Energy-saving air duct design method, system and equipment for tunnel by using natural wind as ventilation power and medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel ventilation, and particularly discloses an energy-saving air duct design method, system, equipment and medium for a tunnel by using natural wind as ventilation power, and the method comprises the following steps: determining the direction and speed of the natural wind in the tunnel and the quantity of air passing through the energy-saving air duct according to natural wind data detected under the perennial meteorological conditions of the tunnel; determining the arrangement position of the energy-saving air duct according to the arrangement positions and geological characteristics of the electrical equipment, the control equipment and the fan; according to the section shape, the arrangement form and the wall surface material of the energy-saving air duct, the on-way resistance coefficient and the local resistance coefficient of the energy-saving air duct are determined; calculating the total resistance of the air duct, and determining the economic section of the energy-saving air duct according to the principle that the total resistance of the air duct is minimum. According to the method, natural wind is used as ventilation power for ventilation and energy conservation, the relation between the economic section and the total resistance loss is combined, the balance between civil engineering cost and the natural wind utilization rate is established, and a ventilation scheme which is more economical and higher in efficiency is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel ventilation technology, specifically to an energy-saving ventilation duct design method, system, equipment, and medium that utilizes natural wind as the ventilation power in tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] With the improvement of tunnel construction technology in my country, the length of tunnels is gradually increasing, ventilation equipment is large and ventilation energy consumption is high. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an energy-saving ventilation design method.

[0003] Currently, natural wind is used as a resistance factor in tunnel ventilation design for safety reasons. However, natural wind can actually be used as a ventilation power source under certain conditions. If the natural wind resources in the tunnel can be used reasonably, the ventilation energy consumption in the tunnel can be greatly reduced.

[0004] For ultra-long highway tunnels, longitudinal ventilation is often used. There are two limitations in the utilization of natural wind: (1) The tunnel is too long, and it is difficult to overcome the tunnel distance from the tunnel entrance to the middle of the tunnel. (2) The air duct of the underground fan room is directly connected to the axial flow fan. When the axial flow fan is turned off, the air duct is blocked by the axial flow fan, and natural wind cannot enter the main tunnel through the original air duct in the underground fan room.

[0005] The above problems necessitate the design of an energy-efficient ventilation duct that allows natural airflow. This duct area must be neither too large nor too small, thus requiring a new energy-saving ventilation design method. If the energy-efficient duct area is too large, it will significantly increase civil engineering costs and make construction difficult; if the energy-efficient duct area is too small, losses due to friction and other factors will result in low natural air utilization and insignificant effects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides an energy-saving ventilation duct design method, system, equipment, and medium that utilizes natural wind as the ventilation power in tunnels. From the perspective of reducing the total resistance loss of the ventilation duct, and combining the relationship between the total resistance loss of the ventilation duct and the economic cross-section of the energy-saving ventilation duct, it reduces equipment and energy consumption, thereby achieving a more economical and efficient ventilation solution and solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an energy-saving ventilation duct design method for tunnels utilizing natural wind as ventilation power, comprising the following steps: S1. Based on the natural wind data monitored under the year-round meteorological conditions of the tunnel, determine the natural wind direction, wind speed, and air volume passing through the energy-saving ventilation duct in the tunnel. S2. Determine the location of energy-saving air ducts based on the layout of electrical equipment, control equipment, and fans, as well as geological characteristics; S3. Determine the friction coefficient and local resistance coefficient of the energy-saving air duct based on its cross-sectional shape, layout, and wall material. S4. Calculate the total resistance of the air duct and determine the economical cross-section of the energy-saving air duct based on the principle of minimizing the total resistance of the air duct.

[0008] Preferably, in step S3, the local drag coefficient The formula is expressed as follows:

[0009] in, The pressure loss coefficient during bending of a circular air duct; This is the correction factor for pressure loss due to bending in a circular air duct.

[0010] Preferably, in step S3, the friction coefficient The formula is expressed as follows:

[0011] Where △ represents the average wall roughness. D The equivalent diameter of the air duct cross-section.

