Preparation method and application of powder treatment agent based on red mud-based road material
Through the synergistic effect of graphene oxide, nano-silica, and lithium magnesium silicate, the problems of low density and water penetration in red mud roadbeds were solved, achieving efficient cementation reaction and strength improvement, thus enhancing the waterproofness and durability of red mud roadbeds.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511179949.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-18
AI Technical Summary
Existing powdered treatment agents have low density in red mud subgrades, are easily penetrated by moisture, have low setting efficiency, and affect the curing quality.
By employing the synergistic effect of graphene oxide, nano-silica, and lithium magnesium silicate, cement and desulfurized gypsum are modified and activated through calcination to form cementitious substances that encapsulate particles, enhance adhesion, fill pores, and improve density.
It enhances the strength and waterproofness of the red mud subgrade, reduces water penetration and freeze-thaw damage, and improves the durability and density of the subgrade.
Smart Images
Figure BDA0005560465130000091 
Figure BDA0005560465130000101
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of red mud roadbed materials, and in particular to a method for preparing a powdered treatment agent based on red mud-based road materials, and also to the application of the powdered treatment agent prepared by the method. Background Technology
[0002] The active ingredients in the powdered treatment agent undergo ion exchange and cementation reactions with soil minerals, forming a cementitious substance that coats soil particles, enhances adhesion, fills soil pores, promotes tight particle arrangement, and increases density. The use of the powdered treatment agent can transform red mud into a material with high compressive strength and good water stability, suitable for roadbed construction. Furthermore, it improves the gradation of red mud, increases its internal friction angle and interlocking force, enabling it to form a robust slab under mechanical loads, ensuring the load-bearing capacity and stability of the roadbed.
[0003] Currently common powder treatment agents mainly use cement, fly ash, etc., and utilize the hydration of cement and fly ash to form a gel material to bond the red mud subgrade material. However, in the aforementioned coagulation mode, the only way to fill the cracks in the subgrade is to rely on the gel formed after hydration to wrap the soil mineral particles. This results in low density, easy water penetration, and low coagulation efficiency, which affects the curing quality of the red mud subgrade material. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing and applying a powdered treatment agent based on red mud-based road materials.
[0005] A method for preparing powdered treatment agents based on red mud-based road materials includes the following steps:
[0006] (1) Add graphene oxide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride to water, and the resulting complex is filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified graphene oxide.
[0007] (2) Cement and desulfurized gypsum are calcined and then rapidly cooled with liquid nitrogen to obtain the calcined product;
[0008] (3) After dry mixing the nano-silica, the modified graphene oxide obtained in step (1), the magnesium lithium silicate, and the calcined product obtained in step (2), the mixture is ball-milled to obtain the powder treatment agent.
[0009] As a further improvement to the above scheme, in step (1), the mass ratio of graphene oxide to hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride is 1:2-3. The amount of water used is equivalent to 1-3 times the total mass of graphene oxide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride. In this invention, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride is introduced to hydrophobically modify graphene oxide. Through the amino group reacting with the oxygen-containing groups on the surface of graphene oxide, a stable CTAC-GO complex is formed, thereby introducing a long-chain alkyl structure to enhance hydrophobicity.
[0010] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the graphene oxide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride are added to water, stirred and mixed under ultrasonic conditions, placed in a reaction vessel, and reacted at 80-100°C for 2-5 hours. The mixture is then filtered, the precipitate is washed with a 20% ethanol solution, and dried at 60-90°C to obtain modified graphene oxide. In this invention, the reaction temperature of 80-100°C promotes the binding of amino and oxygen-containing groups, and the washing with a 20% ethanol solution removes unreacted hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride.
[0011] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the ultrasonic power is 100-200W, and the mixing time is 10-15 minutes. Under these ultrasonic conditions, the present invention is beneficial for obtaining a better homogenization effect.
