Waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system, and relates to the technical field of waste lithium battery recycling, the waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system comprises a feeding module, a crushing module, a pyrolysis module and a crushing module, the crushing module, the pyrolysis module, the crushing module and the recycling module are all connected with a tail gas treatment module, and the feeding module comprises a feeding belt conveyor; the feeding belt conveyor is connected with a feeding device, a discharging port of the feeding device is connected with a feeding port of the material crushing module in a sealed mode, the material crushing module comprises a first shredding machine and a second shredding machine which are vertically connected, the first shredding machine is connected with the discharging port of the feeding device, the second shredding machine is connected with the pyrolysis module, and the pyrolysis module is connected with the second shredding machine. The first shredding machine and the second shredding machine are both connected with inflation units. Before the waste lithium battery enters the crushing operation, the waste lithium battery is placed in the inert gas atmosphere, so that electrified crushing of the waste lithium battery is avoided, the crushing safety performance is improved, electrolyte does not need to be extracted before crushing, and the crushing efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste lithium battery recycling technology, specifically a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of industries such as new energy vehicles and electronic products, the number of waste lithium batteries has increased dramatically. Waste lithium batteries contain a large amount of valuable metals such as cobalt, nickel, lithium, copper, and aluminum, as well as harmful substances such as electrolytes and organic solvents. If not handled properly, they will not only waste resources but also cause serious environmental pollution.

[0003] Currently, because waste lithium batteries contain electrolyte, to ensure safety during the crushing process, the electrolyte is usually extracted before crushing. This method is cumbersome and inefficient. Furthermore, electrolyte residue remains in the waste lithium batteries after extraction, which can easily lead to combustion or explosion during crushing due to contact with air, posing a safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system. Before the waste lithium batteries enter the crushing operation, the waste lithium batteries are placed in an inert gas atmosphere, thereby avoiding the crushing of the waste lithium batteries while they are charged, improving the crushing safety performance, and eliminating the need to extract the electrolyte before crushing, thereby improving the crushing efficiency.

[0005] The above-mentioned optimized structure of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system, including a feeding module, a crushing module connected to the feeding module, a pyrolysis module connected to the crushing module, a recycling module connected to the pyrolysis module, and exhaust gas treatment modules connected to the crushing module, the pyrolysis module, the crushing module, and the recycling module. The feeding module includes a feeding belt conveyor, and the feeding belt conveyor is connected to a feeding device. The discharge port of the feeding device is sealed to the inlet of the crushing module. The shredding module includes a first shredder and a second shredder connected vertically. The first shredder is connected to the discharge port of the feeding device, and the second shredder is connected to the pyrolysis module. Both the first shredder and the second shredder are connected to an air inflation unit, which can isolate the material entering the feeding device from the air.

[0006] In some embodiments, the feeding device includes a fixed shell with a feeding chamber inside. A feeding hopper is provided at the top of the fixed shell and connected to the feeding chamber. A discharge pipe is provided at the bottom of the fixed shell and sealed to the feed inlet of the first shredder. A rotating motor is provided at the top of the fixed shell. Rotary suction blades are provided inside the feeding chamber. A blowing blade is provided at one end of the suction blades near the feeding hopper. The suction blades are fixedly connected to the output shaft of the rotating motor. The feeding hopper and the discharge pipe are staggered.

[0007] In some embodiments, the pyrolysis module includes a feeding screw conveyor connected to the discharge port of the second shredder, the discharge port of the feeding screw conveyor being connected to a high-temperature pyrolysis furnace, and the discharge port of the high-temperature pyrolysis furnace being connected to a cooler.

[0008] In some embodiments, the crushing module includes a coarse crushing unit, an air classifier unit, a fine crushing unit, and a grinding unit connected in sequence. The coarse crushing unit is connected to the discharge port of the pyrolysis module, and the coarse crushing unit, the air classifier unit, the fine crushing unit, and the grinding unit are all connected to the recycling module.

[0009] In some embodiments, the coarse crushing unit includes a first scraper conveyor, a first crusher, and a first screening machine connected in sequence. The first scraper conveyor is connected to the discharge port of the pyrolysis module, the first scraper conveyor is connected to the feed port of the first crusher, the first screening machine is connected to the discharge port of the first crusher, and the first screening machine is connected to the recycling module.

[0010] In some embodiments, the air separation unit includes a second scraper conveyor, an air separator, a cyclone separator, and a second screening machine. The second scraper conveyor is connected to the discharge port of the coarse crushing unit, the discharge port of the second scraper conveyor is connected to the feed port of the air separator, the air separator is connected to the cyclone separator to separate heavy materials from light materials, the discharge port of the air separator is connected to the feed port of the second screening machine, the discharge port of the cyclone separator is connected to the fine crushing unit, and the second screening machine is connected to the recycling module.

[0011] In some embodiments, the fine crushing unit includes a second crusher, a third screening machine, and a third scraper conveyor. The second crusher is connected to the discharge port of the air separation unit, and the second crusher is connected to the feed port of the third screening machine via the third scraper conveyor. The discharge port of the third screening machine is connected to the grinding unit, and the feed ports of the third screening machine and the third scraper conveyor are connected to the recycling module.