[0012] Preferably, in step S4, calculating the total resistance of the air duct specifically includes the following: S41. The frictional resistance, i.e., the frictional resistance of the air duct, is obtained from Darcy's formula for calculating frictional resistance under turbulent conditions in fluid mechanics, as shown in the following expression: ; in, The frictional resistance along the air duct, This is the friction coefficient of the air duct. The length of the air duct. The equivalent diameter of the air duct. For the density of air, The velocity of the fluid inside the air duct; S42. The pressure loss caused by local resistance, i.e., the local resistance of the air duct, is expressed as follows: ; in, This represents the local resistance of the air duct. This represents the local drag coefficient of the air duct. S43, Equivalent diameter of the air duct The flow rate of fluid within the air duct They are represented as follows:

[0013]

[0014] in, For the area of ​​the air duct, The circumference of the air duct. This refers to the fluid flow rate within the air duct. Assuming the cross-sectional shape is the same at all points in the air duct, then the perimeter C and the square root of the area... Proportional, let the proportionality constant be... n ,but ; S44. The total resistance of a duct is equal to the sum of the friction resistance along the duct and the local resistance of the duct. The total resistance of the duct can be expressed by the following formula:

[0015] in, h This represents the total resistance of the air duct. S45. Substitute the areas of the energy-saving ducts from smallest to largest, and draw the total resistance of the duct. h With area A The curve showing the change between these values ​​is used to determine the economic cross-sectional area of ​​the duct when the total resistance is less than 100 Pa. A 1. Because after this, with the increase in the area of ​​the air duct A The increase in total airflow resistance h The reduction is small, meaning that more civil engineering investment is needed to reduce the total resistance of the air duct by a small amount.

[0016] Preferred energy-saving duct economic cross-sectional area A 1. Based on the area of ​​the main air duct A 0 and main duct wind speed v 0. Based on comprehensive determination, it is then verified whether the wind speed in the ventilation duct meets the requirement in the standard "Detailed Rules for Ventilation Design of Highway Tunnels" that the design wind speed of the connecting ventilation duct should not exceed 13m / s. The economic section calculation formula is expressed as follows: ; in, The area of ​​the main air duct. Main airflow speed For the economical cross-sectional area of ​​energy-saving air ducts, The economical wind speed within the energy-saving air duct.

[0017] On the other hand, to achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides the following technical solution: an energy-saving ventilation duct design system for tunnels that utilizes natural wind as ventilation power, the system comprising the following modules: The natural wind data acquisition module determines the natural wind direction, wind speed, and air volume passing through the energy-saving ventilation duct in the tunnel based on the natural wind data detected by the tunnel's annual meteorological conditions. The module for determining the location of air ducts determines the location of energy-saving air ducts based on the location of electrical equipment, control equipment, fans, and geological characteristics. The drag coefficient acquisition module determines the friction coefficient and local drag coefficient of the energy-saving air duct based on its cross-sectional shape, layout, and wall material. The module for determining the economic cross-section calculates the total resistance of the air duct and determines the economic cross-section of the energy-saving air duct based on the principle of minimizing the total resistance of the air duct.

[0018] On the other hand, to achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides the following technical solution: an electronic device, the electronic device comprising: a processor; and a memory for storing one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the processor, the processor executes the energy-saving duct design method for tunnels that utilize natural wind as ventilation power.

[0019] On the other hand, to achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides the following technical solution: a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the energy-saving ventilation duct design method for tunnels that utilizes natural wind as ventilation power.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1) This invention analyzes the path of natural wind and proposes a design method for energy-saving wind ducts, which solves the problem that the effect of natural wind cannot penetrate the tunnel due to the high resistance along the tunnel. 2) This invention solves the problem of low natural wind utilization caused by excessively long highway tunnels by designing an economical cross-section for the tunnel's energy-saving ventilation duct, thereby minimizing civil engineering costs and increasing the utilization rate of natural wind. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steps in the design method of an energy-saving ventilation duct that utilizes natural wind as ventilation power in a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the energy-saving air duct in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the underground fan room structure layout corresponding to the energy-saving air duct layout in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a curve showing the relationship between the natural wind pressure loss of the energy-saving exhaust duct and the area of ​​the energy-saving duct in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an energy-saving ventilation duct design system module for tunnels that utilize natural wind as ventilation power in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device structure in an embodiment of the present invention; In the diagram, 110 is the natural wind data acquisition module; 120 is the duct layout location determination module; 130 is the drag coefficient acquisition module; 140 is the economic cross-section determination module; 210 is the processor; and 220 is the storage device. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Please see Figures 1-4 This invention provides a technical solution: an energy-saving ventilation duct design method for tunnels that utilizes natural wind as ventilation power, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1. Based on the natural wind data monitored under the year-round meteorological conditions of the tunnel, determine the natural wind direction, wind speed, and air volume passing through the energy-saving ventilation duct in the tunnel.

