Aluminum alloy hot-pressing sinking machining die

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation aircraft manufacturing, and relates to a machining die for hot-pressing sinking of an aviation sheet metal profile part based on a novel aluminum alloy profile. An aluminum alloy hot-pressing sinking machining die comprises an upper die and a lower die which are oppositely arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion of a machine tool. The upper die comprises an upper die base, a pressing block I and a pressing block IV; the lower die comprises a bottom plate, a lower die I, a lower die II, a pressing block II and a pressing block III. The method has the following advantages that the process of manufacturing multiple sets of special hot-pressing sinking dies can be omitted, consumption of raw materials is saved, and the part production preparation period and the hot-pressing sinking die heating time are shortened; different sinking depths and different transition area lengths of profiles with the same specification, different sizes and different specifications can be machined; the device is simple and convenient to operate, the sinking depth, the transition area length, the part surface quality, especially collapse are all guaranteed, the follow-up correction work of sheet metal workers is reduced, the work efficiency is improved, and a basis is provided for follow-up production and manufacturing of similar parts.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of aircraft manufacturing, and relates to a machining die for hot pressing of an aviation sheet metal profile part based on a new aluminum alloy profile. BACKGROUND

[0002] In a certain type of aircraft component, there are a large number of asymmetric aluminum alloy profiles. This material is a third-generation new type of aluminum alloy material, which has the characteristics of high strength, small density and large springback. In order to avoid parts, there is one or more depressions in the drawing of the fuselage framework aluminum alloy profile of a certain type of aircraft. Due to the high hardness of the aluminum alloy material, the material needs to be heated and formed during pressing. The depression is usually stamped and formed by a depression die.

[0003] A certain type of new aluminum alloy profile has a complex and asymmetric cross section, as shown in Figure 1 . The types of depressions in the design drawing are also diverse. Currently, for hot pressing of aluminum alloy profiles, a special depression die is usually used for stamping and forming. Since this type of aluminum alloy profile is usually a framework structure in an aircraft and is directly connected to the skin, the size and geometric precision after processing are required to be high, and the manufacturing precision directly affects the assembly quality of the fuselage skin.

[0004] In view of the characteristics of the new type of aluminum alloy material, such as high strength, small density, large springback and a large number of depression types in the numerical model, the following problems exist in the current situation during the pressing of the depression: (1) The surface roughness, flatness and strength of the die are required to be high for the stamping and forming of the part. The part is asymmetric, and there is a transition fillet on the vertical edge and the bottom surface in Figure 1 . In the special depression die, the transition fillet is also used, and the two fillets do not match during stamping, there is a gap that cannot support the part, and obvious collapse is easily formed at this position; (2) The current depression die only heats the lower die body and is placed on a hollow die seat, which leads to fast heat dissipation; the outer dimensions of the same size of the part are within a certain range, which leads to poor surface quality of the stamped part and often has obvious collapse; the fillets on the vertical edge and the bottom surface of the part do not match, which leads to collapse of the part; different specifications of materials, different depression depths and different depression transition zone lengths lead to the fact that the special depression die cannot meet the requirements at the same time; (3) The stamped part is an extruded profile, and the outer dimensions of each part are within a certain range, especially Figure 1 the height dimension H and the width dimension L, which have the greatest impact on the hot pressing process. With the change of these two dimensions, the depression collapse degree of each stamping is different, and cracks are easily produced; (4) The current hot-pressing sinking mold is related to three factors, i.e., the size of the material, the sinking depth and the length of the transition zone. If any of the three factors is changed, the hot-pressing sinking mold needs to be re-manufactured. The profile size used in a certain type of machine reaches more than ten types, and the sinking depth varies from 0.4 mm to 3 mm, and the length of the transition zone is different, resulting in that there are more than one hundred sets of the current hot-pressing sinking mold. Since the hot-pressing sinking mold needs to be frequently replaced during the process of the parts, the sinking efficiency of the parts is low. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide an aluminum alloy hot-pressing sinking processing mold, which can satisfy various types of sinking and reduce collapse of materials with different sizes and specifications, so as to achieve the purpose of universal processing and improve the surface quality.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: an aluminum alloy hot-pressing sinking processing mold, comprising an upper mold and a lower mold, the upper mold and the lower mold are oppositely arranged at the upper and lower parts of a machine tool; The upper mold comprises an upper mold base, a pressing block I and a pressing block IV, the lower surface of the upper mold base is respectively fixedly installed with the pressing block I and the pressing block IV through a discharging plate I and a discharging plate II, the discharging plate I is movable up and down relative to the upper mold base, and the external shape of the pressing block I and the pressing block IV is consistent with the internal shape of a part to be hot-pressed and sunk; The lower mold comprises a bottom plate, a lower mold I, a lower mold II, a pressing block II and a pressing block III, the number of the pressing block II and the pressing block III is both two, which are oppositely arranged at the two sides of the lower mold I and the lower mold II respectively, the length of the lower mold I, the lower mold II, the pressing block II and the pressing block III is consistent with the length of the pressing block I and the pressing block IV respectively, the upper surface of the pressing block II and the pressing block III is provided with a groove, and the shape of the groove is consistent with the external shape of the part to be hot-pressed and sunk, the lower mold I is fixed on the bottom plate, and the lower mold II, the pressing block II and the pressing block III are movable up and down relative to the bottom plate.

