Super-maneuvering type full-face tunneling machine and tunneling method

Abstract

The invention discloses a super-maneuvering type full-face tunneling machine and a tunneling method, and solves the problems that a coal mine TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) in the prior art is relatively long in whole machine, difficult to retreat and incapable of realizing one-machine multi-chamber operation. The tunneling machine comprises main machine tunneling units and a power supply unit which are arranged in a split mode, the power supply unit is connected with the N main machine tunneling units through a variable-length supply pipeline system, N is larger than or equal to 1, and in the tunneling process of the main machine tunneling units, the working position of the power supply unit is relatively fixed; and the variable-length supply pipeline system is synchronously prolonged along with tunneling of the main machine tunneling unit. The main machine and the power supply unit of the heading machine are separated, an assembling chamber is short in length, the main machine is assembled quickly, and the maneuverability of the main machine is higher; a variable-length supply pipeline system is adopted, long-distance liquid supply and remote control are achieved, and a main machine can rapidly retreat through reducing; and later matching can be used for synchronous construction of a plurality of hosts, so that multi-host multi-chamber multi-machine synchronous construction is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a full-face tunneling machine and tunneling method. Background Technology

[0002] Full-face tunneling machines (TBMs) can perform continuous cyclic operations such as rock breaking, propulsion, muck removal, support, and ventilation. They have good tunneling effect, high tunneling efficiency, safety, high efficiency, economy, and environmental protection, and are widely used in tunnel construction in water conservancy, railway, rail transit, coal mines, and metal mines.

[0003] In coal mines, metal mines, and pumped storage tunnel projects, short-distance tunnels are the most common. According to incomplete statistics, short-distance rock tunnels (300m–1600m) account for 58% of the total length of rock tunnels in my country, representing a significant proportion of the total engineering volume. Due to the short distance of these tunnels, the production and assembly cycle using roadheaders is long, resulting in poor overall efficiency. Currently, traditional drill-and-blast methods are widely used. According to statistics on rock tunnel excavation footage in the coal industry in recent years, the average monthly footage is between 60m and 70m. When encountering special geological conditions such as steep inclines or complex roofs, the average monthly footage is only between 40m and 50m. This results in problems such as low excavation footage, low mechanization, high safety risks, high labor intensity for workers, a large workforce, and poor tunnel quality. With the introduction of TBM technology into the coal mining sector in recent years, coal mine TBMs, with their safety, efficiency, environmental friendliness, and high quality, have been rapidly adopted in coal mine rock tunnel development. Coal mine TBMs are mainly used for tunneling in coal mines, including auxiliary inclined shafts, return airways, track roadways, main transport roadways, and gas control drainage roadways. The existing mining TBM method has several drawbacks. The TBM is long (approximately 100m), requiring complete assembly before forward excavation, resulting in lengthy assembly times. Furthermore, due to its length, underground assembly requires a chamber exceeding 100 meters, leading to significant workload. Once the TBM reaches the end of the roadway, it can only be dismantled in place, making dismantling cumbersome and labor-intensive. When multiple parallel roadways exist, each can only be excavated individually, or multiple mining TBMs can be purchased, preventing parallel operation of a single machine in multiple roadways and wasting time and resources. Considering factors such as the economic efficiency of coal mine rock tunnel excavation, average advance, and auxiliary engineering work, existing mining TBMs are more suitable for rapid excavation of long-distance rock tunnels (length greater than 2500m) in coal mines. For the excavation of a large number of short-distance rock tunnels with a length of 300-1600m in coal mines, it has become a major problem that seriously restricts and affects the continuity of mining and production capacity.

[0004] In recent years, with the changing demands of tunnel boring machine (TBM) applications, mobile TBMs have emerged, such as the mobile TBM and TBM tunneling method disclosed in CN114876481A. This mobile TBM includes a main unit and a supporting system located behind the main unit, with corresponding supporting trolleys forming modular trolleys. The modular trolleys are equipped with connection joints for connecting auxiliary equipment on the modular trolleys to external equipment to achieve electrical and / or hydraulic circuit conduction. Each modular trolley is equipped with an independent single-section belt conveyor. However, it is understood that although this mobile TBM has a certain degree of mobility and flexibility, its overall length still exceeds 50 meters, and there are still many components that need to be assembled inside the tunnel. It still faces challenges such as difficulties in transporting components into the mine, a large amount of underground assembly and dismantling work in the tunnel, the need for in-situ dismantling after tunneling to the end point, and the inability to operate a single machine in a single tunnel, thus preventing multi-tunnel operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings in the aforementioned background technology, this invention proposes a super-mobile full-face tunneling machine and tunneling method, which solves the problems of existing coal mine TBMs being too long, difficult to retreat, and unable to achieve multi-tunnel operation.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: A highly mobile full-face tunneling machine includes a main tunneling unit and a power supply unit, which are separately configured. The power supply unit is connected to N main tunneling units via a variable-length supply pipeline system, where N is greater than or equal to 1. During the tunneling process of the main tunneling units, the variable-length supply pipeline system extends synchronously with the tunneling of the main tunneling units. The tunneling machine adopts a separation of the main tunneling unit and the power supply unit, which enhances its mobility; the use of a variable-length supply pipeline system enables long-distance fluid supply and remote control; the power supply unit can support multiple main tunneling units to operate simultaneously, realizing "multi-machine" synchronous construction with multiple main tunneling units and multiple chambers.

[0007] Further optimization involves connecting the folded and grouped pipelines in series via a splicing device, enabling the variable-length supply pipeline system to extend synchronously with the tunneling of the main excavating unit. Specifically, the splicing device includes a pipeline extension mechanism. The folded and grouped pipelines consist of several pipeline assemblies, with adjacent pipeline assemblies connected via multi-port joints. The pipeline extension mechanism connects to the pipeline assemblies and drags them along pipeline tracks set on the tunnel wall. The head of the pipeline assembly is connected to the main excavating unit, and the tail of the pipeline assembly is connected to the power supply unit, thus achieving long-distance power supply.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the tail-end pipeline assembly is connected to the hydraulic pump station of the power supply unit via an intermittent fluid supply structure. The intermittent fluid supply structure includes a first multi-port connector located at the rear of the tail-end pipeline assembly, which is connected to a fixed multi-port connector located on the hydraulic pump station via a first main pipeline group. When a new pipeline assembly is connected, after the new pipeline assembly is filled with fluid, it is connected to the fixed multi-port connector via a second multi-port connector and a second main pipeline group located at the rear of the new pipeline assembly. This method enables short-term intermittent fluid supply from the hydraulic pump to the main tunneling unit.

[0009] As another preferred method, the pipeline assembly at the tail end is connected to the hydraulic pump station of the power supply unit via an uninterrupted fluid supply structure. The uninterrupted fluid supply structure includes the pipeline assembly to be connected and a first multi-port connector located at the rear of the pipeline assembly. The first multi-port connector is connected to a fixed multi-port connector I located on the hydraulic pump station via a first main pipeline assembly. A first overflow pipeline is provided between the fixed multi-port connector I and the hydraulic pump station. A second multi-port connector located at the rear of the pipeline assembly to be connected is connected to a fixed multi-port connector II located on the hydraulic pump station via a second main pipeline assembly. A second overflow pipeline is provided between the fixed multi-port connector II and the hydraulic pump station. This method enables uninterrupted fluid supply from the hydraulic pump to the main tunneling unit.

[0010] Further optimization involves the first overflow pipeline corresponding to the first oil pump of the hydraulic pump station, and a first electric directional valve being installed on the pipeline between the first overflow pipeline and the fixed multi-port connector I; the second overflow pipeline corresponding to the second oil pump of the hydraulic pump station, and a second electric directional valve being installed on the pipeline between the second overflow pipeline and the fixed multi-port connector II; the electric directional valve facilitates the control of the on / off state of the overflow pipeline.

[0011] In a further preferred embodiment, the pipeline extension mechanism includes a monorail crane, the pipeline track is a segmented crane beam, the monorail crane is mounted on the crane beam, and the monorail crane is connected to the pipeline assembly at the head; the pipeline track is equipped with a limit brake to restrict the movement of the pipeline assembly.

[0012] Further preferably, the pipeline group includes a supply pipeline, to which several pipeline tow ropes are connected. The pipeline tow ropes are slidably or rolllly connected to the crane beam, and adjacent pipeline tow ropes are connected by tension ropes; thus realizing the synchronous movement of the tow ropes and ensuring that the supply pipeline extends synchronously with the tunneling.

[0013] Further preferably, the pipeline track is also equipped with a retraction device at the tail end; the retraction device includes a winch, which is located at the rear end of the pipeline track, and a steel wire rope is wound on the winch. The free end of the steel wire rope is detachably connected to the pipeline drag bar of the pipeline assembly at the head; thus realizing the rapid retraction of the pipeline.

[0014] Further preferably, the main excavation unit includes a foldable cutterhead and a variable-diameter shield. The variable-diameter shield is connected to the main drive, and the foldable cutterhead is connected to the main drive mounted on the main beam. The main beam is equipped with support shoes and a belt conveyor. A self-moving trolley is connected to the rear of the main beam. The self-moving trolley is equipped with a main pipeline front transition plate connected to the variable-length supply pipeline system. The convenient diameter reduction technology of the cutterhead and shield enables rapid retraction of the main excavation unit in the blind tunnel.

[0015] Further preferably, the foldable cutterhead includes a central block and M side blocks, where M is an even number greater than or equal to 4. The M side blocks are sequentially hinged to the outer periphery of the central block. Corresponding folding drive components are provided between the M side blocks and the central block. Under the action of the corresponding folding drive components, the M side blocks fold forward or backward relative to the central block, with adjacent side blocks folding in opposite directions. The cutterhead achieves diameter variation through a cross-folding method, resulting in a large diameter variation range and facilitating rapid retraction of the tunneling machine.

[0016] Further preferred, the side block is provided with an enlargement mechanism; the enlargement mechanism includes a roller cutter and a cutter groove provided on the side block; the roller cutter is fixed on the cutter shaft, the roller cutter and the cutter shaft are located in the cutter groove, and the cutter shaft is connected to the cutter groove through a cutter shaft pad; when the cutter shaft pad is added, the cutter shaft drives the roller cutter to lift and enlarge the excavation; providing space for the cutter head to fold and change diameter, avoiding interference.

