Machining tool and machining method of track shoe for light equipment action system

Abstract

The invention discloses a machining tool and method for a track shoe for a light equipment action system, the machining tool comprises an end face pin hole machining tool and an outer side face machining tool, the end face pin hole machining tool comprises a flange base and a main beam, the main beam is connected with the flange base, the flange base is connected with a fourth shaft of a four-shaft machining center, and the outer side face machining tool is connected with the flange base. Back positioning blocks are mounted on machining stations on the left side and the right side of the main beam, and an air cylinder for fixing a workpiece is mounted on the main beam; the outer side face machining tool comprises a strip-shaped base, a round positioning shaft is arranged on the front face of the strip-shaped base and connected with a fourth shaft of the four-shaft machining center, a boss is arranged on the back face of the strip-shaped base, a supporting pin is installed on the boss, and the workpiece is arranged on the supporting pin in a sleeving mode and fixed through a fixing bolt. The machining method comprises two working procedures which are achieved through one-time clamping of the two tools respectively. The clamp has the advantages of being simple and reasonable in structure, convenient to operate and high in clamping and positioning precision, multiple clamping machining procedures are optimized into two clamping machining procedures, the influence of clamping on the machining precision is greatly reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of machining technology and relates to a machining tooling and machining method for track plates used in lightweight equipment mobility systems. Background Technology

[0002] Track shoes are indispensable key components in the movement systems of engineering machinery, agricultural equipment, military vehicles, and other light and heavy equipment, primarily used to provide stable mobile support and power transmission. Traditional track shoes are usually made of high-strength steel or cast iron. However, with the increasing demands for lightweight, efficient, and energy-saving equipment in modern industry and military equipment, traditional track shoe materials are gradually being replaced by lightweight materials such as aluminum alloys and titanium alloys.

[0003] For the machining of aluminum alloy track plates (with two parallel pin holes perpendicular to the two end faces and grooves on both the top and bottom sides) used in existing light equipment mobility systems, traditional clamping and fixing fixtures are mostly flat-jaw vises with different jaws. This involves long machining processes and numerous clamping operations, with each clamping operation requiring manual clamping and fixing of the track plate. Manual fixing of the track plates is cumbersome, has poor clamping and positioning accuracy, resulting in low product processing efficiency and poor perpendicularity between the track plate pin holes and the two end faces, as well as between the outer and two end faces. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a machining fixture for track plates of a light equipment mobility system, which has the characteristics of reasonable structure, convenient operation and high clamping and positioning accuracy.

[0005] The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a processing method for track plates for lightweight equipment mobility systems. The process is simpler and more reasonable, and the original multi-clamping processing steps are optimized into two clamping processing steps, which greatly reduces the impact of clamping on processing accuracy and effectively improves production efficiency.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the first technical problem mentioned above is: a machining fixture for track plates of a lightweight equipment mobility system, characterized in that: it includes a machining fixture for end face pin holes and a machining fixture for outer side surfaces; wherein,

[0007] The end face pin hole machining fixture includes a flange base and a main beam. The rear end of the main beam is connected and fixed to the flange base. The front end of the main beam is provided with a center hole that mates with a movable center. The flange base is connected to the fourth axis of a four-axis machining center. Machining stations are provided on the left and right sides of the main beam. A back positioning block that abuts against the bottom of the workpiece blank is installed on the machining station. Cylinders for fixing the workpiece are provided at the front and rear ends of the machining station on the main beam.

[0008] The outer surface machining fixture includes a strip base. The front of the strip base has a circular positioning shaft that connects to the fourth axis of the four-axis machining center. The back of the strip base has a boss that mates with the end face of the workpiece. Support pins corresponding to the pin holes on the two end faces of the workpiece are installed on the boss. The workpiece is fitted onto the support pins and abuts against the boss. It is fixed by a fixing bolt that passes through the pad and the pin hole and is screwed into the screw hole of the support pin.

[0009] As an improvement, the main beam is a rectangular block, and the flange base is a circular block. The front end face of the flange base is recessed with a main beam positioning groove, and several main beam fixing holes are opened in the main beam positioning groove. The rear end of the main beam is opened with a connection hole corresponding to the main beam fixing hole. The rear end of the main beam is set in the main beam positioning groove and fixed to the flange base with bolts. A cylindrical positioning pin is protruding in the middle of the rear end face of the flange base. The diameter of the positioning pin is the same as the inner diameter of the fourth axis hole of the four-axis machining center. Several flange base fixing holes are also provided on the flange base and outside the main beam fixing holes. After the flange base is positioned with the fourth axis hole of the four-axis machining center by the positioning pin, it is connected and fixed to the fourth axis of the four-axis machining center by bolts passing through the flange base fixing holes.

