Test stable with temperature sensor for evaluating materials including use in battery pack and test method using the test

Abstract

The invention relates to a test board (1) for evaluating the material used in a battery pack under conditions that may occur during thermal runaway, comprising a housing (10), in which in an interior space (15) of the housing (10) at least one activatable trigger cell (31), a plurality of cylindrical battery pack cells (32, 33, 34, 35, 35) are arranged in the housing (10). 36) and the material to be evaluated are arranged in the interior (15) or on the housing (10), a first temperature sensor (70a) and at least one second temperature sensor (70b) are arranged in the interior (15), and a distance A1 between the trigger cell (31) and the first temperature sensor (70a) and a distance A2 between the trigger cell (31) and the second temperature sensor (70b) differ from each other. The invention also relates to a test method using the test bench (1).

Description

Summary of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a test bench for evaluating materials used in battery packs under conditions that can occur during thermal runaway. Background Technology

[0002] Today, high-voltage battery packs are used in many applications, especially those related to electromobility. For this purpose, individual battery cells are assembled into larger battery arrays. Typically designed as cylindrical battery cells, these individual cells are arranged close together in series and / or parallel within the battery pack housing. Depending on the number and type of battery cells used, the battery pack can thus store a certain amount of energy, enabling electric power to travel hundreds of kilometers without intermediate charging.

[0003] Localized short circuits between the internal electrodes of individual cells in a battery pack lead to high short-circuit currents, which rapidly heat the individual cells. External mechanical damage or thermal overheating (e.g., due to a malfunction in the battery pack cooling system) can also cause extreme heating or thermal runaway in individual cells. This thermal runaway can easily or rapidly spread to adjacent cells. This causes a chain reaction, resulting in the explosive release of energy stored in the battery pack. This explosive release of energy (also known as heat propagation) can be accompanied by the formation of toxic gases, flames, and sparks.

[0004] It is known from the prior art to provide a material with low thermal conductivity, high dielectric strength, and high heat (fire) resistance between individual battery cells in order to reduce the risk of heat propagation. For example, it is known from EP 3 753 056B1 to embed individual battery cells in a potting compound consisting of a polyurethane foam with a high proportion of flame retardant. The polyurethane foam should preferably have a flame retardancy level of V0 as measured by the UL 94 test for the flammability of plastics.

[0005] UL 94 testing is conducted under open flame. The classification (e.g., level V0) determined during testing is a limited value with respect to the suitability of the materials used in the battery pack, with the aim of minimizing thermal runaway, as the test conditions differ significantly from those within the battery pack. Therefore, materials such as potting compounds made of polyurethane are also tested in battery packs where thermal runaway is triggered in individual cells. However, this is done in non-standard settings or methods, as each battery pack manufacturer uses its own battery pack design for the test bench. Therefore, test results for induced thermal runaway obtained in this way cannot be directly compared to each other. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, the present invention is based on the aim of providing a test bench for materials that can be used in battery packs, the test bench ensuring a good balance between effort (cost, working time, test environment) and benefits regarding material evaluation and process evaluation in the battery pack during thermal runaway.

[0008] The fundamental objective of this invention is achieved by utilizing a combination of features according to claim 1. Embodiments of the invention can be obtained from the dependent claims of claim 1.

[0009] According to the present invention, a test bench for evaluating materials suitable for use in a battery pack under conditions that may occur during thermal runaway has a first temperature sensor and at least a second temperature sensor, the first and second temperature sensors being arranged in an internal space, and the distances A1 between the trigger cell and the first temperature sensor and A2 between the trigger cell and the second temperature sensor being different from each other. Therefore, the respective temperature sensors preferably detect the time history of temperature from the activation time of the trigger cell. Comparison of the time histories of temperature sensors in different locations allows for important conclusions regarding how heat propagates within the internal space.

[0010] In one implementation, the nth-order battery pack cell is arranged between the trigger cell and the (n+1)th-order battery pack cells (n = 1, 2, 3...), wherein, viewed from the trigger cell, a first temperature sensor is positioned in front of the nth-order battery pack cell, and a second temperature sensor is positioned behind the nth-order battery pack cell. The smaller the order, the smaller the distance between the trigger cell and the battery pack cells.