[0017] Further optimized, the M edge blocks are divided into front-folding edge blocks and rear-folding edge blocks; the center block is a corresponding regular M-sided block; the folding drive corresponding to the front-folding edge block is a front-folding drive, and the folding drive corresponding to the rear-folding edge block is a rear-folding drive; the front panel of the front-folding edge block is hinged to the front of the center block via a first hinge joint, and a second hinge joint is slidably provided on the folding surface of the front-folding edge block; the front-folding drive is obliquely embedded in the center block, and the top of the front-folding drive is connected to the second hinge joint; the folding surface of the front-folding edge block is provided with a sliding groove, and the second hinge joint is slidably provided in the sliding groove; the center block has a mounting groove on one side of the folding surface opposite to the front-folding edge block; the front-folding drive is a linear telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and the linear telescopic hydraulic cylinder is located in the corresponding mounting groove. The front-to-back cross-folding method avoids spatial interference during the folding process of the edge cutter discs. Each edge cutter disc is equipped with an independent hydraulic or mechanical telescopic mechanism to drive the folding action and ensure precise operation.

[0018] Further preferably, the rear part of the rear folding edge block is hinged to the rear part of the center block via a third hinge joint, and a fourth hinge joint is slidably provided on the folding surface of the rear folding edge block. The rear folding drive component is obliquely embedded in the center block, and the top of the rear folding drive component is connected to the fourth hinge joint. The folding surface of the rear folding edge block is provided with a sliding groove, and the fourth hinge joint is slidably provided in the sliding groove. The center block is provided with mounting grooves on one side of the folding surface of the rear folding edge block. The folding drive component is a linear telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and the linear telescopic hydraulic cylinder is located in the corresponding mounting groove.

[0019] Further preferably, the rear part of the rear folding edge block is hinged to the rear part of the center block through a third hinge joint, and the rear folding drive is an arc-shaped drive, with its two ends connected to the back of the rear folding edge block and the back of the center block, respectively; the rear folding drive includes an arc-shaped fixing part and an arc-shaped telescopic part, which form a semi-circular connection structure, and the arc-shaped telescopic part and the arc-shaped fixing part are detachably connected.

[0020] Further preferably, the variable diameter shield includes a top shield, a left shield, a right shield, and a bottom shield arranged in sections, and the top shield, left shield, right shield, and bottom shield are respectively connected to the main drive through variable diameter hydraulic cylinders.

[0021] In a further preferred embodiment, the left and right shields are respectively hinged to the left and right sides of the bottom shield. The left shield is connected to the main drive through a left variable diameter cylinder, the right shield is connected to the main drive through a right variable diameter cylinder, the bottom shield is connected to the main drive through a bottom variable diameter cylinder, and the top shield is connected to the main drive through a top variable diameter cylinder. In a perfectly circular state, the left and right sides of the top shield overlap with the left and right shields, respectively.

[0022] Further preferably, a self-moving trolley is connected to the rear of the main beam; the self-moving trolley is equipped with a front transition plate for the main engine pipeline that connects to the variable length supply pipeline system. The self-moving trolley is used to place auxiliary components of the main engine tunneling unit, and can be selectively used as needed.

[0023] Further preferably, the power supply unit includes a main control room and / or a hydraulic pump station and / or a water circulation system and / or an electrical control system; the main control room and / or the hydraulic pump station and / or the water circulation system and / or the electrical control system are connected to the main tunneling unit through a variable-length supply pipeline system. That is to say, at least one of the main control room, hydraulic pump station, water circulation system, and electrical control system is set separately from the main tunneling unit, and the remaining ones can be set on the self-propelled trolley.

[0024] Further preferred, the main control room and / or hydraulic pump station and / or water circulation system and / or electrical control system are respectively installed on the corresponding trailers; after the assembly is formed, the trailers of the assembly are separated from the main tunneling unit, or part of the trailers are separated, so as to shorten the overall length of the tunneling machine.

[0025] A tunneling method for the aforementioned super-mobile full-face tunneling machine includes the following steps: S1, statistically analyze the distribution characteristics of the rock tunnel clusters to be excavated, obtain the number of tunnels n to be excavated, where n is greater than or equal to 1, and determine the excavation route; ensure that the fluid supply pipeline of the split tunneling machine is optimal.

[0026] S2. Excavate the main transport tunnel according to the excavation route, and excavate the assembly chamber in the main transport tunnel and the corresponding area to be excavated; the assembly chamber is the location for subsequent supporting control.

[0027] S3. Based on the number of tunnels to be excavated, the total output pressure of the power supply unit, and the length of the tunnel, m main tunneling units are configured, where m is greater than or equal to 1 and m≤n; the m main tunneling units are hoisted to the starting position of each tunnel to be excavated through the main transport tunnel, and the hoisting sequence follows the principle of from far to near.

[0028] S4. The power supply unit is hoisted to the assembly chamber via the main transport tunnel and connected to m main tunneling units through a variable length supply pipeline system.

[0029] S5, m main tunneling units simultaneously carry out the first stage of joint excavation of m roadways. During the forward excavation of the main tunneling units, the pipeline grouping of the variable length supply pipeline system is simultaneously extended, while the power supply unit remains stationary in the assembly chamber.

[0030] S6. After completing the first phase of joint excavation, m main tunneling units will quickly retreat along the original route to the main transport tunnel.

[0031] S7. Select the appropriate main excavation unit based on the principle of proximity, and repeat steps S3 to S6 until the excavation of n tunnels is completed.

[0032] S8. The power supply unit and the main tunneling unit are moved to the nearest location or hoisted out of the main transport tunnel according to the principle of proximity.

[0033] In step S5, during the forward tunneling of the main tunneling unit, when the pipeline group of the variable length supply pipeline system is synchronously extended, the pipeline group at the tail end is connected to the hydraulic pump station of the power supply unit through an intermittent fluid supply structure, and the hydraulic pump station can provide intermittent fluid supply. The specific process is as follows: the first oil pump of the hydraulic pump station pumps the hydraulic oil in the oil tank to the pipeline group at the tail end through the first main pipeline group to supply fluid to the main tunneling unit; when the pipeline group needs to be extended, the new pipeline group is first filled with oil to remove air, then the first oil pump is stopped, and then one end of the new pipeline group is connected to the first multi-way connector and the other end is connected to the fixed multi-way connector on the hydraulic pump station; then the connection between the first main pipeline group and the first multi-way connector is disconnected; the first oil pump is started and the passage between the fixed multi-way connector and the second main pipeline group is opened; intermittent fluid supply is carried out while the pipeline group extension is completed.

[0034] In step S5, during the forward tunneling of the main tunneling unit, when the pipeline group of the variable length supply pipeline system is synchronously extended, the pipeline group at the tail end is connected to the hydraulic pump station of the power supply unit through an uninterrupted fluid supply structure, enabling the hydraulic pump station to provide uninterrupted fluid supply. Specifically, the first oil pump of the hydraulic pump station pumps the hydraulic oil in the tank to the pipeline group at the tail end through the first main pipeline group, supplying fluid to the main tunneling unit. When the pipeline group needs to be extended, the first multi-port connector is opened to connect to the pipeline group to be connected. The passage between the groups is opened, and the passage between the second overflow pipeline and the oil tank is opened by adjusting the second electric reversing valve; the first oil pump fills a portion of the oil into the pipeline group to be connected; then the second oil pump is turned on and the first oil pump is turned off, and the second oil pump pumps the hydraulic oil in the oil tank to the pipeline group at the tail through the second main pipeline group to supply fluid to the main tunneling unit; then the connection between the first main pipeline group and the first multi-port joint is disconnected, and the next new pipeline group is connected; while the pipeline group connection is completed, the fluid supply is uninterrupted.

[0035] The process of the main tunneling unit rapidly retracting along the original path in step S6 is as follows: S6.1 The belt conveyor at the bottom of the main tunneling unit is removed and the variable-length supply pipeline system between the main tunneling unit and the power supply unit is disconnected. S6.2 The pipelines of the variable-length supply pipeline system are sequentially gathered at the end of the pipeline track near the assembly chamber. S6.3 The trackless flatcar moves to the main tunneling unit, and the lifting support platform of the trackless flatcar is pushed out and fixedly connected to the main tunneling unit. S6.4 The front folding side block of the foldable cutterhead rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise relative to the center block and folds forward; the rear folding side block rotates 90 degrees clockwise relative to the center block and folds backward, completing the folding diameter change of the foldable cutterhead. S6.5 The diameter-changing shield changes diameter through the diameter-changing cylinder and disengages from the rock wall. The S6.6 main tunneling unit and the trackless flatcar retract synchronously; a stepping frame is laid outside the tunnel to provide a moving track for the trackless flatcar, enabling the main tunneling unit to safely retract into the tunnel and complete the rapid retraction of the tunneling machine.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The ultra-mobile full-face tunneling machine of this invention adopts a separate design of the main tunneling unit and the power supply unit. When the full-face tunneling machine advances forward, only the main tunneling unit advances, while the power supply unit remains stationary, greatly shortening the length of the tunneling section. This enables rapid assembly, initiation, and retraction of the main unit, solving the problems of large workload, long time consumption, numerous components, and difficulty in retraction and relocation caused by the long overall length of the existing TBM. This invention reduces the length of a single machine and improves the mobility of the equipment through functional modular separation, adapting to the construction needs of short-distance tunnel groups. The cutterhead diameter changing and shield retraction functions enable the main unit to turn and retract flexibly in narrow spaces, adapting to the construction needs of short-distance tunnel groups; the rear supporting system is arranged in the main transport tunnel and connected to the main unit through long-distance pipelines, realizing centralized control, reducing the frequency of equipment relocation, and improving construction efficiency. The main unit has in-tunnel rapid diameter changing technology, which can realize short-distance blind tunnel retraction, and the rear supporting system has a self-moving function, which can move flexibly. This invention enables "single-machine" construction with one main machine per tunnel, as well as "multi-machine" synchronous construction with multiple main machines and multiple chambers. It can be applied to rapid construction of short-distance tunnels in water conservancy, railways, rail transit, coal mines, and metal mines.

[0037] The diameter reduction of the main tunneling unit in this invention is achieved through the coordinated reduction of the cutterhead and the shield body, thus realizing the purpose of diameter change and facilitating the rapid extrication and retraction of the main tunneling unit. Furthermore, the side blocks, through corresponding driving components, enable the cutterhead to fold inwards and outwards in a crisscross pattern, effectively avoiding interference during the folding process and ensuring uniform force distribution on the cutterhead in the unfolded state, thereby guaranteeing the cutterhead's excavation capacity.

