Dust removal equipment for mining machine

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of atmospheric pollution, and particularly relates to dust removal equipment for a mining machine, the dust removal equipment comprises a base, a cyclone separator and a bag-type dust remover which are communicated with each other are fixedly mounted at the upper end of the base, an air inlet of the cyclone separator is further fixedly communicated with an induced draft pipe, an induced draft fan is mounted on the induced draft pipe, and the bag-type dust remover is fixedly connected with the air inlet of the cyclone separator. The induced draft fan is fixedly installed at the upper end of the base, the front end of the induced draft pipe is further fixedly communicated with a dust hood through an elastic telescopic pipe, and the device further comprises a PLC, a dusty gas state detection mechanism, a pre-spraying water conditioning mechanism, an air inlet speed self-regulation mechanism and a feedback regulation mechanism. The power and the ventilation quantity of the induced draft fan are automatically adjusted based on the dust concentration, water is pre-sprayed based on the dust water content, the inlet air speed of the cyclone separator is adjusted based on the ventilation quantity, and the input number of filter bags of the bag-type dust remover is adjusted. The comprehensive functions of efficiently capturing dust, preventing overflow, avoiding equipment blockage, guaranteeing stable operation of dust removal equipment and saving energy are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of atmospheric pollution technology, and in particular relates to a dust removal device for mining machines. Background Technology

[0002] Mining machines are specialized equipment used to extract mineral resources (such as coal, metallic ores, and non-metallic ores). They separate and transport ore from rock masses through cutting, crushing, stripping, and tunneling. When mining machines are working (such as cutting, crushing, and transporting), they generate a large amount of dust. If this dust is not controlled, it can cause multiple problems. Therefore, dust removal equipment must be provided. For example, the patent with patent publication number CN215539502U proposes a dust removal device for mining machinery.

[0003] To ensure effective dust removal, a two-stage dust collection system is commonly used for dust control in mining machines. The first stage uses a heavy-duty cyclone separator to intercept large dust particles, while the second stage uses a wear-resistant bag filter to treat fine dust. The core function of the cyclone separator is to separate large dust particles. Its operation relies on centrifugal force to cause the dust to settle after impacting the cylinder wall. When highly viscous dust directly enters the cyclone separator, the large, sticky dust particles will adhere to the cylinder wall due to their own stickiness (especially at the ash discharge port at the bottom of the cone), gradually forming "scaling," which reduces the effective flow cross-section of the separator. Small dust particles, when centrifugal force decreases, can even cause complete blockage in severe cases. Furthermore, highly adhesive small dust particles can easily adhere to the filter bag surface if they continue to enter the baghouse dust collector, leading to cleaning failure and affecting the stable operation of the baghouse dust collector. In the crushing and mining of metal mines, the dust particles generated are highly dry, and the dry state strengthens the adsorption force between dust particles, resulting in greater stickiness. Directly using cyclone separators and baghouse dust collectors for dust removal can easily cause blockage problems in both, affecting the continuous operation of dust removal. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the above-mentioned problems by providing a dust removal device for mining machines.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a dust removal device for mining machines, comprising a base, wherein a cyclone separator and a bag filter are fixedly mounted and connected at the upper end of the base, the air inlet of the cyclone separator is also fixedly connected to an exhaust pipe, an exhaust fan is mounted on the exhaust pipe, the exhaust fan is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the base, and a dust suction hood is fixedly connected to the front end of the exhaust pipe through an elastic telescopic tube, further comprising: The PLC controller is fixedly installed on the upper part of the base; A dust-laden gas state detection mechanism is installed at the front end of the exhaust duct and fixedly installed at the upper end of the base; The pre-spray water conditioning mechanism is fixedly connected to the exhaust pipe and fixedly installed on the upper end of the base. The PLC controller is configured such that the total amount of dust per unit time determined by the dust-laden gas state detection mechanism is positively correlated with the amount of water sprayed by the pre-spray water conditioning mechanism. An air intake speed self-regulating mechanism is fixedly connected between the air duct and the cyclone separator. The PLC controller is configured such that the ventilation volume determined by the dust-laden gas state detection mechanism is positively correlated with the ventilation cross-sectional area of ​​the air intake speed self-regulating mechanism. A feedback adjustment mechanism is fixedly installed on the upper end of the base. The PLC controller is configured such that the dust concentration and ventilation volume determined by the dust-laden gas state detection mechanism are positively correlated with the working power of the induced draft fan and the number of filter bag units required to be opened by the bag filter.