[0007] Preferably, a sliding groove structure is arranged between the discharging plate II and the upper mold base, so that the discharging plate II is movable relative to the upper mold base in the direction of approaching or moving away from the discharging plate I.

[0008] Preferably, the end part of the discharging plate II close to the discharging plate I is consistent with the shape of the transition zone in the length direction of the part to be hot-pressed and sunk.

[0009] Preferably, the bottom plate is a solid steel structure.

[0010] Further, an adjusting gasket is further arranged, when it is needed to adjust the height of the groove of the pressing block II and the upper surface of the lower mold I, the adjusting gasket is arranged between the pressing block II and the bottom plate, so that the height value of the adjusted mold is matched with the height of the part to be hot-pressed and sunk.

[0011] Preferably, during the process of putting and heating the part to be hot-pressed and sunk, the upper surfaces of the lower mold I and the lower mold II are flush, and the groove surfaces of the pressing block II and the pressing block III are flush.

[0012] Further, the heating holes are arranged on the lower die I, the lower die II, the pressing block II, the pressing block III and the unloading plate II, and are used for placing the heating rods.

[0013] Further, the temperature measuring holes are arranged on one side of the heating holes of the lower die I, the lower die II and the unloading plate II, and the thermocouples are arranged in the temperature measuring holes and are used for monitoring the temperature of the mold.

[0014] Preferably, the size of the groove part of the pressing block II is consistent with the size of the largest groove in the profile.

[0015] Preferably, the transition zones between the lower die I, the lower die II and the pressing block II and the pressing block III are consistent with the shapes of the transition zones of the height and width of the parts to be hot-pressed.

[0016] Design principle: the mold and the mold base are integrated, and the upper die and the lower die are heated at the same time to solve the problem of low surface temperature of the parts to be hot-pressed; and different pressing blocks and adjusting shims are used to simultaneously meet the processing of different sizes and specifications of materials, and various types of depressions can be formed at the same time, so that the universal processing and the surface quality are improved.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: 1. The process of manufacturing multiple sets of special hot-pressed depression molds can be saved, the consumption of raw materials is saved, the production preparation period of the parts and the heating time of the hot-pressed depression mold are reduced; 2. The universal processing can be realized, and different depression depths and different transition zone lengths of the same specification and different sizes and different specifications of the profile can be processed; 3. The operation is simple and convenient, the depression depth, the transition zone length and the surface quality of the parts, especially the collapse, are guaranteed, the subsequent correction work of the sheet metal is reduced, the work efficiency is improved, and the basis for subsequent production and manufacturing of similar parts is provided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a part structure schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is an upper die and lower die structure schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is an upper die and lower die structure schematic diagram after the upper die and the lower die are combined (including adjusting shims) in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a depression transition zone length and depression depth adjustment schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is a part structure schematic diagram after the part is put into the lower die in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 is a hot-pressed depression forming effect diagram in the embodiment of the present application; Figures 2-6 In the figure, 1 - handle; 2 - upper die holder; 3 - spring; 4 - stripper plate I; 5 - pressing block I; 6 - lower die I; 7 - pressing block II; 8 - side stop; 9 - fixed support; 10 - bottom plate; 11 - adjusting rod; 12 - pressing block III; 13 - spring; 14 - lower die II; 15 - heating hole; 16 - temperature measuring hole; 17 - pressing block IV; 18 - stripper plate II; 19 - adjusting spacer; 20 - adjusting direction of stripper plate I; 21 - adjusting direction of pressing block IV; 22 - part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] It should be noted that in the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and the like are described according to the state shown in the drawings or the state commonly used, and do not constitute a limitation on the present application. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand the technical solutions of the present application.

