Anti-overturning tensile shock insulation rubber support and application method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-overturning tensile shock insulation rubber support and an application method thereof. The support comprises an upper support mechanism, a lower support mechanism and a tensile shock insulation mechanism. The upper support mechanism comprises an upper support plate (1), the lower support mechanism comprises a lower support plate (4), and the upper support plate (1) and the lower support plate (4) are respectively provided with a support plate T-shaped groove (10); the tensile shock insulation mechanism comprises a rubber support base body (3), a tensile guide block (8) and a movable guide block (7), the tensile guide block (8) and the movable guide block (7) are arranged at the two ends of the rubber support base body (3) respectively, a sliding groove is formed in the tensile guide block (8), one face of the movable guide block (7) is inserted into the sliding groove, and the other face of the movable guide block (7) is inserted into a support plate T-shaped groove (10). By introducing a multi-embedding guide mechanism, precise guide and energy consumption control under beam body displacement are achieved, and the technical problems that a support is prone to disengagement under the earthquake effect, the tensile capacity is insufficient, and the anti-overturning stability is insufficient are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seismic isolation bearing technology, and more specifically, relates to an anti-overturning, tensile-resistant seismic isolation rubber bearing and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] Single-column piers are widely used in the construction of urban overpasses, ramp bridges, and cross-line bridges due to their simple structure, space-saving design, and aesthetic appeal. In high-seismic-intensity areas, rubber-based or friction pendulum seismic isolation bearings are generally used in single-column piers. Among them, lead-core rubber bearings, high-damping rubber bearings, and ordinary rubber bearings are widely used due to their excellent seismic isolation, post-earthquake recovery, maintenance-free operation, and good economic efficiency. However, their support structure results in insufficient torsional stiffness, making them prone to overturning under eccentric or overload conditions.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, patent document CN113110408A discloses a responsive displacement-limited friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing. Its structure includes an upper support plate, a middle support plate, and a lower support plate. The upper and middle support plates form a friction pendulum via a spherical liner. A planar friction pair exists between the middle and lower support plates. A limiting ring is fitted around the friction pendulum and is mounted on either the upper or lower support plate using shear bolts. An annular cavity surrounding the planar friction pair is formed between the lower and middle support plates. The bottom of the limiting ring has a pressing boss that matches and is perpendicular to the annular cavity. Furthermore, patent CN215949921U discloses a pull-out resistant and overturning-resistant sliding seismic isolation rubber bearing structure, solving the technical problems that seismic isolation rubber bearings cannot reduce vertical tensile stress under vertical seismic forces and cannot reduce the swing direction of the rubber bearing under horizontal seismic forces. The invention includes upper and lower connecting plates, with a rubber support between the upper and lower connecting plates. The rubber support has sealing plates at its upper and lower ends, which slidably engage with the upper and lower connecting plates. The upper connecting plate is connected to a first anti-pull-out slide rail, and the lower connecting plate is connected to a second anti-pull-out slide rail. The sealing plates on the rubber support contact a first anti-pull-out limiting block and a second anti-pull-out limiting block. The first anti-pull-out slide rail slidably engages with the first anti-pull-out limiting block, and the second anti-pull-out slide rail slidably engages with the second anti-pull-out limiting block; used for tensile anti-overturning of building structures.

