communication, and quantum sensing. In Rydberg atoms, the electrons excited to higher energy orbits are relatively far from the nucleus. Under the influence of an electric field, the nucleus and the high-energy orbital electrons form a large electric dipole moment, resulting in extremely high sensitivity to electric field characterization. The electric field detection accuracy based on Rydberg atoms can reach more than 10,000 times that of antennas. Furthermore, Rydberg atoms have a wide frequency band, covering from MHz to THz. The online partial discharge monitoring device for combined electrical appliances, incorporating Rydberg sensors, only reflects the electric field state at the location of the Rydberg gas chamber. Because it uses optical devices such as the optical detector 3 for detection, the entire testing system is largely unaffected by external electromagnetic interference. Furthermore, the Rydberg sensors 4, located in different positions, share a single laser excitation device with the optical host 2, significantly reducing equipment costs. The Rydberg sensors 4, positioned at the detection port of the combined electrical appliance, can replace existing UHF detection devices, achieving better testing performance.

[0036] Due to the coupling of laser and excited state under no electric field conditions and Ridburg Resonance occurs when rubidium atoms no longer absorb photons from the 780nm probe laser, exhibiting transparency to the laser in that frequency band. This is known as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The detuned frequency spectrum of the probe laser passing through the Rydberg cell under EIT conditions is as follows: Figure 6 The solid line signal is shown in the diagram.

[0037] When an electric field is present, the coupled laser and the excited state and Ridburg The resonance is disrupted, and the rubidium atomic medium is no longer transparent in the probe laser frequency band, thus absorbing the probe laser. This manifests as a dip at the peak position of the detuned frequency spectrum signal of the probe laser, such as... Figure 6 The signal shown by the dashed line is called Autler-Townes (AT) splitting. Due to the generation of AT splitting, the intensity of the probe laser gradually decreases. By detecting the intensity of the projected light field, the electric field signal can be detected.

[0038] In this embodiment, the Rydberg sensor uses an optical path to propagate signals. The optical signal in the optical fiber is immune to electromagnetic interference, reducing the channels through which electromagnetic interference is introduced. This makes the Rydberg sensor more sensitive and more resistant to interference, significantly reducing the probability of missed or false detections. Moreover, the second reflector 424 and the third reflector 425 allow the detection laser and the coupling laser to shuttle three times within the Rydberg gas chamber 421. While miniaturizing the device, this ensures that a sufficient number of rubidium atoms can be excited to the Rydberg state and respond to the partial discharge signal. This folded optical path design shortens the optical path from 90mm to 30mm and reduces the axial space occupied by 66%.

[0039] In one embodiment, the Rydberg sensor further includes: an optical fiber sealing plug; the optical fiber sealing plug is disposed in the wire hole 44 to fix the optical fiber 5 and seal the wire hole 44 to ensure the sealing of the optical fiber 5 insertion position.

[0040] In one embodiment, at least three mirrors have a surface roughness of less than or equal to 1 nm and a light reflectivity of greater than or equal to 99.5%.

[0041] The surface of the dichroic mirror 422 is used Multi-layer coating with a reflectivity of ≥99.5% for coupled laser light at 480nm. Transmittance of ≥98% for probe light at 780nm and spectral crosstalk ≤1%.

[0042] Optionally, at least three reflectors and dichroic mirrors 422 can be fixed by L-shaped stainless steel brackets, wherein the thickness of the L-shaped stainless steel brackets is less than or equal to 0.5 mm and the angular deviation is less than or equal to 1°.

[0043] Optionally, at least three reflectors and dichroic mirrors 422 are integrated with a metal frame and fixed to a metal base 41. This ensures the relative positional accuracy between the at least three reflectors and dichroic mirrors 422 and avoids optical path deviation caused by vibration or external force.

[0044] In one embodiment, the sensor body 42 is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 60 mm and a height of 30 mm, which reduces the volume by 52% compared to traditional ultra-high frequency sensors and is compatible with all inspection holes of gas insulated switchgear (GIS) with a diameter greater than or equal to 60 mm.