[0020] The following will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings Figures 1-6 Further details of the present application: an aluminum alloy hot pressing sinking processing die, comprising an upper die and a lower die, the upper die and the lower die are oppositely arranged on the upper and lower parts of a machine tool; the upper die mainly comprises a handle 1, an upper die holder 2, a spring 3, a stripper plate I 4, a pressing block I 5, a pressing block IV 17 and a stripper plate II 18; the lower die comprises a lower die I 6, a pressing block II 7, a side stop 8, a fixed support 9, a bottom plate 10, an adjusting rod 11, a pressing block III 12, a spring 13, a lower die II 14 and an adjusting spacer 19. Among them, the lower die I 6 and the lower die II 14 are provided with heating holes 15 and temperature measuring holes 16, the pressing block II 7 and the pressing block III 12 are provided with heating holes 15, and the stripper plate II 18 is provided with heating holes 15 and temperature measuring holes 16.

[0021] As Figure 2 shown in the figure, in the upper die, the handle 1 is installed on the upper surface of the upper die holder 2 and located at the center position, used for installing the upper die on the machine tool; the lower surface of the upper die holder 2 is respectively installed with the stripper plate II 18 and the stripper plate I 4 on the left and right, the pressing block I 5 and the pressing block IV 17 are respectively fixedly installed on the lower surface of the stripper plate I 4 and the stripper plate II 18, the external shape of the pressing block I 5 and the pressing block IV 17 is consistent with the internal shape of the part to be hot pressed sinking 22; a sliding groove structure is arranged between the stripper plate II 18 and the upper die holder 2, the left and right positions of the pressing block IV 17 are adjusted by the built-in screw rod and the adjustable bolt, as shown by 21 in the figure, so that the stripper plate II 18 can move towards or away from the stripper plate I 4 relative to the upper die holder 2; the stripper plate I 4 is connected with the upper die holder 2 through the positioning pin and the spring 3, the left and right positions of the pressing block I 5 are fixed, when subjected to external force, the pressing block I 5 moves up and down relative to the upper die holder 2 along with the stripper plate I 4, as shown by 20 in the figure; Figure 4 Figure 4 ​​The left and right position distance of the pressing block I 5 and the pressing block IV 17 forms a sunken transition zone, so that the length of the transition zone is adjusted by adjusting the left and right position of the pressing block IV 17. When the universal sunken mold is pressed downward, the up and down position of the pressing block IV 17 is fixed, and the up and down position of the pressing block I 5 is adjusted by the contraction of the spring 3 at the upper end. The up and down position distance of the pressing block I 5 and the pressing block IV 17 forms the depth of the sunken, and the depth of the sunken is adjusted by adjusting the stroke of the machine tool to adjust the up and down position of the pressing block I 5, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the depth of the sunken.

