Connecting rod type electric control multi-stage reducing centralizer

Abstract

The invention provides a tool applied to the field of petroleum drilling, and particularly relates to a connecting rod type electric control multistage variable-diameter centralizer which is characterized in that an execution module and a communication module are core modules of the connecting rod type electric control multistage variable-diameter centralizer, and the execution module comprises a stroke control unit and a push-out unit; the stroke control unit enables an upper conduction section to move downwards through the pressure of drilling fluid, an armature extends out and is clamped into a key hole under the action of electromagnets to achieve stroke control, the three electromagnets are controlled on the ground to be electrified to achieve multi-stage diameter changing, and the push-out unit moves downwards through a connecting rod driving section, so that a push-out rod horizontally pushes out a centralizing block. The tool is located in the center of a shaft, the communication module enables the lower conduction section to move downwards through the pressure of drilling fluid, and therefore the pressurizing block is pushed to stretch out inwards, the pressure of the drilling fluid is increased, and the ground can know whether centralizing is in place or not by capturing a pressure signal of the drilling fluid. Multi-stage reducing can be provided, the tripping frequency is reduced, and the drilling efficiency is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention is applicable to the field of oil drilling, and specifically relates to a linkage-type electrically controlled multi-stage variable diameter centralizer. Background Technology

[0002] During oil drilling operations, the drill string is prone to deviation and skewness due to the combined effects of formation heterogeneity and the complexity of the wellbore trajectory. This problem not only causes the wellbore trajectory to deviate from the preset path but may also induce various drilling accidents such as wellbore collapse and stuck pipe, thus adversely affecting the overall efficiency and safety of drilling operations. To effectively solve these problems, downhole stabilizers have emerged.

[0003] The conventional fixed stabilizers currently in widespread use have significant limitations in practical applications. Replacement is only possible during tripping out of the wellbore. However, frequent tripping out and tripping operations can easily lead to problems such as wellbore wall scraping and piston-pulling effects. This not only prolongs the soaking time of drilling mud on the wellbore wall and reduces drilling efficiency, but more seriously, such operations can cause wellbore instability, leading to complex and dangerous drilling conditions such as well collapse and blowouts. Because the centralizing status of conventional fixed stabilizers cannot be confirmed, problems such as the centralizer not deploying or spring breakage can result in insufficient casing centering, increasing the risk of poor wellbore quality, increased friction and torque, and stuck pipe.