[0010] Furthermore, the main beam fixing holes are four countersunk holes, which are located on the rear end face of the flange base. The four main beam fixing holes are respectively opened at the four corners of the main beam positioning groove. The flange base fixing holes are countersunk holes, which are located on the front end face of the flange base. There are three to four flange base fixing holes. The flange base is connected and fixed to the fourth axis of the four-axis machining center by bolts passing through the flange base fixing holes.

[0011] Furthermore, the main beam has recessed mounting areas for cylinder installation at both the front and rear ends on the left and right sides. There are six cylinders, two of which are located at the rear ends on the left and right sides of the main beam, and four of which are installed at the front ends on the left and right sides of the main beam. The mounting areas have multiple cylinder mounting holes, and the cylinders are fixed to the main beam with bolts.

[0012] Furthermore, the six cylinders have the same structure, each including a cylinder body, a cylinder telescopic rod in the middle of the cylinder body, a cylinder pressure block at the top of the cylinder telescopic rod, the cylinder telescopic rod and the cylinder pressure block being connected by a third pin, the cylinder pressure block being connected to the cylinder body in the middle by a cylinder pressure block bracket, the cylinder pressure block and the cylinder pressure block bracket being connected by a first pin, and the cylinder pressure block bracket and the cylinder body being connected by a second pin.

[0013] Furthermore, the main beam has a back positioning block positioning groove recessed in the middle of the left and right sides. The front of the back positioning block is a curved surface with the same outline as the bottom of the workpiece blank. A positioning hole is opened in the positioning groove of the back positioning block, and a corresponding countersunk hole is provided on the back positioning block. The back positioning block is fixed in the positioning groove of the back positioning block by bolts.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the circular positioning shaft on the front of the strip base is the same as the inner diameter of the center hole of the fourth axis of the machining center. A center fixing hole is provided on the circular positioning shaft. Two support pin positioning grooves are recessed in the boss on the back of the strip base. A through positioning hole is provided in the support pin positioning groove. One end of the support pin is provided with a corresponding connecting hole. The support pin is set in the positioning groove and fixed by bolts.

[0015] Finally, the pad is a circular pad with a groove on one side.

[0016] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the second technical problem mentioned above is: a method for processing track plates for a lightweight equipment mobility system, characterized in that: the above-mentioned processing tooling is used for processing, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0017] 1) Fix the assembled end face pin hole machining fixture and outer side surface machining fixture on the fourth axis of different four-axis machining centers respectively. The end face pin hole machining fixture needs to be used in conjunction with the movable center.

[0018] 2) End face pin hole machining: Open six cylinders, place one workpiece into the left machining station of the main beam, close three cylinders in the left machining station to fix the workpiece, then rotate the end face pin hole machining fixture 180° and place another workpiece into the right machining station of the main beam. Then close three cylinders in the right machining station to fix the workpiece. During machining, first perform milling on the upper and lower end faces of the workpiece, then perform boring, and finally perform pin hole chamfering. The upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece are machined by rotating the fourth axis.

[0019] 3) Machining of the outer surface: Insert the workpiece after processing in step 2) through the end face pin hole onto the support pin, then put in a pad, and screw the fixing bolt through the pad and the pin hole of the workpiece into the support pin to fix the workpiece; use the milling process to process the outer surface of the workpiece. First process one side of the workpiece, and then process the other side of the workpiece. The machining of the upper and lower outer surfaces of the workpiece is achieved by rotating the fourth axis.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. It is divided into end face pin hole machining fixture and outer side machining fixture. The end face milling and boring processes of the workpiece are clamped and completed in one go on the end face pin hole machining fixture, which maximizes the perpendicularity accuracy of the end face and the pin hole. The clamping of the second process, outer side machining, is based on the pin hole of the first process, which can also ensure the perpendicularity accuracy of the outer side and the end face.

[0022] 2. The end face pin hole machining fixture can easily realize more station machining, and the use of cylinders can make workpiece loading and unloading convenient and quick, thus improving machining efficiency.

[0023] 3. The outer surface machining fixture is equipped with two slotted pads, which can be removed without completely removing the fixing bolts, allowing for quick loading and unloading of workpieces and improving the efficiency of outer surface machining.