[0004] Although patent CN113110408A solved the problem of distinguishing and restricting the displacement of horizontal sliding and friction pendulum during earthquakes, and the horizontal friction pair was restricted after the earthquake to ensure that the friction pendulum works independently and is not affected by horizontal displacement, patent CN215949921U provides a sliding seismic isolation rubber bearing structure that is resistant to pull-out and overturning. It solves the problem that existing seismic isolation rubber bearings cannot reduce vertical tensile stress under vertical seismic forces and cannot reduce the swing direction of the rubber bearing under horizontal seismic forces. However, the following technical problems still exist: (1) Insufficient response to vertical forces: Only focusing on the distinction and limitation of horizontal sliding and friction pendulum displacement, there is a lack of effective design when facing the vertical force of earthquakes under extreme working conditions, and the vertical tensile stress cannot be reduced; (2) Lack of redundancy in overturning risk: Only using seismic isolation bearings to meet the seismic requirements of bridges, without fully considering the redundancy of overturning risk of bridges during normal operation or under earthquakes; (3) Requirement to add additional devices: Because the problem of vertical forces is not considered, vertical limiting devices need to be added in actual application, which leads to an increase in structural size, complicated installation, and increased construction difficulty and time cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] 1. To address the aforementioned deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, this invention provides an anti-overturning tensile isolation rubber bearing and an anti-overturning method. By introducing a multi-interlocking guiding mechanism consisting of tensile guide blocks, movable guide blocks, and T-slots, it achieves precise guidance and energy dissipation control of the beam under longitudinal and transverse displacements. This overcomes the problems of traditional rubber bearings being prone to detachment under strong earthquakes, insufficient tensile strength, and the tendency for bearings to detach and generate negative reactions under the most unfavorable live load (vehicle load) conditions on steel bridges, especially curved steel beams, which often suffer from insufficient anti-overturning stability. This design not only ensures effective dissipation of seismic energy and mitigation of structural response but also establishes a continuous and reliable mechanical transmission path between the upper and lower structures, improving the overall stability and safety redundancy of the seismic isolation device at the system level. It has significant theoretical value and engineering application significance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, an anti-overturning, tensile-resistant, and seismic-isolation rubber bearing is provided, comprising an upper bearing mechanism, a lower bearing mechanism, and a tensile-resistant and seismic-isolation mechanism disposed between the upper bearing mechanism and the lower bearing mechanism; wherein... The upper support mechanism includes an upper support plate, and the lower support mechanism includes a lower support plate. The upper support plate and the lower support plate are respectively provided with support plate T-slots. The tensile isolation mechanism includes a rubber bearing base for absorbing and dissipating seismic energy and reducing the impact of seismic forces on the beam and substructure during longitudinal bridge displacement. Tensile guide blocks and movable guide blocks are respectively located at both ends of the rubber bearing base. The tensile guide blocks have internal grooves, and one side of the movable guide block is inserted into the groove, while the other side is inserted into the T-shaped groove of the bearing plate. During longitudinal bridge displacement, the movable guide block and the tensile guide block form a sliding fit. The T-shaped component, through its engagement with the appropriate grooves, provides precise guidance for longitudinal bridge displacement. Simultaneously, it transfers the displacement and load of the upper bearing plate to the tensile guide block and the lower bearing plate, becoming a crucial "bridge" component for the transmission of longitudinal bridge force and displacement, preventing component detachment and maintaining the integrity of the isolation system.

[0007] Furthermore, the movable guide block includes a movable guide block T-shaped strip that forms a sliding fit with the tensile guide block.

[0008] Furthermore, the movable guide block includes limiting blocks and limiting block bolts disposed at both ends of the T-shaped strip of the movable guide block for limiting horizontal sliding displacement.

[0009] Furthermore, the tensile guide includes a tensile guide block T-groove that cooperates with the movable guide block T-shaped strip.

[0010] Furthermore, the movable guide block includes a movable guide block T-shaped block that fits into the T-shaped groove of the support plate and slides along it.

[0011] Furthermore, the movable guide block T-shaped block includes a protrusion.

[0012] Furthermore, the tensile guide block includes a transverse groove and a longitudinal groove that match the T-shaped strip of the movable guide block.

[0013] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for applying an anti-overturning, anti-tensile, and seismic isolation rubber bearing is provided, which includes: when an earthquake causes arbitrary displacement of a beam, the method comprises: S110: The material properties of the rubber bearing matrix itself provide horizontal stiffness to achieve seismic isolation function; S120: The movable guide block T-shaped block slides transversely along the T-shaped groove of the support plate; S130: The movable guide block T-shaped strip cooperates with the tensile guide block T-shaped groove to slide in a relatively directional manner and remain stable, ensuring the vertical connection from the upper support plate to the lower support plate and that the vertical load transfer path is always continuous.

[0014] Furthermore, when a bridge is about to overturn due to external loads, this includes: S210: The movable guide block moves along the T-slot of the support plate; S220: The movable guide block relies on the T-shaped component for tensile guide block sliding fit; S230: The tensile guide block uses the T-slot of the tensile guide block to constrain the movable guide block, forming a horizontal reaction couple to resist the overturning moment; S240: The rubber bearing base provides vertical load-bearing capacity and energy dissipation, maintaining vertical stability; S250: The lower support plate transmits the reaction force, and the limit block and bolts ensure that the displacement of each component is controllable.

[0015] Furthermore, when a bridge exhibits a tendency to detach from its natural structure, this includes: S310: The upper support plate bears the reaction force of the void and guides the displacement of the movable guide block through the T-slot of the support plate; S320: The movable guide block relies on the sliding cooperation between the T-shaped component and the upper and lower support plates and the tensile guide block to transmit force and displacement; S330: T-slot of tensile guide block constrains movable guide block to resist release tension; S340: The rubber bearing base provides vertical load-bearing capacity and energy dissipation, maintaining overall stability; S350: The lower support plate transmits the reaction force to the foundation, and the limit block and bolts ensure that the displacement of each component is controllable. Each component works together to resist the tendency of the beam to detach.