[0012] In some embodiments, the grinding unit includes a grinding mill and a fourth screening machine. The feed inlet of the grinding mill is connected to the discharge outlet of the fine crushing unit, the discharge outlet of the grinding mill is connected to the feed inlet of the fourth screening machine, and the fourth screening machine is connected to the recycling module.

[0013] In some embodiments, the recycling module includes a copper-aluminum separator, which is connected to the discharge port of the crushing module. The two discharge ports of the copper-aluminum separator are respectively connected to a copper particle pressing machine and an aluminum particle pressing machine. It also includes a first bag filter, a cyclone dust collector, a cyclone collection chamber, and a black powder collector; The outlet of the first bag filter is connected to the exhaust gas treatment module, the inlet of the cyclone dust collector is connected to the feed inlet of the feeding device, the outlet of the cyclone dust collector is connected to the inlet of the first bag filter, and the outlets of both the first bag filter and the cyclone dust collector are connected to the feed inlet of the pyrolysis module. The air inlet of the first bag filter is connected to the air outlet of the cyclone collection chamber, the air outlet of the first bag filter is connected to the exhaust gas treatment module, the air inlet of the cyclone collection chamber is connected to both the coarse crushing unit and the fine crushing unit, and the discharge outlets of the first bag filter and the cyclone collection chamber are both connected to the feed inlet of the black powder collector.

[0014] In some embodiments, a supplementary module is also included, the supplementary module including a high-pressure blower. The air inlet of the high-pressure blower is connected to the coarse crushing unit, the air separation unit, and the fine crushing unit. The air outlet of the high-pressure blower is connected to a cyclone mill. The discharge port of the cyclone mill is connected to a disc screen and a second bag filter. The discharge ports of the disc screen and the second bag filter are both connected to the black powder collector. The disc screen is also connected to the fine crushing unit.

[0015] The above-described technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages: (1) The present invention ensures that the shredding, pyrolysis and other processes are carried out in an oxygen-free environment by filling with inert gas (nitrogen), oxygen content sensor and automatic interlock protection, thus eliminating the risk of combustion or explosion.

[0016] (2) The feeding device of the present invention adopts intermittent feeding with suction blades to further isolate waste lithium batteries from air and eliminate safety hazards during the feeding process.

[0017] (3) The present invention achieves fine separation of black powder, copper-aluminum electrode sheet and shell through the process of "shredding-pyrolysis-multi-stage crushing-air separation-grinding". The black powder recovery rate is ≥98% and the copper-aluminum separation purity is ≥99%. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the feeding module, the crushing module, and the pyrolysis module of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the crushing module and the recycling module of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the supplementary module and the recycling module of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the exhaust gas treatment module of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding device of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Feeding module; 11. Feeding belt conveyor; 12. Feeding device; 121. Fixed shell; 122. Feeding chamber; 123. Feeding hopper; 124. Discharge pipe; 125. Rotary motor; 126. Suction blade; 127. Blowing blade; 2. Crushing module; 21. First shredder; 22. Second shredder; 3. Pyrolysis module; 31. Feeding screw conveyor; 32. High-temperature pyrolysis furnace; 33. Cooler; 4. Crushing module; 41. Coarse crushing unit; 411. First scraper conveyor; 412. First crusher; 413. First screening machine; 42. Air classifier; 421. Second scraper conveyor; 422. Air classifier; 423. Cyclone separator; 424. Second screening machine; 43. Fine crushing unit; 43 1. Second crusher; 432. Third screening machine; 433. Third scraper conveyor; 44. Grinding unit; 441. Grinding mill; 442. Fourth screening machine; 5. Recycling module; 51. Copper-aluminum separator; 52. Copper pellet pressing machine; 53. Aluminum pellet pressing machine; 54. First bag filter dust collector; 55. Cyclone dust collector; 56. First bag filter dust collector; 57. Cyclone collection bin; 58. Black powder collector; 6. Exhaust gas treatment module; 61. Incinerator; 62. Quenching tower; 63. First spray tower; 64. Second spray tower; 65. Demister; 66. Activated carbon adsorption tower; 67. Exhaust gas fan; 68. Chimney; 7. Supplement module; 71. High-pressure fan; 72. Cyclone mill; 73. Disc screen; 74. Second bag filter dust collector. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0023] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] refer to Figure 1-6 A waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system includes a feeding module 1, a crushing module 2, a pyrolysis module 3, a crushing module 4, a recycling module 5, and a tail gas treatment module 6. The feeding module 1 is connected to the crushing module 2, the crushing module 2 is connected to the pyrolysis module 3, the pyrolysis module 3 is connected to the crushing module 4, the crushing module 4 is connected to the recycling module 5, and the crushing module 2, pyrolysis module 3, crushing module 4, and recycling module 5 are all connected to the tail gas treatment module 6. The modules are connected and cooperated to form a complete waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system.