[0004] Therefore, in oil and gas extraction operations with complex environments, there is an urgent need for a variable-diameter centralizer that can transmit signals and effectively avoid accident risks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to propose a linkage-type electrically controlled multi-stage variable diameter centralizer to solve the problems mentioned above. It can adjust its outer diameter through remote control or downhole automatic control to control the well inclination angle, making the drilling process more stable and safe, and improving drilling efficiency.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a linkage-type electrically controlled multi-stage variable diameter centralizer, characterized in that: the linkage-type electrically controlled multi-stage variable diameter centralizer includes a connection module, an execution module, a control module, and a communication module; The connection module includes an upper connector, an upper outer shell, a lower outer shell, and a lower connector. The upper connector is connected to the upper outer shell by a thread, the upper outer shell is connected to the middle outer shell by a thread, the lower outer shell is connected to the outer shell adapter section by a thread, and the lower connector is connected to the lower outer shell and the spindle by a thread. The execution module includes a stroke control unit and an ejection unit. The stroke control unit includes a guide section, solenoid valve A, solenoid valve B, upper transmission section, upper spring, load-bearing section, slide key A, armature, electromagnet, electromagnet cover plate, armature return spring, connecting rod drive section, and upper cover plate. The straightening block ejection unit includes a middle spring, middle housing, ejection rod, auxiliary rod, straightening block, and lower support section. The guide section is connected to the upper connector and the load-bearing section by threads. The upper part of the guide section has four guide section channels evenly distributed circumferentially. Solenoid valve A is fixed to the inside of the upper housing by bolts and connected to the upper outer housing. The shell and flow channel are concentric, used to control drilling fluid discharge. Solenoid valve B is bolted to the inside of the guide section, concentric with the guide section flow channel, used to control drilling fluid inflow into the annulus. The upper transmission section is installed in the annular space formed by the upper shell and the guide section, and its lower end is threaded to the connecting rod drive section. The upper spring is installed in the spring grooves of the upper transmission section and the bearing section. The lower end of the bearing section is threaded to the mandrel. Three axially evenly distributed and four circumferentially evenly distributed electromagnet shell bosses are provided on the surface of the bearing section for fixing the electromagnet. Sliding key A is installed in the sliding groove inside the upper shell to limit the axial movement of the upper transmission section. To move and prevent circumferential rotation of the upper conduction section, the armature and electromagnet are fitted with a clearance fit. When the electromagnet is energized, the armature extends and engages in the keyhole of the upper conduction section to achieve stroke control. The electromagnet cover plate is connected to the boss of the electromagnet housing of the bearing section by screws. The armature return spring is installed between the armature and the electromagnet cover plate for armature reset. The connecting rod drive section is connected to the upper conduction section by threads and has a lug structure at the lower end, with two lugs as a group, four groups evenly distributed circumferentially, for connection with the push rod. The upper cover plate is connected to the middle housing by threads for sealing, keeping the inner groove of the upper housing dry and Lubrication; the middle spring is installed in the spring groove of the connecting rod drive section and the lower support section. The middle outer shell is connected to the outer shell transition section by threads. There are 4 evenly distributed straightening block grooves on the surface. The upper end of the push rod is connected to the connecting rod drive section by a pin for pushing out the straightening block. The auxiliary rod is connected to the lower support section and the push rod by pins respectively to make the push rod push out more smoothly. The straightening block is connected to the push rod by a pin to keep the drill string in the center when it extends. The lower support section is connected to the outer shell transition section by threads. The upper end has a lug structure, two as a group, with 4 groups evenly distributed around the circumference for connecting with the auxiliary rod. The control module includes a main control unit, battery pack B, a control base, a distance sensor, and battery pack A. The main control unit is installed inside the control base with screws. The main control unit includes an MCU, an amplifier circuit, a filter circuit, a voltage regulator circuit, and is integrated into the PCB board. The distance sensor transmits the current distance information to the MCU. When the value is stable and reaches a predetermined value, the MCU controls solenoid valve B to close and solenoid valve C to open, causing the pressure inside the drill string to increase and the ground to obtain a pressure signal. Battery pack B is installed inside the control base with screws and supplies power to solenoid valves C and D through wires. All wire connections are waterproofed. The control base is connected to the outer shell adapter section through threads. The distance sensor is connected to battery pack A through tape. Battery pack A is installed in the battery boss of the bearing section with screws. The communication module includes solenoid valve C, solenoid valve D, lower transmission section, slide key B, lower spring, housing transition section, pressure boosting block, pressure boosting block return spring, spring fixing shaft, and mandrel. Solenoid valve C is bolted to the inside of the mandrel and is concentric with the mandrel flow channel, used to control the flow of drilling fluid into the annulus. The lower transmission section is installed in the annular space formed by the mandrel and the housing transition section, with its lower end inclined and in contact with the pressure boosting block. When the lower transmission section moves downward, it causes the pressure boosting block to move inward, increasing the pressure inside the drill string. The pressure signal is then received at the surface for signal transmission. Solenoid valve D is bolted to the inside of the housing transition section. The flow channel of the outer casing transition section is concentric with the flow channel and is used to control the discharge of drilling fluid. The sliding key B is installed in the inner groove of the outer casing transition section to limit the axial movement of the lower transmission section and prevent the axial rotation of the lower transmission section. The lower spring is installed in the spring groove of the lower transmission section and the mandrel. The outer casing transition section is connected to the middle and lower outer casings by threads. The lower end of the booster block has a T-shaped boss that mates with the T-shaped groove of the lower outer casing for guiding the movement of the booster block. The booster block reset spring is installed in the T-shaped groove of the lower outer casing for resetting the booster block. The spring fixing shaft is connected to the booster block and the mandrel by threads. The mandrel is connected to the lower connector by threads.

