Turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation and working method

Abstract

The invention provides a turbine shaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation and a working method, and belongs to the technical field of aviation hybrid power propulsion. The problems that waste heat is wasted, water resources are not recycled, liquid hydrogen vaporization energy consumption is high and nitrogen oxide emission is difficult to control in a traditional turboshaft-fuel cell system are solved. The gas inlet channel is connected with the gas compressor, the gas compressor is connected with a cathode of the fuel cell, the fuel cell is connected with the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is connected with the gas turbine, the gas turbine is connected with the power turbine, the power turbine is connected with the generator, the power turbine is connected with the evaporator, the evaporator is connected with the combustion chamber and the power turbine, and the evaporator is connected with the condenser. The liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected with the condenser, the condenser is connected with an anode of the fuel cell, the condenser is connected with the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected with the evaporator. The invention is mainly used for hybrid power systems.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of aviation hybrid propulsion, in particular to a vortex shaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation and a working method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The continuous growth of air transportation has become a global trend, but the problem of carbon dioxide emissions accompanying it is becoming increasingly serious. According to statistics, the carbon dioxide emissions in the aviation field have accounted for more than 2% of the total global emissions, and are showing an upward trend year by year. Under this background, the development of green aviation technology is particularly urgent. Multi-electricity / fully electric aircraft has great development prospects in the aviation field.

[0003] The vortex shaft-fuel cell hybrid power system, as a new type of power solution, combines the high power output of the vortex shaft engine and the high efficiency and low emission characteristics of the fuel cell, which can significantly reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions while ensuring power performance, providing technical support for the sustainable development of the aviation field. However, in practical application, the system still has energy efficiency improvement bottlenecks, especially the optimization problem of water management and heat recovery. Low efficiency of water and heat management will limit the overall performance of the system, and cannot fully exert the advantages of hybrid power, which has deficiencies in reducing nitrogen oxide emissions and improving heat utilization. Therefore, how to improve the energy efficiency of the system and optimize its working performance, and realize the effective recycling of water and waste heat, has become the key research direction in this field.

[0004] The current industry urgently needs to develop an efficient water vapor and heat recovery scheme to further improve the overall efficiency of the hybrid power system. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the present application aims to provide a vortex shaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation and a working method to solve the problems of waste heat, non-recycling of water resources, high energy consumption of liquid hydrogen vaporization, and difficult control of nitrogen oxide emissions in traditional vortex shaft-fuel cell systems.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the application adopts the following technical scheme: a vortex shaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation, which comprises an air inlet, a compressor, a fuel cell, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a power turbine, a generator, an evaporator, a condenser, a gas-liquid separator and a liquid hydrogen storage tank, the air inlet is connected with the compressor, the outlet of the compressor is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell, the tail gas outlet of the fuel cell is connected with the combustion chamber, the gas outlet of the combustion chamber is connected with the gas turbine, the gas outlet of the gas turbine is connected with the power turbine, the output shaft of the power turbine is connected with the generator, the tail gas outlet of the power turbine is connected with the evaporator, the water vapor outlet of the evaporator is connected with the combustion chamber and the power turbine respectively, the tail gas outlet of the evaporator is connected with the condenser, the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected with the condenser, the hydrogen gas outlet of the condenser is connected with the anode of the fuel cell, the outlet of the condenser is connected with the gas-liquid separator, and the water outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the evaporator through a water pipe.

[0007] Further, the fuel cell and / or the generator are connected with an electric machine.

[0008] Further, the gas turbine is connected with the compressor.

[0009] Further, the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell.

[0010] Further, a water pump is arranged on the water pipe.

[0011] Further, air is introduced into the air inlet.

[0012] Further, the electric machine is connected with a propeller.