[0025] The feeding module 1 includes a feeding belt conveyor 11 and a feeding device 12. The feeding belt conveyor 11 is connected to the feeding device 12. The feeding belt conveyor 11 can be connected to the feeding platform and can transport the waste lithium batteries put on the feeding platform to the feeding device 12. The discharge port of the feeding device 12 is sealed to the inlet of the crushing module 2 to prevent the waste lithium batteries from coming into contact with the outside air when they enter the feeding device 12.

[0026] The shredding module 2 includes a first shredder 21 and a second shredder 22 connected vertically. The first shredder 21 is connected to the discharge port of the feeding device 12, and the second shredder 22 is connected to the pyrolysis module 3. Both the first shredder 21 and the second shredder 22 are connected to an inert gas filling unit, which can fill the shredder with inert gas, such as nitrogen, thereby isolating the waste lithium batteries entering the feeding device 12 from the air. This ensures that the waste lithium batteries are always protected by inert gas during the shredding process, reducing the oxygen content in the surrounding air and preventing combustion or explosion during shredding. After being initially shredded by the first shredder 21, the waste lithium batteries enter the second shredder 22 for further shredding, improving subsequent processing efficiency.

[0027] The first shredder 21 and the second shredder 22 are fully sealed. Oxygen content sensors, ultraviolet flame sensors, nitrogen flow sensors, temperature sensors, and pressure sensors can be installed inside each shredder 21 and 22. Safety interlock protection can be set through an automatic control system. After two stages of shredding by the first shredder 21 and the second shredder 22, the material is sheared, resulting in a particle size of less than 30mm. Simultaneously, the first shredder 21 and the second shredder 22 can be connected to the exhaust gas treatment module 6, which allows the electrolyte gas volatilized during the shredding process to be purified, preventing electrolyte leakage and its impact on the air. An electrolyte collection device can also be installed to achieve electrolyte recovery and conserve resources.

[0028] In some embodiments, the inflation unit may include a gas delivery pump, an air jet pipe, and other structures. The flow rate of nitrogen can be automatically adjusted by PID control of oxygen concentration sensors and automatic valves in different chamber areas. The first shredder 21 and the second shredder 22 may also be equipped with multiple micro-differential pressure transmitters, safety valves, explosion-proof devices, oxygen concentration sensors, flame detectors, and a high-definition video monitoring system. The micro-differential pressure transmitters can detect the pressure difference within the shredding system chambers. The pressure difference within the chambers is controlled by an exhaust fan within ±100Pa to ensure a stable operating environment. The safety valves can release pressure, forming a double layer of protection with the micro-differential pressure transmitters. The oxygen concentration sensors can detect the oxygen concentration, ensuring that the oxygen content is below the design value to prevent explosions (the three elements of combustion: ignition source, oxygen, and flammable material). Cameras can be installed at key locations within the first shredder 21 and the second shredder 22 to monitor the entire system operation process in real time and promptly detect any potential hazards.

[0029] In some embodiments, the feeding device 12 includes a fixed housing 121, inside which a feeding chamber 122 is provided, serving as a material conveying channel. A feeding hopper 123 is installed at the top of the fixed housing 121, communicating with the feeding chamber 122 to introduce waste lithium batteries to be processed into the feeding chamber 122. At the bottom of the fixed housing 121, a discharge pipe 124 is provided, which is sealed to the feed inlet of the first shredder 21 to ensure that the material can accurately and leak-free enter the subsequent shredding process.

[0030] To drive the feeding device 12, a rotary motor 125 is mounted on the top of the fixed housing 121. Inside the feeding chamber 122, a rotatable suction blade 126 is provided. Near the feeding hopper 123, the end of the suction blade 126 also has a blowing blade 127, which guides the material smoothly into the space defined by the suction blade 126. The suction blade 126 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the rotary motor 125. When the rotary motor 125 starts, it drives the suction blade 126 to rotate stably within the feeding chamber 122.

[0031] Specifically, the feed hopper 123 and the discharge pipe 124 are staggered on the fixed housing 121. This prevents material entering from the feed hopper 123 from falling directly into the discharge pipe 124, thereby extending the flow path of the material between the feed hopper 123 and the discharge pipe 124, increasing the residence time of the material in the feed chamber 122, and further improving the isolation effect between the material and the air.

[0032] During the operation of the feeding device 12, the first shredder 21 and the second shredder 22 are pre-filled with nitrogen and are continuously supplied with nitrogen. Under pressure, the nitrogen quickly fills the feeding chamber 122. At the same time, the rotating motor 125 drives the suction blades 126 to rotate continuously. Due to the rotation of the suction blades 126, an outward vortex field is formed at the bottom of the suction blades 126, which drives the nitrogen to flow around the suction blades 126 and enter the upper space of the suction blades 126. Since the suction blades 126 are equipped with blowing blades 127 at the top, the blowing blades 127 will rotate with the suction blades 126, so that the blowing blades 127 form a tornado-shaped vortex field, causing the nitrogen in the upper space of the suction blades 126 to flow towards the blowing blades 127, and finally be discharged from the feeding hopper 123, forming an air curtain at the feeding hopper 123.