[0045] In one embodiment, the Rydberg chamber 421 is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 30 mm. An insulating support component is provided below the Rydberg chamber 421, and it is connected to the metal base 41 via the insulating support component. The chamber wall of the Rydberg chamber 421 is made of quartz glass, and the chamber contains naturally abundant saturated rubidium atomic vapor, including the naturally abundant rubidium atomic isotopes rubidium-85 and rubidium-87. Rubidium-85 accounts for 72.17% and rubidium-87 accounts for 27.83% of the rubidium atomic vapor.

[0046] The metal base 41 serves as the foundation for the entire sensor body 42. Its primary function is to fix the position of each component. Additionally, the metal base 41 can be directly mounted on the combined electrical appliance partial discharge online monitoring device and also provides a seal. The metal base 41 simultaneously serves to fix the optical components, seal the GIS housing, and ground (resistance ≤0.1Ω). Here, the optical components refer to at least one reflector and a dichroic mirror 422. The GIS housing seal can utilize an annular groove and a fluororubber sealing ring, allowing the GIS to withstand a pressure of 1MPa after sealing. The interface dimensions of the metal base 41 are consistent with those of existing UHF sensors, featuring an M80×1.5 thread, supporting in-situ replacement. The metal base 41 is fixed to the optical components via silicone gaskets, withstanding 50Hz vibration, resulting in more accurate detection results.

[0047] In this embodiment of the invention, the Rydberg sensor uses an optical path to propagate the signal. The optical signal in the optical fiber is immune to electromagnetic interference, reducing the channels through which electromagnetic interference is introduced, thus making the Rydberg sensor more sensitive and more resistant to interference. The second and third reflectors allow the detection laser and the coupling laser to shuttle three times within the Rydberg chamber, which meets the requirements for device miniaturization while ensuring that a sufficient number of rubidium atoms can be excited to the Rydberg state. This folded optical path design shortens the optical path by 67% and reduces the axial space occupied by 66%.

[0048] The laser in optical host 2 is highly sensitive to temperature; temperature changes can cause the laser to become detuned. Therefore, an air conditioner needs to be installed inside optical host 2 to maintain the temperature inside the optical host 2 chassis at 25°C. Optical host 2 has an automatic frequency tuning function, which automatically calibrates the center frequency band of the laser after startup.

[0049] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 As shown, the optical host 2 also includes: an industrial air conditioner 25 and an insulation layer 26; An industrial air conditioner 25 is installed on one side of the first laser 21 and the second laser 22 to maintain the temperature inside the enclosure; The insulation layer 26 is set on the outer or inner wall of the optical host chassis to prevent the temperature inside the optical host 2 from changing abruptly due to changes in the outside temperature, which could affect the laser's emission signal.

[0050] In one embodiment, see Figure 7 As shown, the online monitoring device for partial discharge of combined electrical appliances also includes a chassis 7; The chassis 7 contains a control terminal 1, an optical host 2, and an optical inspection machine 3.

[0051] The optical inspection unit 3 is used to collect the detection laser after it passes through the Rydberg gas cell, and to detect electromagnetic waves by analyzing the spectrum.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, a control terminal is connected to both the optical host and the optical inspection machine to control them respectively. The optical host generates and outputs multiple probe lasers and multiple coupling lasers. A Rydberg sensor is located at the laser output end of the optical host and installed in a maintenance hole on the combined electrical appliance. It receives the probe lasers and coupling lasers output by the optical host via optical fiber and guides the probe lasers exiting the Rydberg sensor into the optical inspection machine via optical fiber.

[0053] In this embodiment, a Rydberg sensor based on quantum sensing principle is installed on the combined electrical appliance to form an online monitoring device for partial discharge of the combined electrical appliance. This device achieves a maximum electric field detection accuracy of 10mV / m. In the prior art, the partial discharge detection device for combined electrical appliances is based on the ultra-high frequency detection method, which is still based on the traditional antenna principle. Its maximum electric field detection accuracy does not exceed 1V / m. The detection accuracy of this embodiment is improved by two orders of magnitude compared with the prior art.

[0054] In addition, this embodiment uses optical path to propagate signals. The optical signal in the optical fiber is immune to electromagnetic interference. It only reflects the electric field signal at the installation location of the Rydberg gas chamber, reducing the channels for electromagnetic interference to be introduced and making the online monitoring device for partial discharge of combined electrical appliances more resistant to interference.

[0055] In this embodiment, a set of light sources is used to drive multiple sets of Rydberg sensors to achieve online detection of partial discharge, saving a significant amount of light source costs and thus reducing overall cost.