[0011] When the trigger cell is activated, the first temperature sensor, located closer to the trigger cell, will initially be exposed to a higher temperature, while the nth-order battery cell provides thermal shielding for the second temperature sensor and the (n+1)th-order battery cell. Specifically, a significant temperature rise occurs at the second temperature sensor when heat propagation also causes the nth-order battery cell to release energy. Therefore, this arrangement of the temperature sensors makes it possible to record the time until the nth-order battery cell also releases its own energy.

[0012] The individual cells of the trigger cell and the individual cells of the battery pack can be arranged in a honeycomb pattern, wherein each individual cell not located at the boundary of the honeycomb pattern has six adjacent individual cells located at the corners of an equilateral hexagon, the side length of which is equal to the distance between the individual cell and its adjacent individual cells.

[0013] Due to the honeycomb pattern, the trigger cell has six adjacent cells, each arranged at the same distance A from the trigger cell. When the trigger cell is activated, all six adjacent cells are thus affected by the energy released by the trigger cell in the same way. In a preferred embodiment, the trigger cell is arranged at the center of the honeycomb pattern, with 6n nth-order battery pack cells of n = 1, 2, 3, ..., N arranged around the trigger cell, and the distance between the trigger cell and the nth-order battery pack cells corresponds to n times A. In one embodiment, N equals 5, thus providing six first-order battery pack cells, 12 second-order battery pack cells, 18 third-order battery pack cells, 24 fourth-order battery pack cells, and 30 fifth-order battery pack cells. The second-order battery pack cells are arranged on an equilateral hexagon with a side length of 2A. These 12 battery pack cells are arranged at the six corners of the hexagon and are centrally located between each of the six corners. The fifth-order battery pack cells are located on the outermost hexagon with a side length of 5A. Together with the centrally arranged index cells, the honeycomb pattern of this embodiment thus has a total of 91 cells. The battery pack cells preferably have a basic cylindrical shape with a longitudinal axis and a circular cross-section. The length L of the battery pack cells can be 3, 5, or even 7 times larger than the maximum spatial range perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. In the case of battery pack cells with a circular cross-section, the maximum spatial range corresponds to the diameter D. Preferably, the cells arranged in the honeycomb pattern are housed in a honeycomb-shaped casing. This allows for a particularly compact housing of the honeycomb pattern.

[0014] As an alternative to the honeycomb pattern, in another embodiment, the trigger cells and battery pack cells are arranged adjacent to each other in a row. In this case, the trigger cells can be arranged in the middle or center, such that when the trigger cells are activated, heat propagation spreads in both directions along the row. However, the trigger cells can also be external cells, such that heat propagation spreads in only one direction. Here, the battery pack cells preferably have a prismatic or cubic base shape, wherein the flat base side of the battery pack cell can face the flat base side of the adjacent battery pack cell. Here, the housing is preferably cubic.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the spatial extent of the individual battery cells corresponds to the spatial extent of the trigger cell. For example, if the individual battery cells are cylinders, the trigger cell can also be a cylinder with the same length and diameter D. This ensures a realistic testing environment, as heat propagation in a real battery pack originates from the (defective) individual battery cells, which are simulated by the activatable trigger cell in the test.

[0016] The material to be evaluated in the test bench can be an insulating material that can be placed between the individual cells of the battery pack. The insulating material can be a curable potting compound cast into the gaps between the individual cells. However, the material to be evaluated can also be a material surrounding channels in the battery pack cooling system used to cool the individual battery cells. Materials used to embed these cooling channels typically have a higher thermal conductivity than the thermal insulation material between the individual cells.

[0017] The housing may have a housing base located in the XY plane, and the initial battery pack cells and battery pack cells extend vertically from the housing base in the Z direction. A third temperature sensor can be positioned therein, measuring temperature at a height in the Z direction that differs from the height at which the first and / or second temperature sensors measure temperatures. The third temperature sensor and its measurement results can be used to describe heat propagation along the Z-axis. For example, this allows for the description of the effects of thermal bridging between adjacent individual cells (e.g., due to wiring between individual cells) if the battery pack exists at a specific height within the housing's internal space.

[0018] At least one of the temperature sensors can protrude vertically upwards from below through an opening in the base of the housing. The height of the temperature sensor within the internal space can be fixed by a threaded connection. The height of the temperature sensor refers to its height when detecting temperature. For example, if the temperature sensor is a thermocouple with a measuring tip, the height of the measuring tip corresponds to the height of the temperature sensor. The threaded connection allows for particularly flexible and precise definition of the temperature sensor height. In one embodiment, at least 80% or even all of the temperature sensors used in the test bench protrude through the bottom of the housing.