[0033] When used lithium batteries enter the feeding chamber 122 from the feeding hopper 123, the air curtain at the feeding hopper 123 blows any air trapped on the surface of the batteries towards the external environment, effectively reducing the amount of air entering the isolation chamber. Under their own gravity, the batteries fall precisely onto the blowing blades 127, colliding with the rotating blades. The rotation of the blowing blades throws the batteries towards their edge, where they come into contact with nitrogen flowing from the edge of the suction blades 126, further isolating the batteries from the air and improving the isolation effect. This avoids the risk of safety accidents caused by contact between the batteries and air. Simultaneously, the collision process further enhances the separation between the batteries, thus improving the isolation effect.

[0034] The rotation of the suction blades 126 and the blowing blades 127 can accelerate the flow of gas in the feeding chamber 122, thereby increasing the air pressure in the feeding chamber 122 with a small amount of gas, so as to achieve the isolation effect of waste lithium batteries. The suction blades 126 and the blowing blades 127 can be covered with protective nets, which can prevent the waste lithium batteries from damaging the suction blades 126 and the blowing blades 127 while accelerating the flow of gas.

[0035] In some embodiments, the pyrolysis module 3 includes a feeding screw conveyor 31, a high-temperature pyrolysis furnace 32, and a cooler 33. The feeding screw conveyor 31 is connected to the discharge port of the second shredder 22, and the discharge port of the feeding screw conveyor 31 is connected to the high-temperature pyrolysis furnace 32, which can transport the shredded material to the high-temperature pyrolysis furnace 32. The high-temperature pyrolysis furnace 32 can be filled with nitrogen, and the material can be subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis treatment under nitrogen protection. The separator, electrolyte, and binder in the lithium battery are pyrolyzed at a high temperature of 500-750°C, so that the positive and negative electrode powders are detached from the copper and aluminum foil, which facilitates the subsequent separation of metal and electrode powder. The discharge port of the high-temperature pyrolysis furnace 32 is connected to the cooler 33, which can cool the pyrolyzed material to a temperature below 80°C, which can reduce the high temperature resistance requirements of the equipment in subsequent processing, facilitate subsequent crushing processing, and improve the service life of the equipment.

[0036] In some embodiments, the crushing module 4 includes a coarse crushing unit 41, an air classification unit 42, a fine crushing unit 43, and a grinding unit 44 connected in sequence. The coarse crushing unit 41 is connected to the discharge port of the cooler 33 of the pyrolysis module 3 and can receive the material after pyrolysis and cooling to initiate the subsequent multi-stage crushing process. The coarse crushing unit 41 can perform preliminary crushing of the material, reduce the particle size of the material, and provide material of suitable particle size for subsequent processing. The air classification unit 42 can use wind power to separate the coarsely crushed material according to the density differences of different components in the material, and initially separate the heavy objects. The material consists of a coarse crushing unit 41, an air classifier 42, a fine crushing unit 43, and a grinding unit 44. The coarse crushing unit 41, the air classifier 42, the fine crushing unit 43, and the grinding unit 44 are all connected to the recycling module 5 so that materials that meet the recycling requirements after each stage of processing can be transported to the recycling module 5 to achieve the classified recycling of materials with different components.

[0037] In some embodiments, the coarse crushing unit 41 includes a first scraper conveyor 411, a first crusher 412, and a first screening machine 413 connected in sequence. The first scraper conveyor 411 is connected to the discharge port of the cooler 33 and can receive materials after pyrolysis and cooling treatment. The reciprocating motion of the scraper conveyor stably transports the materials to subsequent equipment. The first scraper conveyor 411 is connected to the feed port of the first crusher 412 to ensure that the materials can smoothly enter the first crusher 412 for crushing. The materials are initially crushed by the action of the moving and fixed blades inside the first crusher 412, allowing the materials to be quickly crushed. The material is crushed until the particle size is smaller than the screen mesh diameter and then leaks out. After coarse crushing, the material size is about 15mm, which facilitates subsequent processing. The feed inlet of the first screening machine 413 is connected to the discharge outlet of the first crusher 412. The first screening machine 413 screens the crushed material according to the preset screening specifications. The material that does not meet the standards (a mixture of copper and aluminum electrode sheets and shells) is left in the screening machine for further processing. The first screening machine 413 is connected to the recycling module 5. The black powder screened by the first screening machine 413 is transported to the recycling module 5 for classification and recycling under the action of the negative pressure conveying device.