[0007] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the slide key A, the push rod, the auxiliary rod, the straightening block, the slide key B, and the pressure boosting block are evenly distributed in four groups in the circumferential direction.

[0008] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the bearing section has 3 bearing sections evenly distributed axially and 4 groups evenly distributed circumferentially, which are used to fix the electromagnet part. The battery slot of the bearing section is staggered with the boss of the electromagnet shell at 45°, which is used to place the distance sensor and the battery pack A.

[0009] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the upper inclined surface of the booster block is arc-shaped, which facilitates close contact with the lower transmission section. The front protrusion of the booster block is at a certain angle, so that after the booster block is pushed out, it can form a drilling fluid channel with a smaller diameter, which can better transmit signals and does not block the drilling fluid.

[0010] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the upper spring, middle spring, lower spring, pressure block return spring, and armature return spring are all made of alloy steel and are processed by hot rolling.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By controlling the stroke with an electromagnet, the system can achieve the function of straightening and stabilizing three different diameters to adapt to different pipe diameters.

[0012] 2. The inflow and outflow of drilling fluid are controlled by a solenoid valve to switch between the uprighting and recovery states.

[0013] 3. By extending the booster block inward, the drilling fluid pressure is increased to enable signal transmission to the surface. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 Axonometric drawing of the guide section; Figure 3 This is an isometric view of the upper outer shell; Figure 4 Axonometric drawing of the load-bearing section; Figure 5 Isometric drawing of the connecting rod drive section; Figure 6 This is an isometric drawing of the lower support section; Figure 7 Diagram showing the extension and retraction of the booster block; Figure 8 Execution flowchart; In the diagram: 1-Upper connector, 2-Upper housing, 3-Guide section, 4-Solenoid valve A, 5-Solenoid valve B, 6-Upper conduction section, 7-Upper spring, 8-Bearing section, 801-Bearing section electromagnet housing boss, 802-Bearing section battery boss, 9-Slide key A, 10-Armature, 11-Electromagnet, 12-Electromagnet cover plate, 13-Armature return spring, 14-Distance sensor, 15-Battery pack A, 16-Linkage drive section, 1601-Linkage drive section lug structure, 17-Upper cover plate, 18-Middle spring, 19-Middle housing, 20-Push-out rod, 2 1-Auxiliary rod, 22-Straightening block, 23-Lower support section, 2301-Lower support section lug structure, 24-Control unit, 25-Battery pack B, 26-Control base, 27-Solenoid valve C, 28-Solenoid valve D, 29-Lower conduction section, 30-Slide key B, 31-Lower spring, 32-Outer shell adapter section, 33-Pressure booster block, 3301-Pressure booster block T-shaped boss, 3302-Pressure booster block upper inclined surface, 3303-Pressure booster block front boss, 34-Pressure booster block return spring, 35-Spring fixing shaft, 36-Mandrel, 37-Lower outer shell, 38-Lower connector. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only a part of the present invention, and not all of it. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments without creative effort are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0016] Reference Figure 1 A linkage-type electrically controlled multi-stage variable diameter centralizer, characterized in that: the linkage-type electrically controlled multi-stage variable diameter centralizer includes a connection module, an execution module, a control module, and a communication module; The connection module includes an upper connector 1, an upper outer shell 2, a lower outer shell 37, and a lower connector 38. The upper connector 1 is connected to the upper outer shell 2 by a thread, the upper outer shell 2 is connected to the middle outer shell 19 by a thread, the lower outer shell 37 is connected to the outer shell adapter section 32 by a thread, and the lower connector 38 is connected to the lower outer shell 37 and the spindle 36 by a thread. The execution module includes a stroke control unit and an ejection unit. The stroke control unit includes a guide section 3, solenoid valve A4, solenoid valve B5, upper transmission section 6, upper spring 7, bearing section 8, slide key A9, armature 10, electromagnet 11, electromagnet cover plate 12, armature return spring 13, connecting rod drive section 16, and upper cover plate 17. The straightening block ejection unit includes a middle spring 18, middle outer shell 19, ejection rod 20, auxiliary rod 21, straightening block 22, and lower support section 23. The guide section 3 is connected to the upper connector 1 and the bearing section 8 by threads. The upper part of the guide section 3 has four guide section channels 301 evenly distributed around the circumference. The solenoid valve A4 is fixed to the inside of the upper outer shell 2 by bolts. The upper housing flow channel 201 is concentric with the upper housing flow channel 301 and is used to control the discharge of drilling fluid. The solenoid valve B5 is bolted to the inner side of the guide section 3, concentric with the guide section flow channel 301, and is used to control the flow of drilling fluid into the annulus. The upper transmission section 6 is installed in the annular space formed by the upper housing 2 and the guide