Mine ecological restoration device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mine ecological restoration device and method, and relates to the technical field of mine ecological restoration, by arranging a rack, a position adjusting mechanism, a geologic body crushing mechanism and a restoration mechanism, during use, the arranged rack is used for driving the position adjusting mechanism and the geologic body crushing mechanism to crush a mine geologic body; and meanwhile, due to the fact that the repairing mechanism is further arranged, the broken mine geologic body can be repaired through the arranged repairing mechanism in the using process of the mine ecological repairing device, and therefore the mine ecological repairing device can be used for repairing the broken mine geologic body. And finally, in-situ crushing can be conducted on the mine geologic body through the arranged mine ecological restoration device when the mine ecological restoration device is used, then the mine ecological restoration device does not need to adopt a backfill body to conduct mine ecological restoration operation, the collapse risk of the backfill body is avoided, and the stability of the restored mine is ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a mine ecological restoration device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of industrialization and the continuous expansion of mineral resource exploitation activities, mining has a serious impact on the ecological environment, including surface destruction, soil pollution, vegetation degradation and other problems. In order to realize sustainable development and ecological civilization construction, mine ecological restoration technology has emerged and developed. Early mine ecological restoration mainly used simple soil covering and greening methods. With the development of technology, a comprehensive repair technology system including geological body reconstruction, soil improvement, vegetation restoration and other technologies has been developed. In recent years, with the development of intelligent equipment technology, mine ecological restoration is developing towards mechanization, automation and precision.

[0003] The current mine ecological restoration technology mainly adopts a step-by-step operation mode, that is, a special crushing equipment is used to crush the damaged mine geological body, and then a repair equipment is used for soil improvement, vegetation planting and other repair operations. In the prior art, the geological body crushing usually uses excavators with crushing hammers or special crushing machines, and the repair operation mainly relies on soil improvement machines, seeding machines and other special equipment. These devices are relatively mature in their respective professional fields and can meet the basic crushing and repair requirements.

[0004] However, in the prior art, ecological restoration is usually achieved by using backfilling soil and other methods. However, in the actual repair process, although backfilling and other methods can achieve ecological restoration of the mine, due to the change of the topography of the mine during the repair process, the backfilling body has the risk of collapse, affecting the safety and stability after the repair. SUMMARY

[0005] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a mine ecological restoration device and method, which aims to solve the technical problem that the prior art usually uses backfilling soil and other methods to achieve ecological restoration, but in the actual repair process, although backfilling and other methods can achieve ecological restoration of the mine, due to the change of the topography of the mine during the repair process, the backfilling body has the risk of collapse, affecting the safety and stability after the repair.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, in a first aspect, the present application provides a mine ecological restoration device, comprising: a rack, a channel vertically arranged on the rack, a walking mechanism installed at the bottom of the rack, and an installation site arranged at the top of the rack; A position adjusting mechanism is installed at the mounting position, and an end of the position adjusting mechanism away from the mounting position is provided with a connecting position; A geological body breaking mechanism is installed at the connecting position, the position adjusting mechanism can drive the geological body breaking mechanism to rotate, so as to adjust the position of the geological body breaking mechanism and enable the geological body breaking mechanism to break the mine geological body at the corresponding position; and A repairing mechanism is installed at the geological body breaking mechanism, the repairing mechanism can repair the mine geological body at the corresponding position after the geological body breaking mechanism breaks the mine geological body at the corresponding position.

[0007] In an embodiment, the geological body breaking mechanism comprises: A driving assembly is installed at the connecting position, and an output end of the driving assembly is arranged in a direction away from the position adjusting mechanism; and A breaking assembly is installed at the output end of the driving assembly, the driving assembly can drive the breaking assembly to move and break the mine geological body.

[0008] In an embodiment, the breaking assembly comprises a breaking hammer, the breaking hammer is installed at the output end of the driving assembly, and the driving assembly can drive the breaking hammer to rotate, so that the breaking hammer can hammer and break the mine geological body.

[0009] In an embodiment, a plurality of mounting grooves are formed on the breaking hammer and are distributed at intervals in a circumferential direction, and the breaking assembly further comprises a plurality of breaking steel drills, the number of the breaking steel drills is consistent with the number of the mounting grooves, and the tip of each breaking steel drill is arranged in a direction away from the breaking hammer.

[0010] In an embodiment, the driving assembly comprises: A first driving member is installed at the connecting position, an output shaft of the first driving member is arranged in a direction away from the connecting position, and the output shaft of the first driving member extends in a first direction away from the connecting position; A first telescopic driving member is installed at the output end of the first driving member, a telescopic end of the first telescopic driving member extends in the first direction, and an output end of the first telescopic driving member is installed with the breaking hammer; and The mounting base is in interference fit with the output end of the first driving member, and the mounting base extends to be connected with the first telescopic driving member. The first driving member can drive the mounting base to rotate, so as to rotate and break the mine geological body. The first driving member can also drive the mounting base to drive the breaking hammer to extend and retract in the first direction, so that the breaking hammer can hammer and break the mine geological body.

[0011] In an embodiment, the mounting base comprises: A first connecting ring in interference fit with the output shaft of the first driving member; and A plurality of connecting members circumferentially spaced apart on the outer periphery of the first telescopic driving member. The same end of each connecting member is connected with the first connecting ring, and the other end is connected with the first telescopic driving member.

[0012] In an embodiment, the position adjusting mechanism comprises: A connecting column installed on the top of the rack, extending upward in the vertical direction; A vertical movement assembly installed on one side of the connecting column; A horizontal movement assembly installed on the vertical movement assembly. The vertical movement assembly can drive the horizontal movement assembly to extend in the vertical direction, and the horizontal movement assembly extends horizontally in the second direction; and An angle adjusting assembly installed on the horizontal movement assembly. The geological body breaking mechanism is installed on the angle adjusting assembly. The angle adjusting assembly can drive the geological body breaking mechanism to rotate and adjust the angle of the geological body breaking mechanism.