[0006] In the aforementioned dust removal equipment for mining machines, the dust-laden gas state detection mechanism includes a detection shell fixedly connected to the exhaust pipe, and a laser dust sensor and an online moisture content sensor are fixedly installed on the detection shell.

[0007] In the aforementioned dust removal equipment for mining machines, the pre-spraying water conditioning mechanism includes a support plate fixedly connected to the upper end of the base. A water spray cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper side wall of the support plate. The water spray cylinder is fixedly connected to the exhaust pipe. Multiple water spray heads are uniformly inserted into the cylinder wall of the water spray cylinder. The outer ends of the multiple water spray heads are fixedly connected to the same hollow water supply cylinder. A water supply pipe is fixedly connected to the cylinder wall of the hollow water supply cylinder. A water supply pump is installed on the water supply pipe. An electrically controlled gate valve and a return water pipe are also connected to the water supply pipe. A trigger start mechanism is also fixedly installed on the support plate.

[0008] In the aforementioned dust removal equipment for mining machines, the self-regulating inlet air speed mechanism includes a ventilation shell fixedly connected between the exhaust pipe and the cyclone separator. Multiple regulating flaps are rotatably connected to the inner walls of opposite upper and lower sides of the ventilation shell via multiple rotating shafts. The two ends of each regulating flap are designed with arc structures. A mounting shell is fixedly connected to the upper end of the ventilation shell. A drive shaft is rotatably connected to the top of the inner wall of the mounting shell. The drive shaft and the rotating shaft are connected via a bevel gear assembly. A servo motor for driving the drive shaft to rotate is fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the mounting shell. An encoder is fixedly installed on the other side of the inner wall of the mounting shell, and the input end of the encoder is fixedly connected to one end of the drive shaft.

[0009] In the aforementioned dust removal equipment for mining machines, the feedback adjustment mechanism includes a feedback housing fixedly installed on the upper end of the base. An electric slide rail is fixedly installed on the top of the inner wall of the feedback housing. A moving plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the slider inside the electric slide rail. A potentiometer is fixedly connected to the side wall of the moving plate. A transmission gear is fixedly connected to the center of the rotating end of the potentiometer. A transmission rack that meshes with the transmission gear is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the feedback housing. A miniature laser rangefinder, which is opposite to the moving plate, is also fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the feedback housing.

[0010] In the aforementioned dust removal equipment for mining machines, the triggering mechanism includes a trigger housing fixedly connected to the side wall of the support plate. Multiple anti-detachment rods are symmetrically inserted into the lower end of the trigger housing. The upper ends of the multiple anti-detachment rods are fixedly connected to the same insulating plate. Multiple return springs, sleeved outside the anti-detachment rods, are fixedly connected between the insulating plate and the trigger housing. A conductive plate is fixedly installed at the upper end of the insulating plate. An electrical contact plate, opposite to the conductive plate, is fixedly installed at the top of the inner wall of the trigger housing. A thrust permanent magnet plate is fixedly installed at the lower end of the insulating plate. A thrust electromagnetic plate, opposite to the thrust permanent magnet plate, is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the trigger housing.

[0011] In the above-mentioned dust removal equipment for mining machines, a programmable electronic pressure switch is fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the feedback shell, a pressure rod is movably inserted into the side wall of the moving plate, a pressure plate is fixedly connected to the end of the pressure rod near the programmable electronic pressure switch, and a compression spring sleeved on the outside of the pressure rod is fixedly connected between the pressure plate and the moving plate.

[0012] In the aforementioned dust removal equipment for mining machines, a plurality of bearing seats are fixedly installed on the top of the inner wall of the mounting housing, and the inner wall of the bearing seats is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the transmission shaft by ball bearings.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. Through the set dust-laden gas state detection mechanism, induced draft fan, and feedback adjustment mechanism, the working power of the induced draft fan can be automatically adjusted based on the dust concentration, thereby realizing automatic adjustment of ventilation volume. This better adapts to the changes in dust concentration during mining operations, ensuring that high-concentration dust is effectively captured to prevent spillage pollution, while also reducing ineffective energy consumption and achieving energy-saving operation.