section 3, and its lower end is threaded to the connecting rod drive section 16. The upper spring 7 is installed in the spring grooves of the upper transmission section 6 and the bearing section 8. The lower end of the bearing section 8 is threaded to the spindle 36. Three axially evenly distributed electromagnet housing bosses 801 and four circumferentially evenly distributed bosses 801 are provided on the surface of the bearing section 8 to fix the electromagnet. The sliding key A9 is installed in the sliding groove 202 inside the upper housing to limit the axial movement of the upper transmission section 6. To prevent the upper conduction section 6 from rotating circumferentially, the armature 10 and electromagnet 11 are fitted with a clearance. When the electromagnet 11 is energized, the armature 10 extends and engages in the keyhole of the upper conduction section 6 to achieve stroke control. The electromagnet cover plate 12 is connected to the boss 801 of the electromagnet housing of the bearing section by screws. The armature return spring 13 is installed between the armature 10 and the electromagnet cover plate 12 for resetting the armature 10. The connecting rod drive section 16 is connected to the upper conduction section 6 by threads and has a lug structure 1601 at the lower end, with two lugs as a group, four groups evenly distributed circumferentially, for connecting with the push rod 20. The upper cover plate 17 is connected to the middle housing 19 by threads for sealing, keeping the inner sliding groove 202 of the upper housing dry and Lubrication; the middle spring 18 is installed in the spring groove of the connecting rod drive section 16 and the lower support section 23. The middle outer shell 19 is connected to the outer shell transition section 32 by threads. Four evenly distributed straightening block grooves are opened on the surface. The upper end of the push rod 20 is connected to the connecting rod drive section 16 by a pin for pushing out the straightening block. The auxiliary rod 21 is connected to the lower support section 23 and the push rod 20 by pins respectively, so that the push rod 20 pushes out more smoothly. The straightening block 22 is connected to the push rod 20 by a pin, so that the drill string stays in the center when it extends. The lower support section 23 is connected to the outer shell transition section 32 by threads. The upper end has a lug structure 2301, two as a group, four groups evenly distributed in the circumference, for connecting with the auxiliary rod 21. The control module includes a main control unit 24, a battery pack B25, a control base 26, a distance sensor 14, and a battery pack A15. The main control unit 24 is installed inside the control base 26 with screws. The main control unit 24 includes an MCU, an amplifier circuit, a filter circuit, a voltage regulator circuit, and is integrated into the PCB board. The distance sensor 14 transmits the current distance information to the MCU. When the value is stable and reaches a predetermined value, the MCU controls the solenoid valve B5 to close and the solenoid valve C27 to open, which increases the pressure inside the drill string and obtains a pressure signal from the ground. The battery pack B25 is installed inside the control base 26 with screws and supplies power to the solenoid valves C27 and D28 through wires. All wire connections are waterproofed. The control base 26 is connected to the outer shell adapter section 32 through threads. The distance sensor 14 is connected to the battery pack A15 through tape. The battery pack A15 is installed in the battery boss 802 of the bearing section with screws. The communication module includes a solenoid valve C27, a solenoid valve D28, a lower transmission section 29, a slide key B30, a lower spring 31, a housing adapter section 32, a pressure boosting block 33, a pressure boosting block return spring 34, a spring fixing shaft 35, and a spindle 36. The solenoid valve C27 is bolted to the inside of the spindle 36 and is concentric with the spindle flow channel, used to control the flow of drilling fluid into the annulus. The lower transmission section 29 is installed in the annular space formed by the spindle 36 and the housing adapter section 32, with its lower end inclined and in contact with the pressure boosting block 33. When the lower transmission section 29 moves downward, it causes the pressure boosting block 33 to move inward, increasing the pressure inside the drill string. The pressure signal is then acquired at the surface for signal transmission. The solenoid valve D28 is bolted to the inside of the housing adapter section 32 and is connected to the outer... The flow channels of the shell transition section are concentric and used to control the discharge of drilling fluid. The sliding key B30 is installed in the inner groove of the shell transition section 32 to limit the axial movement of the lower transmission section 29 and prevent the axial rotation of the lower transmission section 29. The lower spring 31 is installed in the spring groove of the lower transmission section 29 and the spindle 36. The shell transition section 32 is connected to the middle shell 19 and the lower shell 37 by threads. The lower end of the pressure block 33 has a T-shaped boss 3901 that cooperates with the T-shaped groove of the lower shell 37 for guiding the movement of the pressure block 33. The pressure block reset spring 34 is installed in the T-shaped groove of the lower shell 37 for resetting the pressure block 33. The spring fixing shaft 35 is connected to the pressure block 33 and the spindle 36 by threads. The spindle 36 is connected to the lower connector 38 by threads.