[0013] In an embodiment, the repairing mechanism comprises: A plurality of second telescopic driving members circumferentially spaced apart on the output shaft of the first telescopic driving member. The second telescopic driving members are arranged close to the breaking hammer, and the output shafts of the second telescopic driving members extend away from the first telescopic driving member. The output ends of all the second telescopic driving members are located on the outer periphery of the breaking hammer; A second connecting ring in interference fit with the output shaft of the first telescopic driving member, and arranged close to the second telescopic driving members; and A plurality of stirring plates are circumferentially spaced apart on the outer periphery of the breaking hammer, the number of the stirring plates is consistent with the number of the second telescopic driving members, one end of each of the stirring plates is hinged to the second connecting ring, the plate body of each of the stirring plates is hinged to the corresponding second telescopic driving member, and all the second telescopic driving members can drive the corresponding stirring plates to move so that the stirring plates can stir the broken mine geological body.

[0014] In an embodiment, the walking mechanism comprises a plurality of walking members, and the plurality of walking members are spaced apart on the bottom of the rack.

[0015] Based on the same technical concept, in a second aspect, the present application further provides a mine ecological restoration method, comprising the following steps: According to the geological data of the region to be subjected to mine ecological restoration, the restoration positions of the region to be subjected to mine ecological restoration are obtained. The mine ecological restoration device of the first aspect is controlled to perform restoration work on each of the restoration positions.

[0016] The technical scheme of the present application sets the rack, the position adjusting mechanism, the geological body breaking mechanism and the restoration mechanism, when in use, the rack drives the position adjusting mechanism and the geological body breaking mechanism to break the mine geological body, so that the present application can restore the mine ecology without using backfilling when in use, at the same time, since the restoration mechanism is also provided, the present application can use the restoration mechanism to perform restoration work on the broken mine geological body when in use, so that the present application can break the mine geological body in situ using the mine ecological restoration device when in use, thereby avoiding the risk of collapse of backfilling and ensuring the stability of the restored mine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings according to the structures shown in these drawings without creative labor.

[0018] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the mine ecological restoration device provided by the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 2 The structure diagram of the position adjusting mechanism shown in the figure is shown in the figure. Figure 1 The structure diagram of the position adjusting mechanism shown in the figure is shown in the figure. Figure 3 The structure diagram of the position adjusting mechanism shown in the figure is shown in the figure. Figure 2A structural schematic diagram of a geological body breaking mechanism according to an example of the present application. Figure 4 A flow chart of a mine ecological restoration method according to an example of the present application.

[0019] Brief Description of the Drawings 100, frame; 110, passageway; 200, walking mechanism; 300, position adjusting mechanism; 400, geological body breaking mechanism; 500, restoration mechanism; 410, driving assembly; 420, breaking assembly; 421, breaking hammer; 422, breaking steel drill; 411, first driving member; 412, first telescopic driving member; 413, mounting seat; 414, first connecting ring; 415, connecting member; 310, connecting column; 320, vertical movement assembly; 330, horizontal movement assembly; 340, angle adjusting assembly; 510, second telescopic driving member; 520, second connecting ring; 530, stirring plate; 210, walking member.

[0020] The implementation, functional features and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0022] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present application involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement condition, etc. between the components in a certain posture, and if the certain posture changes, the directional indications also change accordingly.

[0023] In addition, if the description of "first", "second" and the like is involved in the embodiments of the present application, the description of "first", "second" and the like is only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features limited by "first", "second" can be explicitly or implicitly included at least one of the features. In addition, if "and / or" or "and / or" appears throughout the text, it means that the three parallel schemes include the A scheme, or the B scheme, or the A and B schemes. In addition, the technical solutions of each embodiment can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of the ordinary skilled in the art, when the combination of technical solutions appears contradictory or unachievable, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist, nor is it within the scope of protection required by the present application.

[0024] With the rapid development of industrialization and the continuous expansion of mineral resource exploitation activities, mining exploitation has caused serious impact on the ecological environment, including surface destruction, soil pollution, vegetation degradation and other problems. In order to realize sustainable development and ecological civilization construction, mine ecological restoration technology emerges as the times require and develops continuously. Early mine ecological restoration mainly adopts simple soil covering and greening method, with the development of technology, a comprehensive repair technology system including geological body reconstruction, soil improvement, vegetation restoration and the like has been gradually developed. In recent years, with the development of intelligent equipment technology, mine ecological restoration is developing towards mechanization, automation and precision.

[0025] The current mine ecological restoration technology mainly adopts step-by-step operation mode, that is, the damaged mine geological body is first crushed by using special crushing equipment, and then soil improvement, vegetation planting and other repair operations are carried out by using repair equipment. In the prior art, the geological body crushing usually adopts excavator combined with crushing hammer or special crushing machinery, and the repair operation mainly relies on soil improvement machine, seeding machine and other special equipment. These devices are relatively mature in their respective professional fields and can meet the basic crushing and repair requirements.

[0026] The applicant found that the prior art has the following main problems: first, the step-by-step operation mode needs to use multiple devices in cooperation, which leads to low operation efficiency and difficult device coordination; second, the traditional crushing equipment is difficult to realize precise position adjustment and angle control, and cannot adapt to complex mine topography; third, the existing repair equipment is separated from the crushing equipment, which cannot realize immediate repair after crushing, affecting the repair effect; finally, when using backfilling soil body and other methods for repair, due to the complex and variable mine topography, safety hazards such as backfilling body collapse are easy to occur, which seriously affects the safety and stability after repair. These problems seriously restrict the efficiency and effect of mine ecological restoration, and an intelligent repair device integrating crushing and repair functions is urgently needed.

[0027] The application provides a mine ecological restoration device and method.

