A drainage system for water-rich tunnels in fault fracture zones

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering technology, specifically disclosing a drainage and waterproofing system for water-rich tunnels in fault fracture zones. It includes an independent unit waterproofing system applied to each individual unit. Each independent unit is formed by dividing the fault fracture zone region through which the tunnel passes based on its longitudinal length. The independent unit waterproofing system comprises a grouting sealing layer, an initial support layer, and a lining layer arranged radially along the surrounding rock of each independent unit. An independent unit water-proofing component is provided between the interfaces of adjacent independent units, and this component is arranged circumferentially along the tunnel. This invention provides a refined design for special sections of the tunnel, preventing long-distance movement of groundwater behind the lining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering technology, and in particular to a drainage system for water-rich tunnels in fault fracture zones. Background Technology

[0002] As tunnel operations expand and road networks become more comprehensive and efficient, travel becomes more convenient. However, due to technological limitations, this growth in tunnel size also brings numerous and complex tunnel defects and problems, including those related to groundwater. These defects and problems can range from minor issues affecting operational quality to serious ones impacting structural safety and even causing accidents, and are relatively time-consuming and labor-intensive to address.

[0003] Currently, the design and construction of waterproofing and drainage systems for railway and highway tunnels are basically based on a waterproofing system (EVA waterproofing membrane + structural waterproofing) + drainage system (blind pipes + ditches). The aforementioned waterproofing and drainage systems have the following problems:

[0004] (1) Most tunnels have the same waterproofing and drainage schemes in conventional sections, with little difference in design parameters. They lack refined design and do not take into account local specific factors. They do not have a specific waterproofing and drainage design scheme for special sections (such as water-rich sections in fault fracture zones), resulting in weak waterproofing and drainage capabilities and the problem of long-distance flow of groundwater behind the lining.

[0005] (2) The presence of the waterproof membrane in the prior art allows groundwater behind the lining to flow longitudinally along the waterproof membrane. When water damage cracks or seepage occurs in the tunnel lining structure, the groundwater flows longitudinally along the waterproof membrane, making it impossible to accurately locate the source of the groundwater, which makes water damage control difficult.

[0006] (3) The drainage capacity of the existing drainage structure is weak, and it is not able to cope with extreme conditions such as high water pressure and large flow. It cannot quickly discharge groundwater and is prone to water accumulation and regional crossflow.

[0007] (4) The current drainage system does not accurately consider the external water source ecological environment of the tunnel in its design, making it difficult to maintain the stability of the groundwater level. Although some water-rich sections have considered grouting measures, the relevant grouting parameters are mostly based on empirical design and do not truly consider factors such as surface ecology and water level changes. Moreover, this type of grouting is mainly for drainage, which is contrary to the concept of green development.

[0008] (5) Most of the current drainage systems are made in one piece, and it is difficult to make changes to the relevant parameters later, and the level of intelligence is not high. Although the invention with publication number CN113446033A discloses an active pressure relief control system, the system is still simply made in one piece, and the facilities cannot be maintained or replaced later. Furthermore, the comprehensive emission indicators do not take into account the overall groundwater ecology and surface ecological environment of the site. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a drainage system for water-rich tunnels in fault fracture zones, which is designed with precision for special fault fracture sections of the tunnel to prevent groundwater from flowing long distances behind the lining.

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0011] This invention relates to a drainage and waterproofing system for water-rich tunnels in fault fracture zones, comprising an independent unit waterproofing system applied to each independent unit. The independent unit is formed by dividing the fault fracture zone region through which the tunnel passes according to its longitudinal length. The independent unit waterproofing system includes a grouting sealing layer, an initial support layer, and a lining layer arranged radially along the surrounding rock of the independent unit. An independent unit water-proof component is provided between the separation interfaces of two adjacent independent units, and the independent unit water-proof component is arranged circumferentially along the tunnel.

[0012] As an alternative technical solution, a sprayed waterproof layer is provided between the initial support layer and the lining layer, and the sprayed waterproof layer is provided along the circumferential direction of the tunnel.

[0013] As an optional technical solution, the independent unit waterproof assembly includes a waterproof strip, which has a strip-shaped structure and includes an A side wing plate and a B side wing plate. A middle web plate is provided between the A side wing plate and the B side wing plate. A drainage structure is provided on the middle web plate. The drainage structure includes a first drain pipe, a first filter layer, and a first three-dimensional woven mesh. The first drain pipe is fixedly connected to the middle web plate through a connecting base. The first filter layer is provided outside the first three-dimensional woven mesh, and the first drain pipe is provided inside the first three-dimensional woven mesh. The first three-dimensional woven mesh wraps around the entire middle web plate and the first drain pipe, and an extension portion is symmetrically provided at the position of the first drain pipe. The extension portion extends outward.

[0014] As an optional technical solution, the A side wing plate is straight, the B side wing plate is arc-shaped, the A side wing plate is entirely embedded inside the initial support layer, and the B side wing plate is entirely embedded inside the lining layer; the A side wing plate protrusion is provided on the side of the A side wing plate near the initial support layer, the B side wing plate protrusion is provided on the side of the B side wing plate near the initial support layer, and the intermediate web plate is provided with web plate protrusions near the A side wing plate and the B side wing plate respectively;

[0015] The A-side wing plate is fixed to the initial support layer by means of nails;

[0016] The material of the protrusions on side wing A and side wing B is water-swellable rubber.

[0017] As an alternative technical solution, a three-dimensional all-round drainage system is also included, which comprises a water collection and drainage component behind the lining and a groundwater drainage component. The water collection and drainage component behind the lining is applied to each independent unit, including multiple circumferential drainage strips arranged circumferentially along the independent unit and multiple longitudinal drainage strips arranged longitudinally along the independent unit. The multiple circumferential drainage strips are distributed at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the multiple longitudinal drainage strips are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, forming a drainage strip grid structure. Both the circumferential drainage strips and the longitudinal drainage strips are composed of drainage strip units.

[0018] As an optional technical solution, the drainage belt unit is installed and fixed on the surface of the initial support layer, including an installation base, a water-facing filter layer, a backwater base, a second drainage pipe, and a second three-dimensional mesh.

[0019] The mounting base includes a mounting layer and a filter cloth layer. The mounting layer is disposed on both sides of the backwater base and connected to the top of the backwater base. The filter cloth layer is disposed on the top of the mounting layer.

[0020] The backwater base is a trough-shaped structure, which is enclosed by the shell on the left and right sides and the middle part; multiple protruding ribs are arranged at intervals on the side of the backwater base facing the lining layer.

[0021] The water-facing filter layer is oriented towards the initial support layer, and the water-facing filter layer is connected to the filter cloth layer of the mounting base; a cavity is formed between the water-facing filter layer, the mounting base, and the backwater base.

[0022] The second three-dimensional woven mesh is disposed inside the cavity, and multiple second drainage pipes are disposed inside the second three-dimensional woven mesh.