[0038] This invention's variable-length supply pipeline system modularizes the pipeline into pipeline grouping modules. By sequentially connecting these modules, the pipeline can be extended synchronously with the main excavation unit. Moreover, it can achieve uninterrupted fluid and power supply, breaking through the extension length limitations of traditional extension devices. This enables long-distance extension of the pipeline for fluid supply, significantly improving pipeline extension capacity and adaptability. It greatly improves construction efficiency and provides a sustainable solution for long-distance fluid and power supply.

[0039] The split-type tunneling machine method of this invention hoists the main tunneling system to the starting position according to the "from far to near" principle, connects the pipeline system, and enables one or more main machines to tunnel synchronously. After tunneling is completed, the main tunneling system is hoisted away from the site according to the "from near to far" principle, improving equipment relocation efficiency. In the split-type tunneling machine cluster tunneling method of this invention, as described above, the equipment transportation path is optimized through the principles of "from far to near," "from near to far," and proximity, reducing hoisting time and costs. Standardized construction processes reduce manual intervention and operational complexity, improving safety and construction stability. The innovative integrated tunneling method of "centralized fluid supply - long-distance transportation - multi-machine synchronization" achieves efficient connection of processes, significantly improves construction efficiency and comprehensive economic indicators, and provides an efficient and energy-saving solution for large-scale construction of short-distance rock tunnel groups.

[0040] This invention designs a trackless flatcar for tunneling machine retraction and a rapid retraction method. By employing a folding cutterhead and a trackless flatcar, it significantly solves the problems of large workload, long time consumption, and difficult retraction in traditional retraction processes. The trackless flatcar has functions of jacking out, supporting, stabilizing, and self-moving. Combined with an automated control system, it realizes rapid lifting and stable retraction of the entire tunneling machine, avoiding the cumbersome disassembly process and significantly improving retraction efficiency and safety. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunneling machine of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main excavation unit of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the foldable cutter head of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the foldable cutter head folding forward and backward; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the front folding edge block; Figure 6 A frontal view of the arrangement of the second hinge joint; Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the folding of the rear folding edge block using an arc-shaped drive component; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the foldable cutterhead of the main tunneling unit; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a variable diameter shield structure; Figure 10Schematic diagram of a variable length supply pipeline system; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-port connector; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the power supply unit; Figure 13 A schematic diagram showing the preparation of the main tunneling unit for retraction. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the single-sided synchronous construction of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the synchronous construction of the two-sided tunnels according to the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the synchronous construction of the double-sided tunnels according to the present invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the pipeline grouping and splicing state before Example 6; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the pipeline grouping and splicing process in Example 6; Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the state after the pipeline is grouped and connected in Example 6.

[0043] Figure 20 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of pipeline grouping and connection under intermittent liquid supply; Figure 21 Schematic diagram of the principle of uninterrupted liquid supply pipeline grouping and connection; Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Example 1, such as Figure 1As shown, a super-mobile full-face tunneling machine includes a main tunneling unit 1 and a power supply unit 3, which are separately configured. The power supply unit 3 is connected to N main tunneling units 1 through a variable-length supply pipeline system 2, where N is greater than or equal to 1. The number of N mainly depends on the total output pressure provided by the downstream units and the extension length of the pipeline. That is, one power supply unit can simultaneously provide power to one or more main tunneling units. During the tunneling process of the main tunneling unit 1, the working position of the power supply unit 3 is relatively fixed, that is, during the tunneling process of the main tunneling unit 1, the power supply unit 3 does not move synchronously with the main tunneling unit 1. The variable-length supply pipeline system 2 extends synchronously with the tunneling of the main tunneling unit 1. Multiple main tunneling units 1 can operate synchronously, thereby improving work efficiency. The main tunneling unit is located behind the working face and is mainly responsible for the excavation and support of the tunnel. The variable length supply pipeline system is located between the main tunneling unit and the power supply unit, which transmits electricity, hydraulic oil, water, gas, and control signals provided by the supporting power and control center to the main tunneling unit. The power supply unit is arranged in the assembly chamber. During operation, its position is relatively fixed and does not move with the main tunneling unit, which improves the mobility and flexibility of the main tunneling unit and facilitates rapid retreat and relocation.

[0046] In actual construction, the tunneling machine of this invention, as described above, has its main tunneling unit and power supply unit arranged separately. The main tunneling unit is about 20 meters long and needs to be assembled in an assembly chamber. The power supply unit is connected to the main tunneling unit through a variable length supply pipeline system. Therefore, the length of the assembly chamber only needs to meet the assembly of the main tunneling unit, which solves the problems of long assembly time and large assembly chamber of traditional TBMs.

[0047] In this embodiment, the variable-length supply pipeline system 2 connects the folded and grouped pipelines in series through a splicing device, enabling the variable-length supply pipeline system 2 to extend synchronously with the excavation of the main tunneling unit 1. The folded and grouped pipeline can be a single multi-folded pipeline or multiple multi-folded pipelines, the specific method being selected according to the length of the tunnel to be excavated. The splicing device connects the pipelines while simultaneously allowing them to move smoothly with the main tunneling unit, reducing the resistance to the main tunneling unit's forward excavation.

[0048] Example 2, as Figure 1 As shown, a super-mobile full-face tunneling machine is further optimized based on Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, it is a preferred option, such as... Figure 2As shown, the main tunneling unit 1 includes a foldable cutterhead 101 and a variable-diameter shield 102. The variable-diameter shield 102 is connected to the main drive 103. The main beam structure can adopt a K-type structure, which includes an inner K-type and an outer K-type. The outer K-type is fitted onto the inner K-type and the two are connected by a propulsion cylinder 109. The foldable cutterhead and the variable-diameter shield are set on the inner K-type, and the support shoe 107 is set on the outer K-type. The support shoe 107 consists of a shoe plate and a support shoe cylinder. Under the action of the support shoe cylinder, the shoe plate can extend and retract. The support shoe cooperates with the propulsion cylinder to realize the tunneling of the main tunneling unit. The foldable cutterhead 101 is connected to the main drive 103 set on the main beam 108. The main beam 108 is equipped with the support shoe 107 and a belt conveyor 1010. The belt conveyor is used for muck removal. The main tunneling unit 1 also includes a rear support 1011, an anchor drilling rig 104, and an advance drilling rig 1013, etc., to enable it to have tunneling and support functions. The main tunneling unit performs tunneling and support simultaneously. As the main tunneling unit advances, the power and control centers of the main tunneling unit and the power supply unit are connected through a variable-length supply pipeline system, which has the function of rapidly extending as the main tunneling unit advances.

[0049] like Figure 12 As shown, in this embodiment, the power supply unit 3 includes a main control room 302 and / or a hydraulic pump station 303 and / or a water circulation system 304 and / or an electrical control system 305. The main control room 302 and / or the hydraulic pump station 303 and / or the water circulation system 304 and / or the electrical control system 305 are connected to the main tunneling unit 1 through a variable length supply pipeline system 2. That is, at least one of the main control room, hydraulic pump station, water circulation system, and electrical control system is separately installed from the main tunneling unit, shortening the traditional length of the supporting components. The water circulation system 304 includes a sewage tank 306. The power supply unit can be installed on a self-moving trolley 301, which can be a tracked trolley. Driven by the tracked trolley, the power supply unit can be assembled in any underground roadway and quickly travel to the assembly chamber, where it is connected to the main tunneling unit through the variable length supply pipeline system. Therefore, the length of the assembly chamber only needs to meet the assembly requirements of the main tunneling unit. When a full-face tunneling machine is tunneling, only the main tunneling unit moves forward, while the supporting power and control center remain in place.

[0050] In this embodiment, the full-face tunneling machine significantly reduces equipment length and improves mobility by separating the main unit and the auxiliary system during forward excavation. The cutterhead diameter adjustment and shield retraction functions allow the main unit to flexibly turn and retract in confined spaces, adapting to the needs of short-distance tunnel group construction. The auxiliary system is located in the main transport tunnel and connected to the main unit via long-distance pipelines, enabling centralized control, reducing equipment relocation frequency, and improving construction efficiency. Furthermore, the main unit features rapid diameter adjustment technology within the tunnel, enabling retraction in short-distance blind tunnels, and the auxiliary system has a self-moving function for flexible movement. This invention can achieve "single-machine" construction with one main unit per tunnel, or "multi-machine" synchronous construction with multiple main units in multiple tunnels, and can be applied to rapid construction of short-distance tunnels in water conservancy, railways, rail transit, coal mines, and metal mines.

[0051] Example 3: A super-mobile full-face tunneling machine, such as Figure 4 As shown, based on Embodiment 2, this embodiment further optimizes the main beam 108 by connecting a self-moving trolley 1012 to its tail. The number of self-moving trolleys 1012 is selected as needed; in this embodiment, only one is connected to the rear end of the main beam for placing accessories of the main tunneling unit. The self-moving trolley 1012 is equipped with a front transition plate 1014 for the main pipeline, which connects to the variable length supply pipeline system 2; this is used for connecting the pipelines of the variable length supply pipeline system 2. If at least one of the main control room, hydraulic pump station, water circulation system, and electrical control system of the power supply unit is separately installed from the main tunneling unit, the remaining components can be installed on the self-moving trolley. Preferably, in this embodiment, the main control room, hydraulic pump station, water circulation system, and electrical control system of the power supply unit are respectively installed on corresponding trailers, forming a rear assembly. This rear assembly is separate from the main tunneling unit to shorten the overall length of the tunneling machine.

[0052] The foldable cutterhead 101 includes a central block 1-1 and M side blocks 1-2, where M is an even number greater than or equal to 4, and the value of M is generally between 4 and 10, selected according to the specific construction conditions. The M side blocks 1-2 are sequentially hinged to the outer periphery of the central block 1-1. Corresponding folding drive components 1-3 are provided between the M side blocks 1-2 and the central block 1-1, meaning there is a one-to-one correspondence between the folding drive components and the side blocks. The folding drive components can use hydraulic or mechanical drives to achieve the folding of the side blocks relative to the central block. Under the action of the corresponding folding drive components 1-3, the M side blocks 1-2 fold forward and / or backward relative to the central block 1-1. Without interference, the side blocks can all fold backward or forward, or partially forward and partially backward, achieving a diameter change. After the diameter change, the cutterhead detaches from the rock wall, facilitating rapid retraction.