[0014] 2. By setting up a dust-laden gas state detection mechanism and a pre-spray water conditioning mechanism, the dryness of dust particles can be judged based on the moisture content of the dust particles. Pre-spray water is carried out on the dust particles before they pass through the cyclone separator and bag filter to avoid the problem of excessive stickiness caused by excessively dry dust particles, which can easily cause blockage of the cyclone separator and bag filter.

[0015] 3. Through the set dust-laden gas state detection mechanism, inlet air velocity self-regulation mechanism, and cyclone separator, the air velocity at the inlet of the cyclone separator can be automatically adjusted based on the ventilation volume, ensuring the stability of the air velocity at the inlet of the cyclone separator and ensuring the working quality and stability of the cyclone separator.

[0016] 4. Through the set dust-laden gas state detection mechanism, feedback adjustment mechanism, and bag filter, the number of filter bag units in the bag filter can be automatically adjusted based on the ventilation volume to ensure the stable filtration rate of the bag filter. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the dust-laden gas state detection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the pre-spray water conditioning mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a side sectional view of the self-regulating air intake speed mechanism of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a side sectional view of the feedback adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the triggering mechanism of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Dust-laden gas state detection mechanism; 21. Detection housing; 22. Laser dust sensor; 23. Online moisture content sensor; 3. Pre-spray water conditioning mechanism; 31. Support plate; 32. Spray cylinder; 33. Spray head; 34. Hollow water supply cylinder; 35. Water supply pipe; 36. Water supply pump; 37. Electrically controlled gate valve; 38. Return water pipe; 4. Inlet air speed self-regulating mechanism; 41. Ventilation housing; 42. Rotating shaft; 43. Control flap; 44. Mounting housing; 45. Drive shaft; 46. Bevel gear assembly; 47. Servo motor; 48. Encoder; 49. Bearing seat; 5. Feedback adjustment mechanism; 51. Feedback. 52. Housing, 53. Electric slide rail, 54. Moving plate, 55. Potentiometer, 56. Transmission gear, 57. Transmission rack, 58. Miniature laser rangefinder, 59. Programmable electronic pressure switch, 50. Pressure rod, 510. Pressure plate, 511. Compression spring, 61. Trigger starting mechanism, 62. Trigger housing, 63. Anti-detachment rod, 64. Insulating plate, 65. Reset spring, 66. Conductive plate, 67. Electrical connection plate, 68. Thrust permanent magnet plate, 7. Thrust electromagnetic plate, 8. Cyclone separator, 9. Bag dust collector, 10. Exhaust duct, 11. Exhaust fan, 12. Elastic telescopic tube, 13. Dust collection hood, 14. PLC controller. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0020] like Figures 1-7 As shown, a dust removal device for a mining machine includes a base 1. A cyclone separator 7 and a bag filter 8 are fixedly mounted on the upper end of the base 1 and are connected in series. The air inlet of the cyclone separator 7 is also fixedly connected to an exhaust pipe 9. An exhaust fan 10 is mounted on the exhaust pipe 9 and is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the base 1. The front end of the exhaust pipe 9 is also fixedly connected to a dust suction hood 12 through an elastic telescopic tube 11. The device also includes: The PLC controller 13 is fixedly installed on the upper part of the base 1; The dust-laden gas state detection mechanism 2 is installed at the front end of the exhaust pipe 9 and fixedly installed on the upper end of the base 1. The dust-laden gas state detection mechanism 2 includes a detection shell 21 fixedly connected to the exhaust pipe 9. A laser dust sensor 22 and an online moisture content sensor 23 are fixedly installed on the detection shell 21.

[0021] The pre-spray water conditioning mechanism 3 is fixedly connected to the exhaust pipe 9 and fixedly installed on the upper end of the base 1. The PLC controller 13 is configured such that the total amount of dust determined by the dust-laden gas state detection mechanism 2 per unit time is positively correlated with the amount of water sprayed by the pre-spray water conditioning mechanism 3. The pre-spray water conditioning mechanism 3 includes a support plate 31 fixedly connected to the upper end of the base 1. A water spray cylinder 32 is fixedly connected to the upper side wall of the support plate 31. The water spray cylinder 32 is fixedly connected to the exhaust pipe 9. Multiple water spray heads 33 are evenly fixedly inserted into the cylinder wall of the water spray cylinder 32. The outer ends of the multiple water spray heads 33 are fixedly connected to the same hollow water supply cylinder 34. A water supply pipe 35 is fixedly connected to the cylinder wall of the hollow water supply cylinder 34. A water supply pump 36 is installed on the water supply pipe 35. An electric control gate valve 37 and a return water pipe 38 are also connected to the water supply pipe 35. A trigger start mechanism 6 is also fixedly installed on the support plate 31.