[0012] As a further improvement to the above scheme, in step (2), the mass ratio of cement to desulfurized gypsum is 0.5 to 1.5:1. The calcination of cement and desulfurized gypsum is carried out separately. This invention, based on the hydrolysis and hydration of desulfurized gypsum and the hydration and coagulation of cement, synergistically reacts with soil minerals in the red mud roadbed material to form a cementitious substance that encapsulates the particles, enhances adhesion, fills pores, and makes the particles tightly arranged, thus improving the density of the roadbed. Calcination activates cement and desulfurized gypsum to facilitate the cementing reaction with the red mud roadbed material.
[0013] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the desulfurized gypsum is calcined at a rate of 10-15℃ / min to 160-180℃ and held at that temperature for 2-5 hours. In this invention, the hemihydrate gypsum content is maximized and the crystals remain intact at the calcination temperature of 160-180℃, allowing for better hydration and coagulation reactions with the red mud roadbed material.
[0014] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the cement is heated to 1400-1500℃ at a rate of 30-50℃ / min and held at that temperature for 3-6 hours. In this invention, at a calcination temperature of 1400-1500℃, the minerals such as tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate in the cement are fully decomposed, maximizing their activity, which facilitates hydration and setting with the red mud roadbed material.
[0015] As a further improvement to the above scheme, in step (2), the calcined material is taken out and placed in a container, and liquid nitrogen is introduced for rapid cooling. This invention is based on rapid cooling after calcination using liquid nitrogen to slow down the oxidation process and improve the quality of the calcined product.
[0016] As a further improvement to the above scheme, in step (3), the mass ratio of the nano-silica, modified graphene oxide, and lithium magnesium silicate is 1:1 to 1.5:0.5 to 1; the amount of nano-silica added is equivalent to 6% to 10% of the total mass of cement and desulfurized gypsum. In this invention, the introduced lithium magnesium silicate has a Mg content of... 2+ Neutralizing the negative charge at the edges of red mud particles reduces electrostatic repulsion between particles. Simultaneously, its interlayer Li... + Ca in red mud roadbed materials 2+ / Na + The exchange process enhances the bonding force between particles, effectively filling and reinforcing the fine cracks in the prepared red mud subgrade, reducing subgrade cracking, improving subgrade durability, and ensuring that it can maintain good performance and appearance even after long-term use.
[0017] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the specific operation of the preparation method of the nano-silica is as follows: silicon tetrachloride is hydrolyzed at high temperature of 1200-1600℃ in an oxyhydrogen flame to generate nanoparticles, which are then collected by a cyclone separator and sent to a deacidification furnace for deacidification treatment to obtain nano-silica. In this invention, the addition of nano-silica has two main effects: firstly, nano-silica reacts with cement hydration products Ca(OH)2 to generate additional CSH gel, filling micropores and thus improving density and enhancing the compressive and tensile strength of the red mud subgrade; secondly, due to the presence of surface hydroxyl groups, nano-silica exhibits good dispersibility, improving the dispersibility of the hydration system, and synergistically with modified graphene oxide and lithium magnesium silicate to optimize the gradation, thereby enhancing the strength of the red mud subgrade.
[0018] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the ball milling process is carried out at a rotation speed of 60–80 r / min for 2–4 h. The diameter of the grinding balls used in the ball milling process is 20–40 mm, and the grinding balls account for 40–50% of the total mass of cement, desulfurized gypsum, nano-silica, modified graphene oxide, and lithium magnesium silicate. This invention refines the particle size of the powdered treatment agent by optimizing the ball milling conditions to obtain a powder with uniform dispersion, small particle size, and large specific surface area.
[0019] Application of a powdered treatment agent prepared by the aforementioned method in solidified soil.
[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0021] This invention introduces graphene oxide, nano-silica, and lithium magnesium silicate to synergistically optimize the gradation and enhance the bonding force between particles. This effectively fills and reinforces the fine cracks in the prepared red mud roadbed, reducing the possibility of water penetration and freeze-thaw damage, thereby enhancing the strength of the red mud roadbed and reducing roadbed cracking. Furthermore, the graphene oxide is modified to prevent water from penetrating into the roadbed and enhance its waterproofness.