[0053] like Figure 22As shown, the side block 1-2 is provided with an enlargement mechanism 26, which includes a roller cutter 261 and a cutter groove 263 provided on the side block 2. The roller cutter 261 is fixed on the cutter shaft 262, and the roller cutter 261 and the cutter shaft 262 are located in the cutter groove 263. The cutter shaft 262 is connected to the cutter groove 263 through a cutter shaft pad 264. When the cutter shaft pad 264 is added, the cutter shaft 262 drives the roller cutter 261 to lift and enlarge the excavation. This provides space for the cutter head to fold and change diameter, avoiding interference with the tunnel wall.

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, M is an even number greater than or equal to 4. Taking M=6 as an example, the M edge blocks 1-2 are divided into front folding edge blocks and back folding edge blocks, and the folding directions of two adjacent edge blocks 1-2 are opposite. Three edge blocks fold forward to form front folding edge blocks (1-21, 1-23, 1-25), and three edge blocks fold backward to form back folding edge blocks (1-22, 1-24, 1-26). The edge blocks are arranged in a cross-folding layout to avoid interference during the folding process. The six edge blocks work together to reduce the cross-sectional size of the cutter head, achieving the purpose of rapid and efficient diameter change. The center block 1-1 is the corresponding regular M-sided block; taking M=6 as an example, the center block is the corresponding regular hexagonal block, and the six edge blocks are respectively hinged to the corresponding six sides. The folding drive component 1-3 corresponding to the front folding edge block is the front folding drive component 31. The front folding drive component not only provides power for the folding of the front folding edge block, but also plays a braking role to prevent shaking or displacement during the backward movement. The folding drive components 1-3 corresponding to the rear folding side block are the rear folding drive components 32; similarly, the rear folding drive components not only provide power for the folding of the rear folding side block, but also act as brakes to prevent swaying or displacement during the backward movement. The center block provides core support, and the folding drive components ensure stable and reliable folding.

[0055] like Figure 5 , 6As shown, specifically, the front panel of the front folding block is hinged to the front of the center block 1-1 via a first hinge joint 21. The first hinge joint can be a pin structure, and the front folding block rotates around this first hinge joint to complete folding and unfolding. A second hinge joint 22 is slidably provided on the folding surface of the front folding block. The second hinge joint can be a lug + pin structure, satisfying both sliding and hinge requirements, ensuring smooth connection with the front folding drive component, and avoiding interference during the drive process. The front folding drive component 31 is obliquely embedded in the center block 1-1 to provide effective drive to the front folding block without affecting the matching of the block and the center block in the unfolded state. The top of the front folding drive component 31 is connected to the second hinge joint 22; the front folding drive component drives the corresponding front folding block to rotate counterclockwise around the first hinge joint via the second hinge joint, completing the forward flipping folding of the front folding block. The rear of the rear-folding edge block is hinged to the rear of the center block 1-1 via a third hinge joint 23. The third hinge joint 23, similar to the first hinge joint, can be a pin structure. Under the action of the rear-folding drive, the rear-folding edge block rotates around the third hinge joint, completing its rearward folding. A fourth hinge joint 24 is slidably provided on the folding surface of the rear-folding edge block. The rear-folding drive 32 is obliquely embedded within the center block 1-1, and its top is connected to the fourth hinge joint 24. The fourth hinge joint has the same structure as the second hinge joint, ensuring that the folding does not interfere with the rotation.

[0056] As a preferred embodiment, the folding surface of the aforementioned front folding block is slidably provided with a second hinge joint 22, and the folding surface of the rear folding block is slidably provided with a fourth hinge joint 24. Specifically, both the folding surfaces of the front and rear folding blocks are provided with sliding grooves 25. The second hinge joint 22 and the fourth hinge joint are slidably disposed within the sliding grooves 25, enabling sliding within the grooves during the ejection process and avoiding interference. The center block 1-1 has mounting grooves 11 on one side opposite to the folding surfaces of the front and rear folding blocks. The front folding drive 31 and the rear folding drive 32 are both linear telescopic cylinders, with opposite extension and retraction directions. The linear telescopic cylinders are located within the mounting grooves 11, ensuring the flatness of the cutterhead before folding. Furthermore, during tunneling, the ejection amount of the telescopic cylinders can be flexibly adjusted to balance the tunneling reaction force and ensure structural stability.

[0057] Example 4: A highly mobile full-face tunneling machine, further optimized based on Example 3, such as... Figure 7As shown, in this embodiment, the rear folding drive 32 can also be an arc-shaped drive component, with its two ends connected to the back of the rear folding side block and the back of the center block 1, respectively. The arc-shaped drive component can be driven by arc-shaped hydraulics or by an arc-shaped mechanical structure to provide power and support. Through the retraction of the aforementioned arc-shaped drive component, the side cutterhead is folded backward; and before folding, the arc-shaped drive component is retracted into a supporting state, which can withstand the reaction force before the cutterhead digs, ensuring structural stability and digging safety. In this embodiment, the arc-shaped drive component is taken as an example of an arc-shaped mechanical structure. Specifically, the rear folding drive component 32 includes an arc-shaped fixing part 321 and an arc-shaped telescopic part 322. The arc-shaped telescopic part 322 and the arc-shaped fixing part 321 form a semi-circular connection structure. The arc-shaped telescopic part 322 is sleeved inside the arc-shaped fixing part, and the arc-shaped telescopic part 322 and the arc-shaped fixing part 321 are detachably connected. The number of arc-shaped telescopic parts can be set to one or two as needed. When one arc-shaped telescopic part is set, it can be completely fitted inside the arc-shaped fixed part. Both are arc structures slightly larger than 1 / 4 circle, forming a semi-circular arc when unfolded. The overlap between the two can be locked with screws. If both the arc-shaped fixed part 321 and the arc-shaped telescopic part 322 are 1 / 4 circle arc structures, their ends are connected by flanges when unfolded. When two arc-shaped telescopic parts are set, they are located at both ends of the arc-shaped fixed part 321. The arc-shaped telescopic part is an 1 / 8 circle arc structure, and the arc-shaped fixed part is an arc structure slightly larger than 1 / 4 circle. When all three are unfolded, they form a semi-circular arc, and the overlap between the two can be locked with screws. The above-mentioned arc-shaped drive component can realize the 90-degree folding and flipping of the rear folding edge block, reducing the cross-sectional size of the cutter head, such as... Figure 8 As shown.

[0058] Example 5: A highly mobile full-face tunneling machine, further optimized based on Examples 2, 3, or 4, such as... Figure 9As shown, the variable-diameter shield 102 in this embodiment includes a top shield 1021, a left shield 1027, a right shield 1023, and a bottom shield 1025, which are arranged in sections. The top shield 1021, left shield 1027, right shield 1023, and bottom shield 1025 can form a circular shield body, and the four section shields are respectively connected to the main drive 103 through variable-diameter hydraulic cylinders. Under the action of the variable-diameter hydraulic cylinders, the four section shields can move relative to the main beam to realize the diameter change. This diameter change is mainly used for the retraction and diameter reduction of the tunneling machine. After the main tunneling unit has tunneled to the end of the roadway, when the whole machine needs to be retracted, since the rear roadway has completed the support operations such as anchor bolts, anchor cables, mesh, and shotcrete, the roadway diameter will be about 600mm smaller than the cutterhead diameter. Therefore, in order to achieve the retraction of the whole machine, the diameter reduction of the main tunneling unit must be completed first; and the diameter reduction of the main tunneling unit mainly involves the diameter reduction of the cutterhead and the diameter reduction of the shield body. As described above, the cutter head consists of a center block and six side blocks. The six side blocks are connected to the center block by hinges and bolts. When the cutter head needs to be reduced in diameter, the connecting bolts at each section are removed, and the cutter head folding cylinder is extended and retracted, so that three cutter heads fold forward and the other three cutter heads fold backward, thereby achieving rapid reduction in the diameter of the cutter head.

[0059] In this preferred embodiment, the left shield 1027 and right shield 1023 are hinged to the left and right sides of the bottom shield 1025, respectively. When a diameter change is required, the left shield 1027 and right shield 1023 rotate around their hinge points. The left shield 1027 is connected to the housing of the main drive 103 via a left diameter-changing cylinder 1028, the right shield 1023 is connected to the housing of the main drive 103 via a right diameter-changing cylinder 1024, the bottom shield 1025 is connected to the housing of the main drive 103 via a bottom diameter-changing cylinder 1026, and the top shield 1021 is connected to the housing of the main drive 103 via a top diameter-changing cylinder 1022. In a perfectly circular state, the left and right sides of the top shield 1021 overlap with the left shield 1027 and right shield 1023, respectively, to ensure the integrity of the shield support during the diameter change process. The four shields can extend and retract via their connected diameter-changing cylinders to complete the diameter change requirements. The variable diameter shield 102 works in conjunction with the foldable cutterhead 101 to change the diameter of the main tunneling unit, so that the tunneling machine can quickly retract.

[0060] Example 6: A highly mobile full-face tunneling machine, further optimized based on Example 5, such as... Figure 10As shown, the splicing device in this embodiment includes a pipeline extension mechanism 210; the folded and grouped pipelines include several pipeline assemblies 208, the number of which gradually increases according to the main excavation unit's progress, thus extending the pipelines. The pipeline assemblies 208 are installed in the assembly chamber and are in a bent storage state after assembly. The pipeline extension mechanism 210 is connected to the pipeline assemblies 208 and drags the pipeline assemblies 208 along the pipeline track 201 set on the tunnel wall, thus moving the pipelines with the main excavation unit. The pipelines of the head pipeline assemblies 208 are connected to the main excavation unit's pipeline front transition plate 1014 set on the main excavation unit 1, and the tail pipeline assemblies 208 are connected to the main excavation unit's pipeline rear transition plate 3014 set on the power supply unit 3 via multi-connector 207; adjacent pipeline assemblies 208 are connected to each other via multi-connector 207. In this embodiment, the multi-port connector 207 consists of connector one 20701, connector two 20702, connector three 20703, connector four 20704, and a switch 20705 fixed on the connector. The opening and closing of the switch 20705 allows for the arbitrary switching of any of the four connectors. The control switch can be an electromagnetic switch, such as... Figure 11 As shown.