[0016] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 2. This invention proposes a high-performance seismic isolation bearing system that combines tensile strength and anti-overturning function. By introducing a multi-interlocking guiding mechanism consisting of tensile guide blocks, movable guide blocks, and T-slots, it achieves precise guidance and energy dissipation control of the beam under longitudinal and transverse displacements. This overcomes the problems of traditional rubber bearings being prone to detachment under strong earthquakes and having insufficient tensile strength, as well as the tendency for steel bridges to experience bearing detachment and negative reaction forces under the most unfavorable live load (vehicle load), especially for curved steel beams, which often suffer from insufficient anti-overturning stability. This design not only ensures effective dissipation of seismic energy and mitigation of structural response but also establishes a continuous and reliable mechanical transmission path between the upper and lower structures, improving the overall stability and safety redundancy of the seismic isolation device at the system level. It has significant theoretical value and engineering application significance.

[0017] 3. The support of this invention establishes a stable guiding constraint relationship by setting T-shaped strips in the movable guide block and forming a sliding fit with the T-shaped groove inside the tensile guide block. This design not only ensures precise and controllable movement path during longitudinal bridge displacement, but also effectively disperses local stress concentration under seismic loads, avoiding support failure due to nonlinear displacement. Essentially, it achieves adaptive structural guidance through geometric interlocking, overcoming the limitations of traditional rubber bearings that rely on friction or flexible deformation for guidance.

[0018] 4. The support of the present invention adds limiting blocks and limiting bolts at both ends of the T-shaped strip of the movable guide block, so that the movable guide block has a redundant limiting protection mechanism during the sliding process. This design ensures that the sliding stroke is controlled, avoiding excessive displacement or complete detachment of the movable guide block under extreme seismic action, thereby maintaining the integrity and reliability of the support system. This multiple limiting measure not only enhances the impact resistance of the device, but also realizes dynamic control of the "sliding-limiting" dual-mode response, improving the safety redundancy of seismic isolation.

[0019] 5. In this invention, the tensile guide block is further designed as a composite structure of transverse and longitudinal groove segments. Combined with the protrusion of the movable guide block's T-shaped block fitting into the T-shaped groove of the support plate, a bidirectional geometric constraint system is formed. This innovation enables the tensile guide block to provide sliding guidance in the longitudinal direction of the bridge while also possessing constraint and mechanical transmission functions in the lateral direction, establishing a more complete three-dimensional mechanical transmission path. Its advantage lies in simultaneously meeting the multi-objective requirements of tensile strength, anti-overturning, and energy dissipation, realizing a structural upgrade of the support system from two-dimensional guidance to three-dimensional coupled constraint.

[0020] 6. In the method of the present invention, when a bridge is about to overturn due to external load, the T-shaped grooves provided on the upper and lower support plates cooperate with the T-shaped blocks on the upper part of the movable guide block, and the T-shaped strips on the lower part of the movable guide block cooperate with the T-shaped grooves of the tensile guide block, together forming a vertical rigid connection. This connection structure can restrict the rotation of the upper support plate around the horizontal axis, thereby resisting the overturning moment through overall force, effectively preventing the overturning of the beam and the occurrence of beam collapse accidents.

[0021] 7. In the method of this invention, when the beam tends to detach due to uneven stress, the T-shaped strip at the bottom of the movable guide block cooperates with the T-shaped groove of the tensile guide block, and the T-shaped grooves on the upper and lower support plates cooperate with the T-shaped block at the top of the movable guide block. This forms a reliable vertical limiting and tensile system through a vertical rigid connection structure. This system can withstand the vertical tensile force generated when the beam detaches, limiting the vertical relative displacement between the beam and the support, thereby effectively preventing beam collapse accidents caused by detachment. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-overturning, tensile, and seismic isolation rubber bearing in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the anti-overturning, tensile, and seismic isolation rubber bearing in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the active guide block in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the T-groove of the support plate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tensile guide block in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram simulating the lateral displacement of a beam in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram simulating the longitudinal displacement of the beam in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the anti-overturning measures during a simulated bridge overturning scenario in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 This is an example of simulating vertical restraint when the beam is detached from the ground, as shown in this embodiment of the invention.