[0013] The application further provides a working method of the vortex shaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation, which is specifically as follows: The air inlet guides external air into the compressor, the air is compressed in the compressor and then enters the cathode of the fuel cell, the tail gas of the fuel cell enters the combustion chamber for combustion, and the combustion gas first enters the gas turbine for expansion and work; then enters the power turbine, and the output shaft power of the power turbine drives the generator to generate electricity; The tail gas of the power turbine enters the evaporator, and the water condensed and recovered is evaporated into water vapor by part of the residual heat, then the tail gas enters the condenser, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is vaporized and heated, then enters the gas-liquid separator, the gas-liquid separator separates the water condensed and recovered from the tail gas, the remaining tail gas is directly discharged, and the water is transported to the evaporator; The hydrogen gas obtained by vaporization and heating in the condenser is transported to the anode of the fuel cell as fuel, part of the water vapor obtained by evaporation in the evaporator enters the combustion chamber for humidification combustion, and the other part cools the power turbine blades, and the fuel cell and / or the generator generates electricity.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the beneficial effects that: the present application provides a turbo-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation and working method, through the water vapor circulation and the multi-stage utilization mechanism of waste heat, effectively solves the problems of unrecycled tail gas water vapor, low waste heat utilization rate, external heat source dependent liquid hydrogen vaporization and difficult control of nitrogen oxide emission, thereby significantly improving the efficiency and environmental protection performance of the hybrid power system, reducing energy waste, optimizing emission control and simplifying the system structure.

[0015] The present application condenses and recycles the water vapor in the turbine exhaust, then injects it into the combustion chamber for humidification combustion, thereby reducing the combustion temperature and effectively inhibiting the emission of nitrogen oxides; at the same time, the working mass is increased, and the power of the hybrid power system is improved.

[0016] The present application condenses and recycles the water vapor in the turbine exhaust, then injects it into the combustion chamber for humidification combustion, thereby reducing the combustion temperature and effectively inhibiting the emission of nitrogen oxides; at the same time, the working mass is increased, and the power of the hybrid power system is improved.

[0017] The present application condenses and recycles the water vapor in the turbine exhaust, then injects it into the combustion chamber for humidification combustion, thereby reducing the combustion temperature and effectively inhibiting the emission of nitrogen oxides; at the same time, the working mass is increased, and the power of the hybrid power system is improved.

[0018] The present application uses liquid hydrogen as a fuel source, which can theoretically achieve zero carbon emission and greatly reduce environmental pollution. In addition, the system adopts condensation-vaporization integrated design and realizes multi-stage utilization of waste heat, reducing the overall complexity and weight. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which form a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the application, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application. The embodiments of the present application illustrated in the drawings and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a connection structure of a turbo-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation according to the present application; In the drawings: 1- inlet channel, 2- compressor, 3- fuel cell, 4- combustion chamber, 5- gas turbine, 6- power turbine, 7- generator, 8- evaporator, 9- condenser, 10- gas-liquid separator, 11- liquid hydrogen storage tank, 12- water pump, 13- motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments.

[0021] Referring to Figure 1 The present embodiment is described below. A turbo-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation includes an air inlet 1, a compressor 2, a fuel cell 3, a combustion chamber 4, a gas turbine 5, a power turbine 6, a generator 7, an evaporator 8, a condenser 9, a gas-liquid separator 10 and a liquid hydrogen storage tank 11. The air inlet 1 is connected to the compressor 2. The outlet of the compressor 2 is connected to the cathode of the fuel cell 3. The tail gas outlet of the fuel cell 3 is connected to the combustion chamber 4. The gas outlet of the combustion chamber 4 is connected to the gas turbine 5. The gas outlet of the gas turbine 5 is connected to the power turbine 6. The output shaft of the power turbine 6 is connected to the generator 7. The tail gas outlet of the power turbine 6 is connected to the evaporator 8. The water vapor outlet of the evaporator 8 is connected to the combustion chamber 4 and the power turbine 6, respectively. The tail gas outlet of the evaporator 8 is connected to the condenser 9. The liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 is connected to the condenser. The hydrogen gas outlet of the condenser 9 is connected to the anode of the fuel cell 3. The outlet of the condenser 9 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 10. The water outlet of the gas-liquid separator 10 is connected to the evaporator 8 through a water pipe.