[0038] In some embodiments, the air separation unit 42 includes a second scraper conveyor 421, an air separator 422, a cyclone separator 423, and a second screening machine 424. The second scraper conveyor 421 is connected to the discharge port of the first screening machine 413 and can transport the coarsely crushed material to the air separation unit 42. The discharge port of the second scraper conveyor 421 is connected to the feed port of the air separator 422. The air separator 422 is connected to the cyclone separator 423, through which the material enters the air separator 422. In the air separator 422, with the help of wind, the heavy material is separated from the light material according to the density difference of different components in the material. The air classifier 422 can be a Z-type air classifier. The mixture of copper-aluminum electrode sheets and outer shell is fully dispersed in the air classification channel. Under the combined action of gravity and wind force, the light material enters the cyclone separator 423 for collection with the airflow. The cyclone separator 423 separates the light material from the airflow through centrifugal force. The collected light material is transported to the fine crushing unit 43 through the discharge port for further processing. The heavy material falls directly under the action of gravity, thereby realizing the separation of the outer shell and copper-aluminum electrode sheets. The discharge port of the air separator 422 is connected to the inlet of the second screening machine 424. The heavy material discharged from the discharge port of the air separator 422 enters the second screening machine 424, which further screens the heavy material. The discharge port of the cyclone separator 423 is connected to the fine crushing unit 43. The second screening machine 424 is connected to the recovery module 5. The black powder screened by the second screening machine 424 is transported to the recovery module 5 for classification and recovery under the action of the negative pressure conveying device. The copper and aluminum electrode sheets enter the fine crushing unit 43 for further processing.

[0039] In some embodiments, the fine crushing unit 43 includes a second crusher 431, a third screening machine 432, and a third scraper conveyor 433. The second crusher 431 is connected to the discharge port of the cyclone separator 423 and can receive the copper and aluminum electrode sheets separated by air classification. Through the action of internal moving and fixed blades, the copper and aluminum electrode sheets are quickly crushed until the particle size of the crushed material is smaller than the diameter of the screen mesh and then leaks out. The size of the material after fine crushing is about 5mm. The feed ports of the second crusher 431 and the third screening machine 432 are connected through the third scraper conveyor 433, which can transport the material crushed by the second crusher 431 to the third screening machine 432. The discharge port of the third screening machine 432 is connected to the grinding unit 44. The feed ports of the third screening machine 432 and the third scraper conveyor 433 are connected to the recycling module 5. The black powder screened by the third screening machine 432 is transported to the recycling module 5 for classification and recycling under the action of the negative pressure conveying device. The refined copper and aluminum electrode sheets enter the grinding unit 44 for further processing.

[0040] In some embodiments, the grinding unit 44 includes a grinding mill 441 and a fourth screening machine 442. The feed inlet of the grinding mill 441 is connected to the discharge outlet of the third screening machine 432, and can receive copper and aluminum electrode sheets after fine crushing. The grinding mill 441 can finely grind the material through its internal grinding mechanism to achieve a finer particle size standard and improve the efficiency of subsequent resource utilization. The gap of the grinding mill can be adjusted according to the fineness and the separation of the material to ensure complete separation. The discharge outlet of the grinding mill 441 is connected to the feed inlet of the fourth screening machine 442. The fourth screening machine 442 performs final screening of the ground material. The fourth screening machine 442 is connected to the recycling module 5. The black powder screened out by the fourth screening machine 442 is transported to the recycling module 5 for classification and recycling under the action of a negative pressure conveying device. The ground copper and aluminum electrode sheets enter the recycling module 5 for copper and aluminum recycling.

[0041] In some embodiments, the recycling module 5 includes a copper-aluminum separator 51, a copper pellet pressing machine 52, an aluminum pellet pressing machine 53, a first bag filter dust collector 54, a cyclone dust collector 55, a first bag filter dust collector 56, a cyclone collection bin 57, and a black powder collector 58. The feed end of the copper-aluminum separator 51 is connected to the discharge port of the fourth screening machine 442, and can accept the mixture of metal and powder after multi-stage crushing and grinding. The copper-aluminum separator 51 can be an air shaking table to separate copper and aluminum. The two discharge ports of the copper-aluminum separator 51 are respectively connected to the copper pellet pressing machine 52 and the aluminum pellet pressing machine 53. The copper and aluminum pellets obtained after sorting enter the corresponding pressing machines through their respective conveying pipes. After compression molding, the metal resources are classified and recycled, which is convenient for subsequent storage and reuse.

[0042] The outlet of the first bag filter 54 is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas treatment module 6, and the inlet of the cyclone dust collector 55 is connected to the feed hopper 123. The top of the feed hopper 123 may be equipped with a cover, and one side of the cover has an inlet connected to the feeding device 12. The cover is equipped with a conveying pipe to collect dust generated during the feeding process and gas generated during the shredding process of the shredding module 2. Simultaneously, while the waste lithium batteries are fed in an air-isolated environment, the mixture of gaseous substances and nitrogen generated during the shredding process in the first shredder 21 and the second shredder 22 enters the cyclone dust collector 55 together, preventing the mixture from leaking out and affecting the external environment. The outlet of the cyclone dust collector 55 is connected to the inlet of the first bag filter 54. The first bag filter 54 and the cyclone dust collector 55 work together to filter the dust-laden gas and remove particulate impurities. The discharge ports of the first bag filter 54 and the cyclone dust collector 55 are both connected to the inlet of the pyrolysis module 3, which can transport the collected dust material back to the pyrolysis stage to realize the recycling of resources and avoid material waste.

