Combined stiffening self-repairing ecological inverted filter box type building block retaining wall and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a combined stiffening self-repairing ecological inverted filter box type building block retaining wall and a construction method, and relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering. A building block body is arranged at the top of a bottom plate, a geogrid is arranged on the side, close to a slope protection, of the building block body, a planting layer is arranged in a planting bin, a rainwater collecting bin is arranged below the planting bin, and a driving part comprises a cam; one end of the second transmission rod is eccentrically hinged to the cam, the other end of the second transmission rod is hinged to a sliding block, one end of the first transmission rod is hinged to the sliding block, the other end of the first transmission rod is hinged to the bottom end of the soil loosening rod, and the top end of the soil loosening rod penetrates through the through hole and then extends into the planting layer. A rectangular groove communicated with the rainwater collecting bin is formed in the side, close to the slope protection, of the building block body, and an inverted filter layer is arranged in the rectangular groove. The construction difficulty can be reduced, the construction period can be shortened, environmental pollution can be reduced, the surrounding environment can be beautified, and the slope ecology can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and more specifically, to a combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box type masonry retaining wall and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of urban infrastructure, large-scale construction of infrastructure such as water conservancy and municipal roads has been carried out. Due to changes in topography, deep excavation and high filling are very common in road construction, resulting in a large number of artificial slopes or secondary slopes. To ensure the stability of these slopes, retaining walls have become the most common structure along roads.

[0003] Currently, cast-in-place concrete retaining walls are commonly used in slope engineering, but they have the following drawbacks: 1. Cast-in-place concrete structures have high requirements for construction sites, and the concrete pouring period is long, the project cost is high, and they are easily affected by the weather, making it difficult to meet the needs of rapid progress in modern engineering; 2. There is a lot of environmental pollution, as on-site concrete mixing generates dust and noise pollution, and the accumulation of construction waste will also damage the surrounding environment; 3. The ecological effect is poor, as the lack of permeability and green space will exacerbate soil erosion on slopes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box type masonry retaining wall and its construction method. The prefabricated structure not only reduces construction difficulty and shortens the construction period, but also reduces environmental pollution, beautifies the surrounding environment, and improves the slope ecology.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box-type masonry retaining wall, which is formed by stacking two or more assembly units along the slope direction to form a stepped structure. Each assembly unit includes a base plate, a block body, a pressure plate, and a geogrid. The block body is mounted on top of the base plate, and the geogrid is mounted on the side of the block body closest to the slope. One end of the geogrid is fixed to the base plate via the pressure plate. A planting chamber is provided on the block body, containing a planting layer. A through hole is provided at the bottom of the planting chamber, and a rainwater collection chamber communicating with the through hole is located below the planting chamber. The soil loosening mechanism includes a loosening rod, a loosening block, and a first transmission mechanism. The system comprises a moving rod, a slider, a guide rod, a second transmission rod, and a drive unit. The drive unit is located inside the rainwater collection chamber and includes a cam. One end of the second transmission rod is eccentrically hinged to the cam, and the other end of the second transmission rod is hinged to the slider. The guide rod is fixed to the inner wall of the rainwater collection chamber, and the slider is slidably connected to the guide rod. One end of the first transmission rod is hinged to the slider, and the other end of the first transmission rod is hinged to the bottom end of the loosening rod. The top end of the loosening rod passes through a through hole and extends into the planting layer. Loosening blocks are provided on the loosening rod. A rectangular groove communicating with the rainwater collection chamber is provided on the side of the block body near the slope protection, and a filter layer is provided in the rectangular groove.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the filter layer comprises a coarse sand layer, a medium sand layer, and a fine sand layer arranged sequentially.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drive unit further includes a first rotating shaft, a driven ratchet, a driving ratchet, a transmission belt, a slide bar, and a float plate. The float plate is disposed inside the rainwater collection chamber. The transmission belt is inclinedly disposed on the inner wall of the rainwater collection chamber. A slide bar is disposed on the transmission belt and is slidably connected to a groove on the float plate. A driving ratchet is coaxially fixed on one of the rollers of the transmission belt. The first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rainwater collection chamber. A driven ratchet and the cam are fixed on the first rotating shaft, and the driving ratchet and the driven ratchet mesh with each other.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a drainage hole is coaxially provided at the center of the loosening rod, and a receiving groove is provided on the side wall of the loosening rod. A water-absorbing cotton strip is provided in the receiving groove, and the bottom end of the water-absorbing cotton strip is connected to the floating plate.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an elastic bladder is provided on the top of the rainwater collection chamber, the slider abuts against the elastic bladder, an exhaust port is provided on the top of the elastic bladder, and the free end of the exhaust port extends into the planting chamber, an air inlet is provided at the bottom of the elastic bladder, and a one-way valve is provided in both the air inlet and the exhaust port.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a drain outlet is provided at the bottom of one side of the rainwater collection chamber, and a spherical piston is connected to the floating plate by a rope.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a conical funnel is also embedded in the planting layer, and the top surface of the conical funnel is flush with the top surface of the planting layer, and the top of the loosening rod is inserted into the bottom outlet of the conical funnel.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both the rainwater collection chamber and the planting chamber are provided with a reinforcing frame.