[0022] This invention activates cement and desulfurized gypsum through calcination to accelerate hydration and setting speed, forming a cementitious substance that encapsulates the particles, enhances adhesion, fills pores, and makes the particles tightly arranged, thereby improving the compactness of the roadbed. Detailed Implementation
[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. It should be understood that the following description is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.
[0024] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.
[0025] Example 1
[0026] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a powdered treatment agent based on red mud-based road materials, which includes the following steps:
[0027] (1) Add graphene oxide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride to water, wherein the mass ratio of graphene oxide to hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride is 1:2, and the amount of water is equivalent to 1 times the total mass of graphene oxide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride. After stirring and mixing for 10 min under ultrasonic power of 100W, place it in a reaction vessel and react at 80℃ for 2 h. Filter, wash the precipitate with 20% ethanol solution, and then dry at 60℃ to obtain modified graphene oxide.
[0028] In this embodiment, graphene oxide is introduced. On the one hand, graphene oxide utilizes its high specific surface area and two-dimensional structure to fill the pores of the red mud roadbed material, improving its density and compressive strength. It also forms a physical barrier layer in the material, restricting molecular chain movement and enhancing intermolecular interactions to improve the material's viscoelasticity, thereby overcoming the defect of low-temperature cracking. On the other hand, the graphene oxide is hydrophobically modified, so that the modified graphene oxide, as a filler, not only improves the internal structure of the material, but the hydrophobic alkyl chains introduced on it are oriented to form a barrier that repels water molecules on the material surface. The alkyl chains chemically bond with the hydroxyl groups on the material surface to form a hydrophobic layer, preventing water from penetrating into the roadbed and enhancing the roadbed's waterproofness.
[0029] (2) Cement and desulfurized gypsum are calcined. The mass ratio of cement to desulfurized gypsum is 0.5:1. The calcination of cement and desulfurized gypsum is carried out separately. When the desulfurized gypsum is calcined, the temperature is raised to 160°C at a rate of 10°C / min and held for 2 hours. When the cement is calcined, the temperature is raised to 1400°C at a rate of 35°C / min and held for 3 hours. The calcined material is taken out and placed in a container, and liquid nitrogen is introduced for rapid cooling to obtain the calcined product.
[0030] In this embodiment, cement and desulfurized gypsum are activated through calcination. After calcination, the cement transforms into a more reactive crystalline structure, rapidly reacting with water to generate hydrated calcium silicate and calcium hydroxide, thus hardening the red mud subgrade material. The desulfurized gypsum, after calcination and dehydration, transforms into hemihydrate gypsum. The hemihydrate gypsum obtained after calcination has a larger specific surface area and more contact area with water, accelerating the hydration reaction and setting speed. Based on the hydrolysis and hydration of desulfurized gypsum combined with the hydration and setting effect of cement, a synergistic cementing reaction occurs with the soil minerals in the red mud subgrade material, forming a cementitious substance that encapsulates the particles, enhancing adhesion, filling pores, and causing the particles to be tightly packed, thereby improving the density of the subgrade.
[0031] (3) After dry mixing the nano-silica, the modified graphene oxide obtained in step (1), the magnesium lithium silicate, and the calcined product obtained in step (2), the mixture is ball-milled for 2 hours at a rotation speed of 60 r / min using a grinding ball with a diameter of 20 mm, and the grinding ball is equivalent to 40% of the total mass of cement, desulfurized gypsum, nano-silica, modified graphene oxide, and magnesium lithium silicate. The powdered treatment agent is obtained. The mass ratio of nano-silica, modified graphene oxide, and magnesium lithium silicate is 1:1:0.5, and the amount of nano-silica added is equivalent to 6% of the total mass of cement and desulfurized gypsum.