[0022] As shown in Figure 2 The number of the pressing block II 7 and the pressing block III 12 in the lower mold is two, which are respectively arranged on the two sides of the lower mold I 6 and the lower mold II 14. The length of the lower mold I 6, the lower mold II 14, the pressing block II and the pressing block III is consistent with the length of the pressing block I and the pressing block IV. The upper surface of the pressing block II 7 and the pressing block III 12 is provided with a groove, and the shape of the groove is consistent with the external shape of the part to be hot-pressed sunken. The mold is in an overall structure. The lower mold I 6 is connected with the bottom plate 10 through the groove, the lower mold II 14 is fixed with the bottom plate 10 through the positioning pin and the spring 13, and the bottom plate is a solid steel structure. The overall structure of the mold and the mold base makes the heat not conducted to the floor during the heating process of the mold, but only conducted to the surface of the mold. At the same time, the lower mold I 6, the lower mold II 14, the pressing block II 7, the pressing block III 12 and the unloading plate II 18 of the mold are all provided with heating holes. In the stamping process, the heating rod is placed in these heating holes 15 to heat the corresponding parts. In this way, the whole hot-pressed sunken mold is in a heating state, and the temperature of the part can be effectively guaranteed during the whole stamping process, especially in the moment when the upper mold contacts the part.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the side baffle 8 is arranged on the bottom plate and opposite to the vertical plate on the bottom plate 10, located outside the pressing block II 7 and the pressing block III 12, and the side surface of the side baffle 8 is provided with a blind hole. The side baffle 8 is limited by the fixed support 9 fixed on the bottom plate 10 and the adjusting rod 11. The fixed support 9 is provided with a through hole, and the through hole corresponds to the position of the blind hole. The adjusting rod 11 passes through the through hole and extends into the blind hole of the side baffle 8.

[0024] Taking a 2-shaped profile (as shown in Figure 1 The size of the groove part of the pressing block II 7 is the largest size in this type of profile, so that all specifications of this type of profile can be placed in the pressing block. The pressing block I 5 and the pressing block IV 17 are customized according to the size of various specifications, and the two pressing blocks are fixed with the unloading plate I 4 and the unloading plate II 18 through the positioning pin and the screw. In the production process, specific pressing blocks I 5 and pressing blocks IV 17 are selected according to the specifications of the parts, and the pressing blocks are fixed on the unloading plate I 4 and the unloading plate II 18 to stamp the parts, so as to achieve the purpose of manufacturing different specifications of materials.

[0025] An aluminum alloy hot sinking processing method, comprising the following steps: First, according to the specifications of the parts, select the appropriate pressure block I 5 and pressure block IV 17, using positioning pins and screws to fix the pressure block I 5 and pressure block IV 17 with the stripper plate I 4 and stripper plate II 18 respectively. According to the height of the part size, select the appropriate adjusting pad 19, such as Figure 3 The adjusting pad 19 is placed between the pressure block II 7 and the bottom plate 10 to adjust the height of the pressure block II 7 groove and the upper surface of the lower die I 6, so that the adjusted height matches the height of the part 22. The adjusted height value should be less than the height value of the part. During stamping, the mold will support the part, so that the part after stamping forms a slight collapse in the sinking area, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the collapse and improving the surface quality. Reduce the collapse and improve the surface quality; Then, adjust the left and right movement of the pressure block IV 17 by adjusting the built-in screw rod and adjustable bolt, and fix the bolt when it is adjusted to the appropriate position. In this way, the required transition zone is formed in the sinking transition zone. By adjusting the travel of the machine tool, relying on the contraction of the rubber pad installed on the stripper plate I 4 and the spring of the lower die, the height difference between the pressure block I 5 and the pressure block IV 17 is formed, and the same height difference between the pressure block II 7 and the pressure block III 12 is also formed. This height difference forms the required sinking depth. The formation of the transition zone and the sinking depth is shown in Figure 4 ; Then, heat the heating rods placed in the lower die I 6, the lower die II 14, the pressure block II 7, the pressure block III 12 and the stripper plate II 18, thereby heating the mold. The temperature of the mold is monitored by inserting the thermocouple in the temperature measuring hole 16 reserved in the lower die I 6, the lower die II 14 and the stripper plate II 18. When the mold temperature reaches a certain temperature, the heating rod stops heating; when the mold temperature is lower than a certain temperature, the heating rod starts heating. In this way, the mold temperature is controlled within a certain range. When the mold temperature is stable within a certain range, the part is placed on the lower die I 6, the lower die II 14, the pressure block II 7 and the pressure block III 12. The placement of the part 22 is shown in Figure 5 The part 22 is heated by the mold. During the placement and heating of the part, the upper surfaces of the lower die I 6 and the lower die II 14 are flush, and the two grooves of the pressure block II 7 and the pressure block III 12 are also flush. When the part 22 is heated to a certain temperature, the machine tool is punched down, so that hot sinking is carried out, and the effect is shown in Figure 6 .