[0013] This invention also provides a construction method for a combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box-type masonry retaining wall, comprising the following steps: S1. Precast the base slab, block body and pressure plate, and transport the precast components to the construction site; S2. Use a total station to locate the retaining wall axis on the slope, lay out according to the design slope, mechanically excavate the foundation trench to the design elevation and reserve a 20cm manual trimming layer, lay a 20cm thick graded crushed stone cushion layer on the base and compact it with a plate tamper, and at the same time use C30 concrete to pour a strip foundation on the base. S3. First, accurately lay out the lines along the strip foundation, use a total station to locate the axis of the base plate, and manually and with the help of a crane, place the base plate flat on the strip foundation and install and fix it. Then, install the block body onto the base plate, and then lay graded crushed stone on the base until it is flush with the top surface of the base plate. Lay the geogrid on the graded crushed stone cushion layer, and press one end of the geogrid onto the base plate with a pressure plate to obtain the first step. S4. Based on the first layer of stairs, repeat step S3 to construct the second layer of stairs, and so on, until the construction of the entire retaining wall is completed.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, after the geogrid is initially fixed, a layer of sand is first laid on top of the geogrid, and then the other end of the geogrid is tensioned and fixed with U-shaped nails.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention proposes a combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box-type masonry retaining wall and its construction method. Utilizing a prefabricated structure, it not only reduces construction difficulty and shortens the construction period but also minimizes environmental pollution, beautifies the surrounding environment, and improves slope ecology. During rainy weather, rainwater wets the soil in the planting layer. Simultaneously, a soil loosening mechanism automatically loosens the soil within the planting layer to prevent compaction. During this loosening process, a slider repeatedly compresses the elastic bladder, injecting air into the soil to increase its oxygen content. Rainwater collected above the planting layer is drained into a rainwater collection chamber through drainage holes, preventing the formation of a liquid seal above the planting layer that could impede soil respiration. In dry weather, absorbent strips absorb rainwater from the collection chamber and transfer it into the soil within the planting layer to maintain soil moisture. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box-type masonry retaining wall provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the first step of the block retaining wall; Figure 3 It is a sectional view of the block body; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the floating plate structure; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a soil loosening rod; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter layer.