[0043] The air inlet of the first bag filter 56 is connected to the air outlet of the cyclone collection chamber 57. The air outlet of the first bag filter 56 is connected to the exhaust gas treatment module 6. The exhaust gas treatment module 6 can discharge the gas after double filtration by the first bag filter 56 and the cyclone collection chamber 57. The air inlet of the cyclone collection chamber 57 is connected to the discharge outlet of the coarse crushing unit 41 and the fine crushing unit 43, which can collect the dust generated in the crushing process. The first bag filter 56 and the cyclone collection chamber 57 efficiently separate and collect dust-laden gas. The discharge outlets of both are connected to the inlet of the black powder collector 58, which transports the collected black powder to the black powder collector 58 for centralized storage, so as to carry out professional resource extraction and processing later. The black powder collector 58 can be a cone-shaped mixer.

[0044] In some embodiments, to optimize system operating efficiency and resource recovery effect, the recovery module 5 is equipped with a supplementary module 7. The supplementary module 7 includes a high-pressure blower 71, a cyclone mill 72, a disc screen 73, and a second bag filter 74. The air inlet of the high-pressure blower 71 is connected to the air outlets of the coarse crushing unit 41, the air separation unit 42, and the fine crushing unit 43, and is used to collect the dust-laden airflow generated in each crushing and air separation stage. The high-pressure blower 71 pressurizes and delivers the dust-laden airflow to the cyclone mill 72. The cyclone mill 72 uses a high-speed rotating grinding disc and grinding roller to grind and refine the particulate material in the airflow, further improving the degree of material dissociation, which facilitates subsequent sorting and recovery. The cyclone mill 72 has two discharge outlets: one connects to a disc screen 73, which screens the ground material, and fine particles that meet the particle size requirements are conveyed to the black powder collector 58 for recycling; the other connects to a second bag filter 74, which filters and collects the fine dust generated during the grinding process, and its discharge outlet is also connected to the black powder collector 58, ensuring that all valuable materials are effectively recycled. The disc screen 73 is also connected to the inlet of the third screening machine 432, allowing the material oversize by the disc screen 73 to be transported back to the third screening machine 432 through a return pipe for further screening, forming a complete material recycling loop.

[0045] In some embodiments, the exhaust gas treatment module 6 includes an incinerator 61, a quench tower 62, a first spray tower 63, a second spray tower 64, a demister 65, an activated carbon adsorption tower 66, an exhaust gas fan 67, and a chimney 68 connected in sequence. The devices are tightly connected via pipelines to ensure the continuity and efficiency of the exhaust gas treatment process. The inlet of the incinerator 61 is connected to the outlet of the first bag filter 54. After completing the preliminary filtration of the exhaust gas from the pyrolysis stage, the first bag filter 54 transports the remaining exhaust gas containing combustible organic matter and harmful gas components to the incinerator 61. The incinerator 61, through high-temperature combustion (typically set at 800-1200℃), completely decomposes the organic pollutants in the exhaust gas into carbon dioxide and water vapor, while simultaneously destroying the chemical structure of harmful gases, achieving preliminary purification and harmless treatment of the exhaust gas. The chimney 68 is connected to the outlet of the first bag filter 56.

[0046] The high-temperature exhaust gas (approximately 700-900℃) after treatment in incinerator 61 enters quench tower 62 through pipelines. Quench tower 62 employs rapid spray cooling technology, injecting a large amount of fine water mist into the exhaust gas through nozzles. Utilizing the principle of water evaporation and heat absorption, the exhaust gas temperature is rapidly reduced to below 200℃ in a very short time (usually 1-2 seconds). This process not only effectively inhibits the secondary formation of harmful substances such as dioxins but also prevents thermal damage to subsequent treatment equipment caused by the high-temperature exhaust gas. The quenched exhaust gas then enters the first spray tower 63, which is equipped with a multi-layer spray device. An alkaline absorbent liquid (such as sodium hydroxide solution) is evenly sprayed into the exhaust gas via a circulating pump. The absorbent liquid neutralizes acidic gases (such as hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide) in the exhaust gas, effectively removing acidic pollutants. Simultaneously, the spraying process further reduces the exhaust gas temperature and captures some fine particulate matter, improving the exhaust gas purification effect. The exhaust gas treated in the first spray tower 63 then enters the second spray tower 64 for further purification. The second spray tower 64 also employs a spray absorption process, but the absorbent formula can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the exhaust gas composition (e.g., adding oxidants to enhance the removal of specific pollutants), ensuring deep removal of residual pollutants in the exhaust gas. After continuous washing in two stages of spray towers, the concentration of pollutants in the exhaust gas is significantly reduced, reaching a relatively clean state. Subsequently, the exhaust gas enters the demister 65. The demister 65 is equipped with high-efficiency gas-liquid separation elements (such as baffles, wire mesh demisters, etc.), which effectively remove tiny droplets entrained in the exhaust gas through inertial collision, interception, and other mechanisms, preventing droplets from carrying pollutants into subsequent equipment and avoiding liquid pollution to the environment. The demistered exhaust gas then enters the activated carbon adsorption tower 66. The activated carbon adsorption tower 66 is filled with a large number of activated carbon particles with high specific surface area. Utilizing the strong adsorption performance of activated carbon, it deeply adsorbs and purifies residual volatile organic compounds (VOCs), odor substances, etc., in the exhaust gas, further reducing the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gas and ensuring that the exhaust gas meets emission standards. The clean exhaust gas, after being treated by the activated carbon adsorption tower 66, is transported to the chimney 68 through pipelines under the suction of the exhaust gas fan 67. The exhaust gas fan 67 provides stable power support for the entire exhaust gas treatment system, ensuring that the exhaust gas can pass smoothly through each treatment device and maintaining a suitable negative pressure environment within the system to prevent the leakage of harmful gases. Finally, the exhaust gas, after multi-stage purification, is discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney 68 at high altitude, achieving compliant emissions. In addition, there is an indirect connection between the outlet of the chimney 68 and the outlet of the first bag filter 56 in the recovery module 5: after treating the exhaust gas from other stages in the system, the relatively clean gas discharged from the outlet of the first bag filter 56 can form an integrated airflow system with the exhaust gas after deep treatment by the exhaust gas treatment module 6, and be discharged together through the chimney 68, ensuring the uniformity and standardization of exhaust gas emissions throughout the system.