[0022] The triggering mechanism 6 includes a trigger housing 61 fixedly connected to the side wall of the support plate 31. The lower end of the trigger housing 61 has multiple anti-disengagement rods 62 symmetrically inserted. The upper ends of the multiple anti-disengagement rods 62 are fixedly connected to the same insulating plate 63. Multiple reset springs 64 sleeved on the outside of the anti-disengagement rods 62 are fixedly connected between the insulating plate 63 and the trigger housing 61. A conductive plate 65 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the insulating plate 63. An electrical contact plate 66 opposite to the conductive plate 65 is fixedly installed on the top of the inner wall of the trigger housing 61. A thrust permanent magnet plate 67 is fixedly installed on the lower end of the insulating plate 63. A thrust electromagnetic plate 68 opposite to the thrust permanent magnet plate 67 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the inner wall of the trigger housing 61.

[0023] An inlet air velocity self-regulating mechanism 4 is fixedly connected between the exhaust duct 9 and the cyclone separator 7. The PLC controller 13 is configured such that the ventilation volume determined by the dust-laden gas state detection mechanism 2 is positively correlated with the ventilation cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet air velocity self-regulating mechanism 4. The inlet air velocity self-regulating mechanism 4 includes a ventilation shell 41 fixedly connected between the exhaust duct 9 and the cyclone separator 7. Multiple regulating flaps 43 are rotatably connected to the inner walls of opposite upper and lower sides of the ventilation shell 41 via multiple rotating shafts 42. The two ends of the regulating flaps 43 are designed with arc structures. The upper end of the ventilation shell 41 is fixed. A mounting housing 44 is connected, and a drive shaft 45 is rotatably connected to the top of the inner wall of the mounting housing 44. The drive shaft 45 and the rotating shaft 42 are connected by a bevel gear assembly 46. A servo motor 47 for driving the drive shaft 45 to rotate is fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the mounting housing 44. An encoder 48 is fixedly installed on the other side of the inner wall of the mounting housing 44. The input end of the encoder 48 is fixedly connected to one end of the drive shaft 45. Multiple bearing seats 49 are fixedly installed on the top of the inner wall of the mounting housing 44. The inner wall of the bearing seats 49 is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the drive shaft 45 by ball bearings.

[0024] Feedback adjustment mechanism 5 is fixedly installed on the upper end of base 1. PLC controller 13 is configured such that the dust concentration and ventilation volume determined by dust-laden gas state detection mechanism 2 are positively correlated with the working power of induced draft fan 10 and the number of filter bag units that need to be opened in bag filter 8, respectively. Feedback adjustment mechanism 5 includes a feedback shell 51 fixedly installed on the upper end of base 1. An electric slide rail 52 is fixedly installed on the top of the inner wall of feedback shell 51. A moving plate 53 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the slider inside electric slide rail 52. A potentiometer 54 is fixedly connected to the side wall of moving plate 53. The center of the rotating end of potentiometer 54 is... A transmission gear 55 is fixedly connected. A transmission rack 56 that meshes with the transmission gear 55 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the feedback housing 51. A miniature laser rangefinder 57 that is opposite to the moving plate 53 is also fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the feedback housing 51. A programmable electronic pressure switch 58 is fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the feedback housing 51. A pressure rod 59 is movably inserted into the side wall of the moving plate 53. A pressure plate 510 is fixedly connected to one end of the pressure rod 59 near the programmable electronic pressure switch 58. A compression spring 511 that is sleeved on the outside of the pressure rod 59 is fixedly connected between the pressure plate 510 and the moving plate 53.