[0023] As an optional technical solution, the groundwater drainage component includes a longitudinal water collection blind pipe, a side drainage ditch, a central drainage ditch, a primary horizontal drainage pipe, a secondary horizontal drainage pipe, a vertical drainage pipe, and a bottom water collection pipe.

[0024] The longitudinal water collection blind pipe is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel at the arch foot positions on both sides of the tunnel, and the longitudinal water collection blind pipe is located between the drainage strip unit and the initial support layer, and the longitudinal water collection blind pipe is connected to the drainage strip unit;

[0025] Two side drainage ditches are provided, which are located near the arch feet on both sides of the tunnel, and the central drainage ditch is located between the two side drainage ditches.

[0026] The two ends of the primary horizontal drainage pipe are respectively connected to the longitudinal water collection blind pipe and the side drainage ditch;

[0027] The two ends of the secondary transverse drainage pipe are respectively connected to the side drainage ditch and the central drainage ditch;

[0028] The bottom water collection pipe is arranged longitudinally along the tunnel and is located at the bottom of the tunnel. The bottom water collection pipe is connected to the central drainage ditch through the vertical drainage pipe.

[0029] As an alternative technical solution, an active pressure relief system is also included for each independent unit. The active pressure relief system is set on the left and right sides of the tunnel and includes a water collection pipe, a controller, a water pressure control chamber and a drain pipe.

[0030] The water pressure control room is located on both sides of the tunnel. One end of the water collection pipe extends into the surrounding rock, and the other end of the water collection pipe is connected to the drain pipe.

[0031] The end of the drain pipe away from the collection pipe is connected to the side drainage ditch; both the collection pipe and the drain pipe are equipped with electrically controlled valves; the controller is located in the water pressure control room, and the electrically controlled valves are electrically connected to the controller.

[0032] As an alternative technical solution, a three-dimensional zone water-tight system is also included, which includes at least one grouting baffle ring disposed in the surrounding rock upstream and / or downstream of the tunnel.

[0033] As an alternative technical solution, the superposition length of all the divided independent units can cover the longitudinal length of the tunnel traversing the fault fracture zone region.

[0034] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. This invention targets fault fracture zones by finely dividing them into independent units. By setting up an independent unit waterproofing system, it truly achieves independent and parallel unit waterproofing effects, ensuring that groundwater flows out from the divided independent units and preventing long-distance flow (cross-unit flow) of groundwater behind the lining and the expansion of its impact.

[0036] This invention addresses special sections, such as water-rich areas within fault fracture zones, by dividing them into independent units. Each independent unit has its own independent waterproofing system, enabling refined and specialized waterproofing and drainage design. Each independent unit independently performs waterproofing and drainage functions without interference; damage to the waterproofing system in one independent unit will not affect the waterproofing systems in other independent units; and each independent unit is capable of waterproofing and drainage. This design not only prevents long-distance flow of groundwater behind the lining but also effectively improves the waterproofing and drainage capabilities of the entire special section area.

[0037] 2. This invention eliminates the traditional waterproofing membrane and sets up a high-pressure double-adhesive sprayed waterproofing layer, which can eliminate the longitudinal gap between the initial support layer and the lining layer, improve the overall adhesion of the initial support layer and the lining layer, prevent voids behind the lining, improve the longitudinal waterproofing effect, and, combined with the micro-mesh drainage strip, can also effectively prevent groundwater from flowing between individual units behind the lining (inter-mesh flow).

[0038] 3. This invention provides a water collection and drainage component and a groundwater drainage component behind the lining. The water collection and drainage component behind the lining forms an innovative micro-mesh three-dimensional all-round drainage channel by setting an innovative drainage strip unit behind the lining and proposing an innovative arrangement of this type of drainage strip unit.

[0039] Compared to traditional drainage systems, this system can significantly increase the drainage capacity of the drainage system and improve the tunnel drainage system's ability to cope with extreme conditions of high water pressure and large flow. On the other hand, the micro-grid drainage channel can ensure that all infiltrated groundwater is discharged quickly. Even if the waterproof layer fails, the groundwater will seep out from the middle area of ​​the grid structure formed by multiple circumferential and longitudinal drainage zones, and then be discharged from the grid in any direction, effectively avoiding water accumulation and regional crossflow (grid crossflow).

[0040] In addition, the water collection and drainage components behind the lining can be matched according to the number of independent units, so that the number of water collection and drainage components behind the lining is consistent with the number of independent units. This allows the water collection and drainage components behind the lining to form an independent grid waterproof area. The drainage strip unit will form a parallel effect for each grid area, and damage to one grid waterproof area will not affect other grid waterproof areas.

[0041] 4. The active pressure relief system in this invention can dynamically control the water pressure behind the lining to be within a safe threshold. Based on real-time monitoring results, the AI ​​expert server can evaluate the current and predict the future functional status of the tunnel lining structure through comprehensive judgment and analysis based on artificial intelligence. Based on the relevant results, it can actively and autonomously determine and implement pressure relief operations, and provide reasonable suggestions for manual operation, accurately consider the external water source ecological environment of the tunnel, and maintain the stability of the groundwater level.

[0042] In this way, on the one hand, seasonal, sudden, and predictable high-pressure, high-flow-rate groundwater outside the grouting waterproof layer can be actively and controlled for drainage, quickly and efficiently reducing the water pressure behind the lining, ensuring that the water pressure is within a safe threshold, and more realistically considering factors such as surface ecology and water level changes, avoiding excessive loss of groundwater from the mountain, which is conducive to environmental and ecological protection; on the other hand, it can also completely replace the on-duty and inspection maintenance workers, acting as experts in tunnel structure safety management, further liberating physical and mental labor, and becoming more intelligent.

[0043] 5. This invention is the first to propose systematic measures for drainage and waterproofing in fault-bounded, water-rich tunnel sections. Through a series of engineering concepts including strict isolation, rapid drainage, prevention of cross-flow, and intelligent systems, it truly achieves regionalized, refined, independent, and intelligent drainage and waterproofing effects. During normal tunnel operation, no dedicated personnel are required for inspection. Even if water damage occurs in the tunnel, the source of groundwater can be quickly and accurately located, focusing the affected area within a micro-grid of an independent unit. Compared to existing drainage and waterproofing systems, which are often one-time creations and difficult to modify later, this invention can provide reasonable suggestions for subsequent manual remediation operations through comprehensive scientific and intelligent analysis.

[0044] 6. This invention designs drainage and waterproofing for fault fracture zones, proposing a specific unit division structure that allows for adaptive arrangement of the drainage and waterproofing structure according to the specific working conditions of the construction site. Furthermore, this invention uses a self-developed independent unit waterproofing component, which ensures complete independence of groundwater between two independent units, preventing longitudinal flow and enabling targeted waterproofing of each unit, thus minimizing material waste.

[0045] In addition, the invention provides a drainage system within each independent unit. The drainage system adopts a self-developed three-dimensional all-round drainage system. Through the innovative arrangement of circumferential and longitudinal drainage strips, the drainage of the independent unit can be better realized.

