Equipment and method for separating and recycling plastic from waste

Abstract

The invention relates to recycled plastics, in particular to a device and method for separating and recycling plastics from waste materials. The device comprises a smashing cavity, a smashing mechanism is arranged in the smashing cavity, the bottom of the smashing cavity is slidably connected with a screening mechanism, and the bottom of the smashing cavity is fixedly connected with a screening cavity; the method comprises the following steps that firstly, waste in a crushing cavity is crushed through a crushing mechanism, the crushing mechanism cannot crush hard waste, and the crushing mechanism crushes soft waste; secondly, the crushed soft waste enters a screening cavity through a screening mechanism; thirdly, the soft waste materials are subjected to winnowing through the screening cavity, the light soft waste materials are sorted out, and the heavy soft waste materials are left; and the plastic can be effectively recycled in the waste materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the recycling of plastics, and more specifically to an apparatus and method for separating and recycling plastics from waste. Background Technology

[0002] With the continued growth of global plastic consumption, the recycling and disposal of waste plastics has become an important issue for environmental protection and resource recycling. Plastic waste is usually mixed with other waste, such as metals, paper, and organic matter. Traditional sorting methods mainly rely on manual screening or simple mechanical separation, which are inefficient and make it difficult to achieve high-purity recycling. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an apparatus and method for separating and recycling plastics from waste materials, which can effectively recycle plastics from waste materials.

[0004] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] A device for separating and recycling plastics from waste includes a crushing chamber, in which a crushing mechanism is provided, a screening mechanism is slidably connected to the bottom of the crushing chamber, and a screening chamber is fixedly connected to the bottom of the crushing chamber.

[0006] A feeding chamber is fixedly connected to the top of the crushing chamber;

[0007] Two separation pipes are fixedly connected to both sides of the screening chamber, and a wind power mechanism is installed on one of the separation pipes.

[0008] The crushing mechanism includes two telescopic mechanisms I, which are fixedly connected to both sides of the crushing chamber. A crushing bracket is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of each of the two telescopic mechanisms I. A crushing shaft is rotatably connected to each of the two crushing brackets. Multiple crushing blades are slidably connected to each of the two crushing shafts.

[0009] A pulverizing motor that drives the pulverizing shaft to rotate is fixedly connected to the pulverizing support;

[0010] A compression spring is fixedly connected between the crushing blades.

[0011] The crushing blade includes an inner blade ring and an outer blade ring, and a return spring is fixedly connected between the inner blade ring and the outer blade ring;

[0012] Four pushing mechanisms are fixedly connected to the crushing chamber. Each pushing mechanism includes a telescopic mechanism and a gap ball set on the telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism. The gap ball is in contact with the crushing blade.

[0013] The screening mechanism includes a telescopic mechanism II and a screening plate fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism II. The screening plate is slidably connected between the crushing chamber and the screening chamber.

[0014] A method for separating and recycling plastics from waste, the method comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: The waste material in the crushing chamber is crushed by the crushing mechanism. The crushing mechanism cannot crush hard waste material, but it can crush soft waste material.

[0016] Step 2: The crushed soft waste material enters the screening chamber through the screening mechanism;

[0017] Step 3: The soft waste is air-separated through the screening chamber, where the light soft waste is separated out, leaving the heavy soft waste. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment structure for separating and recycling plastics from waste materials according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the equipment for separating and recycling plastics from waste according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding chamber structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the crushing chamber structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the air separation chamber structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the screening mechanism of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the crushing wheel structure of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: crushing chamber 11; feeding chamber 12; screening chamber 13; separation pipe 14; crushing mechanism 2; telescopic mechanism I 21; crushing support 22; crushing motor 23; crushing shaft 24; crushing blade 25; blade inner ring 251; blade outer ring 252; screening mechanism 3; telescopic mechanism II 31; screening plate 32; pushing mechanism 4; telescopic mechanism 41; gap ball 42. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown below, the structure and function of a device for separating and recycling plastics from waste will be described in detail.

[0033] A device for separating and recycling plastics from waste includes a crushing chamber 11, a crushing mechanism 2 is provided inside the crushing chamber 11, a screening mechanism 3 is slidably connected to the bottom of the crushing chamber 11, and a screening chamber 13 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the crushing chamber 11.