[0017] Reference Figure 8In one specific embodiment, the required variable diameter size of the centralizer is selected, and the linkage-type electrically controlled multi-stage variable diameter centralizer is lowered into the well. Through remote control from the ground, the corresponding electromagnet 11 is energized, and simultaneously, the solenoid valve B5 is energized and opened. Drilling fluid enters the upper inlet chamber formed by the guide section 3, upper housing 2, upper connector 1, and upper transmission section 6. The upper transmission section 6 and the connecting rod drive section 16 move downwards under the pressure of the drilling fluid, thereby causing the push rod 20 to horizontally push out the centralizer block 22 to achieve centralization. Under the action of the electromagnet 11, the armature 10 extends and engages in the keyhole to achieve stroke control. The three armatures 10 correspond to three different centralization diameters, achieving multi-stage variable diameter. The upper transmission section 6 and the connecting rod drive section 16 are fixed, the centralizer block 22 stops pushing out, and the distance sensor 14 detects the distance and transmits it back to the control system. Unit 24: When the value stabilizes and reaches the preset value, the control unit 24 controls the solenoid valve B5 to be de-energized and closed, while simultaneously opening the solenoid valve C27, allowing drilling fluid to enter the lower inlet chamber formed by the outer casing transition section 32, the lower transmission section 29, and the mandrel 36. This causes the lower transmission section 29 to move downward, thereby pushing the pressure booster block 33 inward, increasing the drilling fluid pressure and initiating signal transmission. After 15 seconds, the solenoid valve C27 is closed and the solenoid valve D28 is opened to prevent continuous high pressure in the drill string from causing serious risks such as leakage, blowout, and stuck pipe. Under the action of the lower spring 31, the drilling fluid in the lower inlet chamber is discharged, and signal transmission ends. The surface can detect whether the alignment is in place by capturing the drilling fluid pressure signal, which can reduce the risks of poor wellbore quality, increased friction and torque, and stuck pipe, and improve drilling efficiency. When the linkage-type electrically controlled multi-stage variable diameter stabilizer finishes working, firstly, the electromagnet 11 is de-energized, the armature 10 is reset under the action of the armature reset spring 13, the solenoid valve A4 is opened, and under the action of the upper spring 7, the upper transmission section 6 and the linkage drive section 16 move upward, the drilling fluid in the upper fluid inlet chamber is discharged, and the stabilizer block 22 is reset.