[0056] The Rydberg sensors, light sources, and optical inspection machines all use non-conductive optical fiber connections. If equipment breakdown or discharge occurs during testing, it will not damage the online monitoring device for partial discharge of the combined electrical appliances, thus ensuring high safety.

[0057] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A partial discharge online monitoring device for a combined electrical appliance using a Rydberg sensor, characterized in that, include: The system consists of a control terminal, an optical host, an optical inspection machine, M Rydberg sensors, and optical fibers; where M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The control terminal is connected to the optical host and the optical inspection machine respectively, and is used to control the optical host and the optical inspection machine respectively; The optical host is used to generate and output multiple probe lasers and multiple coupling lasers; The M Rydberg sensors are located at the laser output end of the optical host and installed in the maintenance holes provided on the combined electrical appliance. They are used to receive the detection laser and coupling laser output by the optical host through the optical fiber, and to guide the detection laser passing through the Rydberg sensors into the optical inspection machine through the optical fiber. Each combined electrical appliance is provided with at least one maintenance hole.

2. The online monitoring device for partial discharge of Rydberg sensor in combined electrical appliances according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical host includes: a first laser, a second laser, a first beam splitter, and a second beam splitter; The first laser is configured in correspondence with the first beam splitter, and the detection laser emitted by the first laser is divided into M optical paths by the first beam splitter; The second laser is configured in correspondence with the second beam splitter, and the coupled laser emitted by the second laser is divided into M optical paths by the first beam splitter.

3. The online monitoring device for partial discharge of Rydberg sensor in combined electrical appliances according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Rydberg sensor includes: a metal base and a sensor body fixed on the metal base; the sensor body includes a Rydberg chamber containing rubidium atomic vapor, and at least three reflectors and a dichroic mirror disposed around the Rydberg chamber. The optical fiber is an optical fiber with three optical paths. One end of the optical fiber is fixed under the first reflector and the dichroic mirror through a wire hole provided on the metal base. The first reflector is positioned to vertically direct the probe laser emitted from the first optical path into the Rydberg cell. The dichroic mirror is positioned to vertically direct the coupling laser emitted from the second optical path into the Rydberg cell. The second and third reflectors are respectively positioned to receive and reflect the probe laser or coupling laser exiting the Rydberg cell into the Rydberg cell. The dichroic mirror is also used to receive the probe laser exiting the Rydberg cell and guide it into the optical inspection machine through the third optical path.

4. The online monitoring device for partial discharge of Rydberg sensor in combined electrical appliances according to claim 3, characterized in that, The Rydberg sensor further includes: an optical fiber sealing plug; the optical fiber sealing plug is disposed in the wire hole to fix the optical fiber and seal the wire hole.

5. The online monitoring device for partial discharge of Rydberg sensor in combined electrical appliances according to claim 4, characterized in that, The surface roughness of the at least three mirrors is less than or equal to 1 nm; The surface of the dichroic mirror is made of Multi-layer coating.

6. The online monitoring device for partial discharge of Rydberg sensor in combined electrical appliances according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sensor body has a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 60mm and a height of 30mm; The Reedburg chamber is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 30 mm.

7. The online monitoring device for partial discharge of Rydberg sensor in combined electrical appliances according to claim 3, characterized in that, The Reedburg air chamber is provided with an insulating support component, which is connected to the metal base through the insulating support component. The at least three reflectors and the dichroic mirror are assembled with an integrated metal frame and fixed to the metal base.

8. The online monitoring device for partial discharge of Rydberg sensor in combined electrical appliances according to claim 3, characterized in that, The walls of the Reedburg chamber are made of quartz glass; The rubidium atomic vapor contains 72.17% rubidium 85 and 27.83% rubidium 87.

9. The online monitoring device for partial discharge of Rydberg sensor in combined electrical appliances according to claim 2, characterized in that, The optical host also includes: an industrial air conditioner and an insulation layer; The industrial air conditioner is located on one side of the first laser and the second laser to maintain the temperature inside the chassis; The insulation layer is disposed on the outer or inner wall of the optical host chassis.

10. The online monitoring device for partial discharge of Rydberg sensor in combined electrical appliances according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes the chassis; The control terminal, the optical host, and the optical inspection machine are installed inside the chassis.

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