Method and device for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a method and device for carrying out velocity analysis on a common midpoint seismic gather, electronic equipment, a computer readable storage medium and a computer program product. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a target common midpoint seismic trace set; based on a local plane wave equation and a dynamic correction rule, generating stacking velocity and zero-offset travel time corresponding to each sample point by utilizing the offset and the recording time corresponding to each sample point, and recording the stacking velocity and the zero-offset travel time as velocity-time pairs; identifying effective speed and zero-offset travel time in the speed time pairs corresponding to all the sample points by using a preset window range and a preset judgment rule, and recording the effective speed and zero-offset travel time as effective time pairs; based on the effective speed in the effective time pair, matching the time distribution of the zero offset travel time in the effective time pair for interpolation, and obtaining the effective speed of all moments in the target time; and pushing the effective speeds of all moments to a user terminal. By utilizing the method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, automatic speed analysis can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of seismic data processing technology, and specifically to a method, apparatus, electronic device, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers. Background Technology

[0002] When seismic waves propagate underground and encounter strata interfaces, they are reflected, forming reflected waves. These reflected waves can reflect the characteristic information of the interfaces. In seismic exploration, the travel time patterns of reflected waves on common midpoint gathers are often used for velocity analysis to obtain the equivalent velocities of underground strata.

[0003] In existing technologies, velocity analysis methods primarily generate a velocity spectrum by performing coherence analysis or superposition processing on a series of different velocity values. Subsequently, effective velocity values ​​are extracted from the velocity spectrum through human-computer interaction, thus completing the velocity analysis. However, the manual extraction step is inefficient and time-consuming. To improve overall efficiency, a sparsity strategy is typically adopted, that is, only the center points of surfaces spaced several times apart are extracted, rather than processing all center points one by one. While this method saves labor costs, it also sacrifices spatial resolution (i.e., reduces accuracy). Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present disclosure provides a solution. Embodiments of this disclosure provide a method, apparatus, electronic device, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers is provided, wherein the method includes: Obtain target common center point seismic gathers; wherein, the target common center point seismic gathers are common center point seismic gathers that require velocity analysis, and the target common center point seismic gathers include multiple sample points, each sample point containing offset and recording time; Based on the local plane wave equation and dynamic correction rules, the superposition velocity and zero offset travel time corresponding to each sample point are generated using the offset and recording time corresponding to each sample point, and recorded as a velocity-time pair. Using a preset window range and preset discrimination rules, identify the effective velocity and zero offset travel time in the velocity-time pairs corresponding to all sample points, and record them as effective time pairs. Based on the effective velocity in the effective time pair, the time distribution of zero offset travel time in the effective time pair is matched and interpolated to obtain the effective velocity at all times within the target time; wherein, the target time is defined according to the upper and lower limits of the zero offset travel time. The effective speed at all times is pushed to the user terminal.

[0006] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus for performing velocity analysis on common midpoint seismic gathers is provided, wherein the apparatus includes: The data acquisition unit is configured to: acquire target common center point seismic gathers; wherein, the target common center point seismic gathers are common center point seismic gathers for which velocity analysis is required, and the target common center point seismic gathers include multiple sample points, each sample point containing offset and recording time; The velocity-time pair generation unit is configured to: generate the superimposed velocity and zero offset travel time corresponding to each sample point based on the local plane wave equation and dynamic correction rules, using the offset and recording time corresponding to each sample point, and record them as velocity-time pairs; The effective time pair generation unit is configured to: use a preset window range and preset discrimination rules to identify the effective speed and zero offset travel time in the speed time pairs corresponding to all sample points, and record them as effective time pairs; The interpolation unit is configured to: interpolate based on the effective velocity in the effective time pair, match the time distribution of zero offset travel time in the effective time pair, and obtain the effective velocity at all times within the target time; wherein, the target time is defined according to the upper and lower limits of the zero offset travel time; The push unit is configured to push the effective speed at all times to the user terminal.

[0007] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device is provided, the electronic device comprising: a processor; a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; the processor being configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the method of the present disclosure for velocity analysis of common centroid seismic gathers.

[0008] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the storage medium storing a computer program for executing the method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers as described in the present disclosure.

[0009] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program, wherein when executed by a processor, the computer program implements the method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers as described in the present disclosure.