Claims

1. A linkage-controlled multi-stage variable-diameter centralizer, characterized in that: The connecting rod type electric control multi-stage variable-diameter centralizer comprises a connecting module, an executing module, a control module and a communication module. The connecting module comprises an upper joint (1), an upper shell (2), a lower shell (37), a lower joint (38), the upper joint (1) is connected with the upper shell (2) through threads, the upper shell (2) is connected with the middle shell (19) through threads, the lower shell (37) is connected with the shell adapter (32) through threads, and the lower joint (38) is connected with the lower shell (37) and the mandrel (36) through threads; The execution module includes a stroke control unit and a pushing-out unit. The stroke control unit includes a flow guide section (3), an electromagnetic valve A (4), an electromagnetic valve B (5), an upper conducting section (6), an upper spring (7), a bearing section (8), a sliding key A (9), an armature (10), an electromagnet (11), an electromagnet cover plate (12), an armature reset spring (13), a connecting rod driving section (16), and an upper cover plate (17). The centralizing block pushing-out unit includes a middle spring (18), a middle housing (19), a pushing-out rod (20), an auxiliary rod (21), a centralizing block (22), and a lower support section (23). The flow guide section (3) is connected with the upper joint (1) and the bearing section (8) through threads. The upper part of the flow guide section (3) has flow guide section flow channels (301) and is uniformly distributed with four flow guide section flow channels (301) in the circumferential direction. The electromagnetic valve A (4) is fixed in the upper housing (2) through bolts and is concentric with the upper housing flow channel (201) for controlling the discharge of drilling fluid. The electromagnetic valve B (5) is fixed in the flow guide section (3) through bolts and is concentric with the flow guide section flow channel (301) for controlling the inflow of drilling fluid into the annulus. The upper conducting section (6) is installed in the annular space formed by the upper housing (2) and the flow guide section (3). The lower end of the upper conducting section (6) is connected with the connecting rod driving section (16) through threads. The upper spring (7) is installed in the spring groove of the upper conducting section (6) and the bearing section (8). The lower end of the bearing section (8) is connected with the mandrel (36) through threads. The surface of the bearing section (8) is provided with three electromagnet housing bosses (801) axially distributed and four groups of electromagnet housing bosses (801) circumferentially distributed for fixing the electromagnet part. The sliding key A (9) is installed in the sliding groove (202) in the inner side of the upper housing for limiting the axial movement of the upper conducting section (6) and preventing the circumferential rotation of the upper conducting section (6). The armature (10) and the electromagnet (11) are gap matched. When the electromagnet (11) is powered, the armature (10) extends and is clamped into the key hole of the upper conducting section (6) to realize stroke control. The electromagnet cover plate (12) is connected with the bearing section electromagnet housing boss (801) through screws. The armature reset spring (13) is installed between the armature (10) and the electromagnet cover plate (12) for resetting the armature (10). The connecting rod driving section (16) is connected with the upper conducting section (6) through threads. The lower end has lug structures (1601) which are circumferentially distributed in four groups for connecting with the pushing-out rod (20). The upper cover plate (17) is connected with the middle housing (19) through threads for sealing, keeping the sliding groove (202) in the inner side of the upper housing dry and lubricated.The middle spring (18) is installed in the spring groove of the connecting rod driving section (16) and the lower supporting section (23), the middle shell (19) is connected with the shell adapter section (32) through threads, and four uniformly distributed righting block grooves are formed on the surface; the upper end of the push-out rod (20) is connected with the connecting rod driving section (16) through a pin, used for pushing out the righting block, the auxiliary rod (21) is connected with the lower supporting section (23) and the push-out rod (20) through pins, so that the push-out movement of the push-out rod (20) is more smooth, the righting block (22) is connected with the push-out rod (20) through a pin, and when the righting block (22) is extended, the drill string is kept in the middle, the