[0025] The operating principle of this invention is described as follows: According to requirements, the dust collection hood 12, together with the elastic telescopic tube 11, is fixed at the location where the mining machine mainly generates dust. The induced draft fan 10, together with the induced draft pipe 9, forms a negative pressure suction force within the dust collection hood 12, rapidly drawing the generated dust into the cyclone separator 7 and the bag filter 8 for processing. The cyclone separator 7 intercepts large dust particles, and the bag filter 8 processes fine powder. The laser dust sensor 22 in the dust-laden gas state detection mechanism 2 monitors the dust concentration in the inhaled dust-laden gas in real time and feeds back a signal value to the PLC controller 13. The PLC controller 13 then adjusts the setting of the miniature laser rangefinder 57 within the feedback adjustment mechanism 5 based on the signal fed back by the laser dust sensor 22. Specifically, when a high dust concentration is detected, the PLC controller 13 sets a smaller distance threshold for the miniature laser rangefinder 57. The PLC controller 13 then controls the electric slide rail 52 to drive the moving plate 53 and potentiometer 54 to move until the distance between the moving plate 53 and the miniature laser rangefinder 57 reaches the threshold set by the miniature laser rangefinder 57. The movement of the potentiometer 54 causes the transmission gear 55 connected to its rotating end to mesh with the transmission rack 56, thus causing the rotating end of the potentiometer 54 to rotate. This gradually reduces the resistance of the potentiometer 54. The potentiometer 54 is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the induced draft fan 10, which is a DC motor. The increased power supply current of the induced draft fan 10 results in a higher operating power and a larger ventilation volume for the dust-laden gas. Conversely, when the detected dust concentration decreases, the PLC controller 13 sets a higher distance threshold for the miniature laser rangefinder 57. At this time, the electric slide rail 52 drives the moving plate 53 and potentiometer 54 to move in the opposite direction until the distance threshold set by the miniature laser rangefinder 57 is reached again. Furthermore, the reverse movement of the potentiometer 54 increases its resistance, causing a decrease in the power of the induced draft fan 10 and a decrease in the ventilation volume for the dust-laden gas. This achieves automatic adjustment of the ventilation volume based on changes in dust concentration, as dust concentration is not constant during mining operations. When the workload is high, the instantaneous dust concentration can rise sharply. When the workload is low, the dust concentration will drop significantly. If the air volume of the induced draft fan 10 is fixed, when the dust concentration rises sharply, the fixed air volume cannot remove the excessive dust in time (the amount of dust generated per unit time is greater than the carrying capacity of the induced draft fan 10). This causes the dust-laden airflow to overflow from the mining machine working face (such as near the cutting head or transfer point), resulting in the dust concentration in the working environment exceeding the standard, which endangers the health of workers and violates environmental protection regulations. Moreover, the induced draft fan 10 is the main energy-consuming equipment of the dust removal system. Its energy consumption is proportional to the cube of the air volume (a 10% reduction in air volume can reduce energy consumption by 27%). In the fixed air volume mode, the "passage volume" at low dust concentration will cause huge energy waste. The online moisture content sensor 23 inside the dust-laden gas state detection mechanism 2 monitors the dryness of dust particles in the dust-laden airflow in real time. When the detected dryness of the dust particles is high enough to affect the operation of the cyclone separator 7 and the bag filter 8, the pre-spray water conditioning mechanism 3 is triggered. Specifically, the PLC controller 13 controls the power supply equipment to supply power to the thrust electromagnetic plate 68 inside the triggering mechanism 6 based on the signal fed back by the online moisture content sensor 23. The thrust electromagnetic plate 68 generates the same magnetism as the thrust permanent magnet plate 67 when energized, thereby making the insulation Plate 63 drives conductive plate 65 to move toward electrical contact plate 66 against the elastic force of reset spring 64. The lower the humidity of the dust-laden airflow detected by online moisture content sensor 23, the greater the current supplied by the power supply equipment to the thrust electromagnetic plate 68. When the moisture content of the dust-laden airflow detected by online moisture content sensor 23 is low to the threshold, the power supply current of thrust electromagnetic plate 68 is sufficient, thereby enabling thrust electromagnetic plate 68 to generate sufficient magnetic thrust, so that conductive plate 65 and electrical contact plate 66 come into contact, connecting the power supply circuit of pre-spray water conditioning mechanism 3, so that pre-spray water conditioning mechanism 3 is put into operation. Water pump 36, in conjunction with water supply pipe 35, draws water from an external source and delivers it to the hollow water supply cylinder 34. The water is then sprayed out through multiple spray nozzles 33 to humidify the dust-laden airflow. PLC controller 13 adjusts the opening and closing degree of the electrically controlled gate valve 37 on water supply pipe 35 based on the dryness of the dust-laden airflow fed back by online moisture content sensor 23. The drier the dust-laden airflow, the greater the amount of water needed to reduce the stickiness of the dust particles. In this case, PLC controller 13 controls the opening and closing degree of electrically controlled gate valve 37 to be larger, performing a larger amount of water spraying. Furthermore, PLC controller 13 also synchronously adjusts the opening and closing degree of electrically controlled gate valve 37 based on the dust concentration fed back by laser dust sensor 22. Since higher dust concentrations result in increased power for induced draft fan 10, PLC controller 13... The total amount of dust to be processed per unit time is calculated by multiplying the dust concentration and ventilation volume. The opening and closing degree of the electrically controlled gate valve 37 is then adjusted accordingly. In short, the drier the dust particles, the higher the dust concentration, and the greater the ventilation volume, the greater the opening and closing degree of the electrically controlled gate valve 37 will be, allowing more water to be delivered to the spray head 33 for humidification of the dust particles. This ensures the stability of the subsequent operation of the cyclone separator 7 and bag filter 8, because a dry state strengthens the adsorption forces between dust particles. These forces are the essential source of "stickiness." The "stickiness" of dust particles is essentially the mutual adsorption force between particles, among which