[0046] Finally, the present invention includes active surrounding rock drainage measures, namely an active pressure relief system, which can intelligently adjust the drainage flow rate, adjust the water pressure of the lining structure, and also protect the environment. Attached Figure Description

[0047] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the grouting area in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a front view of the independent unit waterproof component according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall arrangement of the independent unit waterproof component and drainage strip unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 4 This is Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the water collection and drainage components behind the lining in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the water collection and drainage assembly behind the lining in Embodiment 1 of the present invention from another perspective.

[0054] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage belt unit structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 8 This is Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 7 Enlarged view of the structure at point B in the middle.

[0056] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the groundwater drainage component according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a groundwater drainage component according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of a groundwater drainage component according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 12 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the active pressure relief system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the active pressure relief system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the active pressure relief system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage model of the active pressure relief system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0063] Figure 16 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the drainage model of the active pressure relief system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0064] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0065] 1. Fault fracture zone area; 10. First retaining ring; 11. Second retaining ring; 12. Grouting sealing layer; 13. Initial support layer; 14. Lining layer; 15. Sprayed waterproof layer;

[0066] 2. Waterproof strip; 20. Side wing plate A; 21. Intermediate web plate; 22. Side wing plate B; 23. Connecting base; 24. First drainage pipe; 25. Filter layer; 2501. First three-dimensional mesh; 26. Web plate protrusion; 27. Side wing plate protrusion A; 28. Side wing plate protrusion B; 29. ​​Nail;

[0067] 3. Drainage belt unit; 301. Circumferential drainage belt; 302. Longitudinal drainage belt; 30. Mounting base; 303. Mounting layer; 304. Filter cloth layer; 31. Water-facing filter layer; 32. Backwater base; 33. Second drainage pipe; 34. Second three-dimensional mesh; 35. Protruding rib;

[0068] 4. Groundwater drainage components; 40. Longitudinal water collection blind pipe; 41. Side drainage ditch; 42. Central drainage ditch; 43. Primary horizontal drainage pipe; 44. Secondary horizontal drainage pipe; 45. Vertical drainage pipe; 46. Bottom water collection pipe;

[0069] 5. Water collection pipe; 50. Controller; 51. Water pressure control room; 52. Drain pipe; 53. Crushed stone; 54. Sand and gravel; 55. Geotextile filter material. Detailed Implementation

[0070] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0071] Overall concept:

[0072] In the prior art, utility model patent CN220566097U discloses a water-rich tunnel zone drainage and waterproofing structure, including a physical barrier structure located between different hydrogeological units. The physical barrier structure comprises a lining, a waterproof slab layer, initial support, and a surrounding rock water-blocking wall arranged sequentially along the tunnel's radial direction, as well as a water-stopping component for blocking the longitudinal flow of groundwater and a grouting pipe for grouting and leak sealing, disposed between the lining, waterproof slab layer, and initial support. The longitudinal length of the physical barrier structure is 3-5m, extending 8-15m along the entire circumference of the tunnel. The middle portions of the lining, waterproof slab layer, and initial support all bulge outwards along the tunnel's radial direction, with a bulge depth of 1-1.5m, forming a ring-shaped structure for water blocking. This technical solution can physically partition different hydrogeological units, forming zoned waterproof units, and truly separate groundwater stored in the surrounding rock, groundwater seeping from the initial support, and groundwater penetrating the waterproof slab and entering behind the lining, thus preventing the spread of water hazards and quickly determining the location of water hazards. However, this technical solution has the following drawbacks:

[0073] First, it does not divide the work environment into specific categories, but only provides an abstract overview of the hydrogeological unit division.

[0074] Second, the mechanized surrounding rock grouting water-blocking system lacks specific targeting and is prone to material waste.

[0075] Third, the barrier components between the two units cannot completely block groundwater and cannot achieve complete unit independence.

[0076] Fourth, the lack of specific drainage measures inside the unit, especially the drainage measures behind the lining, will still cause longitudinal flow.

[0077] Fifth, the entire drainage and waterproofing system is not intelligent enough.

[0078] Based on this, the present invention provides a drainage and waterproofing system for water-rich tunnels in fault fracture zones. For special sections, such as water-rich sections in fault fracture zones, independent units are divided, and each independent unit has its own independent waterproofing system. This enables refined and specialized drainage and waterproofing design. Each independent unit independently performs its waterproofing and drainage functions without interference; damage to the waterproofing system of one independent unit will not affect the waterproofing systems of other independent units. This design not only prevents long-distance flow of groundwater behind the lining but also effectively improves the waterproofing and drainage capacity of the entire special section area.

[0079] Meanwhile, a micro-mesh drainage channel is provided to ensure that all infiltrated groundwater is discharged quickly. Even if the waterproof layer fails, the groundwater seeps out from the middle area of ​​the grid structure formed by multiple circumferential drainage strips 301 and multiple longitudinal drainage strips 302, and then discharges from the grid in any direction, effectively avoiding water accumulation and regional crossflow (grid crossflow).

[0080] The innovative structural design of the independent unit waterproofing components and the water collection and drainage components behind the lining achieves the purpose of preventing long-distance movement of groundwater behind the lining.

[0081] Example 1:

[0082] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides a drainage system for water-rich tunnels in fault fracture zones, including an independent unit waterproofing system. Based on the longitudinal length of the tunnel crossing the fault fracture zone 1, the tunnel crossing the fault fracture zone 1 is divided into one or at least two independent units, and the superimposed length of each independent unit can cover the tunnel crossing the fault fracture zone 1.

[0083] It is understood that the fault fracture zone mentioned in this embodiment is a commonly used term in tunnel engineering.

[0084] Specifically, the length of an independent unit needs to be determined comprehensively based on the longitudinal length of fault fracture zone region 1:

[0085] If the length of the fault fracture zone traversed by the tunnel is less than 50m, then one independent unit shall be set up in area 1 of the fault fracture zone traversed by the tunnel; if the length of the fault fracture zone traversed by the tunnel is between 50 and 90m, then at least two independent units shall be set up in area 1 of the fault fracture zone traversed by the tunnel, and the length of each independent unit shall be determined to ensure that the superimposed length of each independent unit can cover area 1 of the fault fracture zone traversed by the tunnel; if the length of the fault fracture zone traversed by the tunnel is greater than 90m, then the length of each independent unit shall be set to 50m, and similarly, its superimposed length shall be able to cover area 1 of the fault fracture zone traversed by the tunnel.

[0086] Each independent unit is equipped with an independent unit waterproofing system, which, along the radial direction of the surrounding rock, sequentially includes a grouting sealing layer 12, an initial support layer 13, and a lining layer 14. The grouting waterproofing in the radial direction of the surrounding rock and the waterproofing of the initial support layer 13, by setting a relatively low permeability coefficient compared to the fractured zone, can control the groundwater flow and have a certain water-blocking effect.