[0023] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically: 1-upper support plate, 2-anchor, 3-rubber support base, 4-lower support plate, 5-limiting block, 6-limiting block bolt, 7-movable guide block, 8-tensile guide block, 9-movable guide block T-shaped block, 10-support plate T-slot, 11-movable guide block T-strip, 12-tensile guide block T-slot, 13-protrusion, 14-transverse groove segment, 15-longitudinal groove segment. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0025] 1. For example Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an anti-overturning, tensile-resistant, and seismic-isolation rubber bearing, including an upper support mechanism, a lower support mechanism, and a tensile-resistant seismic isolation mechanism disposed between the upper and lower support mechanisms. The upper support mechanism includes an upper support plate 1, and the lower support mechanism includes a lower support plate 4. Both the upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 4 are provided with T-shaped grooves 10. The tensile-resistant seismic isolation mechanism includes a rubber bearing base 3, tensile-resistant guide blocks 8 and movable guide blocks 7 respectively disposed at both ends of the rubber bearing base 3. The tensile-resistant guide blocks 8 have internal sliding grooves, and one side of the movable guide block 7 is inserted into the sliding groove, while the other side is inserted into the T-shaped groove 10 of the support plate, forming a sliding fit. When an earthquake occurs, causing bridge-direction displacement of the beam, the intermediate rubber bearing base 3 undergoes shear deformation. Utilizing the elastic deformation characteristics of the rubber material, it absorbs and dissipates seismic energy, reducing the impact of the earthquake on the beam and substructure. Meanwhile, its own vertical bearing capacity ensures the stability of the beam's vertical support. In conjunction with other components, it maintains the vertical stiffness of the support during bridge-direction displacement, preventing structural failure due to vertical instability. Furthermore, during this process, when the beam undergoes bridge-direction displacement, the movable guide block 7 and the tensile guide block 8 form a sliding fit. On one hand, through the interlocking of the T-shaped component with each matching groove, it provides precise guidance for longitudinal bridge-direction displacement, ensuring the controllable displacement path of the support system. On the other hand, relying on its own structural stiffness, it transmits longitudinal bridge-direction loads, transferring the displacement and load of the upper support plate 1 to the tensile guide block 8 and the lower support plate 4, becoming a key "bridge" component for the transmission of longitudinal bridge-direction forces and displacements, preventing component detachment and maintaining the integrity of the seismic isolation system. This invention proposes a high-performance seismic isolation bearing system that combines tensile strength and anti-overturning function. By introducing a multi-interlocking guiding mechanism consisting of tensile guide blocks, movable guide blocks, and T-slots, it achieves precise guidance and energy dissipation control under longitudinal and transverse bridge displacements. This overcomes the problems of traditional rubber bearings being prone to detachment under strong earthquakes and having insufficient tensile strength, as well as the tendency for steel bridges to experience bearing detachment and negative reaction forces under the most unfavorable live load (vehicle load), especially for curved steel beams, which often suffer from insufficient anti-overturning stability. This design not only ensures effective dissipation of seismic energy and mitigation of structural response but also establishes a continuous and reliable mechanical transmission path between the upper and lower structures, improving the overall stability and safety redundancy of the seismic isolation device at the system level. It has significant theoretical value and engineering application significance.

[0026] like Figure 3As shown, the movable guide block 7 includes a movable guide block T-shaped block 9 and a movable guide block T-shaped strip 11. The movable guide block T-shaped strip 11 serves as the basic load-bearing structure of the movable guide block, with the movable guide block T-shaped block 9 arranged along its length. The upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 4 are respectively provided with support plate T-shaped grooves 10, which can accommodate the movable guide block T-shaped block 9, allowing the movable guide block T-shaped block 9 to slide horizontally within the support plate T-shaped grooves 10. The movable guide block T-shaped strip 11 is adapted to correspond with the T-shaped groove 12 opened on the tensile guide block 8, forming a sliding fit structure. This invention establishes a rigidly constrained sliding fit relationship by setting T-shaped strips on the movable guide block and forming a geometric fit with the groove of the tensile guide block. It utilizes the contact interface between the groove wall and the strip to provide forced guidance for the motion path, decomposing the complex displacement of the beam into controllable longitudinal and transverse bridge sliding, thereby avoiding the uncertainty and instability risk brought about by the traditional rubber bearing relying on flexible deformation or frictional guidance. Specifically, the T-shaped block 9 provides transverse guidance within the T-shaped groove 10 of the bearing plate, ensuring precise control of the displacement path. Meanwhile, the T-shaped strip 11 provides longitudinal guidance within the T-shaped groove 12 of the tensile guide block, maintaining the integrity of the vertical load transfer chain. These two elements form an orthogonal cooperation, constructing a two-way guidance system that allows the complex coupled displacement of the beam under strong earthquakes to still be transmitted along a preset trajectory. Simultaneously, this design disperses local stress concentrations during load transfer through the interlocking contact between the guide block and the groove, preventing failure due to nonlinear offset or large rubber deformation. Under tension conditions, it forms a tensile force transmission chain, resisting pull-out and improving anti-overturning capability. Therefore, this invention, at the structural level, breaks through the limitations of traditional rubber bearings that rely solely on friction constraints or flexible recovery guidance. Through geometric interlocking, it achieves adaptive guidance and stable force transmission, ensuring precise control of the displacement path under seismic loads while significantly enhancing the tensile performance and anti-overturning capability of the bearing system, thus improving the overall safety and reliability of the bridge under strong earthquake conditions.