[0018] 1. Slope protection; 2. Base slab; 3. Block body; 31. Planting chamber; 32. Through hole; 33. Rainwater collection chamber; 34. Rectangular trench; 35. Filter layer; 351. Coarse sand and gravel layer; 352. Medium sand and gravel layer; 353. Fine sand and gravel layer; 36. Drainage outlet; 37. Spherical piston; 38. Rope; 4. Pressure plate; 5. Geogrid; 6. Planting layer; 7. Soil loosening mechanism; 701. Soil loosening rod; 702. Soil loosening block; 703. 704. First transmission rod; 705. Slider; 706. Guide rod; 707. Second transmission rod; 708. Cam; 709. First rotating shaft; 700. Driven ratchet; 710. Driving ratchet; 711. Transmission belt; 712. Slide rod; 713. Float; 714. Drain hole; 715. Receiving groove; 716. Absorbent cotton strip; 717. Conical funnel; 718. Elastic bladder; 719. Exhaust port; 720. Air inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0021] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0022] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0024] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0025] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the embodiment provides a combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box type masonry retaining wall, which is formed by stacking two or more assembly units along the slope of the slope 1 to form a stepped structure. The assembly unit includes a base plate 2, a block body 3, a pressure plate 4, and a geogrid 5. The block body 3 is provided on the top of the base plate 2, and the geogrid 5 is provided on the side of the block body 3 near the slope 1. One end of the geogrid 5 is fixed to the base plate 2 by the pressure plate 4. A planting chamber 31 is provided on the block body 3, and a planting layer 6 is provided inside the planting chamber 31. A through hole 32 is provided at the bottom of the planting chamber 31, and a rainwater collection chamber 33 communicating with the through hole 32 is provided below the planting chamber 31. The soil loosening mechanism 7 includes a soil loosening rod 701, a soil loosening block 702, a first transmission rod 703, a slider 704, and a guide rod 705. 5. The second transmission rod 706 and the drive unit are located inside the rainwater collection chamber 33. The drive unit includes a cam 707. One end of the second transmission rod 706 is eccentrically hinged to the cam 707, and the other end of the second transmission rod 706 is hinged to a slider 704. The guide rod 705 is fixed to the inner wall of the rainwater collection chamber 33, and the slider 704 is slidably connected to the guide rod 705. One end of the first transmission rod 703 is hinged to the slider 704, and the other end of the first transmission rod 703 is hinged to the bottom end of the loosening rod 701. The top end of the loosening rod 701 passes through the through hole 32 and extends into the planting layer 6. A loosening block 702 is provided on the loosening rod 701. A rectangular groove 34 communicating with the rainwater collection chamber 33 is provided on the side of the block body 3 near the slope protection 1. A filter layer 35 is provided in the rectangular groove 34.