[0087] In this embodiment, a composite sprayed waterproofing material is sprayed circumferentially along the tunnel to form a sprayed waterproofing layer 15, which is located between the initial support layer 13 and the lining layer 14. Specifically, in this embodiment, a sprayed waterproofing layer 15 is sprayed circumferentially onto the initial support layer 13 to replace the traditional waterproofing membrane. The composite sprayed waterproofing material, which is bonded to both the initial support layer 13 and the lining layer 14, not only prevents groundwater from flowing along the waterproofing membrane but also effectively increases the overall performance of the initial support layer 13 and the lining layer 14.

[0088] The composite spray waterproofing material mentioned above is an existing material, and can be a cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing material, an acrylic spray waterproofing material, a polymethyl methacrylate spray waterproofing material, etc. This embodiment does not impose any limitations on it.

[0089] Each independent unit implements a full-coverage waterproofing strategy, that is, spraying waterproofing measures are applied to the entire tunnel ring. This composite spray waterproofing material needs to be sprayed evenly along the entire tunnel ring using a high-pressure spray gun to achieve full-coverage waterproofing. The timing of the application is the same as that of traditional waterproofing membrane application: that is, after the initial support layer 13 is completed and before the lining layer 14 is applied.

[0090] Waterproofing between the independent unit partitions is achieved by installing an innovative, independently developed waterproof component at the partition between the two independent units. The independent unit waterproof component includes a waterproof strip 2 and a drainage structure. Specifically, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, the water-proof strip 2 has a strip-shaped structure and is arranged around the tunnel in the circumferential direction. It mainly includes the A side wing plate 20, the B side wing plate 22 and the intermediate web plate 21.

[0091] Specifically, the A-side wing plate 20, B-side wing plate 22, and intermediate web plate 21 are all made of the same material, ordinary rubber. The A-side wing plate 20 is embedded behind the initial support, and an A-side wing plate protrusion 27 is provided near the initial support side. This A-side wing plate protrusion 27 consists of several triangular protrusions. The material of these triangular protrusions differs from that of the A-side wing plate 20; it is a water-swellable rubber material. This not only effectively blocks potential groundwater flow between the contact layers and further prevents longitudinal groundwater flow between structural layers, but also enhances the overall integrity with the initial support and improves interlayer shear resistance.

[0092] Side wing plate 22 is arc-shaped and embedded inside the lining. Opposite-direction protrusions 28 are provided on both sides of side wing plate 22. In this embodiment, the protrusions 28 are also triangular, and their function and material are the same as the triangular protrusions provided at side wing plate 20. Side wing plate 20 is fixed to the initial support layer 13 by nails 29. The lengths of both side wing plate 20 and side wing plate 22 are approximately 10-15 cm.

[0093] The intermediate web 21 is arranged parallel to the contact interface of the two independent units, connecting the A side wing plate 20, the B side wing plate 22, and the drainage structure. The intermediate web 21 has web protrusions 26 near the A side wing plate 20 and the B side wing plate 22, respectively. These are rectangular protrusions made of the same material as the intermediate web 21, which is ordinary rubber. This increases the overall deformation stiffness of the water-proof strip 2 and facilitates construction.

[0094] The drainage structure mainly includes a first drainage pipe 24, a first filter layer 25, and a first three-dimensional geotextile 2501. The entire drainage structure is positioned between the primary support and the secondary lining to collect groundwater near the unit interface. The first drainage pipe 24 is a PVC plastic pipe with inlet holes and a diameter of 2cm; the first filter layer 25 is a geotextile of a certain thickness. The first filter layer 25 is connected to the drainage pipe via the first three-dimensional geotextile 2501, and the first drainage pipe 24 is connected to the intermediate web 21 via a rubber connecting base 23. The drainage structure is approximately 20cm wide on one side.

[0095] When a small amount of groundwater flows along the contact surface between the initial support and the lining towards the vicinity of the contact surface of the independent unit, it will be blocked by the water-proof strip 2 structure, and the water will be quickly discharged from the tunnel through the drainage structure, so as not to affect the adjacent independent units. If the groundwater volume is too large, the water-proof measures such as the middle web 21 and flanges of the water-proof strip 2 will play a role in effectively preventing the groundwater from flowing to the adjacent units, and the drainage component will discharge the groundwater from the tunnel. In this embodiment, the water-proof strip 2 can truly achieve complete isolation between adjacent units by blocking groundwater, collecting groundwater, and draining groundwater.

[0096] The first three-dimensional woven mesh 2501 is a three-dimensional random mesh structure of polyethylene plastic printed using a 3D printer. This mesh structure utilizes the internal space supported by the mesh for water collection and drainage. The first three-dimensional woven mesh 2501 not only provides effective drainage space, but also provides the first drainage pipe 24 with strong toughness and pressure resistance, so that the first drainage pipe 24 will not lose its drainage function due to compression of the internal space.

[0097] It should be noted that the aforementioned water-proof strip 2 not only serves as a water barrier between the interfaces of two independent units, but also needs to be installed between the independent waterproof unit and the normal drainage section to achieve true independent waterproofing for the independent unit. The drainage section is a drainage strip mesh structure as described below, formed by multiple circumferential drainage strips 301 and multiple longitudinal drainage strips 302. That is, the independent unit water-proof component is also installed between the drainage strip mesh structures within each independent unit.

[0098] Installation method: After tunnel excavation and initial shotcreting, the water-tight strip 2 is fixed to the inner wall of the initial support layer 13 using nail gun 29 between the two steel frames at the independent unit separation point. During installation, the A-side wing plate 20 of the water-tight strip 2 is close to the initial support layer 13, and fixed with nail gun 29 along both sides of the A-side wing plate 20 near the edge, with nail gun 29 spaced every 1m along the circumference. After the water-tight strip 2 is installed and fixed, the initial support steel frame and longitudinal reinforcement are installed in the conventional manner, taking care to avoid them during concrete spraying. During the secondary lining pouring, the B-side wing plate 22 is poured inside the lining.

[0099] In this embodiment, the drainage system for water-rich tunnels in fault fracture zones also includes a three-dimensional all-round drainage system. The three-dimensional all-round drainage system includes a water collection and drainage component behind the lining and a groundwater drainage component 4. The three-dimensional all-round drainage system can ensure passive drainage of the tunnel structure and achieve tunnel drainage safety.

[0100] The water collection and drainage assembly behind the lining can collect groundwater that seeps behind the lining layer 14, and the groundwater drainage assembly 4 can discharge the groundwater collected in the water collection and drainage assembly behind the lining.

[0101] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the water collection and drainage assembly behind the lining includes multiple circumferential drainage strips 301 and multiple longitudinal drainage strips 302. The circumferential drainage strips 301 are arranged circumferentially along the tunnel, and the multiple circumferential drainage strips 301 are distributed at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The longitudinal drainage strips 302 are arranged longitudinally along the tunnel, and the multiple longitudinal drainage strips 302 are distributed at intervals circumferentially along the tunnel. The multiple circumferential drainage strips 301 and the multiple longitudinal drainage strips 302 form a drainage strip grid structure.