[0010] In summary, the method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers provided in this disclosure first constructs the local dip angle of the common midpoint gather using effective differences; then, it calculates the zero offset travel time and stacking velocity; finally, it identifies the effective velocity using proposed discrimination rules to achieve velocity analysis. In other words, the method provided in this disclosure does not require a human-computer interaction process; it only requires a global time window (i.e., a preset window range) and a discriminator upper limit (i.e., a preset discrimination rule) to achieve automatic velocity analysis. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the more detailed description of the embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of this disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this disclosure to explain the disclosure and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components or steps.

[0012] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 This is a public announcement Figure 1 An exemplary flowchart of a method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers provided in this embodiment; Figure 3 This is a public announcement Figure 1 Another exemplary flowchart of the method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers provided in the embodiments; Figure 4 This is a public announcement Figure 1 This embodiment provides another exemplary flowchart of a method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers; Figure 5 This is a public announcement Figure 1 A further exemplary flowchart of the method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers provided in the embodiments; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an apparatus for velocity analysis of a common midpoint seismic gather, provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an application embodiment of the electronic device disclosed herein. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The present disclosure will be further described below with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0014] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0015] Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the embodiments of this disclosure are only used to distinguish different steps, devices, or modules, and do not represent any specific technical meaning, nor do they indicate a necessary logical order between them.

[0016] It should also be understood that in the embodiments disclosed herein, "a plurality of" may refer to two or more, and "at least one" may refer to one, two or more.

[0017] It should also be understood that any component, data or structure mentioned in the embodiments of this disclosure can generally be understood as one or more unless expressly defined or given to the contrary in the context.

[0018] Furthermore, the term "and / or" in this disclosure is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this disclosure generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0019] It should also be understood that the description of the various embodiments in this disclosure emphasizes the differences between the various embodiments, and the similarities or similarities can be referred to each other. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail.

[0020] At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to actual scale.

[0021] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit this disclosure or its application or use.

[0022] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0023] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0024] Example 1 Figure 1This is a schematic flowchart of a method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers provided by an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. The method can be executed on a server, wherein the server may include, but is not limited to, a server or a cloud computing platform.

[0025] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 The method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers includes: S110, Obtain the target common center point seismic gather.

[0026] The target common center point seismic gather is a common center point seismic gather that requires velocity analysis. The target common center point seismic gather includes multiple sample points, and each sample point contains an offset and a recording time.

[0027] S120. Based on the local plane wave equation and dynamic correction rules, the superposition velocity and zero offset travel time corresponding to each sample point are generated using the offset distance and recording time corresponding to each sample point, and recorded as a velocity-time pair.

[0028] S130. Using a preset window range and preset discrimination rules, identify the effective speed and zero offset travel time in the speed-time pairs corresponding to all sample points, and record them as effective time pairs.

[0029] S140. Based on the effective velocity in the effective time pair, interpolate the time distribution of zero offset travel time in the effective time pair to obtain the effective velocity at all times within the target time.

[0030] The target time is defined based on the upper and lower limits of the zero offset travel time.

[0031] S150. Push the effective speeds for all moments to the user terminal.

[0032] The Common Midpoint Gather (CMP) is a collection of observational data from seismic exploration at different offsets for the same subsurface reflection point. Key parameters include the offset h and the recording time t; the offset represents the horizontal distance from the shot point (excitation point) to the receiver point (the offset varies for different traces); the recording time represents the time it takes for the seismic wave to travel from the shot point, through the subsurface reflection point, and back to the receiver point.

[0033] Alternatively, the data of a CMP gather can be expressed as: , where h and t represent the offset distance and recording time, respectively. h and t differ for different recording points.

[0034] Optionally, the "target common midpoint seismic gather" can be stored in a corresponding data server. The server, as the entity executing step S110, can obtain the "target common midpoint seismic gather" by communicating with the data server.

[0035] The specific implementation details of steps S120 to S140 are described below and will not be repeated here.

[0036] Since the steps described in Embodiment 1 are executed on the server side, the final processing result, "that is, the effective speed at all times," is pushed to the user terminal, which makes it easy for the user to view and thus improves the user experience.

[0037] As described above, the method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers provided in this disclosure first calculates the zero offset travel time and stacking velocity using the common midpoint seismic gathers; then, it identifies valid velocities through proposed discrimination rules to achieve velocity analysis. In other words, the method provided in this disclosure does not require a human-computer interaction process; it only requires a global time window (i.e., a preset window range) and a discriminator upper limit (i.e., a preset discrimination rule) to achieve automatic velocity analysis.