[0027] like Figure 4As shown, the upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 4 include regularly arranged T-shaped grooves 10 along their length, forming a connecting feature. The grooves are arranged sequentially along the plate body, with protrusions 13 formed from the plate material separating adjacent grooves. The space between two adjacent protrusions forms a cavity area within the groove, together with the protrusions 13, forming a T-shaped groove connection structure. The T-shaped groove protrusions 13 and the groove cavity together form a connection interface for the movable guide block 7, which can be used to achieve the fitting of the upper support plate 1, the lower support plate 4, and the movable guide block 7. The T-shaped grooves 10 of the support plate and the movable guide block T-shaped block 9 on the upper part of the movable guide block 7 form a sliding fit structure. Through the cooperation of the movable guide block T-shaped block 9 and the support plate T-shaped groove 10, and the cooperation of the movable guide block T-shaped strip 11 and the tensile guide block T-shaped groove 12, a vertical rigid connection structure from the upper support plate 1 to the lower support plate 4 is formed, which can stably transmit vertical loads and also ensure stable horizontal load transmission. The movable guide block 7 consists of a movable guide block T-shaped strip 11 and a movable guide block T-shaped block 9. The movable guide block T-shaped block 9 can slide laterally within the T-shaped groove 10 of the support plate, while the movable guide block T-shaped strip 11 forms a longitudinal sliding fit with the tensile guide block T-shaped groove 12 of the tensile guide block 8. This establishes an orthogonal guiding relationship between the transverse and longitudinal directions of the bridge, realizing controlled motion and mechanical transmission under multi-directional displacement. In this system, the vertical load is continuously transmitted through the upper support plate 1—movable guide block 7—tensile guide block 8—lower support plate 4, forming a rigid and stable vertical mechanical chain. At the same time, both transverse and longitudinal displacements are forcibly constrained by the geometric groove walls, avoiding the random displacement and instability caused by the reliance on friction or flexible deformation in traditional rubber bearings. Based on this, to prevent excessive displacement or complete detachment of the movable guide block 7 under strong earthquakes or extreme loads, limit blocks 5 are provided on both sides of the T-groove 10 of the support plate and at both ends of the T-strip 11 of the movable guide block. These limit blocks are fixedly connected to the upper support plate 1, the lower support plate 4, and the tensile guide block 8 by limit bolts 6. When the movable guide block slides to its limit position, the limit block will immediately generate rigid constraint, forming end protection, thus constructing a "slippage-limiting" dual-modal response mechanism. Therefore, this invention relies on the rubber matrix and slippage to achieve energy dissipation and guidance during small and medium earthquakes, while providing redundant rigid protection through the limit device during large earthquakes. This achieves an organic combination of flexible energy dissipation and rigid impact resistance, significantly improving the stability and reliability of the support system. This design not only ensures precise control of the displacement path and continuity of vertical load transfer, but also prevents the support components from detaching or failing under extreme conditions, effectively disperses local stress concentration, and extends service life. This comprehensively improves the seismic isolation performance, tensile strength, and anti-overturning capacity of the support, providing a reliable guarantee for the safe operation of the bridge under strong earthquake conditions.