[0102] Specifically: combination Figure 7As shown, the circumferential drainage strip 301 and the longitudinal drainage strip 302 have the same structure, both consisting of drainage strip units 3. The drainage strip unit 3 is installed and fixed on the surface of the initial support layer 13. The drainage strip unit 3 includes a mounting base 30, a water-facing filter layer 31, a backwater base 32, a second drainage pipe 33, and a second three-dimensional mesh 34. The cross-section of this drainage strip unit 3 is shown below. Figure 7 As shown, the overall design is rectangular, with a thickness of 2-3cm and a width of 15cm-30cm. The specific dimensions are determined based on the specific working conditions.

[0103] like Figure 8 As shown, the mounting base 30 includes a mounting layer 303 and a filter cloth layer 304. The mounting layer 303 is located on both sides of the backwater base 32 and connected to the top of the backwater base 32. The filter cloth layer 304 is disposed on the top of the mounting layer 303, and a chamber structure is formed between the filter cloth layer 304 and the backwater base 32. The mounting base 30 facilitates the overall fixation of the drainage belt unit 3 on the surface of the initial support layer 13.

[0104] The backwater base 32 is a trough-shaped structure, enclosed by shells on the left and right sides and the middle section. It is the basic structure of the drainage belt unit 3, and all other structures of the drainage belt unit 3 are formed on the basis of this base. Its material is ordinary EVA plastic.

[0105] On the side of the backwater base 32 facing the lining layer 14, multiple protruding ribs 35 are arranged at intervals. The multiple protruding ribs 35 are integrally formed with the backwater base 32 or fixed in other ways, which can effectively increase the bonding force between the drainage strip unit 3 and the lining, improve the overall integrity, and ensure the installation effect of the drainage strip unit 3.

[0106] The water-facing filter layer 31 faces the initial support layer 13 and is connected to the filter cloth layer 304 of the mounting base 30. Specifically, the water-facing filter layer 31 faces the initial support layer 13 and is used to filter and collect groundwater seeping from the initial support layer 13, serving as a filter, water-receiving, and water-collecting agent. Its material is a non-woven filter cloth made of polyester fiber. The water-facing filter layer 31 is connected to the backwater base 32 via the mounting base 30, forming an integral structure. A cavity is formed between the water-facing filter layer 31, the mounting base 30, and the backwater base 32.

[0107] The second three-dimensional mesh 34 is located inside the cavity, and in this embodiment, multiple second drain pipes 33 are provided, which are spaced apart within the second three-dimensional mesh 34. The second three-dimensional mesh 34 is located between the water-facing filter layer 31 and the backwater base 32, and is an important intermediate component of the drainage belt unit 3, as well as an important drainage structure of the drainage belt unit 3.

[0108] The second three-dimensional mesh 34 is a three-dimensional random mesh structure of polyethylene plastic printed using a 3D printer. This mesh structure utilizes the internal space supported by the mesh for water collection and drainage. The second three-dimensional mesh 34 not only provides effective drainage space, but also provides strong toughness and compressive strength to the drainage strip unit 3, so that the drainage strip unit 3 will not lose its drainage function due to internal space compression after the lining layer 14 is poured.

[0109] The second three-dimensional mesh 34 has an embedded second drainage pipe 33, which mainly serves as a backup drainage channel for the drainage unit 3. Under normal operating conditions, groundwater can flow out of the tunnel through the space of the second three-dimensional mesh 34. More importantly, if the second three-dimensional mesh 34 becomes blocked or the space is compressed, the second drainage pipe 33 serves as an important drainage channel for the drainage unit 3, enabling the drainage unit 3 to also perform its efficient drainage function.

[0110] Combination Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the mounting base 30 includes a mounting layer 303 and a filter cloth layer 304, wherein the mounting layer 303 is an ordinary EVA plastic board, and the filter cloth layer 304 is a polyester fiber non-woven filter cloth; the mounting layer 303 is connected to the backwater base 32. In this embodiment, the material of the mounting layer 303 is the same as that of the backwater base 32, and the mounting layer 303 and the backwater base 32 are integrally formed.

[0111] In this embodiment, the filter cloth layer 304 and the water-facing filter layer 31 are bonded together with a waterproof and strong adhesive. The mounting base 30 in this embodiment not only effectively solves the problem of fixing the drainage belt unit 3, but also ensures the effective connection between the water-facing filter layer 31 and the backwater base 32, enhancing the overall integrity of the drainage structure.

[0112] The above-mentioned drainage strip unit 3 is constructed as follows: After the initial support layer 13 is constructed, before the waterproof layer 15 is applied, it is installed and fixed on the surface of the initial support layer 13. In terms of specific arrangement, multiple circumferential drainage strips 301 are spaced at a certain distance along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and each circumferential drainage strip 301 is arranged around the entire circumference of the tunnel; multiple longitudinal drainage strips 302 are spaced at a certain distance along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, and each longitudinal drainage strip 302 is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. Among them, each longitudinal drainage strip 302 needs to be densely arranged at the tunnel arch, side walls, and tunnel floor to enhance the drainage effect, and finally form a micro-mesh drainage pattern behind the lining.

[0113] As mentioned earlier, the grouting sealing layer 12 and the initial support layer 13 can effectively control the flow of groundwater. If the groundwater content in the fractured zone is abundant, groundwater seepage from the inner wall of the initial support layer 13 is inevitable. Most of the groundwater behind the initial support seeps out through the contact area between the drainage strip unit 3 and the initial support layer 13, and is then discharged from the tunnel through the grid-like arrangement of circumferential drainage strips 301 and longitudinal drainage strips 302. On the other hand, the sprayed waterproof material is tightly bonded to the initial support layer 13, making it difficult for groundwater to seep out from behind the initial support layer 13 in this area. If the sprayed waterproof layer 15 is damaged or its waterproof function fails, groundwater seeping from the inner wall of the initial support layer 13 within the grid can also be discharged through the drainage strip units 3 around the grid. The grid-like drainage arrangement can not only effectively drain the seeping groundwater, but also effectively intercept groundwater within the grid, preventing groundwater cross-flow.

[0114] Furthermore, the water collection and drainage components behind the lining also need to be set up as independent units, so that the water collection and drainage functions behind the lining are completed within the independent units, and the units do not interfere with each other, which can effectively prevent the crossflow of groundwater behind the lining. The length of the aforementioned longitudinal drainage strip 302 is set according to the length of the independent unit, and it is broken at the interface between two independent units, and is separated by the water-proof strip 2 in this embodiment, so as to realize independent drainage behind the lining between the two independent units.

[0115] In this embodiment, as Figure 9 As shown, the groundwater drainage assembly 4 includes a longitudinal water collection blind pipe 40, a side drainage ditch 41, a central drainage ditch 42, a primary transverse drainage pipe 43, a secondary transverse drainage pipe 44, a vertical drainage pipe 45, and a bottom water collection pipe 46. This groundwater drainage assembly 4 is used to receive the groundwater flow collected and drained by the drainage strip unit 3 in the water collection and drainage assembly behind the lining, as well as the groundwater flow from the active pressure relief system described below.