[0028] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 , in order to facilitate understanding, the mine ecological restoration device comprises a rack 100, a position adjusting mechanism 300, a geological body crushing mechanism 400 and a restoration mechanism 500, the rack 100 is provided with a vertical passage 110, the bottom of the rack 100 is provided with a walking mechanism 200, the top of the rack 100 is provided with a mounting position, the position adjusting mechanism 300 is mounted on the mounting position, and the end of the position adjusting mechanism 300 away from the mounting position is provided with a connecting position, the geological body crushing mechanism 400 is mounted on the connecting position, the position adjusting mechanism 300 can drive the geological body crushing mechanism 400 to rotate, so as to adjust the position of the geological body crushing mechanism 400 and make the geological body crushing mechanism 400 can crush the mine geological body at the corresponding position, the restoration mechanism 500 is mounted on the geological body crushing mechanism 400, and the restoration mechanism 500 can restore the corresponding mine geological body after the geological body crushing mechanism 400 crushes the corresponding mine geological body.

[0029] In the prior art, the mine ecological restoration usually adopts a step-by-step operation mode, that is, the damaged geological body is first treated by a crushing device, and then special equipment is used for soil backfilling and vegetation planting. Due to the complex mine topography and the existence of irregular undulations, it is difficult to accurately match the crushing area and the backfilling area in the step-by-step construction process, and a structural weak plane is easily formed between the crushed geological body and the backfilling material. Especially in steep slope or loose geological conditions, the secondary disturbance caused by step-by-step operation can aggravate the loose combination of the backfilling body and the original foundation, resulting in sliding or even collapse of the restoration layer under the action of gravity or rainwater erosion.

[0030] In order to solve the above problems, it is found that the core defect of the traditional step-by-step operation is that the crushing and restoration processes are separated, which leads to the fact that the restoration material cannot form effective interlocking with the crushed geological structure. Based on this, the crushing and restoration functions are integrated into the same operation unit, the structure of the crushing surface is immediately strengthened after crushing, and the structural instability factors caused by the process interval are eliminated. Further, by designing a mechanism capable of adjusting the operation angle, the crushing and restoration processes can adapt to the operation requirements under different topographic conditions, and ensure that the restoration material and the crushing surface are in full contact.

[0031] Therefore, the application provides a mine ecological restoration device including a rack 100, a walking mechanism 200, a position adjusting mechanism 300, a geological body breaking mechanism 400 and a restoration mechanism 500. The rack 100 forms a vertical channel 110, the bottom is provided with the walking mechanism 200, and the top is provided with a mounting position. The position adjusting mechanism 300 is mounted on the mounting position and extends out a connecting position. The geological body breaking mechanism 400 is mounted on the connecting position and is driven to rotate by the position adjusting mechanism 300 to adjust the working position. The restoration mechanism 500 is mounted on the geological body breaking mechanism 400 and restores the broken area after the breaking is completed.

[0032] The rack 100 is a main body frame for bearing various functional modules and can be a hollow column body formed by welding a steel structure. The vertical channel 110 of the rack 100 provides a working space for the breaking mechanism and ensures that the restoration mechanism 500 can contact the broken area through the channel 110. The walking mechanism 200 is a component for realizing the movement of the device and can be a tracked chassis driven by a hydraulic system, which enables the device to stably move in complex terrain and avoids the inclination of the device caused by uneven ground during the operation. The position adjusting mechanism 300 is a component for controlling the spatial pose of the breaking mechanism and can be a multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm, which adjusts the working angle and depth of the breaking mechanism through rotation and extension actions to ensure that the breaking range covers the area to be restored. The geological body breaking mechanism 400 is a component for breaking the mine geological body and can be a high-frequency impact hammer or a rotary drill bit, which breaks the rock-soil body through mechanical force to form a pore structure conducive to the filling of restoration materials. The restoration mechanism 500 is a component for injecting restoration materials into the broken area and can be a pipeline system with a jet port, which injects soil conditioners or consolidation materials into the broken pores immediately after the breaking is completed to realize in-situ reinforcement.

[0033] Specifically, after the rack 100 moves to the area to be restored by the walking mechanism 200, the position adjusting mechanism 300 drives the geological body breaking mechanism 400 to rotate to a target angle, and the breaking mechanism impacts and breaks the loose or hardened geological body. The cracks and pores generated during the breaking process are simultaneously filled with consolidation materials by the restoration mechanism 500, for example, cement-based materials are injected into the broken surface through the grouting channel 110 arranged inside the breaking mechanism. The coordinated operation of breaking and restoration enables the restoration materials and the broken geological body to form an interlocking structure, which enhances the shear resistance of the bonding surface. The multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment function of the position adjusting mechanism 300 can adapt to working surfaces with different slopes, for example, adjusting the breaking angle on an inclined rock wall to ensure that the restoration materials uniformly cover the broken area.

[0034] In the embodiment, the scheme is to superimpose the time sequence of crushing and repairing, inject the repairing material immediately when fresh cracks are formed by crushing, fill the micro pores with the material fluidity, and form a continuous reinforcing layer. In addition, the traditional equipment cannot adjust the operation angle in complex terrain, resulting in uneven thickness of the repair layer, while the position adjusting mechanism 300 can accurately control the injection direction and range of the repair material, avoiding local material accumulation or absence. The synchronous operation of crushing and repairing processes makes the repair material fully penetrate into the pore structure of the crushed geological body, forming a composite repair layer with integrity. The operation mode of immediate repair after crushing reduces the erosion of the external environment on the operation surface, enhances the bonding strength between the repair body and the original geological body, and effectively inhibits the collapse of the backfill body. The multi-angle control capability of the position adjusting mechanism 300 ensures uniform distribution of the repair material under different terrain conditions, improving the structural stability of the repair layer.

[0035] In the embodiment, by setting the rack 100, the position adjusting mechanism 300, the geological body crushing mechanism 400, and the repair mechanism 500, when in use, the rack 100 drives the position adjusting mechanism 300 and the geological body crushing mechanism 400 to crush the mine geological body, so that the ecological restoration of the mine can be performed without backfilling or other methods. At the same time, since the repair mechanism 500 is also provided, the mine geological body can be repaired after crushing by using the repair mechanism 500. Ultimately, the mine geological body can be crushed in situ by using the mine ecological restoration device, so that the ecological restoration of the mine can be performed without backfilling, avoiding the collapse risk of the backfill body and ensuring the stability of the repaired mine.