[0032] The preparation method of the nano-silica is as follows: silicon tetrachloride is hydrolyzed at 1200°C in an oxyhydrogen flame to generate nanoparticles, which are then collected by a cyclone separator and subjected to deacidification treatment in a deacidification furnace to obtain nano-silica. In this embodiment, the role of adding nano-silica is twofold: firstly, nano-silica reacts with cement hydration product Ca(OH)2 to generate additional CSH gel, filling micropores and thus improving density and enhancing the compressive and tensile strength of the red mud subgrade; secondly, due to the presence of surface hydroxyl groups, nano-silica exhibits good dispersibility, which can improve the dispersibility of the hydration system. Furthermore, it works synergistically with modified graphene oxide and lithium magnesium silicate to optimize the gradation, thereby enhancing the strength of the red mud subgrade.
[0033] In this embodiment, lithium magnesium silicate is introduced, whose Mg... 2+ Neutralizing the negative charge at the edges of red mud particles reduces electrostatic repulsion between particles. Simultaneously, its interlayer Li... + Ca in red mud roadbed materials 2+ / Na + The exchange process enhances the bonding force between particles, effectively filling and reinforcing the fine cracks in the prepared red mud subgrade, reducing subgrade cracking, improving subgrade durability, and ensuring that it can maintain good performance and appearance even after long-term use.
[0034] Example 2
[0035] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a powdered treatment agent based on red mud-based road materials, which includes the following steps:
[0036] (1) Add graphene oxide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride to water, wherein the mass ratio of graphene oxide to hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride is 1:2.4, and the amount of water is equivalent to 1.5 times the total mass of graphene oxide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride. After stirring and mixing for 14 min under ultrasonic power of 160W, place it in a reaction vessel and react at 85℃ for 4 h. After filtration, wash the precipitate with 20% ethanol solution and then dry it at 70℃ to obtain modified graphene oxide.
[0037] (2) Cement and desulfurized gypsum are calcined. The mass ratio of cement to desulfurized gypsum is 1.1:1. The calcination of cement and desulfurized gypsum is carried out separately. When the desulfurized gypsum is calcined, the temperature is raised to 165°C at a rate of 10-15°C / min and held for 3 hours. When the cement is calcined, the temperature is raised to 1485°C at a rate of 45°C / min and held for 4 hours. The calcined material is taken out and placed in a container, and liquid nitrogen is introduced for rapid cooling to obtain the calcined product.
[0038] (3) Same as in Example 1, obtain powdered treatment agent.
[0039] Example 3
[0040] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a powdered treatment agent based on red mud-based road materials, which includes the following steps:
[0041] (1) Add graphene oxide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride to water, wherein the mass ratio of graphene oxide to hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride is 1:2.5, and the amount of water is equivalent to twice the total mass of graphene oxide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride. After stirring and mixing for 13 minutes under ultrasonic power of 150W, place it in a reaction vessel and react at 90℃ for 3 hours. After filtration, wash the precipitate with a 20% ethanol solution and then dry it at 80℃ to obtain modified graphene oxide.
[0042] (2) Cement and desulfurized gypsum are calcined. The mass ratio of cement to desulfurized gypsum is 1:1. The calcination of cement and desulfurized gypsum is carried out separately. When the desulfurized gypsum is calcined, the temperature is raised to 170°C at a rate of 10°C / min and held for 4 hours. When the cement is calcined, the temperature is raised to 1440°C at a rate of 40°C / min and held for 5 hours. The calcined material is taken out and placed in a container, and liquid nitrogen is introduced for rapid cooling to obtain the calcined product.
[0043] (3) After dry mixing the nano-silica, the modified graphene oxide obtained in step (1), the magnesium lithium silicate, and the calcined product obtained in step (2), the mixture is ball-milled for 3 hours at a rotation speed of 70 r / min using a grinding ball with a diameter of 30 mm, and the grinding ball is equivalent to 45% of the total mass of cement, desulfurized gypsum, nano-silica, modified graphene oxide, and magnesium lithium silicate. The powdered treatment agent is obtained. The mass ratio of nano-silica, modified graphene oxide, and magnesium lithium silicate is 1:1.3:0.7, and the amount of nano-silica added is equivalent to 8% of the total mass of cement and desulfurized gypsum.