[0026] The above is the illustrative embodiment of the present application, not to limit the scope of the present application. The equivalent changes and modifications made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present application, should be within the scope of the present application. Moreover, it should be noted that the components of the present application are not limited to the overall application described above, the technical features described in the specification of the present application can be selected alone or combined with multiple applications, therefore, the present application covers the combination and its specific application related to the present application.

Claims

1. A hot pressing and sinking die for aluminum alloy, comprising an upper die and a lower die, characterized in that: The upper and lower dies are positioned opposite each other on the upper and lower parts of the machine tool; The upper mold includes an upper mold base, pressure block I, and pressure block IV. Pressure block I and pressure block IV are installed and fixed on the lower surface of the upper mold base through stripper plate I and stripper plate II, respectively. Stripper plate I can move up and down relative to the upper mold base. The external shape of pressure block I and pressure block IV is consistent with the internal shape of the part to be heat-pressed and sunken. The lower mold includes a base plate, lower mold I, lower mold II, pressure block II, and pressure block III. There are two pressure blocks II and three pressure blocks III, which are respectively arranged on both sides of lower mold I and lower mold II. The lengths of lower mold I, lower mold II, pressure block II, and pressure block III are the same as the lengths of pressure block I and pressure block IV, respectively. The upper surfaces of pressure block II and pressure block III are provided with grooves, and the shape of the grooves is consistent with the external shape of the part to be heat-pressed. Lower mold I is fixed on the base plate, and lower mold II, pressure block II, and pressure block III can all move up and down relative to the base plate.

2. The aluminum alloy hot pressing and sinking die according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sliding groove structure is provided between the stripper plate II and the upper mold base, so that the stripper plate II can move relative to the upper mold base towards or away from the stripper plate I.

3. The aluminum alloy hot pressing and sinking die according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shape of the end of the unloading plate II near the unloading plate I is consistent with the shape of the transition zone along the length of the part to be hot-pressed and sunken.

4. The aluminum alloy hot pressing and sinking die according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base plate is a solid steel structure.

5. The aluminum alloy hot pressing and sinking die according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an adjusting shim. When it is necessary to adjust the height of the groove of the pressure block II and the upper surface of the lower mold I, the adjusting shim is placed between the pressure block II and the base plate so that the adjusted mold height value matches the height of the part to be hot-pressed.

6. The aluminum alloy hot pressing and sinking die according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the process of placing and heating the part to be pressed, the upper surfaces of the lower mold I and the lower mold II are flush, and the groove surfaces of the pressure block II and the pressure block III are flush.

7. The aluminum alloy hot pressing and sinking die according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes heating holes, a total of which are set on the lower mold I, lower mold II, pressure block II, pressure block III and unloading plate II, for placing heating rods.

8. The aluminum alloy hot pressing and sinking die according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes temperature measuring holes, which are set on one side of the heating holes of lower mold I, lower mold II and stripper plate II. Thermocouples are placed in the temperature measuring holes to monitor the temperature of the mold.

9. The aluminum alloy hot pressing and sinking die according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dimensions of the groove portion of the pressure block II are consistent with the largest groove size in this type of material.

10. The aluminum alloy hot pressing and sinking die according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transition zone between lower mold I, lower mold II and pressure block II, and pressure block III has the same shape as the transition zone of the height and width of the part to be heated and pressed.

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