[0036] In an embodiment, the geological body crushing mechanism 400 includes a driving assembly 410 and a crushing assembly 420. The driving assembly 410 is installed at the connection position, and the output end of the driving assembly 410 is arranged away from the position adjusting mechanism 300. The crushing assembly 420 is installed at the output end of the driving assembly 410. The driving assembly 410 can drive the crushing assembly 420 to move and crush the mine geological body.

[0037] Specifically, the driving assembly 410 refers to a mechanical device that provides power output, which can be implemented by a hydraulic motor or an electric motor, and its output end is connected with the crushing assembly 420 through a transmission shaft for converting the rotary power into the mechanical movement required for crushing operation. The crushing assembly 420 refers to an executing mechanism that directly acts on the geological body, which can be implemented by a hammer head with an impact structure or a rotary cutter, and is fixed on the output end of the driving assembly 410 through a rigid connection to form a straight force transmission path. The connection site refers to the mounting interface at the end of the position adjustment mechanism 300, which can be implemented by a flange or a buckle type connection structure to ensure the stable connection between the driving assembly 410 and the position adjustment mechanism 300.

[0038] The driving assembly 410 is fixed at the end of the position adjustment mechanism 300 through a flange, and its output shaft extends in the direction away from the rack 100. The crushing assembly 420 is fastened at the front end of the output shaft through bolts to form a rigid connection structure. When the driving assembly 410 starts, the output shaft drives the crushing assembly 420 to perform high-frequency impact or rotary movement, and the steel drill 422 or hammer head directly acts on the surface of the mine rock body. The position adjustment mechanism 300 accurately aligns the crushing assembly 420 with the target area through multi-degree-of-freedom movement, and the power output by the driving assembly 410 is directly transmitted to the crushing assembly 420 through a rigid transmission structure, avoiding the loss of power transmission in traditional split-type equipment. After the crushing operation is completed, the crushing assembly 420 remains in place, and the repair mechanism 500 immediately performs soil improvement operation on the crushing area, realizing continuous operation of crushing and repair.

[0039] In this embodiment, the driving assembly 410 and the crushing assembly 420 are integrated at the end of the position adjustment mechanism 300, so that the crushing operation and the position adjustment form a linkage control without the need for additional configuration of independent crushing equipment. The existing crushing device usually adopts an independent power system, while the present scheme shares the support structure and power source of the position adjustment mechanism 300, reducing the equipment volume and energy consumption. The installation position of the traditional crushing hammer 421 is fixed, while the present scheme can adapt to different angles of operation requirements through the adjustable connection site design.

[0040] The rigid connection structure of the driving assembly 410 and the crushing assembly 420 effectively improves the power transmission efficiency, and the crushing area per unit time is increased by about 30%. The cooperative control of the position adjustment mechanism 300 and the crushing assembly 420 enables the equipment to accurately position the crushing area, reducing the energy waste caused by invalid crushing. The integrated structure design reduces the risk of gravity deviation during equipment movement, and the stability during slope operation is improved by about 40%. The feature of the crushing assembly 420 remaining in place after completing the operation enables the repair mechanism 500 to immediately perform soil treatment on the fresh crushing surface, avoiding the problem of decreased repair effect caused by secondary weathering of the crushing surface in the traditional method.

[0041] In an embodiment, the breaking assembly 420 comprises a breaking hammer 421 mounted on the output end of the driving assembly 410, and the driving assembly 410 can drive the breaking hammer 421 to rotate, so that the breaking hammer 421 can hammer and break the mine geological body.

[0042] Specifically, the breaking hammer 421 refers to a rotating component with an impact function, which can be made of a high-hardness alloy material in a cylindrical structure, and a plurality of mounting grooves can be arranged on the surface, for example, six mounting grooves uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, for fixing the breaking steel drill 422. The driving assembly 410 refers to a power transmission mechanism, which can be cooperated with a hydraulic motor and a gear transmission structure, and the output end is coaxially connected with the breaking hammer 421 through a flange plate to realize the transmission of rotational torque. The rotation axis of the breaking hammer 421 is the same as the output shaft of the driving assembly 410, which ensures the axial transmission efficiency of the impact force.

[0043] When the driving assembly 410 drives the breaking hammer 421 to rotate around the axis, the centrifugal force of the breaking hammer 421 is converted into a radial impact component, and when the breaking hammer 421 contacts the surface of the mine geological body, the rotational kinetic energy is converted into hammering kinetic energy. The breaking hammer 421 continuously changes the contact point during rotation, forming a multi-angle continuous hammering mode. The driving assembly 410 can control the impact frequency by adjusting the rotation speed, for example, when encountering high-hardness rock layers, the rotation speed is increased to 200 revolutions per minute, increasing the number of hammering times per unit time. The axial position of the breaking hammer 421 can be adjusted by a telescopic mechanism, for example, a hydraulic cylinder drives the breaking hammer 421 to move 5 centimeters in the axial direction, realizing dynamic control of the impact depth.

[0044] In this embodiment, the rotation speed and impact depth are dynamically adjusted to make the impact energy distribution more uniform. The existing breaking equipment needs to adjust the position multiple times to complete the area coverage, and the present scheme automatically realizes the working surface coverage through rotation and impact, reducing the number of equipment movements. The multi-angle continuous hammering mode makes the rock layers produce a network of cracks, improving the breaking efficiency by about 40%. The dynamic adjustment mechanism can adaptively adjust the impact parameters according to the hardness of the rock layer, avoiding equipment overload damage and prolonging the service life of the key components by more than 30%. The axial telescopic function realizes accurate control of the impact depth, ensuring the consistency of the effective breaking depth under different geological conditions.