[0038] Example 2 Based on the above embodiments, referring to Figure 2 Step S120, "Based on the local plane wave equation and dynamic correction rules, using the offset and recording time corresponding to each sample point, generate the stacking velocity and zero offset travel time corresponding to each sample point," includes: S1210. Based on the local plane wave equation, the local tilt angle corresponding to each sample point is solved using the offset distance and recording time corresponding to each sample point.

[0039] Optionally, step S1210 can be achieved through the following steps: I11. For each sample point, calculate the offset difference and recording time difference between the sample point and its adjacent sample points.

[0040] For example, the offset difference between the current sample point and its adjacent sample points can be denoted as... , representing the spatial sampling interval; the recording time difference between the current sample point and its adjacent sample points can be denoted as . , indicating the time sampling interval.

[0041] I12. For each sample point, based on the offset and offset difference corresponding to that sample point, the partial derivative of the common center point seismic gather with respect to the offset is calculated using the finite difference rule, and is denoted as the spatial partial derivative.

[0042] I13. For each sample point, based on the recording time and the recording time difference corresponding to that sample point, the partial derivative of the common center point seismic gather with respect to the recording time is calculated using the finite difference rule, and denoted as the time partial derivative.

[0043] In a specific example, steps I12 and I13 can be determined using the following formula.

[0044]

[0045] in, Represents spatial partial differentials; It represents the partial derivative of time.

[0046] I14. Substitute the spatial partial differential and the temporal partial differential into the local tilt angle calculation formula to obtain the local tilt angle corresponding to each sample point.

[0047] The local tilt angle calculation formula is the ratio of the spatial partial differential to the time partial differential, multiplied by negative one; the local tilt angle calculation formula is determined based on the local plane wave equation.

[0048] In a specific example, the local plane wave equation can be expressed as the following calculation formula.

[0049]

[0050] in, This indicates the local tilt angle.

[0051] Based on the derivation of the local plane wave equation, the formula for calculating the local tilt angle is as follows; (1) That is, by using the above calculation formula, step I14 can be performed to calculate the local tilt angle corresponding to each sample point.

[0052] S1220. Using the local tilt angle, offset distance, recording time, and dynamic correction rule corresponding to each sample point, calculate the stacking speed and zero offset travel time corresponding to each sample point.

[0053] Optionally, step S1220 can be implemented through the following steps.

[0054] I21. Using the dynamic correction rule, establish a first function relating zero offset travel time, stacking speed, offset, and recording time for each sample point.

[0055] Wherein, the first functional relationship is the ratio of the square of the offset distance to the square of the superposition speed, and the square of the zero offset travel time is equal to the square of the recording time.

[0056] In a specific example, the first function can be represented using the following relation.

[0057] (2) Where t0 represents the zero offset travel time; v represents the superimposed velocity.

[0058] I22. Differentiate the first function to obtain the second function; wherein the second function is the ratio of the derivative of the recording time with respect to the offset distance to the first product, and the first product is the product of the square of the superposition speed and the recording time.

[0059] In a specific example, the first function can be represented by the following relationship, which can be obtained by differentiating the offset of equation (2).

[0060] (3) By comparing equations (1) and (3), it can be seen that the derivative on the left side of equation (3) is the local tilt angle. .

[0061] I23. Substitute the local tilt angle, offset distance, and recording time corresponding to each sample point into the second function to obtain the stacking velocity corresponding to that sample point.

[0062] For each sample point, the corresponding local tilt angle can be calculated using (1).

[0063] I24. Substitute the offset distance, recording time, and stacking speed corresponding to each sample point into the first function to obtain the zero offset travel time corresponding to that sample point.

[0064] That is, by substituting the offset distance, recording time and stacking speed corresponding to each sample point into equation (2), the corresponding zero offset travel time can be calculated.

[0065] Based on the above steps, the stacking velocity and zero-offset travel time corresponding to each sample point (h, t) can be calculated. That is, the method provided in this embodiment can utilize effective difference to construct the local dip angle of the common center point gather, and then calculate the zero-offset travel time and stacking velocity.

[0066] Example 3 Based on the above embodiments, referring to Figure 3 Step S130, "using a preset window range and preset discrimination rules, identifying the effective velocity and zero offset travel time in the velocity-time pairs corresponding to all sample points," may include: S1310. Based on the absolute value of the zero offset travel time, sort the velocity-time pairs corresponding to all the sample points according to the direction from which the data was hit, to obtain ordered velocity-time pairs.