[0047] The specific working principle is as follows: Waste lithium batteries are fed onto the feeding belt conveyor 11 via the feeding platform and then transported to the feeding device 12.

[0048] The feeding device 12 divides the feeding chamber 122 into multiple isolation chambers via suction blades 126, and uses nitrogen filling to achieve intermittent feeding, preventing the waste lithium batteries from contacting air. The waste lithium batteries enter the first shredder 21, where they are initially shredded to a particle size ≤50mm under nitrogen protection. The material then enters the second shredder 22 for further shredding to a particle size ≤30mm. The electrolyte gas volatilized during the shredding process is purified by the exhaust gas treatment module 6.

[0049] The shredder is equipped with an oxygen content sensor, a temperature sensor, and a safety valve to monitor and regulate the internal environment in real time. The shredded material is conveyed to a high-temperature pyrolysis furnace 32 via a feeding screw conveyor 31, where it is pyrolyzed in a nitrogen atmosphere at 500-750℃. This pyrolysis causes the diaphragm, electrolyte, and binder to decompose, and the positive and negative electrode powders detach from the copper and aluminum foil. The pyrolyzed material then enters a cooler 33, where it is cooled to ≤80℃.

[0050] The material is conveyed by the first scraper conveyor 411 to the first crusher 412, where it is crushed to a particle size ≤15mm. The first screening machine 413 separates the black powder and conveys it to the recovery module 5. The remaining material is conveyed by the second scraper conveyor 421 to the air separator 422, where the heavy material shell is separated from the light material copper-aluminum electrode sheets by air force. The light material enters the cyclone separator 423 for collection, while the heavy material enters the second screening machine 424 for further screening to remove the black powder. The copper-aluminum electrode sheets are crushed by the second crusher 431 to a particle size ≤5mm, and the black powder is separated by the third screening machine 432. After fine crushing, the material is ground by the mill 441 to a particle size ≤10μm, and the black powder is separated by the fourth screening machine 442. The copper-aluminum electrode sheets enter the recovery module 5. After grinding, the material enters the copper-aluminum separator 51, where copper particles and aluminum particles are separated. These particles are then compressed and formed by the copper particle pressing machine 52 and the aluminum particle pressing machine 53, respectively.

[0051] The first bag filter 54, cyclone dust collector 55, first bag filter 56 and cyclone collection chamber 57 collect dust from each stage and transport it to the black powder collector 58 or pyrolysis module 3 for recycling.

[0052] High-pressure blower 71 collects dust-laden airflow from the crushing process. After being ground by cyclone mill 72 and screened by disc screen 73, the black powder is conveyed to black powder collector 58.

[0053] The exhaust gas passes sequentially through an incinerator 61 to decompose organic matter at high temperature, a quench tower 62 to suppress dioxin formation, a first spray tower 63 and a second spray tower 64 to remove acidic gases, a demister 65 to separate droplets, and an activated carbon adsorption tower 66 to adsorb VOCs, and finally passes through a chimney 68 to meet emission standards.

[0054] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system, comprising a feeding module (1), wherein the feeding module (1) is connected to a crushing module (2), the crushing module (2) is connected to a pyrolysis module (3), the pyrolysis module (3) is connected to a crushing module (4), the crushing module (4) is connected to a recycling module (5), and the crushing module (2), pyrolysis module (3), crushing module (4) and recycling module (5) are all connected to a tail gas treatment module (6), characterized in that: The feeding module (1) includes a feeding belt conveyor (11), which is connected to a feeding device (12). The outlet of the feeding device (12) is sealed to the inlet of the crushing module (2). The shredding module (2) includes a first shredder (21) and a second shredder (22) connected vertically. The first shredder (21) is connected to the discharge port of the feeding device (12), and the second shredder (22) is connected to the pyrolysis module (3). Both the first shredder (21) and the second shredder (22) are connected to an air inflation unit, which can isolate the material entering the feeding device (12) from the air.