lower supporting section (23) is connected with the shell adapter section (32) through threads, and the upper end has lug structures (2301), two for a group, and four groups are uniformly distributed in the circumference, used for being connected with the auxiliary rod (21); The control module comprises a main control unit (24), a battery group B (25), a control base (26), a distance sensor (14) and a battery group A (15), the main control unit (24) is installed in the control base (26) through screws, the main control unit (24) comprises an MCU, an amplifying circuit, a filtering circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit and a PCB board, the distance sensor (14) transmits current distance information to the MCU, when the value is stable and reaches a predetermined value, the MCU controls the electromagnetic valve B (5) to be closed and the electromagnetic valve C (27) to be opened, so that the pressure in the drill string is increased, the ground obtains a pressure signal, the battery group B (25) is installed in the control base (26) through screws, and the electromagnetic valve C (27) and the electromagnetic valve D (28) are powered through wires, the wire connection parts are waterproof, the control base (26) is connected with the shell adapter (32) through threads, the distance sensor (14) is connected with the battery group A (15) through adhesive tape, and the battery group A (15) is installed in the bearing section battery boss (802) through screws. The communication module includes electromagnetic valve C (27), electromagnetic valve D (28), lower transmission section (29), sliding key B (30), lower spring (31), shell adapter section (32), pressure boosting block (33), pressure boosting block return spring (34), spring fixing shaft (35), mandrel (36), the electromagnetic valve C (27) is fixed in the inside of mandrel (36) by bolt, is concentric with mandrel flow channel, is used for controlling drilling fluid to flow into annulus, lower transmission section (29) is installed in the annular space formed by mandrel (36) and shell adapter section (32), and the lower end is inclined and contacted with pressure boosting block (33), when lower transmission section (29) moves downward, makes pressure boosting block (33) move inward, promotes the pressure rise in drill string, and ground obtains pressure signal to realize signal transmission, electromagnetic valve D (28) is fixed in the inside of shell adapter section (32) by bolt, is concentric with shell adapter section flow channel, is used for controlling drilling fluid to discharge, sliding key B (30) is installed in the sliding slot in the inside of shell adapter section (32), is used for limiting the axial movement of lower transmission section (29) and preventing the axial rotation of lower transmission section (29), lower spring (31) is installed in the spring groove of lower transmission section (29) and mandrel (36), shell adapter section (32) is connected with middle shell (19) and lower shell (37) by thread, the lower end of pressure boosting block (33) has T-shaped boss (3901) and is matched with the T-shaped slot of lower shell (37), is used for the movement guide of pressure boosting block (33), pressure boosting block return spring (34) is installed in the T-shaped slot of lower shell (37), is used for the reset of pressure boosting block (33), spring fixing shaft (35) is connected with pressure boosting block (33) and mandrel (36) by thread, and mandrel (36) is connected with lower joint (38) by thread.

2. The linkage-controlled multi-stage variable-diameter centralizer of claim 1, wherein: The sliding key A (9), push-out rod (20), auxiliary rod (21), centralizing block (22), sliding key B (30) and pressure boosting block (33) are circumferentially distributed in four groups.

3. The linkage-controlled multi-stage variable-diameter centralizer of claim 1, wherein: The bearing section (8) has three axially distributed bearing sections, and four circumferentially distributed groups are used for fixing electromagnet parts, bearing section battery groove (802) and electromagnet shell boss (801) are staggered by 45 °, and are used for placing distance sensor (14) and battery group A (15).

4. The linkage-controlled multi-stage variable-diameter centralizer of claim 1, wherein: The upper inclined surface (3902) of the pressure boosting block is arc-shaped, which is beneficial to close contact with the lower transmission section (29), the front boss (3903) of the pressure boosting block is at a certain angle, so that a smaller diameter drilling fluid passage can be formed after the pressure boosting block (33) is pushed out, which can better transmit signals and not block the drilling fluid.

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