[0061] The pipeline grouping 208 between the main tunneling unit 1 and the power supply unit 3 is connected as follows: the pipeline at the front end of the first pipeline group is connected to the main pipeline front transition plate 1014 set on the main tunneling unit 1. The main pipeline front transition plate 1014 is connected to the cutterhead, support shoe, shield and other actuators through the pipeline; the rear end of the first pipeline group is connected to the main pipeline rear transition plate 3014 set on the power supply unit 3 through the multi-port joint 207 and the main pipeline group 209. The main pipeline rear transition plate 3014 is connected to the main control room 302, hydraulic pump station 303, water circulation system 304, electrical control system 305 and other components through the pipeline group; when the main tunneling unit advances and the pipeline needs to be extended, such as Figure 17 , 18As shown in Figure 19, structurally, the multi-connector 207 of the pipeline group 208 at the tail end is the first multi-connector; the multi-connector 207 of the pipeline group 208 to be connected is the second multi-connector; before the pipeline group is connected: the first connection port of the hydraulic pump station 303 is connected to the second connector 20702 of the first multi-connector through the main pipeline group 209; during the pipeline group connection: one end of the supply pipeline 205 to be connected to the pipeline group 208 is connected to the third connector 20703 of the first multi-connector. The second multi-port connector 20702 is connected to the fixed pipe connector 211 located at the second connection port of the hydraulic pump station 303 to complete the pipeline grouping 208 continuation; after the pipeline grouping is connected: the second multi-port connector 20702 of the first multi-port connector is closed to disconnect the connection between the main pipeline group 209 and the second multi-port connector 20702; the third multi-port connector 20703 of the first multi-port connector and the second multi-port connector 2 are opened to realize the connection between the pipeline group at the end and the pipeline group to be connected.

[0062] Example 7 describes a highly mobile full-face tunneling machine, further optimized from Example 6. In this example, the pipeline extension mechanism 210 includes a monorail crane 202. The pipeline track 201 is a segmented crane beam, fixed to the tunnel roof by chains, and composed of multiple fixed-length track segments that extend forward as the main tunneling unit 1 advances. The monorail crane 202 is mounted on the crane beam and moves along it. The monorail crane 202 is connected to the pipeline assembly 208 at the head via connecting rods or chains to achieve pipeline dragging. A limit brake 206 is provided on the pipeline track 201 to restrict the movement of the pipeline assembly 208. The limit brake 206 is fixed to the pipeline track 201; its clamped state restricts the forward movement of the pipeline tow 203, and its open state releases the pipeline tow 203 from moving forward. In this embodiment, the limiting brake 206 uses this structure as an example: it includes a clamp 91 fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel. The tail end of the clamp 91 is hinged to a telescopic drive component, and the head end of the clamp 91 is provided with a brake block 93 for clamping the pipeline tow bar. The clamp 91 is suspended on the inner wall of the tunnel. The telescopic drive component is a hydraulic cylinder 92 or a pneumatic cylinder 94. Both ends of the hydraulic cylinder 92 or the pneumatic cylinder 94 are hinged to the tail end of the clamp 91. The braking device 9 brakes the suspension sliding device 1 at the rear end of the telescopic pipeline assembly module. The braking device 9, in conjunction with the monorail crane, can fully unfold the telescopic pipeline assembly module to achieve long-distance pipeline extension.

[0063] In this embodiment, the pipeline grouping 208 includes a supply pipeline 205, which consists of hydraulic lines, fluid lines, compressed air lines, power cables, control cables, and signal cables, and is fixed to pipeline trailers 203. Several pipeline trailers 203 are connected to the supply pipeline 205; to ensure smooth pipeline extension, the pipeline trailers 203 are slidably or rollably connected to the crane beam, and adjacent pipeline trailers 203 are connected by tension ropes 204. The tension ropes 204 connect the preceding and following pipeline trailers 203, and their length is less than the length of the supply pipeline 205, preventing excessive stress on the supply pipeline 205. A push-pull force monitoring device can be installed between the monorail crane and the pipeline trailers. The push-pull force monitoring device can be a push-pull force gauge, which monitors the traction force of the trailer in real time. By determining whether the traction force reaches a threshold, the degree of deployment of the pipeline grouping module is judged, thereby achieving precise control.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment, the pipeline track 201 is also equipped with a retraction device at its tail end; this device facilitates the smooth retraction of the pipeline when the main excavation unit retracts. Specifically, the retraction device includes a winch 212, which is located at the rear end of the pipeline track 201 and can be installed inside the assembly chamber. A steel wire rope 213 is wound around the winch 212, and the free end of the steel wire rope 213 is detachably connected to the pipeline tow bar 203 of the pipeline assembly 208 at the head. When the pipeline is retracted, the winch winding the steel wire rope will drive the pipeline tow bar and the single-beam lifting device at the front end to retract synchronously. The spacing between the various pipeline tow bars in the pipeline assembly module decreases, and the pipeline automatically changes from a spread-out state to a bent state, gradually retracting into the assembly chamber, thus realizing the retraction of the pipeline assembly module.

[0065] The pipeline transition plate is fixed to the main tunneling unit and connected to the pipelines of the main tunneling unit; the crane beam is fixed to the tunnel wall excavated by the main tunneling unit, each section of the crane beam is about 3 meters long, and the crane beam extends forward sequentially with the main tunneling unit; the pipeline towing crane, pipeline tow rope, tension rope, pipeline, etc., are suspended and move on the crane beam; the pipeline assembly module is installed in the assembly chamber and is in a folded state, with a folded length of about 20 meters and an extended length of about 90 meters. The pipeline assembly module is equipped with four-way connectors at both the front and rear ends, which are connected to the pipeline and the power supply unit respectively. By installing a new pipeline assembly module, waiting for it to extend, and then installing a new pipeline assembly module, the variable length supply pipeline system can be rapidly extended.

[0066] Furthermore, it should be noted that the pipeline track 201 can also be a wire rope track. Specifically, it includes a fixed frame on the tunnel wall and a winch mounted on the tunneling machine. The fixed frame is located in the assembly chamber, and the free end of the wire rope on the winch is fixed to the fixed frame. The winch releases the wire rope as the machine moves, forming the wire rope track. To ensure the load-bearing capacity of the wire rope, supports can be arranged on the tunnel wall to support the wire rope. The above structure can also accommodate the extension of the pipeline assembly.

[0067] Example 8: A super-mobile full-face tunneling machine, such as Figure 20 As shown, based on Embodiment 7, this embodiment further optimizes the process by connecting the tail-end pipeline group 208 to the hydraulic pump station 303 of the power supply unit 3 via an intermittent fluid supply structure. The hydraulic pump station uses this intermittent fluid supply structure to provide intermittent fluid supply to the main tunneling unit during the extension of the variable-length supply pipeline system. Although this fluid supply method is intermittent, it still has the advantages of shorter intermittent time and higher supply efficiency compared to traditional fluid supply methods. Specifically, the intermittent fluid supply structure includes a first multi-port connector 207-1 located at the rear of the tail-end pipeline group 208. The first multi-port connector 207-1 is connected to a fixed multi-port connector 207-3 located on the hydraulic pump station 303 via a first main pipeline group 209-1. When a new pipeline group 208 is connected, after the new pipeline group is filled with fluid, it is connected to the fixed multi-port connector 207-3 via a second multi-port connector 207-2 and a second main pipeline group 209-2 located at the rear of the new pipeline group 208. The specific structures of the first multi-port connector and the second multi-port connector are the same as those of multi-port connector 207.

[0068] During the forward tunneling process of the main tunneling unit 1, when the pipeline group 208 of the variable length supply pipeline system 2 is extended synchronously, the pipeline group 208 at the tail end is connected to the hydraulic pump station 303 of the power supply unit 3 through an intermittent fluid supply structure, and the hydraulic pump station 303 can perform intermittent fluid supply. The specific process is as follows: The first oil pump 1.4 of the hydraulic pump station 303 pumps the hydraulic oil in the oil tank 1.5 to the pipeline group 208 at the tail end through the first main pipeline group 209-1 to supply fluid to the main tunneling unit 1; when the pipeline group needs to be extended, the new pipeline group is first filled with oil to remove air, in order to prevent air lock (cavitation) and ensure the stable establishment of system pressure; then the first oil pump 1.4 is stopped, and one end of the new pipeline group is connected to the third interface of the first multi-port connector 207-1, and the other end is connected to the fixed multi-port connector 207-3 on the hydraulic pump station 303 through the second main pipeline group 209-2; then the connection between the first main pipeline group 209-1 and the first multi-port connector 207-1 is disconnected; the first oil pump 1.4 is started and the passage between the fixed multi-port connector 207-3 and the second main pipeline group 209-2 is opened to complete the extension of the new pipeline group. This repeated operation allows for the simultaneous extension and connection of the pipeline grouping 208 of the variable length supply pipeline system 2, while intermittently supplying fluid to the main tunneling unit.

[0069] Example 9: A super-mobile full-face tunneling machine, such as Figure 21As shown, this embodiment is further optimized based on embodiment 7, and the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 8 is that the pipeline group 208 at the tail end is connected to the hydraulic pump station 303 of the power supply unit 3 through an uninterrupted fluid supply structure; so as to realize uninterrupted fluid supply to the main tunneling unit while the pipeline group 208 of the variable length supply pipeline system 2 is synchronously extended, thereby improving the work efficiency. Specifically, the uninterrupted fluid supply structure includes a pipeline assembly 2081 to be connected and a first multi-port connector 207-1 located at the rear of the pipeline assembly 208. The specific structure of the first multi-port connector 207-1 is the same as that of the multi-port connector 207. The first multi-port connector 207-1 is connected to a fixed multi-port connector I 207-31 located on the hydraulic pump station 303 via a first main pipeline assembly 209-1. A first overflow pipeline 1.3 is provided between the fixed multi-port connector I 207-31 and the hydraulic pump station 31. The second multi-port connector 207-2 located at the rear of the pipeline assembly 2081 is connected to a fixed multi-port connector II 207-32 located on the hydraulic pump station 303 via a second main pipeline assembly 209-1. The specific structure of the second multi-port connector 207-2 is the same as that of the multi-port connector 207. A second overflow pipeline 2.3 is provided between the fixed multi-port connector II 207-32 and the hydraulic pump station 303. The first overflow line 1.3 corresponds to the first oil pump 1.4 of the hydraulic pump station 31, and a first electric directional valve 1.2 is installed on the line between the first overflow line 1.3 and the fixed multi-port connector I 207-31; the second overflow line 2.3 corresponds to the second oil pump 2.4 of the hydraulic pump station 31, and a second electric directional valve 2.2 is installed on the line between the second overflow line 2.3 and the fixed multi-port connector II 207-32. The electric directional valve facilitates the control of the opening and closing of the overflow line.