[0067] Among them, the superposition velocity and zero offset travel time corresponding to each sample point are generated and recorded as velocity-time pairs.

[0068] When sorting the velocity-time pairs corresponding to all samples according to S1310, the travel times at the same zero offset are sorted according to the magnitude of the superimposed velocity.

[0069] In a specific example, the ordered velocity-time pair can be represented as Where n is the total number of sample points.

[0070] S1320. For the first zero-offset travel time in the ordered velocity-time pair, determine the time window associated with the zero-offset travel time using the preset window range.

[0071] The preset window range is, for example, represented as l.

[0072] In a specific example, suppose that after multiple iterations, the zero offset travel time corresponding to the current iteration is... Then the zero offset travel time The associated time window can be represented as: ,in, This represents the recording time difference between the current sample point and its adjacent sample points. The current sample point, i.e., the zero offset travel time, is... The sample points.

[0073] S1330. From the ordered velocity-time pairs, filter the superimposed velocities whose zero offset travel time falls within the time window to obtain a velocity set.

[0074] In a specific example, suppose the current zero offset travel time is It can be seen from the ordered velocity-time pair In the process, extract all the zero offset travel times that fall within the range. The superposition of velocities within the range yields a velocity set. , where m is the number of elements in the current set.

[0075] S1340. In response to determining that the speed set is valid using the preset discrimination rule, the effective speed corresponding to the first zero offset travel time is determined.

[0076] Optionally, refer to Figure 4 Step S1340 can be implemented in the following way.

[0077] S13410. Based on each superimposed velocity in the velocity set, calculate the average velocity corresponding to the velocity set.

[0078] For example, in a specific example, suppose the current zero offset travel time is The corresponding velocity set is Then it can be based on Various superposition velocities Calculate the corresponding average velocity .

[0079] S13420. Using the mean speed, calculate the sample variance of the speed set.

[0080] S13430. In response to the sample variance being less than or equal to a preset upper limit of variance, the velocity set is determined to be valid, and the mean velocity is taken as the valid velocity corresponding to the first zero offset travel time.

[0081] In a specific example, based on example S13410, the judgment can be performed using the following calculation formula.

[0082]

[0083] Where k represents the preset upper limit of variance.

[0084] Accordingly, if the sample variance is greater than a preset upper limit of variance, it is considered that there is no corresponding effective speed for the current zero offset travel time.

[0085] S1350. Based on the principle of gradually traversing each zero-offset travel time in the ordered velocity-time pair in the direction from small to large, iterate from step S1320 to step S1320 until the iteration termination condition is met, and obtain the effective velocity and the corresponding zero-offset travel time.

[0086] The iteration termination condition is that all zero-offset travel times in the ordered velocity-time pair have been traversed.

[0087] Example 4 Based on the above embodiments, referring to Figure 5 Step S140, "Based on the effective velocity in the effective time pair, interpolating the time distribution of zero offset travel time in the effective time pair to obtain the effective velocity at all times within the target time," may include: S1410. Determine all missing moments in the time distribution. The missing moments are zero-offset travel times for which no corresponding effective velocity exists.

[0088] In an optional example, assuming the data distribution of the valid time pairs is as shown in Table 1, the time range corresponding to the ordered velocity-time pairs is... Sampling interval Therefore, the time distribution can be described as follows: A total of 30 time points.

[0089] Table 1 shows the data distribution of the effective time pairs.

[0090] Refer to Table 1 and the time distribution described above. The missing time is marked as the moment when there is no corresponding effective velocity (i.e., the zero offset travel time). In this example, the missing time can be represented by the following formula: t=0.3,0.4,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.1,...,1.7,1.9,...,2.4,2.6,...,3.0.

[0091] S1420. For each missing time point, based on the effective velocity corresponding to the zero offset travel time adjacent to that missing time point, the effective velocity corresponding to that missing time point is calculated using linear interpolation or spline interpolation.

[0092] In an optional example, based on the example of step S1410, the effective velocity corresponding to the missing moment can be calculated using linear interpolation.

[0093] Specifically, for example, for the gap time t=0.8s (located between the times with effective velocity t1=0.5 and t2=1.0), the effective velocity corresponding to the gap time t=0.8s can be calculated using the following linear interpolation formula.