[0045] In an embodiment, a plurality of mounting grooves are formed on the breaking hammer 421 and spaced apart in the circumferential direction, and the breaking assembly 420 further comprises a plurality of breaking steel drills 422, the number of the breaking steel drills 422 is consistent with the number of the mounting grooves, and the tip of each breaking steel drill 422 is arranged away from the breaking hammer 421.

[0046] Specifically, the mounting groove refers to a fixing structure evenly opened along the circumferential direction of the breaking hammer 421, which can be realized by a groove structure formed by machining, and is used to accurately fix the mounting position and angle of the breaking steel drill 422. The circumferentially spaced distribution feature forms an equal angle spacing between adjacent steel drills, ensuring that the impact load is uniformly transmitted to the surface of the geological body. The breaking steel drill 422 refers to an impact component with a pointed end structure, which can be made of high-hardness alloy material and is fixed in the mounting groove by interference fit or bolt connection. The layout of the pointed end outwardly arranged makes the impact energy effectively transmitted to the inside of the geological body along the radial direction.

[0047] When the breaking hammer 421 is rotated under the driving of the driving assembly 410, the circumferentially distributed multiple steel drills synchronously contact the surface of the geological body. The pointed end of each steel drill continuously impacts the geological body at the same time interval during the rotation process, forming an annular breaking zone. The circumferential uniform distribution of the steel drills disperses the single impact action area, avoiding repeated impact load on local areas. The precise fit of the mounting groove and the steel drill ensures that each steel drill maintains a vertical posture during high-speed impact, preventing deflection or falling due to insecure fixation. The synergistic effect of multiple steel drills makes the breaking depth consistent in the circumferential direction, and the crack propagation effect generated by multiple point impacts accelerates the destruction of the internal structure of the geological body.

[0048] In this embodiment, the rotating multi-steel drill structure uniformly distributes the impact energy in the circumferential direction, and a single rotation can complete the synchronous breaking of the annular area. Compared with the fixed steel drill operation mode that requires repeated movement of the equipment position, the rotating impact mode significantly shortens the operation time. The outward layout of the steel drill pointed end is more conducive to forming a radial crack network during the breaking process compared with the traditional vertical impact mode. Ultimately, the invention effectively solves the problems of uneven breaking and low efficiency of mine geological bodies. The circumferentially distributed steel drills form a continuous impact wave during rotation, causing the surface of the geological body to produce uniformly distributed breaking pits. Multi-point synchronous impact reduces the peak load of a single steel drill, prolonging the service life of the equipment. The outward arrangement of the pointed end of the steel drill enhances the transmission efficiency of impact energy, and under the same power input, the breaking depth can be increased. The precise machining of the mounting groove ensures the geometric accuracy of the steel drill array, avoiding impact force distribution imbalance caused by installation errors.

[0049] In an embodiment, the driving assembly 410 comprises a first driving member 411, a first telescopic driving member 412, and a mounting seat 413. The first driving member 411 is installed at the connecting site, and the output shaft of the first driving member 411 is arranged in a direction away from the connecting site. The output shaft of the first driving member 411 extends in a first direction away from the connecting site. The first telescopic driving member 412 is installed at the output end of the first driving member 411, and the telescopic end of the first telescopic driving member 412 extends in the first direction. The output end of the first telescopic driving member 412 is installed with the breaking hammer 421. The mounting seat 413 is in interference fit with the output end of the first driving member 411, and the mounting seat 413 extends to be connected with the first telescopic driving member 412. The first driving member 411 can drive the first driving member 411 to rotate the mounting seat 413, so as to rotate and break the mine geological body. In addition, the first driving member 411 can also drive the mounting seat 413 to drive the breaking hammer 421 to extend in the first direction, so that the breaking hammer 421 can hammer and break the mine geological body.

[0050] Specifically, the first driving member 411 refers to a driving device providing rotary power, which can be realized by a hydraulic motor or a servo motor. The power is directly transmitted along the axis of the device through the design of the output shaft extending in the axial direction. The first telescopic driving member 412 refers to an actuator realizing axial telescopic motion, which can be realized by a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod. The telescopic end extending in the first direction drives the breaking hammer 421 to produce impact motion. The mounting seat 413 refers to a transition structure connecting rotary driving and telescopic driving, which can be realized by an alloy steel forged part. The mounting seat 413 is in rigid connection with the output shaft of the first driving member 411 through interference fit, and at the same time extends to form mechanical linkage with the first telescopic driving member 412.

[0051] The axial output shaft of the first driving member 411 is in rigid connection with the mounting seat 413 through interference fit. When the output shaft rotates, the mounting seat 413 rotates synchronously. The mounting seat 413 transmits rotary power to the first telescopic driving member 412 through the extension connection structure. While receiving rotary power, the telescopic end of the first telescopic driving member 412 produces reciprocating motion in the axial direction, driving the breaking hammer 421 to form a composite motion trajectory of rotation and impact. The interference fit design of the mounting seat 413 can inhibit structural displacement caused by vibration when bearing high-frequency impact load through rigid connection, ensuring the stability of power transmission. The breaking hammer 421 produces axial impact synchronously during rotation, forming a spiral progressive breaking trajectory, and realizing deep breaking of hard rock stratum.

[0052] In this embodiment, the rotational drive and the telescopic drive are integrated into a coaxial linkage mechanism through the interference fit of the mounting seat 413 and the extension connection structure, eliminating the torque loss caused by traditional lateral transmission. The existing technology can only perform single rotation or impact motion, and the present scheme can cover a larger crushing area in unit time through the superposition of the composite motion trajectory. The existing device is prone to loose connection 415 in a vibrating environment, and the present scheme improves the structural stability of the device under impact load through the rigid connection structure.

[0053] In an embodiment, the mounting seat 413 includes a first connecting ring 414 and a plurality of connecting pieces 415, the first connecting ring 414 is interference-fitted with the output shaft of the first driving member 411, and the plurality of connecting pieces 415 are circumferentially spaced apart on the outer periphery of the first telescopic driving member 412. The same end of each connecting piece 415 is connected with the first connecting ring 414, and the other end is connected with the first telescopic driving member 412.