van der Waals forces (intermolecular electrostatic attraction) are one of the most fundamental forces. The magnitude of van der Waals forces is inversely proportional to the sixth power of the inter-particle surface distance (the closer the distance, the stronger the force). When dust is extremely dry, the particle surface has almost no moisture, and adjacent particles can directly contact each other (the distance shrinks to the nanometer scale). Van der Waals forces will increase dramatically due to the shortened distance. In mining operations (cutting, crushing, and transporting), dust particles generate a large amount of static charge due to friction and collision. The "sticky effect" of static electricity is greatly amplified when dry. In dry dust, there is almost no conductive medium, and static charge cannot dissipate, accumulating on the particle surface over a long period. At this time, particles with opposite charges will be strongly attracted by "electrostatic attraction" (similar to a magnet attracting iron filings), forming stable "clumps," resulting in a significant increase in viscosity. The core function of the cyclone separator 7 is to separate large dust particles. The operation relies on centrifugal force to cause dust to settle after impacting the cylinder wall. If sticky dust directly enters the cyclone separator 7, large sticky dust particles will adhere to the cylinder wall due to their own stickiness (especially the ash discharge port at the bottom of the cone), gradually forming "scaling". This leads to a reduction in the effective flow cross-section of the cyclone separator 7, a decrease in centrifugal force, and in severe cases, even complete blockage. For the small dust particles that subsequently enter the bag filter 8, if the sticky small particles are not treated, they will stick to the surface of the filter bag like "glue", causing the dust removal to fail. After the pre-spray water conditioning mechanism 3 adaptively sprays water on the dust particles, the water forms a uniform water film on the surface of the dust particles, separating the dust particles that were originally in direct contact. This greatly weakens the intermolecular forces (van der Waals forces) between the particles, and the water film can conduct electric charge.This process rapidly dissipates the static charge on the particle surface, causing the polar water molecules to adhere to the dust surface, balancing the charge distribution of the particles, reducing the attraction between opposite charges, and thus lowering the adhesion between particles. This effectively prevents dust particles from easily causing blockages in the cyclone separator 7 and bag filter 8. The PLC controller 13 also self-adjusts the angle threshold of the encoder 48 in the inlet air velocity self-regulation mechanism 4 based on the dust concentration signal fed back by the laser dust sensor 22. Specifically, when the dust concentration signal is higher, the PLC controller 13 sets the angle threshold of the encoder 48 to be lower, that is, the servo motor 47 drives the transmission shaft 45 to rotate a smaller angle. The transmission shaft 45, in conjunction with the bevel gear assembly 46, drives the rotating shaft 42 to drive the regulating flap 43 to rotate a smaller angle, making the ventilation cross-sectional area of ​​the ventilation shell 41 relatively larger. This is because when the dust concentration reported by the laser dust sensor 22 is higher, the PLC controller 13 will cooperate with the feedback adjustment mechanism 5 to control the power of the induced draft fan 10 to increase, thereby increasing the ventilation air volume. In order to ensure the stability of the air velocity of the dust-laden airflow entering the cyclone separator 7, simultaneously increasing the cross-sectional area of ​​the ventilation opening can effectively reduce the air velocity. Wind speed = air volume / inlet cross-sectional area. When the air volume increases, the inlet cross-sectional area increases simultaneously to ensure stable wind speed. The separation efficiency and stability of the cyclone separator 7 are highly dependent on the inlet wind speed, internal flow field distribution, and dust discharge smoothness. Under normal operating conditions, the optimal inlet wind speed of the cyclone separator 7 is 12-20 m / s. If the wind speed is too low (<12 m / s), the centrifugal force will be insufficient, the separation efficiency of coarse particles will decrease, and more coarse powder will enter the bag filter 8, aggravating the wear of the filter bag. If the wind speed is too high (>25 m / s), the internal vortex of the cyclone separator 7 will be intensified, and the separated dust will be re-rolled up ("back mixing phenomenon"), and the separation efficiency will decrease. At the same time, the high-speed airflow will wash the cylinder wall, aggravating the wear of the equipment (especially the cone section and dust discharge port). By adjusting the inlet wind speed of the cyclone separator 7, the problem caused by the change in ventilation volume due to the change in dust concentration can be effectively solved. When the PLC controller 13 controls the movement of the electric slide rail 52 based on the signal fed back from the laser dust sensor 22, the movement of the moving plate 53 driven by the electric slide rail 52 will drive the pressure rod 59 and the pressure plate 510 to press against the programmable electronic pressure switch 58 through the pressure force of the compression spring 511. The pressure force generated by the compression spring 511 is based on the formula f=kx, so that the pressure value of the pressure plate 510 on the programmable electronic pressure switch 58 is linearly positively correlated with the deformation of the compression spring 511. That is, the higher the dust concentration and the greater the ventilation volume, the greater the pressure value of the pressure plate 510 on the programmable electronic pressure switch 58. The programmable electronic pressure switch 58 feeds back signals to the PLC controller 13 based on several preset pressure parameter ranges to control the number of filter bag units put into the bag dust collector 8. The greater the pressure on the programmable electronic pressure switch 58, the more filter bag units the PLC controller 13 controls the bag filter 8 to open (the use of filter bag units in the bag filter 8 is existing technology and will not be elaborated here). This is because when the air volume increases, a relatively small number of filter bag units will cause the filtration speed of a single filter bag unit to be too fast, which will shorten the life of the filter bag fibers due to the high-speed airflow and cause fine dust to easily penetrate the filter bag. Conversely, when the air volume is low, a relatively large number of filter bag units will cause the filtration speed of a single filter bag unit to be too slow, resulting in slow dust deposition, low filter bag utilization, uneven system resistance distribution, and affecting the stable operation of the bag filter 8. The number of filter bag units put into the bag filter 8 is automatically adjusted based on the ventilation air volume to ensure the stable filtration speed of the bag filter 8.