[0034] In use, the waste to be processed is placed into the crushing chamber 11. The crushing mechanism 2 crushes the soft waste in the waste, which may contain metal, stone, paper, and plastic. Metal and stone are hard waste, while paper and plastic are soft waste. The crushing mechanism 2 cannot crush hard waste such as metal and stone, so they cannot pass through the screening mechanism 3 into the screening chamber 13. However, soft waste such as paper and plastic, after being crushed by the crushing mechanism 2, can pass through the screening mechanism 3 into the screening chamber 13. The screening chamber 13 uses horizontal air force to air separate the crushed soft waste. Since paper is lighter and plastic is heavier, the paper waste is air separated out, thus completing the separation and recycling of plastic. This crushed plastic is also convenient for subsequent reprocessing.

[0035] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, in order to facilitate the feeding of waste into the crushing mechanism 2, the top of the crushing chamber 11 is fixedly connected to the feeding chamber 12, and the bottom of the feeding chamber 12 is located on the upper side of the crushing mechanism 2, so that the waste to be processed can be fed into the crushing chamber 11 through the feeding chamber 12 for processing.

[0036] Furthermore, two separation pipes 14 are fixedly connected to both sides of the screening chamber 13, and one of the separation pipes 14 is equipped with a wind mechanism.

[0037] The wind power mechanism here can be a fan or a duct or other mechanism that can generate wind power. After the crushed soft waste passes through the screening mechanism 3, it falls into the screening chamber 13. The soft waste is then separated by the horizontal wind force of the wind power mechanism, so that the soft waste enters the separation pipe 14 without a wind power mechanism and is discharged, thus completing the wind separation.

[0038] Furthermore, the structure and function of the crushing mechanism 2 will be described in detail below;

[0039] The crushing mechanism 2 includes two telescopic mechanisms I21, which are fixedly connected to both sides of the crushing chamber 11. A crushing bracket 22 is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of each of the two telescopic mechanisms I21. A crushing shaft 24 is rotatably connected to each of the two crushing brackets 22. Multiple crushing blades 25 are slidably connected to each of the two crushing shafts 24.

[0040] A pulverizing motor 23 that drives the pulverizing shaft 24 to rotate is fixedly connected to the pulverizing support 22;

[0041] A compression spring is fixedly connected between the crushing blade 25 and the crushing blade 25.

[0042] When in use, the crushing motor 23 is started. The crushing motor 23 is preferably a servo motor. The output shaft of the crushing motor 23 drives the crushing shaft 24 to rotate. The crushing shaft 24 drives multiple crushing blades 25 to rotate. The multiple crushing blades 25 on the two crushing shafts 24 are staggered with each other. When the waste material to be processed enters between the multiple crushing blades 25 of the two crushing shafts 24, the multiple crushing blades 25 crush the waste material.

[0043] Furthermore, in order to adjust the crushing size of the crushing mechanism 2, the telescopic mechanism I 21 is activated. The telescopic mechanism I 21 can be a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod. The telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism I 21 drives the crushing support 22 to move, the crushing support 22 drives the crushing shaft 24 to move, and the crushing shaft 24 drives multiple crushing blades 25 to move, thereby adjusting the relative distance between the multiple crushing blades 25 on both sides, and thus adjusting the degree of crushing.

[0044] Furthermore, in order to ensure that the crushing mechanism 2 can only process soft waste materials;

[0045] The crushing blade 25 includes an inner blade ring 251 and an outer blade ring 252, and a return spring is fixedly connected between the inner blade ring 251 and the outer blade ring 252.

[0046] Furthermore, when the crushing blade 25 rotates and comes into contact with the hard waste, the return spring between the inner ring 251 and the outer ring 252 of the blade will be squeezed, thereby forming a certain deformation, making the crushing blade 25 unable to crush the hard waste.

[0047] Furthermore, in order to adjust the relative distance between the crushing blades 25 and the crushing blades 25 on the same crushing shaft 24;

[0048] Four pushing mechanisms 4 are fixedly connected to the crushing chamber 11. Each pushing mechanism 4 includes a telescopic mechanism 41 and a gap ball 42 disposed on the telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism 41. The gap ball 42 is in contact with the crushing blade 25.

[0049] The telescopic mechanism 41 is activated. The telescopic mechanism 41 can be a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod. The telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism 41 drives the gap ball 42 to move, so that the gap ball 42 squeezes the crushing blade 25 located on the side, thereby squeezing the multiple crushing blades 25 together through the compression spring, thereby adjusting the distance between the crushing blades 25 and thus adjusting the degree of crushing.