[0094]

[0095] For the effective velocity corresponding to other missing moments, refer to the calculation example for missing moment t=0.8s and perform the corresponding calculation.

[0096] In another alternative example, based on the example of step S1410, spline interpolation can be used to calculate the effective velocity corresponding to the missing moment.

[0097] Specifically, for example, for the missing time t=1.5s (located between the times with effective velocity t2=1.0 and t3=1.8), the effective velocity corresponding to the missing time t=1.5s can be calculated using the following cubic spline interpolation steps. The cubic spline interpolation steps include: 1) Construct a piecewise polynomial such that the interval [1.0, 1.8] is continuous in terms of second derivative.

[0098] 2) Solve the system of equations to find the coefficients. .

[0099] 3) Calculation results .

[0100] The effective velocity corresponding to other missing moments can also be calculated by referring to the calculation example for missing moment t=1.5s.

[0101] In summary, the method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers provided in this disclosure first constructs the local dip angle of the common midpoint gather using effective differences; then, it calculates the zero offset travel time and stacking velocity; finally, it identifies the effective velocity using proposed discrimination rules to achieve velocity analysis. In other words, the method provided in this disclosure does not require a human-computer interaction process; it only requires a global time window (i.e., a preset window range) and a discriminator upper limit (i.e., a preset discrimination rule) to achieve automatic velocity analysis.

[0102] Example 5 It should be understood that the methods described in the foregoing embodiments for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers can also be similarly extended to the apparatus described below for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers. For simplicity, they are not described in detail.

[0103] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 6 The device includes: The data acquisition unit 610 is configured to: acquire target common center point seismic gathers; wherein, the target common center point seismic gathers are common center point seismic gathers that need to be subjected to velocity analysis, and the target common center point seismic gathers include multiple sample points, each sample point containing offset and recording time; The velocity-time pair generation unit 620 is configured to: generate the superimposed velocity and zero offset travel time corresponding to each sample point based on the local plane wave equation and dynamic correction rules, using the offset and recording time corresponding to each sample point, and record them as velocity-time pairs; The effective time pair generation unit 630 is configured to: use a preset window range and a preset discrimination rule to identify the effective speed and zero offset travel time in the speed time pairs corresponding to all sample points, and record them as effective time pairs. Interpolation unit 640 is configured to: interpolate based on the effective velocity in the effective time pair, match the time distribution of zero offset travel time in the effective time pair, and obtain the effective velocity at all times within the target time; wherein, the target time is defined according to the upper and lower limits of the zero offset travel time. The push unit 650 is configured to push the effective speeds at all times to the user terminal. In summary, the apparatus for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers provided in this disclosure first constructs the local dip angle of the common midpoint gather using effective differences; then calculates the zero offset travel time and stacking velocity; and finally identifies the effective velocity using proposed discrimination rules to achieve velocity analysis. In other words, the method provided in this disclosure does not require a human-computer interaction process; it only requires a global time window (i.e., a preset window range) and a discriminator upper limit (i.e., a preset discrimination rule) to achieve automatic velocity analysis.

[0104] Example 6 In addition, this disclosure also provides an electronic device, including: a memory for storing a computer program; and a processor for executing the computer program stored in the memory, wherein when the computer program is executed, it implements the method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers as described in any of the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0105] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an application embodiment of the electronic device disclosed herein. Below, reference is made to… Figure 7 This describes an electronic device according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The electronic device may be either or both of a first device and a second device, or a standalone device independent of them, which may communicate with the first device and the second device to receive acquired input signals from them.

[0106] like Figure 7 As shown, the electronic device includes one or more processors and a memory. The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other processing unit with data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. The memory may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may, for example, include random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. The non-volatile memory may, for example, include read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc. One or more computer program instructions may be stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor may execute the program instructions to implement the methods for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers described in the various embodiments of this disclosure above, and / or other desired functions.

[0107] In one example, the electronic device may further include input and output devices, which are interconnected via a bus system and / or other forms of connection mechanisms (not shown). Furthermore, the input device may include, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, etc. The output device can output various information to the outside, including determined distance information, direction information, etc. The output device may include, for example, a display, a speaker, a printer, and a communication network and its connected remote output devices, etc.

[0108] Of course, for the sake of simplicity, Figure 7 Only some of the components of the electronic device relevant to this disclosure are shown, omitting components such as buses, input / output interfaces, etc. In addition, the electronic device may include any other suitable components depending on the specific application.