[0026] In this embodiment, the block retaining wall is a stepped structure. Each step is assembled from several assembly units arranged along the length of the retaining wall. The assembly units of adjacent steps are staggered. Since the block retaining wall adopts an assembly structure and the assembly units can be prefabricated in the factory and transported to the construction site during construction, it helps to reduce construction difficulty and improve construction efficiency. The base plate 2 is either type A or type B. Type A base plate includes a plate body with two upper raised edges at the top, forming a groove between them. Type B base plate includes a plate body with two upper raised edges at the top, forming a groove between them. A lower raised edge is located at the bottom of the plate body away from the slope protection 1. During the construction of the block retaining wall, the assembly unit at the lowest step uses type A base plate, while the assembly units at the second and upper steps use type B base plate. The top and bottom of the block body 3 are provided with slots; the slot at the bottom can engage with one of the upper raised edges of the base plate 2. The base plate 2 and the block body 3 are connected by a mortise and tenon joint to form a two-way mortise and tenon interlocking structure, thereby achieving a fixed connection. The slot at the top can engage with the lower protruding edge of the base plate 2 above, and the width of the lower protruding edge should be less than the width of the slot to ensure that the top opening of the planting chamber 31 is not closed. The geogrid 5 is arranged horizontally and buried in the graded crushed stone cushion layer on the slope 1, which helps to improve the ability of the block retaining wall to resist the slippage of the soil layer of the slope 1. The pressure plate 4 can be engaged in the groove of the base plate 2, thereby pressing one end of the geogrid 5 into the groove for fixation, and the top surface of the pressure plate 4 is flush with the top surface of the upper protruding edge. Green plants are planted in the planting chamber 31 located on top of the block body 3, giving the block retaining wall an ecological function. The planting layer 6 includes an upper crushed stone layer and a lower nutrient soil layer. The crushed stone layer can prevent the soil from being washed away by rainwater, and the nutrient soil layer can provide nutrients for the roots of the green plants to take root and grow. The rainwater collection chamber 33 is designed to collect rainwater for use by the green plants during their growth.Because the soil in planting layer 6 tends to compact after prolonged use, affecting the normal growth of plants, a soil loosening mechanism 7 is installed to loosen the soil in planting layer 6 during rain to prevent soil compaction. This mechanism includes two or more loosening rods 701, which are vertically slidably connected to the through holes 32. Each loosening rod 701 has two or more loosening blocks 702. As the loosening rods 701 move up and down, they can simultaneously move the loosening blocks 702 up and down to loosen the soil. The mechanism also includes a first transmission rod 703, a guide rod 705, and a second transmission rod. All rods 706 are straight rods. A guide rod 705 is horizontally positioned above the rainwater collection chamber 33. The slider 704 can slide left and right along the guide rod 705. During sliding, the slider 704 can drive the loosening rod 701 to move up and down via the transmission action of the first transmission rod 703. A drive unit provides driving force for the up-and-down movement of the loosening rod 701, ensuring the loosening mechanism 7 works normally and achieves the loosening effect. A cam 707 is located on one side of the slider 704. When the cam 707 rotates, it drives the slider 704 to move back and forth left and right via the transmission action of the second transmission rod 706. A rectangular groove 34 is located above and to the side of the rainwater collection chamber 33. Water in the soil layer of the slope 1 can pass through the filter layer 35 and enter the rainwater collection chamber 33 for storage, while the soil is blocked, thereby reducing the water content of the slope 1 soil and preventing soil erosion. Furthermore, all components used in this embodiment are commercially available.

[0027] Specifically, such as Figure 7 As shown, the filter layer 35 includes a coarse sand layer 351, a medium sand layer 352 and a fine sand layer 353 arranged in sequence.

[0028] In this embodiment, the coarse sand and gravel layer 351 is located on the side away from the slope protection 1, and the fine sand and gravel layer 353 is located on the side closer to the slope protection 1. As the particle size of the coarse sand and gravel layer 351, the medium sand and gravel layer 352, and the fine sand and gravel layer 353 decreases sequentially, water can pass through the filter layer 35, while larger soil particles are blocked to prevent soil in the slope protection 1 from being lost with the water flow.

[0029] Specifically, such as Figures 3-4As shown, the drive unit also includes a first rotating shaft 708, a driven ratchet 709, a driving ratchet 710, a transmission belt 711, a slide bar 712, and a float 713. The float 713 is disposed inside the rainwater collection chamber 33. The transmission belt 711 is inclinedly disposed on the inner wall of the rainwater collection chamber 33. The slide bar 712 is disposed on the transmission belt 711, and the slide bar 712 is slidably connected to the slide groove on the float 713. The driving ratchet 710 is coaxially fixed on one of the rollers of the transmission belt 711. The first rotating shaft 708 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rainwater collection chamber 33. The driven ratchet 709 and a cam 707 are fixed on the first rotating shaft 708, and the driving ratchet 710 and the driven ratchet 709 mesh with each other.