[0024] The machining fixture of the present invention has the characteristics of simple and reasonable design, convenient operation and high clamping and positioning accuracy. The machining method is simpler, and the original multi-clamping machining process is optimized into two clamping machining processes, which greatly reduces the impact of clamping on machining accuracy and effectively improves production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the end face pin hole machining fixture provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the end face pin hole machining fixture provided by the present invention from another angle;

[0027] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure after the workpiece has been removed;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front and rear end face structures of the flange base;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the main beam;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the back positioning block;

[0031] Figure 7a , Figure 7b This is a schematic diagram of the cylinder structure;

[0032] Figure 8a , Figure 8b This is a schematic diagram of the tooling for machining the outer surface;

[0033] Figure 9 yes Figure 8a A schematic diagram of the structure after the workpiece has been removed;

[0034] Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of a strip-shaped base.

[0035] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the front and back of the support pin structure;

[0036] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the front and back of the pad block structure. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] like Figure 1-12As shown, a machining fixture for track plates used in a light equipment mobility system includes a machining fixture A for end face pin holes and a machining fixture B for outer surface. The machining fixture A for end face pin holes includes a flange base 2 and a main beam 1. The rear end of the main beam 1 is connected and fixed to the flange base 2. The front end of the main beam 1 has a center hole 12a that mates with a movable center. The flange base 2 is connected to the fourth axis of a four-axis machining center. Machining stations are located on the left and right sides of the main beam 1. Back positioning blocks 4, which abut against the bottom of the workpiece blank, are installed at each machining station. The front and rear ends of the upper machining station are respectively equipped with cylinders 3 for fixing the workpiece 8; the outer side machining fixture B includes a strip base 5. The front of the strip base 5 is provided with a circular positioning shaft 51 that is connected to the fourth axis of the four-axis machining center. The back of the strip base 5 is provided with a boss 52 that mates with the end face of the workpiece 8. The boss 52 is equipped with support pins 6 that correspond to the pin holes of the two end faces of the workpiece 8. The workpiece 8 is sleeved on the support pins 6 and fixed by fixing bolts 7 passing through the pad 9 and the pin hole and screwed into the screw hole 61 of the support pin 6.

[0039] The specific structure is as follows: the main beam 1 is a rectangular block, the flange base 2 is a circular block, the front end face of the flange base 2 is recessed with a main beam positioning groove 22, and several main beam fixing holes 23 are opened in the main beam positioning groove 22. The rear end of the main beam 1 is opened with a connecting hole 11 corresponding to the main beam fixing hole 23. The rear end of the main beam 1 is set in the main beam positioning groove 22 and fixed to the flange base 2 by bolts. A cylindrical positioning pin 21 is protruding in the middle of the rear end face of the flange base 2. The diameter of the positioning pin 21 is the same as the inner diameter of the fourth axis shaft hole of the four-axis machining center. Several flange base fixing holes 24 are also provided on the flange base 2 outside the main beam fixing holes 23. After the flange base 2 is positioned with the fourth axis shaft hole of the four-axis machining center by the positioning pin 21, it is connected and fixed to the fourth axis of the four-axis machining center by bolts passing through the flange base fixing holes 24. In this embodiment, the main beam fixing holes 23 are four countersunk holes, which are located on the rear end face of the flange base 2. The four main beam fixing holes 23 are respectively opened at the four corners of the main beam positioning groove 22. The flange base fixing holes 24 are countersunk holes, which are located on the front end face of the flange base 2. There are four flange base fixing holes 24. The flange base fixing holes 24 are connected and fixed to the fourth axis of the four-axis machining center by bolts passing through the flange base fixing holes 24.

[0040] The main beam 1 has recessed mounting areas 12 at both the front and rear ends of its left and right sides for mounting cylinders 3. There are six cylinders 3, two of which are located at the rear ends of the left and right sides of the main beam 1, and four are located at the front ends of the left and right sides of the main beam 1. The mounting areas 12 have multiple cylinder mounting holes, and the cylinders 3 are fixed to the main beam 1 with bolts. The six cylinders 3 have the same structure, each including a cylinder body 31. A cylinder telescopic rod 32 is set in the middle of the cylinder body 31, and a cylinder pressure block 33 is set at the top of the cylinder telescopic rod 32. The cylinder telescopic rod 32 and the cylinder pressure block 33 are connected by a third pin 36. The cylinder pressure block 33 is connected to the cylinder body 31 in the middle by a cylinder pressure block bracket 34. The cylinder pressure block 33 and the cylinder pressure block bracket 34 are connected by a first pin 37. The cylinder pressure block bracket 34 is connected to the cylinder body 1 by a second pin 35.