[0109] In addition to the methods and apparatus described above, embodiments of this disclosure may also be computer program products comprising computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps in the methods for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers according to various embodiments of this disclosure as described in the foregoing portion of this specification.

[0110] The computer program product can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages ​​to perform the operations of the embodiments of this disclosure. The programming languages ​​include object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can be executed entirely on a user's computing device, partially on a user's computing device, as a standalone software package, partially on a user's computing device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server.

[0111] Furthermore, embodiments of this disclosure may also be computer-readable storage media storing computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps in the method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers according to various embodiments of this disclosure as described in the foregoing portion of this specification.

[0112] The computer-readable storage medium may be any combination of one or more readable media. A readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may be, for example, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of readable storage media (a non-exhaustive list) include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0113] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0114] The basic principles of this disclosure have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, and effects mentioned in this disclosure are merely examples and not limitations, and should not be considered as essential features of each embodiment of this disclosure. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed above are for illustrative and facilitative purposes only, and are not limitations. These details do not limit the scope of this disclosure to the necessity of employing the aforementioned specific details for implementation.

[0115] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For system embodiments, since they largely correspond to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments.

[0116] The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems disclosed herein are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, or configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” etc., are open-ended terms meaning “including but not limited to,” and are used interchangeably with them. The terms “or” and “and” as used herein refer to the terms “and / or,” and are used interchangeably with them unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “such as” as used herein refers to the phrase “such as but not limited to,” and is used interchangeably with it.

[0117] The methods and apparatus of this disclosure may be implemented in many ways. For example, they may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of software, hardware, and firmware. The above-described order of steps for the methods is for illustrative purposes only, and the steps of the methods of this disclosure are not limited to the order specifically described above unless otherwise specifically stated. Furthermore, in some embodiments, this disclosure may also be implemented as a program recorded on a recording medium, the program including machine-readable instructions for implementing the methods according to this disclosure. Thus, this disclosure also covers recording media storing programs for performing the methods according to this disclosure.

[0118] It should also be noted that in the apparatus, devices, and methods of this disclosure, the components or steps can be disassembled and / or recombined. These disassemblies and / or recombinations should be considered as equivalent solutions to this disclosure.

[0119] The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use this disclosure. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to be carried out within the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0120] The above description has been given for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of this disclosure to the forms disclosed herein. Although numerous exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and sub-combinations therein.