2. The waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding device (12) includes a fixed shell (121), a feeding chamber (122) is provided inside the fixed shell (121), a feeding hopper (123) is provided at the top of the fixed shell (121), the feeding hopper (123) is connected to the feeding chamber (122), a discharge pipe (124) is provided at the bottom of the fixed shell (121), the discharge pipe (124) is sealed to the feed port of the first shredder (21), a rotating motor (125) is provided at the top of the fixed shell (121), a rotatable suction blade (126) is provided inside the feeding chamber (122), a blowing blade (127) is provided at one end of the suction blade (126) near the feeding hopper (123), the suction blade (126) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the rotating motor (125), and the feeding hopper (123) and the discharge pipe (124) are staggered.

3. The waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pyrolysis module (3) includes a feeding screw conveyor (31), which is connected to the outlet of the second shredder (22). The outlet of the feeding screw conveyor (31) is connected to a high-temperature pyrolysis furnace (32), and the outlet of the high-temperature pyrolysis furnace (32) is connected to a cooler (33).

4. The waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing module (4) includes a coarse crushing unit (41), an air classifier unit (42), a fine crushing unit (43), and a grinding unit (44) connected in sequence. The coarse crushing unit (41) is connected to the discharge port of the pyrolysis module (3), and the coarse crushing unit (41), the air classifier unit (42), the fine crushing unit (43), and the grinding unit (44) are all connected to the recycling module (5).

5. The waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The coarse crushing unit (41) includes a first scraper conveyor (411), a first crusher (412), and a first screening machine (413) connected in sequence. The first scraper conveyor (411) is connected to the discharge port of the pyrolysis module (3), the first scraper conveyor (411) is connected to the feed port of the first crusher (412), the first screening machine (413) is connected to the discharge port of the first crusher (412), and the first screening machine (413) is connected to the recycling module (5).

6. The waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air separation unit (42) includes a second scraper conveyor (421), an air separator (422), a cyclone separator (423), and a second screening machine (424). The second scraper conveyor (421) is connected to the discharge port of the coarse crushing unit (41). The discharge port of the second scraper conveyor (421) is connected to the feed port of the air separator (422). The air separator (422) is connected to the cyclone separator (423) to separate heavy materials from light materials. The discharge port of the air separator (422) is connected to the feed port of the second screening machine (424). The discharge port of the cyclone separator (423) is connected to the fine crushing unit (43). The second screening machine (424) is connected to the recycling module (5).

7. The waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fine crushing unit (43) includes a second crusher (431), a third screening machine (432), and a third scraper conveyor (433). The second crusher (431) is connected to the discharge port of the air separation unit (42). The second crusher (431) and the feed port of the third screening machine (432) are connected through the third scraper conveyor (433). The discharge port of the third screening machine (432) is connected to the grinding unit (44). The feed ports of the third screening machine (432) and the third scraper conveyor (433) are connected to the recycling module (5).

8. The waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The grinding unit (44) includes a grinding mill (441) and a fourth screening machine (442). The feed inlet of the grinding mill (441) is connected to the discharge outlet of the fine crushing unit (43), the discharge outlet of the grinding mill (441) is connected to the feed inlet of the fourth screening machine (442), and the fourth screening machine (442) is connected to the recycling module (5).

9. The waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The recycling module (5) includes a copper-aluminum separator (51), which is connected to the discharge port of the crushing module (4). The two discharge ports of the copper-aluminum separator (51) are respectively connected to a copper particle pressing machine (52) and an aluminum particle pressing machine (53). It also includes a first bag filter (54), a cyclone dust collector (55), a first bag filter (56), a cyclone collection chamber (57), and a black powder collector (58). The outlet of the first bag filter (54) is connected to the exhaust gas treatment module (6), the inlet of the cyclone dust collector (55) is connected to the feed inlet of the feeding device (12), the outlet of the cyclone dust collector (55) is connected to the inlet of the first bag filter (54), and the outlets of the first bag filter (54) and the cyclone dust collector (55) are both connected to the feed inlet of the pyrolysis module (3). The air inlet of the first bag dust collector (56) is connected to the air outlet of the cyclone collection chamber (57), the air outlet of the first bag dust collector (56) is connected to the exhaust gas treatment module (6), the air inlet of the cyclone collection chamber (57) is connected to both the coarse crushing unit (41) and the fine crushing unit (43), and the discharge outlets of the first bag dust collector (56) and the cyclone collection chamber (57) are both connected to the feed inlet of the black powder collector (58).

10. A waste lithium battery crushing and recycling system according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes a supplementary module (7), which includes a high-pressure blower (71). The air inlet of the high-pressure blower (71) is connected to the coarse crushing unit (41), the air separation unit (42), and the fine crushing unit (43). The air outlet of the high-pressure blower (71) is connected to a cyclone mill (72). The discharge port of the cyclone mill (72) is connected to a disc screen (73) and a second bag filter (74). The discharge ports of the disc screen (73) and the second bag filter (74) are both connected to the black powder collector (58). The disc screen (73) is also connected to the fine crushing unit (43).

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