[0030] In this embodiment, the first rotating shaft 708 is horizontally arranged, and its central axis is perpendicular to the central axis of the guide rod 705. When the first rotating shaft 708 rotates, it can drive the driven ratchet 709 and the cam 707 to rotate synchronously. The float 713 is preferably made of polyolefin material, which has high buoyancy, high strength, and corrosion resistance. The float 713 is located in the rainwater collection chamber 33. When the water level in the rainwater collection chamber 33 rises, the float 713 will float upwards; conversely, when the water level drops, the float 713 will move downwards under the action of gravity. The transmission belt 711 is arranged at an angle downwards. When the float 713 moves up and down, it can cause the slide rod 712 to move up and down synchronously, thereby driving the transmission belt 711 to rotate. At the same time, the slide rod 712 will also slide along the groove on the float 713. The driving ratchet 710 is located at the higher end of the transmission belt 711. Since the driving ratchet 710 meshes with the driven ratchet 709, when the driving ratchet 710 rotates clockwise, it drives the driven ratchet 709 to rotate synchronously. However, when the driving ratchet 710 rotates counterclockwise, it does not drive the driven ratchet 709 to rotate synchronously. Furthermore, the diameter of the driving ratchet 710 should be larger than the diameter of the driven ratchet 709, so that one rotation of the driving ratchet 710 can drive the driven ratchet 709 to rotate more than two times, thus amplifying the transmission effect and ensuring the loosening effect of the loosening rod 701. In addition, since one end of the sliding rod 712 is inserted into a groove on one side of the float 713, it can provide auxiliary support for the float 713, preventing the float 713 from tilting during its up-and-down movement.

[0031] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, a drainage hole 714 is coaxially opened at the center of the loosening rod 701, and a receiving groove 715 is provided on the side wall of the loosening rod 701. A water-absorbing cotton strip 716 is provided in the receiving groove 715, and the bottom end of the water-absorbing cotton strip 716 is connected to the floating plate 713.

[0032] In this embodiment, the drainage holes 714 allow rainwater above the planting layer 6 to be quickly drained into the rainwater collection chamber 33, preventing rainwater from accumulating in the planting chamber 31 and causing the plant roots to rot. The receiving groove 715 is an arc-shaped groove used to hold the absorbent cotton strips 716, and the soil in the planting layer 6 is in contact with the side of the absorbent cotton strips 716. In sunny weather, the absorbent cotton strips 716 can absorb water from the rainwater collection chamber 33 and transfer it to the planting layer 6, where it is absorbed by the soil for the growth of the plant roots. In addition, when installing the absorbent cotton strips 716, their bottom ends should pass through the floating plate 713 and be flush with the bottom surface of the floating plate 713 to ensure that the absorbent cotton strips 716 can contact the rainwater in the rainwater collection chamber 33.

[0033] Specifically, such as Figures 3-4 As shown, the top of the rainwater collection chamber 33 is also provided with an elastic bladder 718. The slider 704 abuts against the elastic bladder 718. The top of the elastic bladder 718 is provided with an exhaust port 719, and the free end of the exhaust port 719 extends into the planting chamber 31. The bottom of the elastic bladder 718 is provided with an air inlet 720. Both the air inlet 720 and the exhaust port 719 are provided with one-way valves.

[0034] In this embodiment, the elastic bladder 718 is made of elastic rubber material, which can automatically recover after being flattened. When the slider 704 slides left and right, it will repeatedly squeeze the elastic bladder 718, thereby blowing air into the planting layer 6 through the exhaust port 719 to increase the oxygen content of the soil in the planting layer 6. Since both the air inlet 720 and the exhaust port 719 are equipped with one-way valves, the air inlet 720 can only allow air to enter and the exhaust port 719 can only allow air to exit. That is, when the elastic bladder 718 is squeezed, the air inlet 720 will automatically close, and the gas in the elastic bladder 718 will be discharged through the exhaust port 719. Conversely, when the slider 704 stops squeezing the elastic bladder 718, the elastic bladder 718 will automatically recover, and the exhaust port 719 will automatically close. The air in the rainwater collection chamber 33 will then enter the elastic bladder 718 through the air inlet 720.

[0035] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, a drain outlet 36 is also provided at the bottom of one side of the rainwater collection chamber 33, and the spherical piston 37 is connected to the float plate 713 by a rope 38.