[0019] The temperature sensors can be arranged in a straight line. In one embodiment, the line intersects with the trigger cell. In another embodiment, the temperature sensors used are arranged in two or three straight lines (each line has a set of temperature sensors). The lines can be parallel or intersecting.

[0020] The test bench may have several legs, with the housing supported on the legs, thus maintaining free space between the housing floor and the ground on which the test bench stands. This free space can be used for the installation and arrangement of temperature sensors, which protrude from below through the building floor.

[0021] The housing may include a plurality of sidewalls extending vertically from the bottom of the housing toward the housing opening. The test bench may include a cover by which the housing opening can be closed. The suitability of materials for a seal or coating of the cover used between the cover and the housing in a battery pack can also be investigated using the test bench according to the invention. In an embodiment having individual cells arranged in a honeycomb pattern, the housing may have six sidewalls extending upward from the base of a hexagonal housing.

[0022] The housing can be made of metal. Other materials for the housing, such as plastic or reinforced plastic, are also conceivable.

[0023] Pressure limiting devices can be incorporated to restrict the dominant pressure within the housing's internal space. During thermal runaway or heat propagation, very high pressures can occur within the internal space, which may be limited by, for example, a pressure relief valve. Another inexpensive form of pressure limiting device is a plug made of rock wool. Rock wool ensures continuous pressure limiting and good thermal insulation, resulting in minimal heat loss via the plug and enabling realistic simulation of conditions in actual battery packs. The pressure limiting device can be attached to the housing and / or cover.

[0024] In embodiments where individual cells of the battery pack are arranged in a honeycomb pattern, a plate-shaped cell holder with multiple centering devices (e.g., in the form of holes or round holes) can be provided in the housing to determine the position of the triggering element and the position of the individual cells in the battery pack. A cell cell is inserted into each hole, such that the cell holder defines the honeycomb pattern. Preferably, the cell holder is located near or rests on the bottom of the housing. The basic shape of the cell holder is preferably hexagonal and can be inserted into the housing with a very small clearance. The plate-shaped cell holder can be made of plastic and manufactured by a 3D printer.

[0025] The metal plate can be disposed at the end of the individual battery cell, preferably away from the bottom of the housing. The metal plate in the housing of the test bench is intended to represent the wiring or interconnection of the individual battery cells in the battery pack (bus). Similar to the wiring / interconnection of the individual battery cells, the metal plate exhibits high thermal conductivity. The metal plate may have means for holding or securing the individual battery cells.

[0026] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for testing materials that can be used in battery packs, the method being achieved by a combination of the features of claim 11.

[0027] The method for testing materials according to the invention provides the use of the test bench described herein, wherein at least one trigger cell of the battery pack is activated to initiate thermal runaway, wherein the temperature measured by at least two temperature sensors during thermal runaway is recorded, and wherein the state of the individual cells of the battery pack and the time course of the measured temperature are evaluated after the test run. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. These are shown in:

[0029] Figure 1 The test stand according to the present invention is shown schematically;

[0030] Figure 2 It is along Figure 1 View of line II-II in the middle;

[0031] Figure 3 It refers to the arrangement of individual battery cells and trigger cells in the battery pack;

[0032] Figure 4 It is an alternative arrangement of the battery pack individual cells and the trigger individual cells in the two module carriers;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a longitudinal section of another embodiment of the implementation scheme;

[0034] Figure 6 It refers to the arrangement of individual battery cells, trigger cells, and temperature sensors in the battery pack;

[0035] Figure 7 It is a housing base with a hole for a temperature sensor; and

[0036] Figure 8 It is another test bench with prismatic battery pack cells. Detailed Implementation

[0037] Figure 1 and Figure 2A test bench 1 with a metal housing 10 is schematically shown, the metal housing 10 having a hexagonal housing base 11. The basic shape of the hexagonal housing base 11 corresponds to an equilateral hexagon. The housing 10 has six sidewalls 12 (12a to 12e) extending perpendicularly from the housing base 11 toward the housing opening 13. The housing opening 13 can be closed by a hexagonal cover 20. For securing the cover 20, a housing flange 14 is provided, on which the cover 20 rests flat when the housing opening 13 is closed. Fastening devices, such as screws and nuts, are not shown, by which the cover 20 and the housing flange 14 can be securely connected to each other. The cover 20 has a pressure relief valve 21, which restricts the pressure in the internal space 15 of the housing 10 upwards. Additionally or alternatively, the pressure relief valve 21 can be attached to either the housing base 11 or one of the sidewalls 12.