[0116] Combined Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, there are two longitudinal water collection blind pipes 40, which are arranged longitudinally along the tunnel at the arch foot positions on both sides of the tunnel, and are located between the drainage strip unit 3 and the initial support layer 13. In this embodiment, the two longitudinal water collection blind pipes 40 are located in the middle of the longitudinal drainage strip 302 at their corresponding positions, and the longitudinal water collection blind pipes 40 are connected to the drainage strip unit 3; the length of the longitudinal water collection blind pipes 40 is the same as the length of the aforementioned longitudinal drainage strip 302, and they also need to be broken at the dividing section of the independent unit and separated by the water-proof strip 2.

[0117] There are two side drainage ditches 41, which are located near the arch feet on both sides of the tunnel. The central drainage ditch 42 is located between the two side drainage ditches 41 and is centrally located.

[0118] The two ends of the primary transverse drainage pipe 43 are connected to the longitudinal water collection blind pipe 40 and the side drainage ditch 41, respectively; the two ends of the secondary transverse drainage pipe 44 are connected to the side drainage ditch 41 and the central drainage ditch 42, respectively; the longitudinal water collection blind pipe 40 is responsible for collecting and gathering the groundwater seeping from the initial support layer 13 collected inside the micro-mesh drainage strip unit 3, and then discharging it out of the tunnel through the primary transverse drainage pipe 43.

[0119] The primary transverse drainage pipe 43 is connected to the longitudinal water collection blind pipe 40 using a tee. Multiple primary transverse drainage pipes 43 are provided, spaced longitudinally along the tunnel, with a maximum longitudinal interval of 5 meters between adjacent primary transverse drainage pipes 43. In this embodiment, at least four primary transverse drainage pipes 43 are provided in each independent unit. The primary transverse drainage pipes 43 discharge groundwater to the tunnel side drainage ditch 41. The side drainage ditch 41 then collects groundwater from both sides of the tunnel through secondary transverse drainage pipes 44, which then drain it into the central drainage ditch 42 and out of the tunnel.

[0120] In this embodiment, the diameter of the secondary transverse drainage pipe 44 is at least two sizes larger than the diameter of the primary transverse drainage pipe 43, which can speed up the drainage. There are also multiple secondary transverse drainage pipes 44, which are distributed longitudinally along the tunnel. The longitudinal interval between adjacent secondary transverse drainage pipes 44 can be appropriately increased, that is, the longitudinal interval between adjacent secondary transverse drainage pipes 44 is greater than the longitudinal interval between adjacent primary transverse drainage pipes 43.

[0121] In addition, to further effectively and quickly drain groundwater at the bottom of the tunnel, a bottom water collection pipe 46 is also installed at the bottom of the tunnel. Its function and layout are the same as the longitudinal water collection blind pipe 40. That is, the bottom water collection pipe 46 is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and is located at the bottom of the tunnel. The bottom water collection pipe 46 is connected to the central drainage ditch 42 through the vertical drainage pipe 45.

[0122] Groundwater inside the bottom water collection pipe 46 is discharged directly into the central drainage ditch 42 through the vertical drainage pipe 45. The vertical drainage pipe 45 is connected to the bottom water collection pipe 46 through a plastic tee.

[0123] In this embodiment, a one-way valve is installed inside the vertical drainage pipe 45 to control the flow of groundwater from the bottom water collection pipe 46 to the central drainage ditch 42 at a certain water head height, preventing backflow. The vertical drainage pipe 45 has a T-shaped structure, with drainage outlets on both sides, and both drainage outlets on both sides of the vertical drainage pipe 45 are downward-facing. This design not only further prevents the backflow of groundwater in the central drainage ditch 42, but also effectively creates a certain siphon effect during groundwater drainage, ensuring that all groundwater at the bottom is efficiently drained.

[0124] The side drainage ditches 41 and the central drainage ditch 42 on both sides are longitudinally connected to the tunnel, so there is no need for independent cutting between units.

[0125] In this embodiment, as Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, the water-rich tunnel drainage system in the fault fracture zone provided in this embodiment also includes an active pressure relief system. The active pressure relief system is set on the left and right sides of the tunnel. The active pressure relief system includes a water collection pipe 5, a controller 50, a water pressure control chamber 51, and a drain pipe 52. Each independent unit needs to install at least one set of active pressure relief systems.

[0126] The water pressure control room 51 is located on both sides of the tunnel. Specifically, a certain space is excavated on both sides of the same mileage of the tunnel. This not only facilitates the installation of the water collection pipe 5, but also serves to lead out the water collection pipe 5, store the water pressure controller 50, and the AI ​​expert server.

[0127] One end of the water collection pipe 5 extends into the surrounding rock, and the other end of the water collection pipe 5 is connected to the drain pipe 52, such as... Figure 13 As shown, the water collection pipe 5 is a radial steel pipe that penetrates into the surrounding rock. Each active pressure relief system has two water collection pipes 5, which are located on both sides of the water pressure control chamber 51 and are installed at an angle to the outside. The water collection pipe 5 is filled with gravel 53, sand 54 and geotextile filter material 55 at its water inlet end, which together form a groundwater filtration structure.

[0128] The end of the drain pipe 52 furthest from the collection pipe 5 is connected to the side drainage ditch 41; both the collection pipe 5 and the drain pipe 52 are equipped with electrically controlled valves; the controller 50 is located in the water pressure control chamber 51, and the electrically controlled valves are electrically connected to the controller 50. The controller 50 is used to control the opening degree of the electrically controlled valves.

[0129] In this embodiment, the active pressure relief system also includes an AI expert server, and the controller 50 receives instructions from the AI ​​expert server and controls the opening degree of the electrically controlled valve.

[0130] In this embodiment, the AI ​​expert server is developed based on a large-scale artificial intelligence model algorithm, taking into account real-time rainfall Q. r Rock pressure P r Permeability coefficient of surrounding rock K r Passive drainage system flow Q p Release traffic Q y Multiple factors, including water pressure P behind the lining, are used to establish the system. l The relationship between groundwater discharge Q0 and various indicators is formed as Q0=f1(Q r P r K r Q pQ y ), P l = f2(Q r P r K r Q p Q y The corresponding functions are f1 and f2, which are the basic mapping functions.

[0131] Real-time monitoring data is aggregated to form a comprehensive big data database. Based on the basic mapping functions f1 and f2, and through machine neural network learning, a comprehensive control mapping function F(P, E, C) for the AI ​​expert server is ultimately formed, comprising three comprehensive variables: a perception layer (P), an evaluation layer (E), and a policy layer (C). The perception layer obtains monitoring data through monitoring components, including the water pressure P behind the lining. l Real-time rainfall Q r Rock pressure P r Permeability coefficient of surrounding rock K r Passive drainage system flow Q p Release traffic Q y The evaluation layer assesses the data from the perception layer's monitoring, and then the strategy layer provides corresponding decisions. Finally, the system presents the analysis results of the AI ​​expert server's comprehensive control mapping function in the form of tunnel function status displays, relevant instructions, and manual operation suggestions.