[0022] In the embodiment, the fuel cell 3 and / or the generator 7 are connected to an electric machine 13. The fuel cell 3 and the generator 7 generate electricity to drive the electric machine 13. When applied to the field of aviation, the electric machine 13 is connected to a propeller to drive the propeller to rotate. The gas turbine 5 is connected to the compressor 2. The gas turbine 5 drives the compressor 2 to work by expanding the gas burned in the combustion chamber 4. A water pump 12 is arranged on the water pipe. The water separated by the gas-liquid separator 10 is delivered to the evaporator 8 by the water pump 12. The fuel cell 3 is preferably a solid oxide fuel cell.

[0023] Air is introduced into the air inlet 1 to guide external air to enter the compressor 2 smoothly.

[0024] The compressor 2 compresses the air entering the compressor 2, and the compressed air enters the cathode of the fuel cell 3.

[0025] The air enters the cathode of the fuel cell 3, and the hydrogen enters the anode to generate electricity. The tail gas generated after the electricity generation enters the combustion chamber 4 to be burned.

[0026] The combustion chamber 4 burns the tail gas of the fuel cell 3. Meanwhile, the evaporator 8 injects water vapor into the combustion chamber 4 to reduce the combustion temperature by humidifying the combustion, thereby inhibiting the emission of nitrogen oxides and increasing the amount of working medium.

[0027] The gas turbine 5 uses the gas after combustion in the combustion chamber 4 to expand and do work, driving the compressor 2 to maintain operation.

[0028] The power turbine 6 converts the gas energy into shaft power to drive external loads.

[0029] The generator 7 generates electricity through the driving of the power turbine 6.

[0030] The evaporator 8 uses the waste heat of the turbine-expanded tail gas to evaporate the recovered water, part of the water vapor enters the combustion chamber 4 to reduce the combustion temperature and thereby inhibit the emission of nitrogen oxides, while increasing the working medium, and the other part of the water vapor enters the power turbine 6 to help turbine cooling.

[0031] The condenser 9 uses the low-temperature liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 to condense the water in the tail gas, and the waste heat in the tail gas vaporizes the liquid hydrogen, and the hydrogen gas after vaporization enters the anode of the fuel cell 3.

[0032] The gas-liquid separator 10 separates the mixture of tail gas and condensed water at the outlet of the condenser 9, the tail gas is discharged from the system, and the water is separated and then evaporated in the evaporator 8.

[0033] The liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 uses the latent heat of liquid hydrogen vaporization and the sensible heat of temperature rise to condense the water vapor in the turbine tail gas, and provides hydrogen gas for the anode of the fuel cell 3.

[0034] The water pump 12 transports the water separated by the gas-liquid separator 10 to the evaporator 8.

[0035] The motor 13 is driven by the electricity generated by the fuel cell 3 and the generator 7, and drives the corresponding components to work.

[0036] The condenser 9 condenses the water vapor in the turbine tail gas, which is then recycled and reused, realizing the water vapor circulation of the system. The liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 uses the low-temperature liquid hydrogen in the condenser 9 to condense the water vapor in the turbine tail gas, and the liquid hydrogen is vaporized into hydrogen gas and heated, which can also be directly used as fuel for the fuel cell 3 to enter the system. The mixture of water and exhaust gas obtained after condensation in the condenser 9 is separated by the gas-liquid separator 10, and the obtained water is transported to the evaporator 8 by the water pump 12. The tail gas after expansion in the power turbine 6 enters the evaporator 8 to evaporate the recovered water into water vapor, part of which enters the combustion chamber 4 for humidification low-NOx combustion, and the rest enters the power turbine 6 for turbine blade cooling. The system forms a hybrid power system through the fuel cell 3 and the power turbine 6 and the generator 7, and the generator 7 generates electricity through the fuel cell 3 and the power turbine 6 respectively, and the two parts can dynamically allocate and adjust the power according to the flight task requirements.