Claims

1. A method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain target common center point seismic gathers; wherein, the target common center point seismic gathers are common center point seismic gathers that require velocity analysis, and the target common center point seismic gathers include multiple sample points, each sample point containing offset and recording time; Based on the local plane wave equation and dynamic correction rules, the superposition velocity and zero offset travel time corresponding to each sample point are generated using the offset and recording time corresponding to each sample point, and recorded as a velocity-time pair. Using a preset window range and preset discrimination rules, identify the effective velocity and zero offset travel time in the velocity-time pairs corresponding to all sample points, and record them as effective time pairs. Based on the effective velocity in the effective time pair, the time distribution of zero offset travel time in the effective time pair is matched and interpolated to obtain the effective velocity at all times within the target time; wherein, the target time is defined according to the upper and lower limits of the zero offset travel time. The effective speed at all times is pushed to the user terminal.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process, based on the local plane wave equation and dynamic correction rules, utilizes the offset and recording time corresponding to each sample point to generate the superposition velocity and zero offset travel time for each sample point, including: Based on the local plane wave equation, the local tilt angle corresponding to each sample point is solved by using the offset distance and recording time corresponding to each sample point; Using the local tilt angle, offset distance, recording time, and dynamic correction rule corresponding to each sample point, the stacking velocity and zero offset travel time corresponding to each sample point are calculated.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method based on the local plane wave equation, using the offset and recording time corresponding to each sample point, solves for the local tilt angle corresponding to each sample point, including: For each sample point, calculate the offset difference and recording time difference between the sample point and its adjacent sample points; For each sample point, based on the offset and offset difference corresponding to that sample point, the partial derivative of the common center point seismic gather with respect to the offset is calculated using the finite difference rule, and is denoted as the spatial partial derivative. For each sample point, based on the recording time and the recording time difference corresponding to that sample point, the partial derivative of the common center point seismic gather with respect to the recording time is calculated using the finite difference rule, and is denoted as the time partial derivative. Substituting the spatial partial differential and the temporal partial differential into the local tilt angle calculation formula, the local tilt angle corresponding to each sample point is obtained; wherein, the local tilt angle calculation formula is the ratio of the spatial partial differential to the temporal partial differential, multiplied by negative one; the local tilt angle calculation formula is determined according to the local plane wave equation.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Using the local tilt angle, offset, recording time, and dynamic correction rule corresponding to each sample point, the stacking velocity and zero offset travel time corresponding to each sample point are calculated, including: Using the dynamic correction rule, a first function is established relating the zero offset travel time, stacking speed, offset, and recording time for each sample point; wherein, the first function is the ratio of the square of the offset to the square of the stacking speed, and the square of the zero offset travel time is equal to the square of the recording time. The derivative of the first function is used to obtain the second function; wherein the second function is the ratio of the derivative of the recording time with respect to the offset distance to the first product, and the first product is the product of the square of the superposition speed and the recording time. Substitute the local tilt angle, offset distance and recording time corresponding to each sample point into the second function to obtain the stacking velocity corresponding to that sample point; Substitute the offset distance, recording time, and stacking speed corresponding to each sample point into the first function to obtain the zero offset travel time corresponding to that sample point.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Using a preset window range and preset discrimination rules, effective velocities and zero-offset travel times are identified in the velocity-time pairs corresponding to all sample points, including: Based on the absolute value of the zero offset travel time, the velocity-time pairs corresponding to all the sample points are sorted according to the direction from which the sample was hit the smallest, to obtain ordered velocity-time pairs. For the first zero-offset travel time in the ordered velocity-time pair, the time window associated with the zero-offset travel time is determined using the preset window range; From the ordered velocity-time pairs, the superimposed velocities whose zero offset travel time falls within the time window are selected to obtain a velocity set; In response to determining that the set of speeds is valid using the preset discrimination rule, the effective speed corresponding to the first zero offset travel time is determined; Based on the principle of progressively traversing each zero-offset travel time in the ordered velocity-time pair in an ascending direction, the steps of determining the time window associated with the zero-offset travel time using the preset window range are iterated until the effective velocity corresponding to the first zero-offset travel time is determined, until the iteration termination condition is met, and the effective velocity and the corresponding zero-offset travel time are obtained.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of determining the effective speed corresponding to the first zero-offset travel time in response to determining that the speed set is valid using the preset discrimination rule includes: Based on each superimposed velocity in the velocity set, calculate the average velocity corresponding to the velocity set; Using the mean velocity, calculate the sample variance of the velocity set; If the sample variance is less than or equal to a preset upper limit of variance, the velocity set is determined to be valid, and the mean velocity is taken as the valid velocity corresponding to the first zero offset travel time.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of interpolating the effective velocity based on the effective velocity in the effective time pair with the time distribution of zero offset travel time in the effective time pair to obtain the effective velocity at all times within the target time includes: Identify all missing moments in the time distribution; wherein, the missing moment is a zero-offset travel time for which there is no corresponding effective velocity; For each missing time point, the effective velocity corresponding to that missing time point is calculated using linear interpolation or spline interpolation, based on the effective velocity corresponding to the zero offset travel time adjacent to that missing time point.

8. An apparatus for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers, characterized in that, The device includes: The data acquisition unit is configured to: acquire target common center point seismic gathers; wherein, the target common center point seismic gathers are common center point seismic gathers for which velocity analysis is required, and the target common center point seismic gathers include multiple sample points, each sample point containing offset and recording time; The velocity-time pair generation unit is configured to: generate the superimposed velocity and zero offset travel time corresponding to each sample point based on the local plane wave equation and dynamic correction rules, using the offset and recording time corresponding to each sample point, and record them as velocity-time pairs; The effective time pair generation unit is configured to: use a preset window range and preset discrimination rules to identify the effective speed and zero offset travel time in the speed time pairs corresponding to all sample points, and record them as effective time pairs; The interpolation unit is configured to: interpolate based on the effective velocity in the effective time pair, match the time distribution of zero offset travel time in the effective time pair, and obtain the effective velocity at all times within the target time; wherein, the target time is defined according to the upper and lower limits of the zero offset travel time; The push unit is configured to push the effective speed at all times to the user terminal.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: processor; Memory used to store the processor's executable instructions; The processor is configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the method for velocity analysis of common centroid seismic gathers as described in claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method for velocity analysis of common midpoint seismic gathers as described in claims 1-7.

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