[0132] The active pressure relief system in this invention can dynamically control the water pressure behind the lining to be within a safe threshold. Based on comprehensive real-time monitoring results, it assesses the current and predicts the future functional status of the tunnel lining structure through comprehensive judgment and evaluation analysis based on artificial intelligence. Based on the relevant comprehensive results, it actively and autonomously judges and implements pressure relief operations and provides reasonable suggestions for manual operation.

[0133] On the one hand, the active pressure relief system can actively and in a controlled manner drain seasonal, sudden, and predictable high-pressure, high-flow-rate groundwater outside the grouting sealing layer 12, quickly and efficiently reducing the water pressure behind the lining, ensuring that the water pressure is within a safe threshold, and avoiding excessive loss of groundwater from the mountain. On the other hand, it can also completely replace the on-duty and inspection maintenance workers, acting as experts in tunnel structure safety management, further liberating physical and mental labor.

[0134] In this embodiment, as Figure 1As shown, the drainage system for water-rich tunnels in fault fracture zones also includes a three-dimensional regional water-tightening system. This system includes grouting baffles. Based on the three-dimensional spatial morphology of the fault fracture zone, grouting baffles are installed in the surrounding rock upstream and / or downstream of the tunnel. These baffles control the water-rich area affected by the fault fracture zone within the baffled area, effectively preventing groundwater from flowing longitudinally within the surrounding rock. This provides a prerequisite guarantee for the effective operation of the subsequent drainage system and for controlling the influence range of the lining structure.

[0135] The location and number of grouting retaining rings need to be determined based on the three-dimensional spatial morphology of the fault fracture zone. If the fault fracture zone crosses the tunnel axis almost perpendicularly (i.e., with an inclination angle of 75-90 degrees), then one grouting retaining ring needs to be placed on each of the upstream and downstream sides of the tunnel. If the inclination angle of the fault fracture zone is less than 75 degrees but greater than 45 degrees, then two grouting retaining rings need to be placed on the inclined side of the fault fracture section, and one grouting retaining ring on the other side. If the inclination angle of the fault fracture zone is less than 45 degrees but greater than 5 degrees, then only two grouting retaining rings need to be placed on the inclined side of the fault fracture section. Figure 1 The first baffle ring 10 and the second baffle ring 11 are shown in the diagram. The specific mileage, interval, and thickness of the grouting baffle rings are determined based on the degree of fracture of the fault fracture zone, water content, and the overall integrity of the surrounding rock in other areas.

[0136] In summary, the water prevention and drainage system for water-rich tunnels in fault fracture zones provided by the embodiments of the present invention specifically involves a three-dimensional regional water-proofing system, an independent unit waterproofing system, a three-dimensional all-round drainage system, and an active pressure relief system.

[0137] Based on a specific engineering example, the drainage and waterproofing system for water-rich tunnels in fault fracture zones proposed in this invention was installed. The installation process is as follows:

[0138] First, during the excavation process, control rooms are excavated on both the left and right sides of the mileage section to facilitate the later installation of equipment. The water pressure control room 51 is located behind the initial support layer 13, with a radial depth of 1m, a height of 1.5m, a longitudinal length of 2m, and a bottom elevation of 0.5m below the top of the cable trench.

[0139] After the excavation of the water pressure control room 51 was completed, the steel arch frame, steel mesh, and shotcrete were constructed as usual.

[0140] When setting an independent unit with a length of 30m, and constructing the initial support layer 13, the aforementioned water-proof strip 2 is pre-installed at the interface separating the two independent units.

[0141] After the working face has been excavated forward a certain distance, the invert arch is closed into a ring, the water-proof strip 2 is completed, and the remaining waterproofing and drainage measures are then implemented.

[0142] Set an independent unit length of 30m, use a 50mm diameter grouting pipe for the entire ring, grout the radial section for waterproofing, and take a circumferential thickness of 3-5m for the grouting area.

[0143] Based on the three-dimensional spatial orientation of the fault fracture zone, the dip angle is close to 45 degrees, indicating a downstream orientation. Therefore, two grouting baffle rings are installed downstream. The first baffle ring 10 is 7m thick and 3m long longitudinally; the second baffle ring 11 is 5m away from the first baffle ring 10, 10m thick, and 3m long longitudinally.

[0144] In the expanded excavation pressure relief control room, two upward-sloping pressure relief holes are constructed, and water collection pipes 5 are installed. The bottom of the water collection pipes 5 is pre-filled with crushed stone 53, sand 54, and geotextile filter material 55.

[0145] The aforementioned drainage strip units 3 are installed at 3m intervals along the entire circumference, and at 2m intervals along the longitudinal direction, with reinforcement at the arch, sidewalls, and tunnel floor. Each circumferential drainage strip 301 is 30cm wide, and each longitudinal drainage strip 302 is 20cm wide. A nail gun is used for installation, and the strips are fixed to the mounting base 30, on which a row of spaced nails 29 are installed. At the junction of the longitudinal and circumferential drainage strip units 3, the longitudinal drainage strip 302 is disconnected, maintaining circumferential unobstructed flow. The junctions are subsequently fixed using rivets and pressure strips. Relevant monitoring components are then installed.

[0146] When constructing the longitudinal drainage strip 302 at the tunnel bottom and sidewalls, pre-embed longitudinal water collection blind pipes 40, which are connected to the primary transverse drainage pipes 43 via tees. The primary transverse drainage pipes 43 are spaced 5m apart longitudinally. Pre-embed bottom water collection pipes 46, which are connected to the vertical drainage pipes 45 via tees. The vertical drainage pipes 45 are spaced 5m apart. The diameter of the aforementioned longitudinal water collection blind pipes 40 is 75mm, the diameter of the primary transverse drainage pipes 43 is 90mm, the diameter of the bottom water collection pipes 46 is 75mm, and the diameter of the vertical drainage pipes 45 is 50mm.

[0147] After the drainage belt unit 3 is fixed, a high-pressure spray gun is used to spray the prepared composite material onto the surface of the initial support layer 13 to form a sprayed waterproof layer 15 for full-ring waterproofing.

[0148] Construct the invert arch lining and invert arch filling, and pre-embed secondary transverse drainage pipes 44 and central drainage ditch 42.

[0149] Construct a pressure relief control room, a water pressure controller 50, and an AI expert server; connect relevant monitoring data lines; and install a large AI expert model.