[0028] like Figure 5As shown, the tensile guide block 8 adopts a composite structure design, mainly comprising two parts: a transverse groove section 14 and a longitudinal groove section 15. The transverse groove section 14 provides a space for accommodating and limiting the head component of the movable guide block T-shaped strip 11. Its internal shape is precisely designed to match the cross-section of the T-shaped strip head, ensuring stable insertion and directional sliding within the groove. The longitudinal groove section 15 acts as a connecting channel, with one end connected to the surface of the tensile guide block 8 and the other end penetrating the transverse groove section 14, forming a channel for external entry into the transverse groove section. This allows the rod of the movable guide block T-shaped strip 11 to pass through the guide block surface and directly embed into the transverse groove section 14. Through this combination of transverse and longitudinal T-grooves 12, the movable guide block T-shaped strip 11 and the tensile guide block 8 form a reliable mating relationship, thereby achieving stable mechanical connection and tensile guiding function under tension conditions. In this structure, the transverse groove segment 14 and the longitudinal groove segment 15 are not independent but cooperate to form a composite geometric relationship of "L-shaped channel - T-shaped interlocking". The rod of the movable guide block T-shaped strip 11 enters the transverse groove segment 14 through the longitudinal groove segment 15 and is firmly restricted within a predetermined trajectory range under the geometric constraints of the groove wall, thereby realizing controlled upward sliding of the longitudinal bridge. When external loads cause vertical lifting or tension, the transverse groove segment 14 ensures the stability of mechanical transmission by supporting and limiting the head of the T-shaped strip, so that the tensile guide block 8 can reliably bear the tension transmitted by the movable guide block 7 and distribute it to the upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 4. This design is in principle equivalent to the interlocking relationship of "locking groove - locking block", using geometric constraints instead of traditional friction constraints, significantly enhancing the stability of the connection and the mechanical transmission capability. Furthermore, the cooperation between the tensile guide block 8 and the movable guide block T-shaped strip 11 not only establishes a tensile and guiding mechanism in the longitudinal direction, but also, combined with the interlocking relationship of the movable guide block T-shaped block 9 in the T-shaped groove 10 of the support plate, forms a bidirectional geometric constraint system. In other words, the movable guide block 7 is guided in the longitudinal direction through the T-shaped strip 11 and the T-shaped groove 12 of the tensile guide block 8, while in the transverse direction, it achieves controlled movement through the sliding cooperation between the T-shaped block 9 and the T-shaped groove 10 of the support plate. The two are orthogonally coordinated, giving the support system complete three-dimensional force transmission and guiding functions. This three-dimensional constraint path ensures that regardless of longitudinal, transverse, or vertical tensile forces generated by the beam under seismic action, they can be transmitted to the substructure through the geometric interlocking system, forming a stable, continuous, and controllable mechanical chain. The advantages of this composite groove design are significant. First, it solves the problem of insufficient tensile performance of traditional rubber bearings under tension conditions. Since the transverse groove 14 can directly bear the tension of the head of the movable guide block T-shaped strip 11, and the longitudinal groove 15 ensures that the rod will not shift or derail under stress, the tensile guide block 8 establishes a stable tensile path, effectively avoiding the risk of the support failing due to vertical voiding.Secondly, the composite structure provides guidance in both the longitudinal and transverse directions, allowing complex beam displacements to be decomposed and guided along a predetermined trajectory, thus avoiding random shifts and structural instability under seismic loads. Thirdly, the geometric constraints of the composite channel segment disperse local stress concentrations during force transmission. Through the combined action of multi-point and surface contact, the load is evenly transferred between the channel wall and the protrusions, thereby improving the durability and service life of the supports.

[0029] In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for applying anti-overturning rubber bearings during transverse displacement of an earthquake bridge is provided, which includes the following scenarios: Example 1: When an earthquake occurs, the bridge beam may undergo complex displacements in the longitudinal, transverse, and vertical directions. To ensure that the bridge maintains its seismic isolation, tensile strength, and stability under strong earthquakes, this method relies on the synergistic effect between the rubber bearing base 3, movable guide block 7, tensile guide block 8, and upper and lower bearing plates 1 and 4 to achieve a dynamic balance between energy dissipation and mechanical transfer.

[0030] First, the rubber bearing base 3, as the main seismic isolation unit, adopts a multi-layer rubber and steel plate composite structure, possessing high horizontal flexibility and vertical bearing capacity. When an earthquake induces beam displacement, the rubber bearing base 3 provides the necessary horizontal stiffness to extend the structural period through its own material elasticity and damping properties, and absorbs seismic energy through shear deformation, thereby reducing the seismic response input to the piers and abutments. Second, the movable guide block T-shaped block 9 in the movable guide block 7 is embedded in the support plate T-groove 10 on the upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 4, and undergoes directional sliding motion along it. When the beam displaces in the transverse direction, the movement trajectory of the T-shaped block 9 within the T-groove 10 is effectively limited, forming precise guidance and preventing the movable guide block 7 from shifting or rotating due to asymmetrical loads, thus ensuring the stability and controllability of the displacement path. Finally, the movable guide block T-shaped strip 11 within the movable guide block 7 forms a sliding fit with the tensile guide block T-groove 12 inside the tensile guide block 8. This combination not only maintains vertical mechanical continuity between the upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 4, but also ensures the integrity of the vertical load transfer path under strong earthquakes, avoiding the risk of support pull-out due to local voids. Simultaneously, the geometric groove constraint characteristics of the tensile guide block 8 provide resistance to vertical tensile forces, ensuring the integrity of the overall system under vertical and horizontal coupling. In summary, this embodiment, through a multiple mechanism of "energy dissipation by the rubber support base 3—lateral guidance by the movable guide block T-shaped block 9—vertical connection between the movable guide block T-shaped strip 11 and the tensile guide block T-shaped groove 12," ensures the overall stability of the seismic isolation system under strong earthquakes, significantly improving the seismic resistance and anti-overturning performance of the bridge structure.