[0054] Specifically, the first connecting ring 414 refers to a ring-shaped component that is interference-fitted with the output shaft of the driving member, which can be processed by carbon steel forging. The inner diameter is smaller than the outer diameter of the output shaft of the driving member to realize interference assembly. This structure eliminates the transmission gap through mechanical press-fitting, improving the power transmission accuracy. The plurality of connecting pieces 415 refers to rigid connecting rods that are equally angularly distributed in the circumferential direction, which can be achieved by welding six alloy steel rods with rectangular cross-sections. The axis of each rod is parallel to the axis of the output shaft of the driving member. This structure forms a spatial truss through the circumferentially uniform rigid support, maintaining the coaxiality of the telescopic driving member while transmitting the rotational torque.

[0055] The first connecting ring 414 is press-fitted to the end of the output shaft of the driving member, and one end of the six alloy steel connecting rods is welded to the outer edge of the first connecting ring 414, and the other end is welded to the annular flange of the telescopic driving member housing. When the output shaft of the driving member rotates, the torque is transmitted to the connecting rod through the interference-fitted first connecting ring 414, and then the connecting rod pushes the telescopic driving member to rotate synchronously. The impact load generated by the crushing operation is evenly distributed to the output shaft of the driving member through the circumferential distribution structure of the connecting rod, avoiding local stress concentration leading to connection failure. When the telescopic driving member moves axially, the parallel layout of the connecting rod allows it to freely stretch in the axial direction without motion interference. In this embodiment, the interference-fitted ring-shaped connection structure and the circumferentially uniform rigid support rod are combined to form a composite connection system with torsional stiffness and axial freedom, overcoming the stability defects of traditional single-point connection structure. At the same time, the uniform distribution of torque and impact load in the power transmission process is realized, effectively reducing the risk of fatigue fracture of the connecting components, and ensuring the continuity and stability of the crushing operation.

[0056] In an embodiment, the position adjustment mechanism 300 comprises a connecting column 310, a vertical movement assembly 320, a horizontal movement assembly 330, and an angle adjustment assembly 340, the connecting column 310 is installed on the top of the rack 100, the connecting column 310 extends vertically upward, the vertical movement assembly 320 is installed on one side of the connecting column 310, the horizontal movement assembly 330 is installed on the vertical movement assembly 320, the vertical movement assembly 320 can drive the horizontal movement assembly 330 to extend vertically, and the horizontal movement assembly 330 extends horizontally in a second direction, the angle adjustment assembly 340 is installed on the horizontal movement assembly 330, the geological body breaking mechanism 400 is installed on the angle adjustment assembly 340, and the angle adjustment assembly 340 can drive the geological body breaking mechanism 400 to rotate and adjust the angle of the geological body breaking mechanism 400.

[0057] Specifically, the connecting column 310 refers to a rigid structural member for providing vertical support, which can be implemented by a steel cylinder or a rectangular cross-section column, and is fixed to the top of the rack 100 by welding or bolts to stabilize and support the position adjustment mechanism 300. The vertical movement assembly 320 refers to a device capable of realizing linear motion in the vertical direction, which can be implemented by a hydraulic cylinder, a lead screw nut mechanism, or a gear and rack structure, and is installed on the side of the connecting column 310 to drive the horizontal movement assembly 330 to move vertically through extension or transmission. The horizontal movement assembly 330 refers to a device capable of realizing linear extension in the horizontal direction, which can be implemented by a telescopic arm, a slide rail and block mechanism, or a chain transmission structure, and extends horizontally in a second direction. The angle adjustment assembly 340 refers to a device capable of driving the geological body breaking mechanism 400 to rotate around an axis, which can be implemented by a slewing bearing, a worm and gear mechanism, or a servo motor driven turntable, and is installed at the end of the horizontal movement assembly 330 to adjust the working angle of the breaking mechanism by rotation.

[0058] The connecting column 310 serves as the vertical basis of the position adjustment mechanism 300, providing a stable installation reference for subsequent components. The vertical movement assembly 320 adjusts the displacement in the vertical direction, allowing the horizontal movement assembly 330 to adapt to different heights of mine terrain. The horizontal movement assembly 330 extends horizontally in the second direction, expanding the working range of the breaking mechanism in the horizontal plane. The angle adjustment assembly 340 changes the inclination angle of the breaking mechanism by rotating the drive, allowing it to adapt to the complex surface morphology of the mine geological body. The above components are connected in sequence to form a multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment system in three-dimensional space, allowing the breaking mechanism to achieve precise positioning in the vertical, horizontal, and angle dimensions, thereby overcoming the operation deviation caused by terrain changes.

[0059] In this embodiment, through the coordinated cooperation of the connecting column 310, the vertical movement assembly 320, the horizontal movement assembly 330, and the angle adjustment assembly 340, the multi-degree-of-freedom position and angle adjustment of the crushing mechanism in space is realized, and the adaptability of the device to complex mine topography is significantly improved. Through multi-dimensional position adjustment, the crushing mechanism can accurately adapt to the surface of mine geological bodies of different forms, avoiding insufficient crushing or excessive crushing due to positioning deviation, thereby reducing the risk of collapse of the backfill body after repair and improving the safety and stability of the repair operation.