[0041] The main beam 1 has a back positioning block positioning groove 13 recessed in the middle of the left and right sides. The front of the back positioning block 4 is a curved surface with the same outline as the bottom of the workpiece blank. The back positioning block positioning groove 13 has a positioning hole, and the back positioning block 4 has a corresponding countersunk hole 41. The back positioning block 4 is fixed in the back positioning block positioning groove 13 by bolts.

[0042] The outer diameter of the circular positioning shaft 51 on the front of the strip base 5 is the same as the inner diameter of the center hole of the fourth axis of the machining center. A center fixing hole is provided on the circular positioning shaft 51. The boss 52 on the back of the strip base 5 has two left and right support pin positioning grooves 53 recessed in it. Two through positioning holes 54 are provided in the support pin positioning grooves 53. One end of the support pin 6 has a corresponding connecting hole 62. The support pin 6 is set in the support pin positioning groove 53 and fixed by bolts. The pad 9 is a circular pad with a groove 91 on one side.

[0043] A method for machining track plates for a lightweight equipment mobility system includes two machining processes, which are respectively achieved by clamping a tool for machining end face pin holes and a tool for machining outer surfaces in one operation. The first process includes end face milling and boring, which are achieved by clamping a tool for machining end face pin holes in one operation. End face milling includes upper end face milling and lower end face milling, and boring includes rough boring, fine boring, and upper and lower chamfering. The second process is outer surface milling, which is achieved by clamping an outer surface milling tool in one operation. The outer surface milling is divided into upper and lower outer surface milling. The upper and lower surface milling, upper and lower chamfering, and upper and lower surface outer surface milling are respectively achieved by rotating the end face pin hole machining tool and the outer surface milling tool in conjunction with the fourth axis of a four-axis machining center by 180°.

[0044] The specific steps are as follows:

[0045] 1. Fix the assembled end face pin hole machining fixture A and outer side surface machining fixture B on the fourth axis of different four-axis machining centers respectively. The end face pin hole machining fixture needs to be used in conjunction with a movable center.

[0046] II. End face pin hole machining: Open six cylinders 3, place one workpiece 8 into the left machining station of the main beam 1, close three cylinders 3 in the left machining station to fix workpiece 8, then rotate the end face pin hole machining fixture A 180°, place another workpiece 8 into the right machining station of the main beam 1, and then close three cylinders 3 in the right machining station to fix workpiece 8; during machining, first perform milling on the upper and lower end faces of workpiece 8, then perform boring, and finally perform pin hole chamfering. The upper and lower surfaces of workpiece 8 are machined by rotating the fourth axis.

[0047] 3. Machining of the outer surface: Insert the workpiece 8 after processing in step 2) through the end face pin hole onto the support pin 6, then put on the pad 9, and screw the fixing bolt 7 through the pad 9 and the pin hole of the workpiece 8 into the support pin 6 to fix the workpiece 8; use the milling process to process the outer surface of the workpiece 8. First process one side of the workpiece 8, and then process the other side of the workpiece 8. The machining of the upper and lower outer surfaces of the workpiece 8 is achieved by rotating the fourth axis.

[0048] During production, one set of two-station end face pin hole machining fixture A can be used in conjunction with four sets of outer surface machining fixture B, that is, one end face pin hole machining center is paired with four outer surface machining centers to improve production efficiency.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machining fixture for track plates used in a lightweight equipment mobility system, characterized in that: This includes fixtures for machining the end face pin holes and fixtures for machining the outer surface; among which, The end face pin hole machining fixture includes a flange base and a main beam. The rear end of the main beam is connected and fixed to the flange base. The front end of the main beam is provided with a center hole that mates with a movable center. The flange base is connected to the fourth axis of a four-axis machining center. Machining stations are provided on the left and right sides of the main beam. A back positioning block that abuts against the bottom of the workpiece blank is installed on the machining station. Cylinders for fixing the workpiece are provided at the front and rear ends of the machining station on the main beam. The outer surface machining fixture includes a strip base. The front of the strip base has a circular positioning shaft that connects to the fourth axis of the four-axis machining center. The back of the strip base has a boss that mates with the end face of the workpiece. Support pins corresponding to the pin holes on the two end faces of the workpiece are installed on the boss. The workpiece is fitted onto the support pins and abuts against the boss. It is fixed by a fixing bolt that passes through the pad and the pin hole and is screwed into the screw hole of the support pin.