[0038] In indicating along Figure 1 The view of line II-II in the middle Figure 2 In the diagram, it is not shown that the space can be arranged in the internal space 15 of the housing 10 and... Figure 1 Components indicated only by dashed lines.

[0039] Figure 3 The housing 10 is shown from above, thus the housing flange 14 is not shown here. Multiple cylindrical individual cells 30 are arranged in a honeycomb pattern within the housing 10. Each individual cell has the same diameter D.

[0040] A cylindrical trigger cell 31 is located at the center of the honeycomb pattern. Six adjacent cells in the form of first-order cell 32 are arranged around the trigger cell 31, which is located at the corner of an equilateral hexagon, and each cell has a distance A from the trigger cell 31 (in the honeycomb pattern, all cells 30 have a distance A from their adjacent cells). In an embodiment, distance A corresponds to the diameter D of the cell 30. Distance A may also be greater than the diameter D, such that adjacent cells 30 are spaced apart and gaps are created between them. For example, distance A may be 1.0 to 1.3 times the diameter D.

[0041] Surrounding the six first-stage battery cells 32, twelve second-stage battery cells 33, arranged in a hexagonal pattern, are connected to the outer side in the radial direction. Following the second-stage battery cells 33 are third-stage battery cells 34, fourth-stage battery cells 35, and fifth-stage battery cells 36.

[0042] Energy can be supplied to the trigger cell 31, causing the battery pack to heat up. This is to simulate thermal runaway in a single cell. The increased temperature in the trigger cell 31 also causes thermal runaway in the first-stage battery pack cell 32, resulting in a chain reaction in the honeycomb pattern, and other battery pack cells are also affected by the heat propagation. Figure 3 The proportions on the left side of the middle section show that lower-order battery cells are more affected by heat propagation than higher-order battery cells.

[0043] For example, using a test bench 1 and individual cells 30 arranged in a honeycomb pattern, the effect of the material filling the gaps between the individual cells on heat propagation can be studied. If it is a material with very low thermal conductivity and high heat resistance (fire resistance), simulated thermal runaway of the centrally arranged battery pack cells 30 (see detonation battery pack cell 31) will not damage all the battery pack cells 30 in the honeycomb pattern in the same way; however, for example, the first-order battery pack cells 32 and the second-order battery pack cells 33 will be completely affected, while the higher-order battery pack cells will only be partially or slightly affected.

[0044] Figure 4 The housing 10 is shown, in which an internal space 15 houses a first battery pack module 40 and a second battery pack module 41. The first battery pack module 40 includes a first tray-shaped module carrier 42 with a trapezoidal carrier base. The carrier base has a longer base side 43, a shorter base side 44, and two waists 45, 46 connecting the two parallel base sides 43, 44. In the module carrier 42 of the first battery pack module 40, four trigger cells 31 are arranged in adjacent rows. Twelve first-order battery pack cells 32 surround these four trigger cells 31. Similarly, the cells 30 are arranged in a honeycomb pattern, which allows the cells 30 to be equidistantly spaced from directly adjacent cells. Second, third, and fourth-order battery pack cells 33, 34, 35 are also arranged in the module carrier 42.

[0045] The second module support 47 of the second battery pack module 41 is structurally identical to the first module support 42 of the first battery pack module 40. Only the individual battery cells 30 are arranged in the module support 47 of the second battery pack module 41. After simulated thermal runaway in the first battery pack module 40, the individual battery cells are not actually affected by heat propagation. With this test setup, the protection effect of the battery pack module can be checked in the test bench according to the present invention.