[0037] The embodiment is a working method of the above-mentioned turbo-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation, and specifically as follows. The air inlet 1 guides external air into the compressor 2, and the air is compressed in the compressor 2 and then enters the cathode of the fuel cell 3. The exhaust gas of the fuel cell 3 enters the combustion chamber 4 for combustion. After combustion, the gas enters the gas turbine 5 for expansion and work, driving the compressor 2 to work; and then enters the power turbine 6, and the output shaft power of the power turbine 6 drives the generator 7 to generate electricity. The high-temperature exhaust gas of the power turbine 6 enters the evaporator 8, and a small part of the waste heat evaporates the condensed water into water vapor. Then the high-temperature exhaust gas enters the condenser 9, vaporizes and heats the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11, and releases most of the waste heat to enter the gas-liquid separator 10. The gas-liquid separator 10 separates the condensed water from the exhaust gas, and the remaining exhaust gas is directly discharged. The water is transported to the evaporator 8 by the water pump 12. The hydrogen gas obtained by vaporization and heating in the condenser 9 is transported to the anode of the fuel cell 3 as fuel. Part of the water vapor obtained by evaporation in the evaporator 8 enters the combustion chamber 4 for humidification combustion, and the other part is used for power turbine 6 blade cooling. The system is used in the field of aviation. The power turbine 6 drives the generator 7 and the fuel cell 3 to work to generate electricity. In actual application, the electricity provided by the system is transported to the motor 13, and then the motor 13 drives the propeller. The two parts of the generated power can be dynamically allocated and adjusted according to the requirements of the flight task.

[0038] The above-mentioned specific embodiments of the application are only used to help explain the application. The specific embodiments do not describe all the details, nor limit the application to the specific embodiments described. According to the content of the specification, many modifications and changes can be made. The specification selects and describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the application, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the application.

Claims

1. A turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation, characterized in that: It includes an intake duct (1), a compressor (2), a fuel cell (3), a combustion chamber (4), a gas turbine (5), a power turbine (6), a generator (7), an evaporator (8), a condenser (9), a gas-liquid separator (10), and a liquid hydrogen storage tank (11). The intake duct (1) is connected to the compressor (2), the outlet of the compressor (2) is connected to the cathode of the fuel cell (3), the exhaust outlet of the fuel cell (3) is connected to the combustion chamber (4), the gas outlet of the combustion chamber (4) is connected to the gas turbine (5), and the gas outlet of the gas turbine (5) is connected to the power turbine (6). The output shaft of the power turbine (6) is connected to the generator (7), the exhaust outlet of the power turbine (6) is connected to the evaporator (8), the water vapor outlet of the evaporator (8) is connected to the combustion chamber (4) and the power turbine (6) respectively, the exhaust outlet of the evaporator (8) is connected to the condenser (9), the liquid hydrogen storage tank (11) is connected to the condenser, the hydrogen outlet of the condenser (9) is connected to the anode of the fuel cell (3), the outlet of the condenser (9) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (10), and the water outlet of the gas-liquid separator (10) is connected to the evaporator (8) through a water pipe.

2. The turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell (3) and / or generator (7) are connected to the motor (13).

3. The turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas turbine (5) is connected to the compressor (2).

4. A turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell (3) is a solid oxide fuel cell.

5. A turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water pump (12) is installed on the water pipe.

6. A turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Air is introduced into the air intake (1).

7. A turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The motor (13) is connected to the propeller.

8. A method for operating a turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The intake duct (1) guides external air into the compressor (2). After being compressed in the compressor (2), the air enters the cathode of the fuel cell (3). The exhaust gas of the fuel cell (3) enters the combustion chamber (4) for combustion. After combustion, the gas first enters the gas turbine (5) to expand and do work. Then it enters the power turbine (6). The power turbine (6) outputs shaft power to drive the generator (7) to generate electricity. The exhaust gas from the power turbine (6) enters the evaporator (8), where the water recovered from condensation is evaporated into water vapor by using some of the residual heat. Then the exhaust gas enters the condenser (9), where the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (11) is vaporized and heated. After that, it enters the gas-liquid separator (10), where the gas-liquid separator (10) separates the water recovered from condensation in the exhaust gas. The remaining exhaust gas is discharged directly, and the water is transported to the evaporator (8). Hydrogen obtained by vaporization and heating in the condenser (9) is transported to the anode of the fuel cell (3) as fuel. Part of the water vapor obtained by evaporation in the evaporator (8) enters the combustion chamber (4) for humidification and combustion, and the other part is used to cool the blades of the power turbine (6). The fuel cell (3) and / or generator (7) generate electricity.

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