[0026] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust removal device for a mining machine, comprising a base (1), wherein a cyclone separator (7) and a bag filter (8) are fixedly mounted and connected at the upper end of the base (1), and an exhaust pipe (9) is fixedly connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator (7), an exhaust fan (10) is mounted on the exhaust pipe (9), the exhaust fan (10) is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the base (1), and a dust suction hood (12) is fixedly connected to the front end of the exhaust pipe (9) through an elastic telescopic tube (11), characterized in that, Also includes: The PLC controller (13) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the base (1); The dust-laden gas state detection mechanism (2) is installed at the front end of the exhaust pipe (9) and fixedly installed at the upper end of the base (1); The pre-spray water conditioning mechanism (3) is fixedly connected to the air duct (9) and fixedly installed on the upper end of the base (1). The PLC controller (13) is configured such that the total amount of dust determined by the dust-containing gas state detection mechanism (2) per unit time is positively correlated with the amount of water sprayed by the pre-spray water conditioning mechanism (3). The air intake speed self-regulating mechanism (4) is fixedly connected between the air intake pipe (9) and the cyclone separator (7). The PLC controller (13) is configured such that the ventilation volume determined by the dust-containing gas state detection mechanism (2) is positively correlated with the ventilation cross-sectional area of ​​the air intake speed self-regulating mechanism (4). Feedback adjustment mechanism (5) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the base (1). The PLC controller (13) is configured such that the dust concentration and ventilation volume determined by the dust-laden gas state detection mechanism (2) are positively correlated with the working power of the induced draft fan (10) and the number of filter bag units required to be opened by the bag filter (8).