[0050] Furthermore, the structure and function of the screening mechanism 3 will be described in detail below;

[0051] The screening mechanism 3 includes a telescopic mechanism II 31 and a screening plate 32 fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism II 31. The screening plate 32 is slidably connected between the crushing chamber 11 and the screening chamber 13.

[0052] Start the telescopic mechanism II 31. The telescopic mechanism II 31 can be a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod. The telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism II 31 drives the screening plate 32 to reciprocate, so that the screening plate 32 slides continuously between the crushing chamber 11 and the screening chamber 13, thereby screening the waste on the screening plate 32 and ensuring that only the crushed waste can pass through the screening plate 32.

[0053] A method for separating and recycling plastics from waste, the method comprising the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: Place the waste material to be processed into the crushing chamber 11. The crushing mechanism 2 crushes the soft waste material in the waste material. The waste material may contain metal, stone, paper and plastic, etc. Among them, metal and stone are hard waste materials, while paper and plastic are soft waste materials. The crushing mechanism 2 cannot crush hard waste materials such as metal and stone.

[0055] Step 2: Consequently, hard waste materials such as metal and stone cannot pass through the screening mechanism 3 and enter the screening chamber 13, while soft waste materials such as paper and plastic...

[0056] Step 3: After being crushed by the crushing mechanism 2, the material can enter the screening chamber 13 through the screening mechanism 3. The screening chamber 13 uses horizontal wind force to air separate the crushed soft waste. Paper is lighter and plastic is heavier, so the paper waste is air separated, thus completing the separation and recycling of plastic. In this way, the crushed plastic is also convenient for subsequent reprocessing.

Claims

1. A device for separating and recycling plastics from waste, comprising a crushing chamber (11), characterized in that: The crushing chamber (11) is provided with a crushing mechanism (2), a sieving mechanism (3) is slidably connected to the bottom of the crushing chamber (11), and a sieving chamber (13) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the crushing chamber (11).

2. The equipment for separating and recycling plastics from waste materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the crushing chamber (11) is fixedly connected to the feeding chamber (12).

3. The equipment for separating and recycling plastics from waste materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two separation pipes (14) are fixedly connected to both sides of the screening chamber (13), and a wind power mechanism is provided on one of the separation pipes (14).

4. The equipment for separating and recycling plastics from waste materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing mechanism (2) includes two telescopic mechanisms I (21), which are fixedly connected to both sides of the crushing chamber (11). Crushing brackets (22) are fixedly connected to the telescopic ends of the two telescopic mechanisms I (21), and crushing shafts (24) are rotatably connected to the two crushing brackets (22). Multiple crushing blades (25) are slidably connected to the two crushing shafts (24).

5. The device for separating and recycling plastics from waste materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The crushing support (22) is fixedly connected to a crushing motor (23) that drives the crushing shaft (24) to rotate.

6. The device for separating and recycling plastics from waste materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: A compression spring is fixedly connected between the crushing blade (25) and the crushing blade (25).

7. The device for separating and recycling plastics from waste materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The crushing tool (25) includes an inner ring (251) and an outer ring (252), and a return spring is fixedly connected between the inner ring (251) and the outer ring (252).

8. The device for separating and recycling plastics from waste materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: Four pushing mechanisms (4) are fixedly connected to the crushing chamber (11). The pushing mechanism (4) includes a telescopic mechanism (41) and a gap ball (42) set on the telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism (41). The gap ball (42) is in contact with the crushing blade (25).

9. The equipment for separating and recycling plastics from waste materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening mechanism (3) includes a telescopic mechanism II (31) and a screening plate (32) fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism II (31). The screening plate (32) is slidably connected between the crushing chamber (11) and the screening chamber (13).

10. A method for separating and recycling plastics from waste, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: Step 1: The waste material in the crushing chamber (11) is crushed by the crushing mechanism (2). The crushing mechanism (2) cannot crush hard waste material, but it can crush soft waste material. Step 2: The crushed soft waste material enters the screening chamber (13) through the screening mechanism (3); Step 3: The soft waste is air-separated through the screening chamber (13), in which the light soft waste is separated out and the heavy soft waste is left.

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