2. The machining tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main beam is a rectangular block, and the flange base is a circular block. The front end face of the flange base has a main beam positioning groove, and several main beam fixing holes are opened in the main beam positioning groove. The rear end of the main beam has a connection hole corresponding to the main beam fixing hole. The rear end of the main beam is set in the main beam positioning groove and fixed to the flange base with bolts. A cylindrical positioning pin is protruding in the middle of the rear end face of the flange base. The diameter of the positioning pin is the same as the inner diameter of the fourth axis shaft hole of the four-axis machining center. Several flange base fixing holes are also provided on the flange base and outside the main beam fixing holes. After the flange base is positioned with the fourth axis shaft hole of the four-axis machining center by the positioning pin, it is connected and fixed to the fourth axis of the four-axis machining center by bolts passing through the flange base fixing holes.

3. The machining tooling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main beam fixing holes are four countersunk holes, which are located on the rear end face of the flange base. The four main beam fixing holes are respectively opened at the four corners of the main beam positioning groove. The flange base fixing holes are countersunk holes, which are located on the front end face of the flange base. There are three to four flange base fixing holes. The flange base is connected and fixed to the fourth axis of the four-axis machining center by bolts passing through the flange base fixing holes.

4. The machining tooling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The main beam has recessed mounting areas for cylinder installation at both the front and rear ends on the left and right sides. There are six cylinders, two of which are located at the rear ends on the left and right sides of the main beam, and four of which are installed at the front ends on the left and right sides of the main beam. The mounting areas have multiple cylinder mounting holes, and the cylinders are fixed to the main beam with bolts.

5. The machining tooling according to claim 4, characterized in that: The six cylinders have the same structure, each including a cylinder body, a cylinder telescopic rod in the middle of the cylinder body, a cylinder pressure block at the top of the cylinder telescopic rod, the cylinder telescopic rod and the cylinder pressure block are connected by a No. 3 pin, the cylinder pressure block is connected to the cylinder body in the middle by a cylinder pressure block bracket, the cylinder pressure block and the cylinder pressure block bracket are connected by a No. 1 pin, and the cylinder pressure block bracket and the cylinder body are connected by a No. 2 pin.

6. The machining fixture according to claim 7, characterized in that: The main beam has a back positioning block positioning groove recessed in the middle of the left and right sides. The front of the back positioning block is a curved surface with the same outline as the bottom of the workpiece blank. A positioning hole is opened in the positioning groove of the back positioning block, and a corresponding countersunk hole is provided on the back positioning block. The back positioning block is fixed in the positioning groove of the back positioning block by bolts.

7. The machining tooling according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the circular positioning shaft on the front of the strip base is the same as the inner diameter of the center hole of the fourth axis of the machining center. A center fixing hole is provided on the circular positioning shaft. Two support pin positioning grooves are recessed in the boss on the back of the strip base. A through positioning hole is provided in the support pin positioning groove. One end of the support pin is provided with a corresponding connecting hole. The support pin is set in the positioning groove and fixed by bolts.

8. The machining tooling according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pad is a circular pad with a groove on one side.

9. A method for processing track plates for a lightweight equipment mobility system, characterized in that: The machining is performed using the machining fixture described in claim 8, and the specific steps are as follows: 1) Fix the assembled end face pin hole machining fixture and outer side surface machining fixture on the fourth axis of different four-axis machining centers respectively. The end face pin hole machining fixture needs to be used in conjunction with the movable center. 2) End face pin hole machining: Open six cylinders, place one workpiece into the left machining station of the main beam, close three cylinders in the left machining station to fix the workpiece, then rotate the end face pin hole machining fixture 180° and place another workpiece into the right machining station of the main beam. Then close three cylinders in the right machining station to fix the workpiece. During machining, first perform milling on the upper and lower end faces of the workpiece, then perform boring, and finally perform pin hole chamfering. The upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece are machined by rotating the fourth axis. 3) Machining of the outer surface: Insert the workpiece after processing in step 2) through the end face pin hole onto the support pin, then put in a pad, and screw the fixing bolt through the pad and the pin hole of the workpiece into the support pin to fix the workpiece; use the milling process to process the outer surface of the workpiece. First process one side of the workpiece, and then process the other side of the workpiece. The machining of the upper and lower outer surfaces of the workpiece is achieved by rotating the fourth axis.

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