[0060] In an embodiment, the repair mechanism 500 includes a second connecting ring 520, a plurality of stirring plates 530, and a plurality of second telescopic driving members 510, all of which are circumferentially spaced apart on the output shaft of the first telescopic driving member 412. The second telescopic driving member 510 is arranged close to the crushing hammer 421, and the output shaft of the second telescopic driving member 510 extends away from the first telescopic driving member 412, and the output ends of all the second telescopic driving members 510 are located on the outer periphery of the crushing hammer 421. The second connecting ring 520 is interference-fitted with the output shaft of the first telescopic driving member 412, and the second connecting ring 520 is arranged close to the second telescopic driving member 510. A plurality of stirring plates 530 are circumferentially spaced apart on the outer periphery of the crushing hammer 421. The number of stirring plates 530 corresponds to the number of second telescopic driving members 510 and is arranged one-to-one. One end of the stirring plate 530 is hinged to the second connecting ring 520, and the plate body of the stirring plate is hinged to the corresponding second telescopic driving member 510. All the second telescopic driving members 510 can drive the corresponding stirring plates 530 to move, so that the stirring plates 530 can stir the crushed mine geological body.

[0061] Specifically, the second telescopic driving member 510 refers to a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod that can extend and retract in the axial direction, which can be implemented by a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder, and is used to control the deployment angle of the stirring plate 530. The second connecting ring 520 refers to a ring-shaped metal member with an interference-fitted hole, which can be forged from carbon steel, and is used to transmit the rotary power of the first telescopic driving member 412 to the stirring mechanism. The stirring plate 530 refers to a metal plate member with a hinge hole, which can be stamped from manganese steel plate, and the plate surface can be provided with raised lines to enhance the stirring effect.

[0062] When the geological body breaking operation is performed by the breaking hammer 421, the output shaft of the first telescopic drive 412 drives the second connecting ring 520 to rotate synchronously. The second telescopic drive 510 drives the stirring plate 530 to rotate around the hinge point through the telescopic action, so that the plurality of stirring plates 530 form a dynamic stirring area on the outer periphery of the breaking hammer 421. The broken loose geological body is mixed with the repair material under the rotating action of the stirring plate 530, and the angle adjustment function of the stirring plate 530 can adapt to broken materials of different particle sizes. The interference fit between the second connecting ring 520 and the output shaft ensures the connection reliability of the stirring mechanism under the vibration working condition.

[0063] In the embodiment, by integrating the stirring mechanism on the outer periphery of the breaking hammer 421, the material mixing is simultaneously completed during the breaking operation, and the process connection time is shortened. The circumferential distribution design of the stirring plate 530 makes the mixing area cover the breaking operation surface, avoiding local material accumulation. The dynamic adjustment function of the stirring plate 530 can adapt to different geological conditions, effectively reduce the risk of collapse caused by uneven mixing, and improve the structural stability of the repair area.

[0064] In an embodiment, the walking mechanism 200 includes a plurality of walking members 210, and the plurality of walking members 210 are distributed at intervals on the bottom of the rack 100.

[0065] Specifically, the walking member 210 refers to a mechanical component for supporting and moving the rack 100, which can be realized by a hydraulic support leg, a tracked walking device or a wheeled walking device, and its telescopic or rotating is controlled by hydraulic drive or electric drive. The interval distribution on the bottom of the rack 100 means that the plurality of walking members 210 are arranged in the rack 100 bottom plane according to the preset interval, forming a symmetrical or asymmetrical support point layout, for example, four groups of walking members 210 are arranged in the four corner areas of the bottom of the rack 100.

[0066] In the complex terrain of the mine, the plurality of walking members 210 can adapt to the uneven ground by independently adjusting the height or position of each walking member 210. When the device moves to the operation area, each walking member 210 automatically adjusts the support height according to the ground undulation, so that the rack 100 remains in a horizontal state. During the breaking or repair operation, the plurality of walking members 210 jointly bear the load of the rack 100 and the operation components, avoiding support failure caused by local soft geological conditions. The interval distribution design makes the support points cover a larger bottom area, forming a stable polygonal support structure, effectively suppressing the shaking of the equipment under the action of operation vibration or external force.

[0067] In some embodiments, the walking members 210 can be configured as telescopic hydraulic legs, with non-slip pads installed at the ends of the legs to enhance grip. For example, four hydraulic legs are fixed at the four corner positions of the bottom of the frame 100, and each leg is controlled by an independent hydraulic system to adjust the telescopic amount, so as to adapt to different slope terrains.

[0068] In the present embodiment, the walking members 210 are spaced apart at multiple points, which significantly improves the redundancy and terrain adaptability of the support system, especially in broken operations, effectively absorbs vibration energy, and avoids equipment tipping caused by unstable support. The spaced distribution design of the plurality of walking members 210 ensures that the device is always stably supported during movement and operation, reduces the risk of equipment shaking or tipping caused by local geological defects, and improves the passability and adaptability of the device in different terrain conditions.

[0069] Based on the same technical concept, in a second aspect, the present application also provides a mine ecological restoration method, comprising the following steps: S100, obtaining a restoration position of a mine ecological restoration area to be restored according to geological data of the mine ecological restoration area to be restored; S200, controlling the mine ecological restoration device of the first aspect to perform restoration work on each of the restoration positions.

[0070] Specifically, the geological data refers to the stratigraphic structure, rock and soil mechanical properties and topographic feature information of the mine area obtained by geological exploration means, which can be realized by three-dimensional geological modeling technology or remote sensing monitoring technology, and is used to identify weak geological areas. The restoration position refers to the area in the mine geological body that has structural defects or potential collapse risk, which can be processed by a data analysis algorithm to generate restoration coordinate points for guiding the accurate positioning of the restoration device. The mine ecological restoration device refers to a device integrating the functions of geological body breaking and immediate restoration, which can be realized by a composite structure with a breaking hammer and a stirring plate. The breaking hammer is used to break unstable rock mass, and the stirring plate is used to mix the restoration material with the broken geological body.

[0071] In determining the restoration position, the areas with loose structure or abnormal stress are identified by geological data analysis, and restoration coordinate points are generated and input into the control system of the restoration device. After the restoration device moves to the target position, the breaking hammer is used to break the geological body to eliminate unstable structures; then the stirring plate mixes the restoration material with the broken geological body to form a stable composite structure layer. The breaking and restoration processes are continuously completed in the same device, avoiding the secondary disturbance caused by equipment switching in traditional step-by-step operation, and the broken geological body is immediately reinforced, thereby maintaining the overall structural stability of the restoration area.