[0024] Based on the weather station set up at the tunnel entrance or the natural wind speed, direction and volume inside the tunnel obtained through open source data.

[0025] Furthermore, the natural wind inside the tunnel can be obtained from the data measured by the meteorological station at the tunnel entrance or from open-source data. When it is not possible to obtain the natural wind meteorological data of the tunnel, the natural wind speed can be taken as 2.0~3.0m / s according to the "Detailed Specifications for Ventilation Design of Highway Tunnels" (JTG / T D70 / 2-02-2014).

[0026] S2. Determine the location of energy-saving air ducts based on the layout of electrical equipment, control equipment, fans, and geological characteristics.

[0027] Specifically, based on the advantages and disadvantages of the channel layout and energy-saving duct layout scheme, as shown in Table 1, and combined with the fan room layout, as shown in Figure 2 and... Figure 3 As shown, the layout scheme of the energy-saving air duct is determined.

[0028] Table 1 Energy-saving air duct layout scheme ; S3. Determine the friction coefficient and local resistance coefficient of the energy-saving air duct based on its cross-sectional shape, layout, and wall material.

[0029] Due to their different locations, energy-saving air ducts have significant local resistance at corners and other areas. The local resistance coefficient is determined based on the characteristics of the locations where the local resistance occurs. The friction coefficient is determined by the roughness and cross-sectional shape of the tunnel wall and the length of the air duct, depending on the wall material.

[0030] Furthermore, the local resistance coefficient and friction resistance coefficient are determined according to the "Detailed Design Specifications for Ventilation of Highway Tunnels" (JTG / TD70 / 2-02-2014), as shown in Tables 2, 3 and 4.

[0031] Table 2 Pressure Loss Coefficient of 90° Circular Duct Bending

[0032] ; Table 3 Correction coefficient for pressure loss at bends in circular air ducts

[0033] ; Local drag coefficient The formula is expressed as follows:

[0034] in, The pressure loss coefficient during bending of a circular air duct; This is the correction factor for pressure loss due to bending in a circular air duct.

[0035] Friction coefficient The formula is expressed as follows:

[0036] Where △ represents the average wall roughness. D The equivalent diameter of the air duct cross-section.

[0037] Table 4 Average wall roughness Δ ; S4. Calculate the total resistance of the air duct and determine the economical cross-section of the energy-saving air duct based on the principle of minimizing the total resistance of the air duct.

[0038] The calculation of the total resistance of the air duct includes the following: S41. According to the "Detailed Design Code for Ventilation of Highway Tunnels" (JTG / T D70 / 2-02-2014), the frictional resistance, i.e., the frictional resistance of the air duct, is obtained from Darcy's formula for calculating frictional resistance under turbulent conditions in fluid mechanics, as shown in the following expression: ; in, The friction resistance along the air duct, in N / m 2 ;, This is the friction coefficient of the air duct. The length of the air duct is in meters. Let be the equivalent diameter of the air duct, in meters. The density of air, kg / m³ 3 , The velocity of the fluid inside the duct is expressed in m / s. S42. The pressure loss caused by local resistance, i.e., the local resistance of the air duct, is expressed as follows: ; in, The local resistance of the air duct, N / m 2 ;, This represents the local drag coefficient of the air duct. S43, Equivalent diameter of the air duct The flow rate of fluid within the air duct They are represented as follows:

[0039]

[0040] in, The area of ​​the air duct is m. 2 , Let m be the circumference of the air duct. The fluid flow rate within the duct is expressed in m. 3 / s; Assuming the cross-sectional shape is the same at all points in the air duct, then the perimeter C and the square root of the area... Proportional, let the proportionality constant be... n ,but ; S44. The total resistance of a duct is equal to the sum of the friction resistance along the duct and the local resistance of the duct. The total resistance of the duct can be expressed by the following formula:

[0041] in, h The total resistance of the air duct is N / m. 2 .