[0036] In this embodiment, the drain outlet 36 is located on the side of the block body 3 away from the slope 1, and is used to drain water from the rainwater collection chamber 33. The size of the spherical piston 37 should be larger than the size of the drain outlet 36, so that the spherical piston 37 can block the drain outlet 36. When the float plate 713 rises to a certain height, it will pull up the spherical piston 37 through the rope 38, thereby opening the drain outlet 36. At this time, the rainwater in the rainwater collection chamber 33 can be discharged through the drain outlet 36. Conversely, when the float plate 713 is lower than this height, the spherical piston 37 will sink under the action of gravity and block the drain outlet 36. At this time, the drain outlet 36 will no longer drain water.

[0037] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, a conical funnel 717 is also embedded in the planting layer 6, and the top surface of the conical funnel 717 is flush with the top surface of the planting layer 6. The top of the loosening rod 701 is inserted into the bottom outlet of the conical funnel 717.

[0038] In this embodiment, the conical funnel 717 collects rainwater, which is then drained away through the drainage hole 714, preventing rainwater from accumulating above the planting layer 6 and forming a liquid seal, thus avoiding difficulty in soil respiration. The size of the top of the loosening rod 701 should be slightly smaller than the size of the bottom outlet of the conical funnel 717 to ensure that the loosening rod 701 does not cause the conical funnel 717 to move up and down synchronously, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of the conical funnel 717 in collecting rainwater.

[0039] Specifically, both the rainwater collection chamber 33 and the planting chamber 31 are equipped with reinforced frames.

[0040] In this embodiment, the stiffening frame is made of steel reinforcement, which can provide auxiliary support for the inner walls of the planting chamber 31 and the rainwater collection chamber 33, thereby improving the strength of the block body 3.

[0041] When it rains, the planting layer 6 in the planting chamber 31 will be soaked by rainwater, and the rainwater that gathers on the top of the planting layer 6 will be discharged into the rainwater collection chamber 33 through the drainage hole 714. At the same time, the water in the soil layer of the slope protection 1 will also enter the rainwater collection chamber 33 after being filtered by the filter layer 35, which will cause the water level in the rainwater collection chamber 33 to gradually rise. As the water level in the rainwater collection chamber 33 rises, it causes the float plate 713 to float upwards. This, in turn, drives the transmission belt 711 to rotate via the sliding rod 712. The rotation of the transmission belt 711 drives the active ratchet 710 to rotate, which in turn drives the driven ratchet 709 to rotate. The rotation of the driven ratchet 709 drives the first rotating shaft 708 to rotate, which in turn drives the cam 707 to rotate. This, in turn, drives the slider 704 to slide left and right via the second transmission rod 706. During the left and right sliding of the slider 704, the loosening rod 701 moves up and down via the first transmission rod 703, which, in conjunction with the loosening block 702, moves the soil to loosen it. At the same time, the slider 704 repeatedly squeezes the elastic bladder 718 during the sliding process. When the elastic bladder 718 is compressed, it releases air into the planting layer 6 through the exhaust port 719 to increase the oxygen content of the soil in the planting layer 6. When the water level in the rainwater collection chamber 33 reaches a certain height, the float 713 will pull up the ball piston 37 through the rope 38, thereby opening the drain outlet 36 and draining the rainwater in the rainwater collection chamber 33.

[0042] When the weather is sunny, the absorbent sliver 716 absorbs rainwater from the rainwater collection chamber 33 and transports it to the planting layer 6 for plant growth, ensuring suitable soil moisture in the planting layer 6. As the water level in the rainwater collection chamber 33 drops, the float 713 also moves downward, which in turn drives the transmission belt 711 to rotate in the opposite direction under the action of the slide rod 712. At this time, the driven ratchet 709 is not driven to rotate.