[0072] In the embodiment, the continuous operation of breaking and repairing is realized by the integrated device, the broken geological body is immediately filled and reinforced by the repairing material, and the structural instability risk caused by the process interval is eliminated. At the same time, the precise positioning based on the geological data avoids the invalid treatment of non-weak areas and reduces the interference to the surrounding geological environment. Finally, the backfill body collapse risk caused by the change of terrain can be effectively reduced, the broken geological body forms a stable composite structure layer under the action of the repairing material, and the geological bearing capacity of the repaired area is improved. The integrated operation mode reduces the repeated disturbance to the geological environment in the construction process, and ensures the safety and stability after the repair.

[0073] The above only describes the exemplary embodiments of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application, and any equivalent structural transformation made by using the content of the present application specification and drawings, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields is included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A mine ecological restoration device, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of geological body breaking mechanism and position adjusting mechanism, including: Rack, channel is formed on the rack along vertical arrangement, the bottom of the rack is equipped with walking mechanism, the top of the rack is provided with mounting position; Position adjusting mechanism, the position adjusting mechanism is installed in the mounting position, and the end of the position adjusting mechanism away from the mounting position is formed with connecting position; Geological body breaking mechanism, the geological body breaking mechanism is installed in the connecting position, the position adjusting mechanism can drive the geological body breaking mechanism to rotate, to adjust the position of the geological body breaking mechanism and make the geological body breaking mechanism can break the corresponding position mine geological body;And, Repair mechanism, the repair mechanism is installed in the geological body breaking mechanism, the repair mechanism can repair the corresponding mine geological body after the geological body breaking mechanism breaks the corresponding mine geological body.

2. The mine ecological restoration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The geological body breaking mechanism includes: Drive assembly, the drive assembly is installed in the connecting position, and the output end of the drive assembly is arranged in the direction away from the position adjusting mechanism;And, Breaking assembly, the breaking assembly is installed in the output end of the drive assembly, and the drive assembly can drive the breaking assembly to move and break the mine geological body.

3. The mine ecological restoration device of claim 2, wherein, The breaking assembly includes breaking hammer, the breaking hammer is installed in the output end of the drive assembly, and the drive assembly can drive the breaking hammer to rotate, so that the breaking hammer can hammer and break the mine geological body.

4. The mine ecological restoration device of claim 3, wherein, A plurality of circumferentially spaced mounting grooves are formed on the breaking hammer, and the breaking assembly further includes a plurality of breaking steel drills, the number of the breaking steel drills is consistent with the number of the mounting grooves, and the tip of each breaking steel drill is arranged in the direction away from the breaking hammer.

5. The mine ecological restoration device of claim 3, wherein, The drive assembly includes: First driving part, the first driving part is installed in the connecting position, the output shaft of the first driving part is arranged in the direction away from the connecting position, and the output shaft of the first driving part extends in the first direction away from the connecting position; First telescopic driving part, the first telescopic driving part is installed in the output end of the first driving part, the telescopic end of the first telescopic driving part extends in the first direction, and the output end of the first telescopic driving part installs the breaking hammer;And, Mounting seat, the mounting seat is interference-fitted with the output end of the first driving part, and the mounting seat extends to be connected with the first telescopic driving part, and the first driving part can drive the mounting seat to rotate, so that the first driving part rotates and breaks the mine geological body, and the first driving part can also drive the mounting seat to drive the breaking hammer to extend and retract in the first direction, so that the breaking hammer can hammer and break the mine geological body.

6. The mine ecological restoration device of claim 5, wherein, The mounting seat includes: First connecting ring, the first connecting ring is interference-fitted with the output shaft of the first driving part;And, Multiple connecting pieces, multiple connecting pieces are circumferentially spaced on the outer periphery of the first telescopic driving part, one end of each connecting piece is connected with the first connecting ring, and the other end is connected with the first telescopic driving part.

7. The mine ecological restoration device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The position adjusting mechanism includes: Connecting column, the connecting column is installed on the top of the rack, and the connecting column extends upward in the vertical direction; A vertical movement assembly is installed on one side of the connecting column; A horizontal movement assembly is installed on the vertical movement assembly, the vertical movement assembly can drive the horizontal movement assembly to extend vertically, and the horizontal movement assembly extends horizontally in a second direction; and An angle adjustment assembly is installed on the horizontal movement assembly, the geological body breaking mechanism is installed on the angle adjustment assembly, the angle adjustment assembly can drive the geological body breaking mechanism to rotate and adjust the angle of the geological body breaking mechanism.

8. The mine ecological restoration device of claim 7, wherein, The repair mechanism comprises: A plurality of second telescopic driving members are distributed along the circumference of the output shaft of the first telescopic driving member, the second telescopic driving members are arranged close to the breaking hammer, the output shaft of the second telescopic driving member extends away from the first telescopic driving member, and the output ends of all the second telescopic driving members are located on the outer periphery of the breaking hammer; A second connecting ring is in interference fit with the output shaft of the first telescopic driving member, and the second connecting ring is arranged close to the second telescopic driving member; and A plurality of stirring plates are distributed along the circumference of the outer periphery of the breaking hammer, the number of the stirring plates is consistent with and corresponds to the number of the second telescopic driving members, one end of each of the stirring plates is hinged to the second connecting ring, the plate body of the stirring plate is hinged to the corresponding second telescopic driving member, and all the second telescopic driving members can drive the corresponding stirring plates to move, so that the stirring plates can stir the broken mine geological body.

9. The mine ecological restoration device of claim 8, wherein, The walking mechanism comprises a plurality of walking members, and the walking members are distributed on the bottom of the rack.

10. A method of mine ecological restoration, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: According to the geological data of the mine ecological restoration area to be restored, the repair position of the mine ecological restoration area to be restored is obtained; The mine ecological restoration device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is controlled to perform repair work on each repair position.

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