[0042] S45. Substitute the areas of the energy-saving ducts from smallest to largest, and draw the total resistance of the duct. h With area A The curve showing the change between these values ​​is used to determine the economic cross-sectional area of ​​the duct when the total resistance is less than 100 Pa. A 1. Because after this, with the increase in the area of ​​the air duct A The increase in total airflow resistance hThe reduction is relatively small, meaning that more civil engineering investment is needed to reduce the total duct resistance by a small amount. Based on the principle of minimizing total duct resistance, the economical cross-section of the energy-saving duct is determined, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the duct cross-section corresponding to the point where wind pressure loss (local resistance wind pressure loss and frictional resistance wind pressure loss) tends to stabilize is determined as the economical cross-section, specifically including the following: The frictional resistance and local resistance of an air duct can be expressed as the air duct area. A and traffic The function of flow rate within the duct. It can be obtained based on the calculation method for natural wind inside the tunnel, let its magnitude be... Then the air duct resistance is only the air duct area. A The function is given. Therefore, the area of ​​the energy-saving duct should not be too large or too small. If the area is too large, it will increase civil engineering costs significantly and make construction more difficult; if the area is too small, the utilization rate of natural wind will be low due to losses such as frictional resistance and frictional resistance, resulting in insignificant effects.

[0043] Economic cross-sectional area of ​​energy-saving air duct A 1. Based on the area of ​​the main air duct A 0 and main duct wind speed v 0. Based on comprehensive determination, it is then verified whether the wind speed in the ventilation duct meets the requirement in the standard "Detailed Rules for Ventilation Design of Highway Tunnels" that the design wind speed of the connecting ventilation duct should not exceed 13m / s. The economic section calculation formula is expressed as follows: ; in, The main air duct cross-sectional dimensions Main airflow speed For the economical cross-sectional area of ​​energy-saving air ducts, The economical wind speed within the energy-saving air duct.

[0044] Based on the same inventive concept as the above-described method embodiments, this application also provides an energy-saving ventilation duct design system for tunnels that utilizes natural wind as ventilation power. This system can achieve the functions provided by the above-described method embodiments, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the system includes the following modules: Natural wind data acquisition module 110: Based on the natural wind data monitored under the year-round meteorological conditions of the tunnel, determine the natural wind direction, wind speed and air volume passing through the energy-saving ventilation duct in the tunnel. Module 120 for determining the location of air duct layout: Based on the layout locations of electrical equipment, control equipment, fans, and geological characteristics, determine the layout location of energy-saving air ducts; The drag coefficient acquisition module 130 determines the friction coefficient and local drag coefficient of the energy-saving air duct based on the cross-sectional shape, layout, and wall material of the energy-saving air duct. Module 140, Economic Section Determination, calculates the total resistance of the air duct and determines the economic section of the energy-saving air duct based on the principle of minimizing the total resistance of the air duct.

[0045] Based on the same inventive concept as the above-described method embodiments, this application also provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the device includes: a processor 210; and a memory 220 for storing one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the processor 210, the processor executes the energy-saving duct design method for tunnels that utilize natural wind as ventilation power.

[0046] The energy-saving ventilation duct design method for tunnels that utilize natural wind as ventilation power includes the following steps: Based on the natural wind data detected by the tunnel's annual meteorological conditions, the direction and speed of the natural wind in the tunnel, as well as the air volume passing through the energy-saving ventilation duct, are determined. The location of energy-saving air ducts is determined based on the layout of electrical equipment, control equipment, and fans, as well as geological characteristics. Based on the cross-sectional shape, layout, and wall material of the energy-saving air duct, determine the friction coefficient and local resistance coefficient of the energy-saving air duct. Calculate the total resistance of the air duct, and determine the economical cross-section of the energy-saving air duct based on the principle of minimizing the total resistance of the air duct.

[0047] Based on the same inventive concept as the above-described method embodiments, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by processor 210, implements the energy-saving duct design method for tunnels that utilize natural wind as ventilation power.

[0048] The energy-saving ventilation duct design method for tunnels that utilize natural wind as ventilation power includes the following steps: Based on the natural wind data detected by the tunnel's annual meteorological conditions, the direction and speed of the natural wind in the tunnel, as well as the air volume passing through the energy-saving ventilation duct, are determined. The location of energy-saving air ducts is determined based on the layout of electrical equipment, control equipment, and fans, as well as geological characteristics. Based on the cross-sectional shape, layout, and wall material of the energy-saving air duct, determine the friction coefficient and local resistance coefficient of the energy-saving air duct. Calculate the total resistance of the air duct, and determine the economical cross-section of the energy-saving air duct based on the principle of minimizing the total resistance of the air duct.

[0049] This invention starts with using natural wind as the ventilation power source for energy conservation. It combines the relationship between economic cross-section and total resistance loss to establish a balance between civil engineering costs and natural wind utilization rate, resulting in a more economical and efficient ventilation solution.