[0031] Example 2 When a bridge is about to overturn due to external loads, the coordinated work of the rubber bearing base 3, movable guide block 7, tensile guide block 8, upper bearing plate 1, lower bearing plate 4, limiting block 5, and limiting bolt 6 prevents the bridge from overturning.

[0032] First, when the bridge tends to overturn due to lateral seismic forces, vehicle eccentric loading, or wind loads, the movable guide block 7 first undergoes controlled displacement along the T-slot 10 of the support plate. This process is geometrically constrained by the T-slot 10, avoiding disordered movement under irregular external forces. Second, the movable guide block 7, relying on its T-strip 11, forms a sliding fit with the T-slot 12 of the tensile guide block 8. The support system can transfer the horizontal and vertical components of the beam to the lower support plate 4 and provide tensile protection during movement, preventing the movable guide block 7 from detaching from the system under strong earthquake impact. Finally, the tensile guide block 8 applies constraints to the movable guide block 7 through the T-slot 12, forming a horizontal reaction couple. This reaction couple counteracts the overturning moment, effectively offsetting the adverse effects of unbalanced loads on the beam and maintaining the stability of the beam and support system. This reaction couple mechanism is a key innovation that distinguishes this invention from traditional rubber bearings, realizing a "sliding-reaction couple-anti-overturning" response mode. The rubber bearing base 3 bears the vertical load and absorbs seismic energy through its high damping performance, reducing vertical impact. The lower bearing plate 4 transmits the reaction force to the abutment. The limiting block 5 and bolt 6 constrain the movable guide block 7 to prevent it from exceeding its displacement limit or coming off, further improving the safety redundancy of the device. In the event that the bridge is about to overturn due to external load, the T-shaped grooves on the upper and lower bearing plates of this invention cooperate with the T-shaped blocks on the upper part of the movable guide block, and the T-shaped strips on the lower part of the movable guide block cooperate with the T-shaped grooves of the tensile guide block, forming a vertically rigid connection. This connection structure can restrict the rotation of the upper bearing plate around the horizontal axis, thereby resisting the overturning moment through overall force, effectively preventing the beam from overturning and falling.

[0033] Example 3 When the bridge tends to derail, the overall coordination of the rubber bearing base 3, movable guide block 7, tensile guide block 8, upper bearing plate 1, lower bearing plate 4, bearing plate T-slot 10, limiting block 5 and bolt 6 is used to prevent derailment.

[0034] First, when the beam is partially lifted or unevenly supported, the upper support plate 1 first bears the reaction force of the void and guides the movable guide block 7 to generate displacement through the T-slot 10 of the support plate, thereby ensuring that the reaction force is effectively captured and introduced into the support system; second, the movable guide block 7 relies on its T-strip 11 to cooperate with the T-slot 12 of the tensile guide block 8, and at the same time forms a stable sliding channel with the upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 4, so that the force and displacement are continuously transmitted and local discontinuities are avoided; then, the tensile guide block 8 constrains the movable guide block 7 through the T-slot 12 to form tensile strength. Unlike traditional rubber bearings, which are prone to failure under tension, this embodiment establishes a tensile force transmission chain to effectively resist the tensile force of beam detachment. The rubber bearing base 3 not only provides vertical load-bearing capacity but also absorbs the impact of beam fall through its high damping characteristics, preventing secondary damage and mitigating the vertical impact after detachment. Finally, the lower support plate 4 transmits the reaction force to the bearing platform, and the limiting block 5 and bolt 6 constrain the displacement of the movable guide block 7, ensuring its controllability under repeated tension and compression during strong earthquakes and maintaining overall stability. In this invention, when the beam tends to detach due to uneven stress, the T-shaped strip at the bottom of the movable guide block cooperates with the T-shaped groove of the tensile guide block, and the T-shaped grooves on the upper and lower support plates cooperate with the T-shaped block at the top of the movable guide block, forming a reliable vertical limiting and tensile system through a vertical rigid connection structure. This system can withstand the vertical tensile force generated when the beam detaches, limiting the vertical relative displacement between the beam and the support, thereby effectively preventing beam fall accidents caused by detachment.