[0044] The preparation method of the nano-silica is as follows: silicon tetrachloride is hydrolyzed at 1400°C in an oxyhydrogen flame to generate nanoparticles, which are then collected by a cyclone separator and sent to a deacidification furnace for deacidification treatment to obtain nano-silica.
[0045] Example 4
[0046] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a powdered treatment agent based on red mud-based road materials, which includes the following steps:
[0047] (1) Same as in Example 3, modified graphene oxide was obtained.
[0048] (2) Cement and desulfurized gypsum are calcined. The mass ratio of cement to desulfurized gypsum is 1.5:1. The calcination of cement and desulfurized gypsum is carried out separately. When the desulfurized gypsum is calcined, the temperature is raised to 180°C at a rate of 15°C / min and held for 5 hours. When the cement is calcined, the temperature is raised to 1500°C at a rate of 50°C / min and held for 6 hours. The calcined material is taken out and placed in a container, and liquid nitrogen is introduced for rapid cooling to obtain the calcined product.
[0049] (3) After dry mixing the nano-silica, the modified graphene oxide obtained in step (1), the magnesium lithium silicate, and the calcined product obtained in step (2), the mixture is ball-milled for 4 hours at a rotation speed of 80 r / min using a grinding ball with a diameter of 40 mm, and the grinding ball is equivalent to 50% of the total mass of cement, desulfurized gypsum, nano-silica, modified graphene oxide, and magnesium lithium silicate. The powdered treatment agent is obtained. The mass ratio of nano-silica, modified graphene oxide, and magnesium lithium silicate is 1:1.5:1, and the amount of nano-silica added is equivalent to 10% of the total mass of cement and desulfurized gypsum.
[0050] The preparation method of the nano-silica is as follows: silicon tetrachloride is hydrolyzed at 1600°C in an oxyhydrogen flame to generate nanoparticles, which are then collected by a cyclone separator and sent to a deacidification furnace for deacidification treatment to obtain nano-silica.
[0051] Example 5
[0052] This embodiment provides an application of a powdered treatment agent in solidified soil. The specific operation is as follows: Soil and the powdered treatment agent prepared using any one of the methods in Examples 1-4 based on red mud-based road materials are mixed evenly. Water is added and mixing continues to yield fluidized solidified soil. This fluidized solidified soil is then used for backfilling cavities, replacement layers, and roadbed backfilling until it solidifies into solidified soil with a certain strength and deformation modulus. The amount of powdered treatment agent added is 7% to 12% of the soil volume.
[0053] In this embodiment, the powdered treatment agent fixes the free water in the soil through crystallization, forming a network crystalline structure, which solidifies into solidified soil with a certain strength and rigidity, thereby improving the soil's compressive strength, durability, and water stability, and thus improving the soil's engineering performance to meet the strength, bearing capacity, and stability requirements of road, municipal, and water conservancy projects.
[0054] Comparative Example 1
[0055] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that graphene oxide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride are not added. Otherwise, it is the same as Example 3.
[0056] Comparative Example 2
[0057] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride is not introduced to modify the graphene oxide. Otherwise, it is the same as Example 3.
[0058] Comparative Example 3
[0059] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the cement and desulfurized gypsum are not subjected to calcination treatment. Everything else is the same as in Example 3.
[0060] Comparative Example 4
[0061] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that lithium magnesium silicate is not added. Everything else is the same as Example 3.
[0062] The red mud roadbeds treated with the powdered treatment agents obtained in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 of this invention were subjected to freeze-thaw cycle tests according to GB / T 50082-2009, 28-day compressive strength tests according to GB / T 50107-2010, and water resistance tests according to GB / T18173.1-2012. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0063] Table 1. Performance comparison of the powder treatment agents obtained in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 of the present invention.