[0050] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for designing an energy-saving ventilation duct in a tunnel that utilizes natural wind as the power source for ventilation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Based on the natural wind data monitored under the year-round meteorological conditions of the tunnel, determine the natural wind direction, wind speed, and air volume passing through the energy-saving ventilation duct in the tunnel. S2. Determine the location of energy-saving air ducts based on the layout of electrical equipment, control equipment, and fans, as well as geological characteristics; S3. Determine the friction coefficient and local resistance coefficient of the energy-saving air duct based on its cross-sectional shape, layout, and wall material. S4. Calculate the total resistance of the air duct and determine the economical cross-section of the energy-saving air duct based on the principle of minimizing the total resistance of the air duct.

2. The energy-saving ventilation duct design method for tunnels utilizing natural wind as ventilation power according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the local drag coefficient The formula is expressed as follows: ； in, The pressure loss coefficient during bending of a circular air duct; This is the correction factor for pressure loss due to bending in a circular air duct.

3. The energy-saving ventilation duct design method for tunnels utilizing natural wind as ventilation power according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the friction coefficient The formula is expressed as follows: ； Where △ represents the average wall roughness. D The equivalent diameter of the air duct cross-section.

4. The energy-saving ventilation duct design method for tunnels utilizing natural wind as ventilation power according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the calculation of the total resistance of the air duct specifically includes the following: S41. The frictional resistance, i.e., the frictional resistance of the air duct, is obtained from Darcy's formula for calculating frictional resistance under turbulent conditions in fluid mechanics, as shown in the following expression: ； in, For the friction resistance along the air duct, This is the friction coefficient of the air duct. The length of the air duct. The equivalent diameter of the air duct. For the density of air, The velocity of the fluid inside the air duct; S42. The pressure loss caused by local resistance, i.e., the local resistance of the air duct, is expressed as follows: ； in, This represents the local resistance of the air duct. This represents the local drag coefficient of the air duct. S43, Equivalent diameter of the air duct The flow rate of fluid within the air duct They are represented as follows: ； ； in, For the area of ​​the air duct, The circumference of the air duct. This refers to the fluid flow rate within the air duct. Assuming the cross-sectional shape is the same at all points in the air duct, then the perimeter C and the square root of the area... Proportional, let the proportionality constant be... n ,but ; S44. The total resistance of a duct is equal to the sum of the friction resistance along the duct and the local resistance of the duct. The total resistance of the duct can be expressed by the following formula: ； in, h This represents the total resistance of the air duct. S45. Substitute the areas of the energy-saving ducts from smallest to largest, and draw the total resistance of the duct. h With area A The curve showing the change between these values ​​is used to determine the economic cross-sectional area of ​​the duct when the total resistance is less than 100 Pa. A 1.

5. The energy-saving ventilation duct design method for tunnels utilizing natural wind as ventilation power according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, based on the principle of minimizing the total resistance of the air duct, the economical cross-section of the energy-saving air duct is determined, specifically including the following: Economic cross-sectional area of ​​energy-saving air duct A 1. Based on the area of ​​the main air duct A 0 and main duct wind speed v Based on comprehensive determination, the formula for calculating the economic cross-section is expressed as follows: ； in, The area of ​​the main air duct. Main airflow speed For the economical cross-sectional area of ​​energy-saving air ducts, The economical wind speed within the energy-saving air duct.

6. A system for designing an energy-saving ventilation duct in a tunnel using natural wind as the ventilation power source, as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The system includes the following modules: The natural wind data acquisition module (110) determines the natural wind direction, wind speed and air volume passing through the energy-saving ventilation duct in the tunnel based on the natural wind data detected by the tunnel's annual meteorological conditions. The air duct layout location determination module (120) determines the layout location of energy-saving air ducts based on the layout locations of electrical equipment, control equipment, fans, and geological characteristics; The drag coefficient acquisition module (130) determines the friction coefficient and local drag coefficient of the energy-saving air duct based on the cross-sectional shape, layout and wall material of the energy-saving air duct. The economic section determination module (140) calculates the total resistance of the air duct and determines the economic section of the energy-saving air duct based on the principle of minimizing the total resistance of the air duct.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device includes: a processor (210); and a memory (220) for storing one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the processor (210), the processor performs the energy-saving duct design method for tunnels using natural wind as ventilation power as described in any one of claims 1-5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: It stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor (210), implements an energy-saving ventilation duct design method for tunnels using natural wind as ventilation power as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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