2. The dust removal equipment for mining machines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust-laden gas state detection mechanism (2) includes a detection shell (21) fixedly connected to the exhaust pipe (9), and a laser dust sensor (22) and an online moisture content sensor (23) are fixedly installed on the detection shell (21).

3. The dust removal equipment for mining machines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-spray water conditioning mechanism (3) includes a support plate (31) fixedly connected to the upper end of the base (1). A water spray cylinder (32) is fixedly connected to the upper side wall of the support plate (31). The water spray cylinder (32) is fixedly connected to the air duct (9). Multiple water spray heads (33) are uniformly fixedly inserted into the cylinder wall of the water spray cylinder (32). The outer ends of the multiple water spray heads (33) are fixedly connected to the same hollow water supply cylinder (34). A water supply pipe (35) is fixedly connected to the cylinder wall of the hollow water supply cylinder (34). A water supply pump (36) is installed on the water supply pipe (35). An electric control gate valve (37) and a return water pipe (38) are also connected to the water supply pipe (35). A trigger start mechanism (6) is also fixedly installed on the support plate (31).

4. The dust removal equipment for mining machines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air intake speed self-regulating mechanism (4) includes a ventilation shell (41) fixedly connected between the air duct (9) and the cyclone separator (7). Multiple regulating flaps (43) are rotatably connected to the inner walls of the upper and lower opposite sides of the ventilation shell (41) through multiple rotating shafts (42). The two ends of the regulating flaps (43) are set as arc structures. The upper end of the ventilation shell (41) is fixedly connected to a mounting shell (44). The top of the inner wall of the mounting shell (44) is rotatably connected to a drive shaft (45). The drive shaft (45) and the rotating shaft (42) are connected by a bevel gear assembly (46). A servo motor (47) for driving the drive shaft (45) to rotate is fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the mounting shell (44). An encoder (48) is fixedly installed on the other side of the inner wall of the mounting shell (44). The input end of the encoder (48) is fixedly connected to one end of the drive shaft (45).

5. A dust removal device for a mining machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feedback adjustment mechanism (5) includes a feedback shell (51) fixedly installed on the upper end of the base (1). An electric slide rail (52) is fixedly installed on the top of the inner wall of the feedback shell (51). A moving plate (53) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the slider inside the electric slide rail (52). A potentiometer (54) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the moving plate (53). A transmission gear (55) is fixedly connected to the center of the rotating end of the potentiometer (54). A transmission rack (56) meshing with the transmission gear (55) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the feedback shell (51). A miniature laser rangefinder (57) is also fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the feedback shell (51) opposite to the moving plate (53).

6. A dust removal device for a mining machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The triggering mechanism (6) includes a trigger shell (61) fixedly connected to the side wall of the support plate (31). The lower end of the trigger shell (61) is symmetrically fitted with multiple anti-disengagement rods (62). The upper ends of the multiple anti-disengagement rods (62) are fixedly connected to the same insulating plate (63). Multiple reset springs (64) sleeved outside the anti-disengagement rods (62) are fixedly connected between the insulating plate (63) and the trigger shell (61). A conductive plate (65) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the insulating plate (63). An electrical contact plate (66) is fixedly installed at the top of the inner wall of the trigger shell (61) opposite to the conductive plate (65). A thrust permanent magnet plate (67) is fixedly installed at the lower end of the insulating plate (63). A thrust electromagnetic plate (68) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the trigger shell (61) opposite to the thrust permanent magnet plate (67).

7. A dust removal device for a mining machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, A programmable electronic pressure switch (58) is fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the feedback shell (51). A pressure rod (59) is movably inserted into the side wall of the moving plate (53). A pressure plate (510) is fixedly connected to one end of the pressure rod (59) near the programmable electronic pressure switch (58). A compression spring (511) sleeved on the outside of the pressure rod (59) is fixedly connected between the pressure plate (510) and the moving plate (53).

8. A dust removal device for a mining machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, Multiple bearing seats (49) are fixedly installed on the top of the inner wall of the mounting housing (44), and the inner wall of the bearing seats (49) is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the transmission shaft (45) by ball bearings.

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