[0046] Figure 5A longitudinal section of another embodiment is shown, in which individual battery cells 30 are arranged in the internal space 15 of the housing 10, also in a honeycomb pattern with a center-triggered individual battery cell 31. In addition to the center-triggered individual battery cell 31, the honeycomb pattern includes first-order battery pack individual cells 32, second-order battery pack individual cells 33, third-order battery pack individual cells 34, and fourth-order battery pack individual cells 35. A plate-shaped individual battery cell holder 50 rests on the housing base 11, in which a plurality of circular openings 51 are provided. The openings 51 are arranged in a honeycomb pattern. Individual battery pack individual cells 30 can be inserted into the openings 51, such that the plate-shaped individual battery cell holder 50 determines the position of the battery pack individual cells. The plate-shaped individual battery cell holder 50 can be made of plastic.

[0047] A metal plate 60 is disposed at the end of each individual cell 30 away from the base of the casing 11. The metal plate has a plurality of stepped apertures 61. The metal plate 60 is used to simulate the wiring or metal interconnection between the individual cells 30. In the case of heat propagation starting from a defective cell in the battery pack, a very large amount of heat can be transferred to other cells 30, especially via thermally conductive metal wiring. In the test bench according to the invention, the effect is simulated by the metal plate 60.

[0048] The cover 20 has a circumferential seal 22. The circumferential seal 22 can also be the subject of study, in which the material of the circumferential seal 22 is subjected to the main conditions (temperature, pressure, fire resistance) during heat transmission.

[0049] Figure 5 It is also shown that an opening 16 is provided in the base 11 of the housing, and the line 37 shown in the dashed line can be used to start or control the triggering of the single cell 31 through the opening 16.

[0050] Figure 6 Shown from above in a honeycomb pattern Figure 5 The single cell 30. Here, it can also be seen that the distance A between the longitudinal central axes of two adjacent single cells 30 is greater than the diameter D. Each cell in the same order of battery pack can be assigned to an equilateral hexagon, with the cells arranged at the corners or sides of the hexagon. The side length of the hexagon in the first-order battery pack 32 is A. The side length of the hexagon in the nth-order battery pack is n times A (n = 1, 2, 3, 4). It should be noted that... Figure 5 and Figure 6 This is not a representation of a true scale. For example, distance A could be 1.02 to 1.07 times D.

[0051] Temperature sensors 70 are arranged in the gaps between the individual battery cells 30, which are arranged in a straight line 71 and at different distances from the trigger cell 31. Preferably, each temperature sensor 70 records a temperature profile over time from the activation of the trigger cell 31, and the temperature sensors 70 can be used to measure heat propagation as a function of time. A first temperature sensor 70a is arranged between the trigger cell 31 and the battery cell 32-1 of the first-order battery pack. A second temperature sensor 70b is arranged behind the battery cell 32-1. A distance A1 is given between the trigger cell 31 and the first temperature sensor 70a. Distance A1 is different from the distance A2 between the trigger cell 31 and the second temperature sensor 70b. Figure 6 In the diagram, distance A2 is approximately twice the distance A1. Alternatively or additionally, the temperature sensor may be arranged on other lines, such as the dashed line 72, which incidentally indicates... Figure 5 The intersection line of the longitudinal sections.

[0052] Figure 1 The temperature sensors 70 are shown to be arranged such that they can measure corresponding temperatures at different heights relative to the plane of the housing base 11. A third temperature sensor 70c is shown, which has a different height from the other temperature sensors 70 (at...). Figure 1 Only one temperature sensor can be seen in the image. This allows data to be obtained not only about heat propagation in the XY plane (the plane parallel to the building floor 11), but also about heat propagation in the Z direction (i.e., perpendicular to the XY plane).

[0053] To position the temperature sensor 70, an opening 17 can be provided in the base 11 of the housing (see...). Figure 7 The temperature sensor passes through the base 11 of the housing from below (see also...). Figure 1 Insert through the opening. For example, the height of each temperature sensor 70 can be precisely adjusted via a threaded connection. Figure 7 The pattern of the holes for the temperature sensor shown corresponds to that according to Figure 4 The testing equipment was used to study the effectiveness of the battery pack module.

[0054] To allow free space for the temperature sensor 70 between the base 11 of the housing and the ground 2 where the test platform 1 is located, it is preferable to provide support feet 18 at the corners of the hexagonal housing (see...). Figure 1 Since high temperatures may be generated in the housing 10 during testing, the feet 18 also ensure the necessary distance from the ground 2 so that they will not be damaged due to heat generation.