[0070] During the forward tunneling process of the main tunneling unit 1, when the pipeline group 208 of the variable length supply pipeline system 2 is synchronously extended, the tail pipeline group 208 is connected to the hydraulic pump station 303 of the power supply unit 3 through an uninterrupted fluid supply structure, and the hydraulic pump station 303 can provide uninterrupted fluid supply. The specific process is as follows: the first oil pump 1.4 of the hydraulic pump station 303 pumps the hydraulic oil in the oil tank 1.5 to the tail pipeline group 208 through the first main pipeline group 209-1 to supply fluid to the main tunneling unit 1; when the pipeline group needs to be extended, the passage between the first multi-port connector 207-1 and the pipeline group 208 to be connected is opened, and the second electric reversing valve 2.2 is adjusted to open the passage between the second overflow pipeline 2.3 and the oil tank 1.5. The first oil pump 1.4 fills a portion of the oil into the pipeline assembly 2081 to be connected, thereby expelling air from the assembly, preventing air lock (cavitation), and ensuring stable system pressure. Then, the second oil pump 1.5 is turned on and the first oil pump 1.4 is turned off. The second oil pump 1.5 pumps the hydraulic oil in the oil tank 1.5 through the second main pipeline assembly 209-2 to the tail pipeline assembly 208 to supply fluid to the main tunneling unit 1. Then, the connection between the first main pipeline assembly 209-1 and the first multi-connector 207-1 is disconnected, and the next new pipeline assembly is connected. By repeating this operation, the pipeline assemblies 208 of the variable length supply pipeline system 2 can be simultaneously extended and connected while providing uninterrupted fluid supply to the main tunneling unit.

[0071] Example 10: A tunneling method using a tunnel boring machine (TBM), employing the super-mobile full-face TBM described in Example 8. The steps are as follows: S1. Statistically analyze the distribution characteristics of the rock tunnel clusters to be excavated to obtain the number of tunnels n to be excavated, where n is greater than or equal to 1, and determine the excavation route. The specific steps for determining the excavation route include: S1.1 Statistically analyze the number, length, and distribution location of the tunnels to be excavated; 2. Based on a mathematical model, plan the tunneling route with the fewest equipment relocations and relocation distances; 3. Determine the optimal control position of the supporting system, optimize the layout of the fluid supply pipeline, and determine the final excavation route. The final excavation route includes the excavation route of the main transport tunnel 5, the assembly chamber 4, and the tunnels to be excavated. Specifically, based on the distribution characteristics of the rock tunnel clusters to be excavated, relevant data information is collected through surveying and other technologies. This data is then transmitted to a host computer, which performs modeling and calculations to determine the number of tunnels (n) to be excavated and the distance between adjacent tunnels. The optimal excavation route is planned, minimizing equipment relocation times and distances, and the best control position for subsequent supporting systems is determined. The layout of the fluid supply pipeline is optimized to its shortest possible length, ultimately forming the optimal excavation route. S2. Excavate the main transport tunnel 5 according to the excavation route, and excavate the assembly chamber 4 within the main transport tunnel 5 and corresponding to the area to be excavated. The supporting systems are placed in the assembly chamber 4, which serves as the control position for the supporting systems, providing fluid and power to multiple main tunneling systems 1; design a centralized fluid supply control station, optimize the long-distance pipeline fluid supply layout, and reduce fluid supply costs.

[0072] S3. Based on the number of tunnels to be excavated, the total output pressure of power supply unit 3, and the tunnel length, configure m main tunneling units 1, where m is greater than or equal to 1 and m ≤ n; the m main tunneling units 1 are hoisted to the starting position of each tunnel to be excavated through the main transport tunnel 5, following the principle of hoisting from farthest to nearest; to ensure the smooth entry and start-up of the main tunneling units. Figures 14-16 As shown, it should be noted that the n tunnels are evenly distributed on one or both sides of the main transport tunnel 5; the choice should be flexible according to the working conditions. When the n tunnels are set on both sides of the main transport tunnel 5, the tunnels on both sides of the main transport tunnel 5 can be arranged opposite each other or staggered; the opposite arrangement can reduce the change path, while the staggered arrangement can provide sufficient space for the starting point. The specific scheme can be selected according to the actual working conditions.

[0073] S4. The power supply unit 3 is hoisted to the assembly chamber 4 via the main transport tunnel 5 and connected to m main tunneling units 1 through a variable-length supply pipeline system 2. One set of supporting systems is configured with m main tunneling systems, enabling simultaneous excavation by multiple main tunneling systems and improving construction efficiency. A centralized muck removal route 6 can also be planned within the main transport tunnel 5 as needed. With the muck removal route 6 located within the main transport tunnel, both hoisting and muck removal can be carried out within the same tunnel, reducing the excavation path. Furthermore, the straight-line design of the main transport tunnel shortens the muck removal route and improves muck removal efficiency.

[0074] S5. The m main tunneling units 1 simultaneously excavate the m roadways in the first stage of joint excavation. During the forward excavation of the main tunneling unit 1, the pipeline group 208 of the variable length supply pipeline system 2 is simultaneously extended and connected, while the power supply unit 3 remains stationary in the assembly chamber 4. During the forward excavation of the main tunneling unit 1, when the pipeline group 208 of the variable length supply pipeline system 2 is simultaneously extended and connected, the tail end of the pipeline group 208 is connected to the hydraulic pump station 303 of the power supply unit 3 through an intermittent fluid supply structure, enabling the hydraulic pump station 303 to provide intermittent fluid supply. The specific process is as follows: The first oil pump 1.4 of the hydraulic pump station 303 pumps the hydraulic oil in the oil tank 1.5 to the pipeline group 208 at the tail end through the first main pipeline group 209-1 to supply fluid to the main tunneling unit 1; when the pipeline group needs to be extended, the new pipeline group is first filled with oil to remove air, in order to prevent air lock (cavitation) and ensure the stable establishment of system pressure; then the first oil pump 1.4 is stopped, and one end of the new pipeline group is connected to the third interface of the first multi-port connector 207-1, and the other end is connected to the fixed multi-port connector 207-3 on the hydraulic pump station 303 through the second main pipeline group 209-2; then the connection between the first main pipeline group 209-1 and the first multi-port connector 207-1 is disconnected; the first oil pump 1.4 is started and the passage between the fixed multi-port connector 207-3 and the second main pipeline group 209-2 is opened to complete the extension of the new pipeline group. This repeated operation allows for the simultaneous extension and connection of the pipeline grouping 208 of the variable length supply pipeline system 2, while intermittently supplying fluid to the main tunneling unit.

[0075] S6. After completing the first phase of joint excavation, m main tunneling units 1 quickly retreat along the original route to the main transport tunnel 5.

[0076] S7. Select the appropriate main tunneling unit 1 based on proximity, and repeat steps S3 to S6 until the excavation of n tunnels is completed. If m = n at this point, all tunnels are fully excavated, and proceed directly to step S8. If m < n, select e main tunneling systems 1 from the m main tunneling systems 1 according to proximity to simultaneously excavate the remaining nm tunnels in the second stage of joint excavation, where e is greater than or equal to 1 and e ≤ m. If m = n, all tunnels are fully excavated, and proceed directly to step S8.

[0077] S8, power supply unit 3, and main tunneling unit 1 are moved to the main transport tunnel 5 according to the principle of proximity or hoisted out according to the principle of proximity to the farthest point. As mentioned above, by following the principles of "from far to near," "from near to far," and "proximity," the equipment transportation route is optimized, reducing hoisting time and costs. Through a shared muck removal system and pipeline connection system, multiple main units can operate synchronously, improving construction efficiency. Standardized construction procedures reduce manual intervention and operational complexity, improving safety and construction stability.

[0078] It should be noted that the process of the main tunneling unit 1 rapidly retracting along the original route in step 6 is as follows: S6.1 Remove the belt conveyor at the bottom of the main tunneling unit and disconnect the variable length supply pipeline system 2 between the main tunneling unit 1 and the power supply unit 3; to create favorable conditions for retraction.

[0079] S6.2 The pipeline group 208 of the variable length supply pipeline system 2 is sequentially closed at one end of the pipeline track 201 near the assembly chamber 4; that is, the closure of the pipeline is completed first.

[0080] S6.3 The trackless flatcar 50 moves to the main tunneling unit 1, and the lifting support platform 52 of the trackless flatcar 50 is pushed out and fixedly connected to the main tunneling unit 1.

[0081] The front folding side block of the S6.4 foldable cutterhead 101 rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise relative to the center block and folds forward; the rear folding side block rotates 90 degrees clockwise relative to the center block and folds backward, completing the folding and diameter reduction of the foldable cutterhead 101; the tunneling machine cutterhead and shield are retracted to the minimum radius, so that they are separated from the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall and the retraction resistance is reduced.

[0082] The S6.5 variable diameter shield 102 changes its diameter through a variable diameter hydraulic cylinder, that is, the four segmented shields retract inward and detach from the rock wall; thus achieving the purpose of reducing the diameter of the shield.

[0083] The main tunneling unit 1 and the trackless flatcar 50 retract synchronously. A walking frame 60 is laid outside the tunnel to provide a moving track for the trackless flatcar 50, enabling the main tunneling unit 1 to safely retract into the tunnel, completing the rapid retraction of the tunneling machine. This method, through cutterhead folding, shield removal, and the use of a trackless flatcar, achieves rapid and stable retraction of the entire tunneling machine under complex working conditions, reducing the large workload and long time consumption of dismantling, and significantly improving construction efficiency and mobility. According to this invention, the reliance on tracks during traditional retraction is significantly reduced, adapting to complex tunnel environments.