[0150] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0151] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A waterproof and drainage system for a water-rich fault fracture zone tunnel, characterized by, The waterproof system for each independent unit is arranged in the independent unit divided according to the longitudinal length of the tunnel passing through the fault fracture zone; the waterproof system for each independent unit comprises a grouting blocking layer, an initial support layer and a lining layer arranged in the radial direction of the surrounding rock of the independent unit in sequence, and an independent unit water isolation assembly is arranged between the partition interfaces of two adjacent independent units and arranged in the ring direction of the tunnel; The independent unit water isolation assembly comprises a water isolation belt, which is in a belt structure and comprises an A-side wing plate and a B-side wing plate; an intermediate web plate is arranged between the A-side wing plate and the B-side wing plate, and a drainage structure is arranged on the intermediate web plate; the drainage structure comprises a first drainage pipe, a first filter layer and a first three-dimensional mesh; the first drainage pipe is fixedly connected with the intermediate web plate through a connecting base, the first filter layer is arranged outside the first three-dimensional mesh, and the first drainage pipe is arranged inside the first three-dimensional mesh; the first three-dimensional mesh wraps the entire intermediate web plate and the first drainage pipe, and an extension part is symmetrically arranged at the position of the first drainage pipe and outwardly extends; The A-side wing plate is in a straight plate shape, the B-side wing plate is in an arc shape, the A-side wing plate is entirely embedded in the initial support layer, and the B-side wing plate is entirely embedded in the lining layer; an A-side wing plate protrusion is arranged on the side of the A-side wing plate close to the initial support layer, a B-side wing plate protrusion is arranged on the side of the B-side wing plate close to the initial support layer, and web plate protrusions are respectively arranged on the sides of the intermediate web plate close to the A-side wing plate and the B-side wing plate; the A-side wing plate is fixed with the initial support layer through nail shooting; the A-side wing plate protrusion and the B-side wing plate protrusion are made of water-swelling rubber; The first three-dimensional mesh is a polyethylene plastic three-dimensional random mesh structure printed by a 3D printer, which collects and drains water in the internal space supported by the mesh; the first three-dimensional mesh not only provides an effective drainage space, but also provides strong toughness and pressure resistance for the first drainage pipe, so that the first drainage pipe will not lose the drainage function due to internal space compression; The three-dimensional omnidirectional drainage system comprises a lining back water collection and drainage assembly and a groundwater drainage and guide assembly; the lining back water collection and drainage assembly is applied to each independent unit and comprises a plurality of ring-direction drainage belts arranged in the ring direction of the independent unit and a plurality of longitudinal drainage belts arranged in the longitudinal direction of the independent unit; the plurality of ring-direction drainage belts are distributed in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel at intervals, the plurality of longitudinal drainage belts are distributed in the ring direction of the tunnel at intervals, and the plurality of ring-direction drainage belts and the plurality of longitudinal drainage belts form a drainage belt grid structure; the ring-direction drainage belt and the longitudinal drainage belt are both composed of a drainage belt unit; The drainage belt unit is mounted and fixed to the surface of the initial support layer and comprises a mounting base, a water-adjacent filter layer, a water-opposite base, a second drainage pipe and a second three-dimensional mesh; The mounting base comprises a mounting layer and a filter cloth layer, the mounting layer is arranged on both sides of the water-opposite base and connected with the top of the water-opposite base, and the filter cloth layer is arranged on the top of the mounting layer; The backwater base is a whole groove structure, which is surrounded by the left and right sides and the middle part of the shell; a plurality of protruding ribs are arranged on the side of the backwater base facing the lining layer; The water-adjacent filter layer is arranged on the primary support layer, and the water-adjacent filter layer is connected with the filter cloth layer of the mounting base; the water-adjacent filter layer, the mounting base and the backwater base form a cavity; The second three-dimensional mesh is arranged in the cavity, and a plurality of second drainage pipes are arranged in the second three-dimensional mesh; The second three-dimensional mesh is a polyethylene plastic three-dimensional random mesh structure printed by a 3D printer, which collects and drains water in the internal space supported by the mesh; the second three-dimensional mesh not only provides an effective drainage space, but also provides strong toughness and pressure resistance for the drainage belt unit, so that the drainage belt unit after the lining layer is poured will not lose the drainage function due to the compression of the internal space; The underground water drainage assembly comprises a longitudinal water collecting blind pipe, side drainage ditches, a central drainage ditch, a first horizontal drainage pipe, a second horizontal drainage pipe, a vertical drainage pipe and a bottom water collecting pipe. The vertical drainage pipe is in a T-shaped structure, both sides of the vertical drainage pipe are provided with drainage openings, and the drainage openings on both sides of the vertical drainage pipe are arranged downward, which can further prevent the reverse flow of underground water in the central drainage ditch and effectively form a certain siphon effect during the drainage of underground water, so that the bottom underground water can be efficiently and completely drained. The underground water seeps out from the middle area of the grid structure formed by the plurality of annular drainage belts and the plurality of longitudinal drainage belts, and is then drained in any direction of the grid, effectively avoiding the accumulation of water flow and the phenomenon of regional channeling.

2. The waterproof and drainage system for a water-enriched tunnel in a fault fracture zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sprayed waterproof layer is arranged between the primary support layer and the lining layer, and the sprayed waterproof layer is arranged along the annular direction of the tunnel.

3. The water-rich tunnel waterproof and drainage system of the fault fracture zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The longitudinal water collecting blind pipe is arranged at the arch springing position of the tunnel in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the longitudinal water collecting blind pipe is located between the drainage belt unit and the primary support layer, and the longitudinal water collecting blind pipe is connected with the drainage belt unit; The side drainage ditches are provided with two, and the two side drainage ditches are respectively close to the arch springing positions of the tunnel, and the central drainage ditch is located between the two side drainage ditches; The two ends of the first horizontal drainage pipe are respectively connected with the longitudinal water collecting blind pipe and the side drainage ditch; The two ends of the second horizontal drainage pipe are respectively connected with the side drainage ditch and the central drainage ditch; The bottom water collecting pipe is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the bottom water collecting pipe is located at the bottom of the tunnel, and the bottom water collecting pipe is connected with the central drainage ditch through the vertical drainage pipe.

4. The waterproof and drainage system of the water-enriched tunnel in the fault fracture zone according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also comprises an active pressure relief system applied to each independent unit, the active pressure relief system is arranged on the left and right sides of the tunnel, and the active pressure relief system comprises a water collecting pipe, a controller, a water pressure control chamber and a water discharge pipe; The water pressure control chamber is arranged on the two sides of the tunnel, one end of the water collecting pipe is deeply arranged in the surrounding rock, and the other end of the water collecting pipe is connected with the water discharge pipe; The water pressure control chamber is arranged on the two sides of the tunnel, one end of the water collecting pipe is deeply arranged in the surrounding rock, and the other end of the water collecting pipe is connected with the water discharge pipe; The drain pipe is communicated with the side edge drainage ditch away from one end of the collecting pipe; the electric control valve is installed on the collecting pipe and the drain pipe; the controller is located in the water pressure control chamber, and the electric control valve is electrically connected with the controller.

5. The waterproof and drainage system for water-enriched tunnel in fault fracture zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also included is a three-dimensional regional water isolation system, which includes at least one grouting isolation ring arranged in the upstream and / or downstream surrounding rock of the tunnel.

6. The waterproof and drainage system for water-enriched tunnel in fault fracture zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The superimposed lengths of all the divided independent units can cover the longitudinal length of the tunnel passing through the fault fracture zone region.

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