[0055] Figure 8Another test stand 1 with a cuboid housing 10 is shown, in which multiple non-uniform prismatic or cuboid battery cells 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36 are arranged in the internal space 15 of the cuboid housing 10. The test stand 1 is shown from above in an open state, i.e., without a cover. A cubic trigger cell 31 is also located in the center, allowing heat propagation to occur in two directions (in... Figure 8 (As shown in the diagram, to the left and right). Each of the temperature sensors 70 is arranged in a straight line between two adjacent individual cells.

[0056] List of reference numerals

[0057] 1 Test bench 35 Fourth-order battery pack single cell

[0058] 2 Ground-based 36 Fifth-order battery pack individual cells

[0059] 10 housings, 37 wires

[0060] 11. Housing base 40. First battery pack module

[0061] 12 Sidewalls (12a to 12f) 41 Second Battery Pack Module

[0062] 13 Shell opening 42 First module support

[0063] 14. Shell flange 43. Longer bottom edge

[0064] 15 Interior space 44 Shorter bottom side

[0065] 16 Opening 45 Waist

[0066] 17 Opening 46 Waist

[0067] 18 Support legs 47 Second module load-bearing component

[0068] 20-cell battery holder with 50-cell cap

[0069] 21 Pressure limiting device / pressure relief valve 51 Opening

[0070] 22 Seal 60 Metal Plate

[0071] 30 single cell cells, 61 stepped openings

[0072] 31 trigger cells, 70 temperature sensors (70a, 70b, 70c)

[0073] 32 First-stage battery pack single cell 71 linear

[0074] 33 Second-stage battery pack single cell 72 linear

[0075] 34 Third-stage battery pack single cell

Claims

1. A test bench (1) for evaluating materials used in a battery pack under conditions that may occur during thermal runaway, the test bench (1) comprising a housing (10), wherein at least one activatable trigger cell (31), a plurality of cylindrical battery pack cells (32, 33, 34, 35, 36) and the material to be evaluated are arranged in an internal space (15) of the housing (10) or on the housing (10), a first temperature sensor (70a) and at least one second temperature sensor (70b) are arranged in the internal space (15), the distance A1 between the trigger cell (31) and the first temperature sensor (70a) and the distance A2 between the trigger cell (31) and the second temperature sensor (70b) are different from each other.

2. The test stand (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nth-order battery pack cell is arranged between the trigger cell (31) and the (n+1)th-order battery pack cell, wherein, as viewed from the trigger cell (31), the first temperature sensor (70a) is located in front of the nth-order battery pack cell, and the second temperature sensor (70b) is located behind the nth-order battery pack cell.

3. The test stand (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The trigger cell (32) and the battery pack cells (32, 33, 34, 35, 36) are arranged in a honeycomb pattern, wherein the cell not located at the boundary of the honeycomb pattern has six adjacent cells located at the corners of an equilateral hexagon, the side length of which corresponds to the distance between the cell and the adjacent cells.

4. The test stand (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The trigger cell (31) and the battery pack cells (32, 33, 34, 35, 36) are arranged side by side in a row.

5. The test stand (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The housing has a housing base (11) located in the XY plane, and the trigger cell and the battery pack cell also extend vertically from the housing base in the Z direction. A third temperature sensor (70c) is provided to measure the temperature at a height in the Z direction, which is different from the height at which the first temperature sensor measures the temperature and / or the second temperature sensor measures the temperature.

6. The test stand (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that, At least one of the temperature sensors (70) protrudes vertically upward from below through an opening (17) in the base (11) of the housing, and its height is fixed in the internal space (15) by a threaded connection.

7. The test stand (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The temperature sensor (70) is arranged on a straight line (71).

8. The test stand (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The housing (10) is supported on a plurality of legs (18) such that free space is maintained between the base (11) of the housing and the ground (2) on which the test bench (1) stands via the legs (18).

9. The test stand (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The housing (10) has a sidewall (12) extending vertically from the housing base (11) in the direction of the housing opening (13), and is provided with a cover (20) for closing the housing opening (13).

10. The test stand (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, A metal plate (60) with an opening (61) is provided at the end of the single cell (30) away from the base (11) of the casing.

11. A method for testing a battery pack assembly using a test bench according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one trigger cell (31) is activated to initiate the thermal runaway, wherein the temperature measured by the at least two temperature sensors (70) during the thermal runaway is recorded, and wherein, after the thermal runaway, the state and measured temperature of the individual battery pack cells (32, 33, 34, 35, 36) are evaluated over time.

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