[0064]
[0065]
[0066] Note: In the table, the higher the rating, the better the waterproof performance.
[0067] Analysis of Table 1 shows that the performance results of Comparative Examples 1-4, which used powdered treatment agents, were significantly lower than those of Example 3. This indicates that graphene oxide, lithium magnesium silicate, and the calcination treatment of cement and desulfurized gypsum have a positive synergistic effect on improving the strength, water resistance, and freeze-thaw resistance of the red mud subgrade. Furthermore, there is a complementary relationship between the increase in subgrade density and the reduction in water penetration and freeze-thaw damage. The strength and water resistance of Comparative Example 1 were slightly lower than those of Comparative Example 2. This is because the introduction of graphene oxide increased the density of the subgrade structure, thereby enhancing its water resistance.
[0068] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. Any simple modifications, alterations, and substitutions made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a powdered treatment agent based on red mud-based road materials, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Add graphene oxide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride to water, and the resulting complex is filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified graphene oxide. (2) Cement and desulfurized gypsum are calcined and then rapidly cooled with liquid nitrogen to obtain the calcined product; (3) After dry mixing the nano-silica, the modified graphene oxide obtained in step (1), the magnesium lithium silicate, and the calcined product obtained in step (2), the mixture is ball-milled to obtain the powder treatment agent.
2. The method for preparing a powdered treatment agent based on red mud-based road materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the mass ratio of graphene oxide to hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride is 1:2 to 3; the amount of water used is equivalent to 1 to 3 times the total mass of graphene oxide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride.
3. The method for preparing a powdered treatment agent based on red mud-based road materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, The graphene oxide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride were added to water, stirred and mixed under ultrasonic conditions, placed in a reaction vessel, and reacted at 80-100℃ for 2-5 hours. After filtration, the precipitate was washed with a 20% ethanol solution and then dried at 60-90℃ to obtain modified graphene oxide. The ultrasonic power is 100-200W, and the mixing time is 10-15 minutes.
4. The method for preparing a powdered treatment agent based on red mud-based road materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the mass ratio of cement to desulfurized gypsum is 0.5 to 1.5:1; the calcination of cement and desulfurized gypsum is carried out separately; when the desulfurized gypsum is calcined, the temperature is raised to 160 to 180°C at a rate of 10 to 15°C / min and held for 2 to 5 hours.
5. The method for preparing a powdered treatment agent based on red mud-based road materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cement is calcined at a rate of 30-50℃ / min to 1400-1500℃ and held at that temperature for 3-6 hours.
6. The method for preparing a powdered treatment agent based on red mud-based road materials according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (2), the calcined material is taken out and placed in a container, and liquid nitrogen is introduced for rapid cooling.
7. The method for preparing a powdered treatment agent based on red mud-based road materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the mass ratio of nano-silica, modified graphene oxide and lithium magnesium silicate is 1:1 to 1.5:0.5 to 1; the amount of nano-silica added is equivalent to 6% to 10% of the total mass of cement and desulfurized gypsum.
8. The method for preparing a powdered treatment agent based on red mud-based road materials according to claim 7, characterized in that, The preparation method of the nano-silica is as follows: silicon tetrachloride is hydrolyzed at high temperature of 1200-1600℃ in an oxyhydrogen flame to generate nanoparticles, which are then collected by a cyclone separator and sent to a deacidification furnace for deacidification treatment to obtain nano-silica.
9. The method for preparing a powdered treatment agent based on red mud-based road materials according to claim 7, characterized in that, The ball milling process is performed at a rotation speed of 60–80 r / min for 2–4 h. The diameter of the grinding balls used in the ball milling process is 20–40 mm, and the grinding balls are equivalent to 40–50% of the total mass of cement, desulfurized gypsum, nano-silica, modified graphene oxide, and lithium magnesium silicate.
10. The application of a powdered treatment agent prepared by any one of claims 1 to 9 in solidified soil.