[0084] Example 11, a tunneling method for a tunneling machine, differs from Example 10 in that this example uses the super-mobile full-face tunneling machine described in Example 9. During the forward tunneling process of the main tunneling unit 1, when the pipeline group 208 of the variable length supply pipeline system 2 is synchronously extended, the tail pipeline group 208 is connected to the hydraulic pump station 303 of the power supply unit 3 through an uninterrupted fluid supply structure, and the hydraulic pump station 303 can provide uninterrupted fluid supply. Specifically, the first oil pump 1.4 of the hydraulic pump station 303 pumps the hydraulic oil in the oil tank 1.5 to the tail pipeline group 208 through the first main pipeline group 209-1 to supply fluid to the main tunneling unit 1. When the pipeline group needs to be extended, the passage between the first multi-port connector 207-1 and the pipeline group 208 to be connected is opened, and the second electric reversing valve is adjusted. 2.2 Open the passage between the second overflow pipe 2.3 and the oil tank 1.5; the first oil pump 1.4 fills a portion of the oil into the pipeline assembly 2081 to be connected, in order to expel the air in the pipeline assembly 2081 to be connected, prevent air lock (cavitation) and ensure the stable establishment of system pressure; then open the second oil pump 1.5 and close the first oil pump 1.4, the second oil pump 1.5 pumps the hydraulic oil in the oil tank 1.5 through the second main pipeline assembly 209-2 to the pipeline assembly 208 at the tail end to supply fluid to the main tunneling unit 1; then disconnect the connection between the first main pipeline assembly 209-1 and the first multi-connector 207-1, and connect to the next new pipeline assembly; repeating this operation can realize the simultaneous extension of the pipeline assembly 208 of the variable length supply pipeline system 2 while providing uninterrupted fluid supply to the main tunneling unit.

[0085] Other key steps in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 3As shown, (1) Plan and determine the optimal location of the cluster-supporting control system; according to the distribution characteristics of the roadway cluster, first count the number and distance of the rock roadways to be excavated, and determine the optimal location of the cluster control system; shorten the total length of the liquid supply pipeline to reduce energy consumption and cost. Realize multi-host synchronous liquid supply through centralized liquid supply control station to ensure fluid transport stability and construction efficiency. In this embodiment, n=10 is taken as an example, (2) configure m host tunneling systems according to the total output pressure value of the supporting system and the roadway length. In this embodiment, m=3 is taken as an example; the 3 host tunneling systems are hoisted to the starting position of the 3 roadways to be excavated through the main transport tunnel 5; (3) the 3 host tunneling systems simultaneously carry out the first stage of joint excavation of the 3 roadways farthest from the assembly chamber among the 10 roadways; (4) after the first stage of excavation is completed, the 3 host tunneling systems are withdrawn to the main transport tunnel in the reverse order of the original route; (5) install from far to near, select 3 roadways from the remaining 7 roadways, and the 3 host tunneling systems simultaneously carry out the second group (6) After the second stage of excavation is completed, the three main tunneling systems are withdrawn to the main transport tunnel in the reverse order of the original route. (7) The remaining three tunnels are selected from the remaining four tunnels in the order of distance. The three main tunneling systems are simultaneously excavated in the third stage of the three tunnels of the third group. (8) After the third stage of excavation is completed, the three main tunneling systems are withdrawn to the main transport tunnel in the reverse order of the original route. (9) According to the principle of proximity, the main tunneling machine that is closer to the last tunnel to be excavated is selected to carry out the final stage of excavation of the remaining tunnel. At the same time, the remaining two main tunneling machines can be withdrawn at the same time. When the final stage of excavation is completed, the corresponding main tunneling machine is withdrawn. The excavation of all preset tunnels is completed. Complex working conditions: Connecting the shield support cylinder: When the retraction force of the trackless flatcar is insufficient, the electric drive pipeline of the tunneling machine shield support cylinder is connected to the trackless flatcar control system to provide power for the shield. Shield and stabilizer deployment: Activate the shield support cylinder to deploy the tunneling machine's shield, tighten the surrounding rock, and provide a retraction reaction force for the trackless flatcar through the propulsion cylinder to overcome the jamming problem.

[0086] like Figure 13As shown, the trackless flatcar 50 during the retraction process includes a lifting support platform 52. The lifting support platform 52 has tracked rollers 51 and auxiliary supports 53 on both sides, and a lifting balance support 54 at its bottom. The tracked rollers 51 feature a high-strength track design, enabling the flatcar to move autonomously without tracks and adapt to complex tunnel environments. Driven by a motor, the tracked rollers possess excellent obstacle-crossing ability and stability. The lifting support platform 52, located on top of the flatcar, is equipped with a hydraulic jacking mechanism capable of lifting the entire tunneling machine off the ground. The lifting support platform 52 has pre-drilled bolt holes for fixed connection with the main beam of the tunneling machine, ensuring load-bearing stability. The auxiliary support 53 consists of hydraulic support rods that extend and tighten against the tunnel surface, providing additional support and preventing the flatcar from tilting or sliding during retraction. The lifting balance support 54 features adjustable support wheels that can open and make slight contact with the ground surface, further balancing the trackless flatcar and ensuring the stability of the entire tunneling machine during retraction. The trackless flatcar also includes a control system that integrates automated control technology to monitor and adjust the flatcar's lifting, support, balance, and movement status in real time. The control system achieves precise control through sensors and hydraulic actuators, ensuring efficiency and safety during the retraction process.

[0087] The working process of the trackless flatcar: 1. Move to the designated position by itself: The trackless flatcar moves to the designated position under the tunneling machine by controlling the tracked rollers through the control system.

[0088] 2. Lifting the bearing platform: Activate the hydraulic lifting mechanism of the lifting bearing platform 52 to lift the platform to contact the main beam of the tunneling machine, and fix the bearing platform to the main beam of the tunneling machine through the reserved bolt holes.

[0089] 3. Extended support mechanism: The auxiliary support 53 is extended by controlling the control system to tighten the trackless flatcar against the roadway ground and provide additional support.

[0090] 4. Activate the balancing mechanism: Start the lifting balancing support 54 to make slight contact with the ground surface, further balancing the trackless flatcar and ensuring the stability of the entire tunneling machine during the retraction process.

[0091] 5. Automated control retraction: The control system monitors the flatcar status in real time and dynamically adjusts the jacking force, support position, and movement path to ensure the safe and efficient retraction of the tunneling machine.

[0092] In this embodiment, automated control enables stable lifting and efficient movement of the entire tunneling machine, reducing the complexity of manual operation and construction risks. Multiple safeguards from the support and balancing mechanisms ensure the safety and stability of the retraction process. The aforementioned trackless flatcar-based rapid retraction method for tunneling machines, through a systematic operation process, achieves rapid and safe retraction of the tunneling machine under complex working conditions, significantly improving construction efficiency.

[0093] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A super-mobile full-face tunneling machine, characterized in that: It includes a main tunneling unit (1) and a power supply unit (3) that are set up separately. The power supply unit (3) is connected to N main tunneling units (1) through a variable length supply pipeline system (2), where N is greater than or equal to 1. During the tunneling process of the main tunneling unit (1), the variable length supply pipeline system (2) extends synchronously with the tunneling of the main tunneling unit (1).

2. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable length supply pipeline system (2) connects the folded grouped pipelines in series by a splicing device.

3. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting device includes a pipeline extension mechanism (210), and the folded grouped pipeline includes several pipeline groups (208). Two adjacent pipeline groups (208) are connected by a multi-port connector (207). The pipeline extension mechanism (210) is connected to the pipeline group (208) and drags the pipeline group (208) along the pipeline track (201) set on the tunnel wall. The head of the pipeline group (208) is connected to the main tunneling unit (1), and the tail of the pipeline group (208) is connected to the power supply unit (3).

4. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pipeline assembly (208) at the tail end is connected to the hydraulic pump station (303) of the power supply unit (3) through an intermittent liquid supply structure; the intermittent liquid supply structure includes a first multi-port joint (207-1) located at the rear of the pipeline assembly (208) at the tail end, and the first multi-port joint (207-1) is connected to a fixed multi-port joint (207-3) located on the hydraulic pump station (303) through a first main pipeline group (209-1); when a new pipeline assembly (208) is connected, after the new pipeline assembly is filled with liquid, it is connected to the fixed multi-port joint (207-3) through a second multi-port joint (207-2) and a second main pipeline group (209-2) at the rear of the new pipeline assembly (208).

5. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The tail section of the pipeline assembly (208) is connected to the hydraulic pump station (303) of the power supply unit (3) via an uninterrupted fluid supply structure. The uninterrupted fluid supply structure includes the pipeline assembly to be connected (2081) and a first multi-port connector (207-1) located at the rear of the tail section of the pipeline assembly (208). The first multi-port connector (207-1) is connected to a fixed multi-port connector I (207-31) located on the hydraulic pump station (303) via a first main pipeline assembly (209-1). A first overflow pipe (1.3) is provided between the fixed multi-port connector I (207-31) and the hydraulic pump station (31); the second multi-port connector (207-2) at the rear of the pipeline assembly to be connected (2081) is connected to the fixed multi-port connector II (207-32) on the hydraulic pump station (303) through the second main pipeline assembly (209-1); a second overflow pipe (2.3) is provided between the fixed multi-port connector II (207-32) and the hydraulic pump station (303).

6. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first overflow line (1.3) corresponds to the first oil pump (1.4) of the hydraulic pump station (31), and a first electric directional valve (1.2) is provided on the pipeline between the first overflow line (1.3) and the fixed multi-port connector I (207-31); the second overflow line (2.3) corresponds to the second oil pump (2.4) of the hydraulic pump station (31), and a second electric directional valve (2.2) is provided on the pipeline between the second overflow line (2.3) and the fixed multi-port connector II (207-32).

7. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: The pipeline extension mechanism (210) includes a monorail crane (202), the pipeline track (201) is a segmented crane beam, the monorail crane (202) is mounted on the crane beam, and the monorail crane (202) is connected to the pipeline assembly (208) at the head; the pipeline track (201) is provided with a limit brake (206) to restrict whether the pipeline assembly (208) moves or not.

8. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pipeline group (208) includes a supply pipeline (205), and several pipeline tows (203) are connected to the supply pipeline (205). The pipeline tows (203) are slidably or slidably connected to the crane beam, and two adjacent pipeline tows (203) are connected by tension ropes (204).

9. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pipeline track (201) is also equipped with a retraction device at the tail end; the retraction device includes a winch (212), which is located at the rear end of the pipeline track (201). A wire rope (213) is wound on the winch (212), and the free end of the wire rope (213) is detachably connected to the pipeline tow bar (203) of the pipeline group (208) at the head.

10. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, 8, and 9, characterized in that: The main tunneling unit (1) includes a foldable cutterhead (101) and a variable diameter shield (102). The foldable cutterhead (101) is connected to the main drive (103) set on the main beam (108). The variable diameter shield (102) is connected to the main drive (103). The main beam (108) is provided with a support shoe (107) and a belt conveyor (1010).

11. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to claim 10, characterized in that: The foldable blade disc (101) includes a central block (1-1) and M side blocks (1-2), where M is an even number greater than or equal to 4. The M side blocks (1-2) are sequentially hinged to the outer periphery of the central block (1-1). A corresponding folding drive (1-3) is provided between the M side blocks (1-2) and the central block (1-1). Under the action of the corresponding folding drive (1-3), the M side blocks (1-2) fold forward or backward relative to the central block (1-1), and the folding directions of two adjacent side blocks are opposite.

12. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to claim 11, characterized in that: The side block (1-2) is provided with a digging mechanism (26), which includes a cutter (261) and a cutter groove (263) provided on the side block (2). The cutter (261) is fixed on the cutter shaft (262). The cutter (261) and the cutter shaft (262) are located in the cutter groove (263), and the cutter shaft (262) is connected to the cutter groove (263) through the cutter shaft pad (264). When the cutter shaft pad (264) is added, the cutter shaft (262) drives the cutter (261) to lift and dig.

13. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that: The M edge blocks (1-2) are divided into front folding edge blocks and rear folding edge blocks; the center block (1-1) is the corresponding regular M-sided block; the folding drive component (1-3) corresponding to the front folding edge block is the front folding drive component (31), and the folding drive component (1-3) corresponding to the rear folding edge block is the rear folding drive component (32); the front panel of the front folding edge block is hinged to the front of the center block (1-1) through the first hinge joint (21), and the folding surface of the front folding edge block is slidably provided with the second hinge joint (22). The front folding drive (31) is obliquely embedded in the center block (1-1) and the top of the front folding drive (31) is connected to the second hinge joint (22); the folding surface of the front folding side block is provided with a sliding groove (25), the second hinge joint (22) is slidably disposed in the sliding groove (25), and the center block (1-1) is provided with a mounting groove (11) on one side of the folding surface of the front folding side block. The front folding drive (31) is a linear telescopic cylinder, and the linear telescopic cylinder is located in the corresponding mounting groove (11).

14. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to claim 13, characterized in that: The rear part of the rear folding edge block is hinged to the rear part of the center block (1-1) through the third hinge joint (23). The folding surface of the rear folding edge block is slidably provided with the fourth hinge joint (24). The rear folding drive (32) is obliquely embedded in the center block (1-1) and the top of the rear folding drive (32) is connected to the fourth hinge joint (24). The folding surface of the rear folding edge block is provided with a sliding groove (25). The fourth hinge joint (24) is slidably provided in the sliding groove (25). The center block (1-1) is provided with a mounting groove (11) on one side of the folding surface of the rear folding edge block. The folding drive (32) is a linear telescopic cylinder. The linear telescopic cylinder is located in the corresponding mounting groove (11).

15. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to claim 14, characterized in that: The rear part of the rear folding edge block is hinged to the rear part of the center block (1-1) through the third hinge joint (23). The rear folding drive (32) is an arc-shaped drive, and the two ends of the arc-shaped drive are respectively connected to the back of the rear folding edge block and the back of the center block (1-1). The rear folding drive (32) includes an arc-shaped fixing part (321) and an arc-shaped telescopic part (322). The arc-shaped telescopic part (322) and the arc-shaped fixing part (321) form a semi-circular connection structure, and the arc-shaped telescopic part (322) and the arc-shaped fixing part (321) are detachably connected.

16. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to any one of claims 11, 12 and 15, characterized in that: The variable diameter shield (102) includes a top shield (1021), a left shield (1027), a right shield (1023), and a bottom shield (1025) arranged in sections. The top shield (1021), the left shield (1027), the right shield (1023), and the bottom shield (1025) are respectively connected to the main drive (103) through variable diameter hydraulic cylinders.

17. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to claim 16, characterized in that: The left shield (1027) and right shield (1023) are respectively hinged to the left and right sides of the bottom shield (1025). The left shield (1027) is connected to the main drive (103) through the left variable diameter cylinder (1028), the right shield (1023) is connected to the main drive (103) through the right variable diameter cylinder (1024), the bottom shield (1025) is connected to the main drive (103) through the bottom variable diameter cylinder (1026), and the top shield (1021) is connected to the main drive (103) through the top variable diameter cylinder (1022). In the perfect circle state, the left and right sides of the top shield (1021) overlap with the left shield (1027) and the right shield (1023) respectively.

18. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to claim 17, characterized in that: The tail of the main beam (108) is connected to a self-moving trolley (1012); the self-moving trolley (1012) is provided with a main pipeline front transition plate (1014) connected to the variable length supply pipeline system (2).

19. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, 8, 9, 15 and 18, characterized in that: The power supply unit (3) includes a main control room (302) and / or a hydraulic pump station (303) and / or a water circulation system (304) and / or an electrical control system (305); the main control room (302) and / or the hydraulic pump station (303) and / or the water circulation system (304) and / or the electrical control system (305) are connected to the main tunneling unit (1) via a variable length supply pipeline system (2).

20. The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine according to claim 19, characterized in that: The main control room (302) and / or the hydraulic pump station (303) and / or the water circulation system (304) and / or the electrical control system (305) are respectively installed on the corresponding trailer (301).

21. A tunneling method for a tunneling machine, characterized in that: The super-mobile full-face tunneling machine as described in claim 20 is used; the steps are as follows: S1, statistically analyze the distribution characteristics of the rock tunnel clusters to be excavated, obtain the number of tunnels n to be excavated, n is greater than or equal to 1, and determine the excavation route; S2. Excavate the main transport tunnel (5) according to the excavation route, and excavate the assembly chamber (4) in the main transport tunnel (5) and the corresponding area to be excavated. S3. Based on the number of tunnels to be excavated, the total pressure value output by the power supply unit (3) and the length of the tunnel, m main tunneling units (1) are configured accordingly, where m is greater than or equal to 1 and m≤n; the m main tunneling units (1) are transported to the starting position of each tunnel to be excavated through the main transport tunnel (5); S4. The power supply unit (3) is transported to the assembly chamber (4) through the main transport tunnel (5) and connected to the m main tunneling units (1) through the variable length supply pipeline system (2). S5, m main tunneling units (1) simultaneously carry out the first stage of joint excavation of m roadways. During the forward excavation of the main tunneling unit (1), the pipeline group (208) of the variable length supply pipeline system (2) is simultaneously extended, while the power supply unit (3) remains in place in the assembly chamber (4). S6. After completing the first stage of joint excavation, m main tunneling units (1) quickly retreat along the original route to the main transport tunnel (5). S7. Select the appropriate host tunneling unit (1) based on the principle of proximity, and repeat steps S3~S6 until the excavation of n tunnels is completed; S8, the power supply unit (3) and the main tunneling unit (1) are moved to the nearest location or hoisted out of the main transport tunnel (5) according to the principle of proximity.

22. The tunneling method according to claim 21, characterized in that: In step S5, during the forward tunneling process of the main tunneling unit (1), when the pipeline group (208) of the variable length supply pipeline system (2) is synchronously extended, the pipeline group (208) at the tail end is connected to the hydraulic pump station (303) of the power supply unit (3) through an intermittent fluid supply structure, and the hydraulic pump station (303) can perform intermittent fluid supply; the specific process is as follows: the first oil pump (1.4) of the hydraulic pump station (303) pumps the hydraulic oil in the oil tank (1.5) to the pipeline group (208) at the tail end through the first main pipeline group (209-1) to supply fluid to the main tunneling unit (1); when the pipeline group When the pipeline needs to be extended, first fill the new pipeline group with oil to purge air, then stop the first oil pump (1.4), then connect one end of the new pipeline group to the first multi-port connector (207-1) and the other end to the fixed multi-port connector (207-3) on the hydraulic pump station (303); then disconnect the connection between the first main pipeline group (209-1) and the first multi-port connector (207-1); start the first oil pump (1.4) and open the passage between the fixed multi-port connector (207-3) and the second main pipeline group (209-1); while completing the pipeline group extension, intermittent fluid supply is carried out.

23. The tunneling method according to claim 21, characterized in that: In step S5, during the forward tunneling process of the main tunneling unit (1), when the pipeline group (208) of the variable length supply pipeline system (2) is synchronously extended, the pipeline group (208) at the tail end is connected to the hydraulic pump station (303) of the power supply unit (3) through an uninterrupted fluid supply structure. The hydraulic pump station (303) can provide uninterrupted fluid supply. The specific process is as follows: the first oil pump (1.4) of the hydraulic pump station (303) pumps the hydraulic oil in the oil tank (1.5) to the pipeline group (208) at the tail end through the first main pipeline group (209-1) to supply fluid to the main tunneling unit (1); when the pipeline group needs to be extended, the first multi-port joint (207-1) is opened to connect to the pipeline group (2081) to be connected. The passage between the two is opened, and the second electric reversing valve (2.2) is adjusted to open the passage between the second overflow pipeline (2.3) and the oil tank (1.5); the first oil pump (1.4) fills a portion of the oil into the pipeline group (2081) to be connected; then the second oil pump (1.5) is opened and the first oil pump (1.4) is closed, and the second oil pump (1.5) pumps the hydraulic oil in the oil tank (1.5) to the pipeline group (208) at the tail end through the second main pipeline group (209-2) to supply fluid to the main tunneling unit (1); then the connection between the first main pipeline group (209-1) and the first multi-port joint (207-1) is disconnected, and the next new pipeline group is connected; while completing the pipeline group connection, uninterrupted fluid supply is carried out.

24. The tunneling method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that: In step S6, the process of the main tunneling unit (1) rapidly retracting along the original path is as follows: S6.1 Remove the belt conveyor at the bottom of the main tunneling unit and disconnect the variable length supply pipeline system (2) between the main tunneling unit (1) and the power supply unit (3). S6.2 The pipeline group (208) of the variable length supply pipeline system (2) is successively closed at one end of the pipeline track (201) near the assembly chamber (4); S6.3 The trackless flatcar (50) moves to the main tunneling unit (1), and the lifting bearing platform (52) of the trackless flatcar (50) is pushed out and fixedly connected to the main tunneling unit (1); The front folding edge block of the S6.4 foldable cutter head (101) rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise relative to the center block and folds forward; the rear folding edge block rotates 90 degrees clockwise relative to the center block and folds backward, thus completing the folding diameter change of the foldable cutter head (101). The S6.5 variable diameter shield (102) changes diameter through a variable diameter cylinder to break away from contact with the rock wall; S6.6 The main tunneling unit (1) and the trackless flatcar (50) retract synchronously; a stepping frame (60) is laid outside the tunnel to provide a moving track for the trackless flatcar (50), so that the main tunneling unit (1) can safely retract into the tunnel and complete the rapid retraction of the tunneling machine.

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