[0035] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A type of anti-overturning, tensile-resistant, and seismic-isolation rubber bearing, characterized in that, It includes an upper support mechanism, a lower support mechanism, and a tensile isolation mechanism located between the upper and lower support mechanisms; among which, The upper support mechanism includes an upper support plate (1), and the lower support mechanism includes a lower support plate (4). The upper support plate (1) and the lower support plate (4) are respectively provided with support plate T-slots (10). The tensile isolation mechanism includes a rubber bearing base (3) for absorbing and dissipating seismic energy and reducing the impact of seismic action on the beam and substructure when the beam is displaced in the longitudinal direction. Tensile guide blocks (8) and movable guide blocks (7) are respectively provided at both ends of the rubber bearing base (3). The tensile guide block (8) has a groove inside. One side of the movable guide block (7) is inserted into the groove, and the other side is inserted into the T-shaped groove (10) of the bearing plate. When the beam is displaced in the longitudinal direction, the movable guide block (7) and the tensile guide block (8) form a sliding fit. The T-shaped component and the fitting groove provide precise guidance for the longitudinal displacement. At the same time, the displacement and load of the upper bearing plate (1) are transferred to the tensile guide block (8) and the lower bearing plate (4), which become the key "bridge" component for the transmission of longitudinal force and displacement, preventing the components from separating and maintaining the integrity of the isolation system.

2. The anti-overturning, tensile, and seismic isolation rubber bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable guide block (7) includes a movable guide block T-shaped strip (11) that slides with the tensile guide block (8).

3. The anti-overturning, tensile, and seismic isolation rubber bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The movable guide block (7) includes a limiting block (5) and a limiting block bolt (6) located at both ends of the movable guide block T-shaped strip (11) for limiting horizontal sliding displacement.

4. The anti-overturning, tensile, and seismic isolation rubber bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tensile guide block (8) includes a tensile guide block T-groove (12) that cooperates with the movable guide block T-shaped strip (11).

5. The anti-overturning, tensile, and seismic isolation rubber bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The movable guide block (7) includes a movable guide block T-shaped block (9) that fits into the T-shaped groove (10) of the support plate and slides along it.

6. The anti-overturning, tensile, and seismic isolation rubber bearing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The movable guide block T-shaped block (9) includes a protrusion (13).

7. A rubber bearing for preventing overturning and resisting tensile seismic isolation according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, The tensile guide block (8) includes a transverse groove (14) and a longitudinal groove (15) that match the movable guide block T-shaped strip (11).

8. A method for applying an anti-overturning, tensile, and seismic isolation rubber bearing as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, When an earthquake causes arbitrary displacement of the beam, including: S110: The rubber bearing matrix (3) itself provides horizontal stiffness to achieve seismic isolation function; S120: The movable guide block T-shaped block (9) slides transversely along the T-shaped groove (10) of the support plate; S130: The movable guide block T-shaped strip (11) and the tensile guide block T-shaped groove (12) cooperate to make relative directional sliding and remain stable, ensuring the vertical connection from the upper support plate (1) to the lower support plate (4), and the vertical load transfer path is always continuous.

9. The application method of the anti-overturning, tensile, and seismic isolation rubber bearing according to claim 8, characterized in that, When a bridge is about to overturn due to external loads, including: S210: The movable guide block (7) moves along the T-slot (10) of the support plate; S220: The movable guide block (7) relies on the T-shaped component tensile guide block (8) for sliding fit; S230: The tensile guide block (8) uses the T-groove (12) of the tensile guide block to constrain the movable guide block (7) and form a horizontal reaction couple to resist the overturning moment; S240: The rubber bearing base (3) provides vertical load bearing and energy dissipation, and maintains vertical stability; S250: The lower support plate (4) transmits the reaction force, and the limiting block (5) and bolt (6) ensure that the displacement of each component is controllable.

10. The application method of the anti-overturning, tensile, and seismic isolation rubber bearing according to claim 9, characterized in that, When a bridge begins to show signs of detachment, including: S310: The upper support plate (1) receives the reaction force of the void and guides the displacement of the movable guide block (7) through the T-groove (10) of the support plate; S320: The movable guide block (7) relies on the sliding fit between the T-shaped component and the upper and lower support plates and the tensile guide block (8) to transmit force and displacement; S330: The T-groove (12) of the tensile guide block constrains the movable guide block (7) to resist the pull force of the loosening block; S340: The rubber bearing base (3) provides vertical load bearing and energy dissipation, maintaining overall stability; S350: The lower support plate (4) transmits the reaction force to the foundation, and the limiting block (5) and bolt (6) ensure that the displacement of each component is controllable, and each component works together to resist the tendency of the beam to detach.

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