[0043] This embodiment also provides a construction method for a combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box-type masonry retaining wall, including the following steps: S1, precast base slab 2, block body 3 and pressure plate 4, and transport the precast components to the construction site; S2. On slope protection 1, use a total station to locate the retaining wall axis, lay out the slope according to the design, mechanically excavate the foundation trench to the design elevation, and reserve a 20cm manual trimming layer. If the construction site is a soft foundation with poor foundation conditions, the foundation should also be reinforced as necessary, for example, by using crushed stone piles or grouting to ensure a bearing capacity ≥150kPa. Then, lay a 20cm thick graded crushed stone cushion layer (crushed stone particle size 5-40mm) on the base and compact it with a plate rammer. After the foundation treatment, it needs to be accepted by a penetration test, with a compaction degree ≥93% and a flatness error ≤10mm. Meanwhile, a strip foundation is poured using C30 concrete at the base. After the strip foundation is poured, it is covered with geotextile for moisture retention and curing, and no load is allowed to be applied within 3 days. The strip foundation is 1.5m wide and 0.8m high. The longitudinal reinforcement is C12@150mm and the transverse reinforcement is C10@200mm. The embedded parts are aligned with the bolt holes on the base plate 2, with an error of ≤3mm. When laying the graded crushed stone cushion layer, the edge is laid 30cm wider to prevent the strip foundation from settling and cracking at the edge. After compaction, the elevation is checked with a level, and the deviation is controlled within ±5mm. S3. First, accurately lay out the lines along the strip foundation, using a total station to locate the axis of the base plate, with an error ≤5mm. Manually, with the aid of a crane, place the base plate 2 flat on the strip foundation and install and fix it, ensuring that the bolt holes on the base plate 2 are aligned with the bolt holes on the strip foundation. Fill the joints of the base plate 2 with elastic sealant to prevent soil leakage. Then, align the bottom groove of the block body 3 with the upper protrusion of the base plate 2, and insert it in a staggered manner to form a two-way mortise and tenon interlocking structure, allowing the block body 3 to be installed on the base plate 2. Use a level to check the block body. The verticality of 3 should be ≤3mm. If necessary, use a rubber hammer for fine adjustment. Then, lay graded crushed stone (particle size 5-40mm) on the base until it is flush with the top surface of the bottom plate 2. The error should be controlled within ±5mm. After spreading evenly, compact it with a plate rammer. The compaction degree should be ≥93%. Lay the geogrid 5 on the graded crushed stone cushion layer and press one end of the geogrid 5 into the groove on the bottom plate 2 with the pressure plate 4. Then fold the geogrid 5 back and fix it with a connecting rod to ensure that the tensile strength meets the standard. Thus, the first step is obtained by construction. S4. Based on the first layer of stairs, repeat step S3 to construct the second layer of stairs, and so on, until the construction of the entire retaining wall is completed.

[0044] Specifically, in step S3, after the geogrid 5 is initially fixed, a layer of sand is first laid on top of the geogrid 5, and then the other end of the geogrid 5 is tensioned and fixed with U-shaped nails.

[0045] This invention has been described through preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. This invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein; other embodiments falling within the scope of the claims are also within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A modular reinforced self-healing ecological filter box type masonry retaining wall, consisting of two or more assembly units stacked along the slope direction of the slope protection (1) to form a stepped structure, characterized in that: The assembly unit includes a base plate (2), a block body (3), a pressure plate (4), and a geogrid (5). The block body (3) is installed on the top of the base plate (2). The geogrid (5) is installed on the side of the block body (3) near the slope protection (1). One end of the geogrid (5) is fixedly installed on the base plate (2) through the pressure plate (4). A planting chamber (31) is installed on the block body (3). A planting layer (6) is installed inside the planting chamber (31). A through hole (32) is installed at the bottom of the planting chamber (31). A rainwater collection chamber (33) connected to the through hole (32) is installed below the planting chamber (31). The soil loosening mechanism (7) includes a soil loosening rod (701), a soil loosening block (702), a first transmission rod (703), a slider (704), a guide rod (705), a second transmission rod (706), and a drive unit. The drive unit is located in the rainwater collection chamber. (33) Inside, the drive unit includes a cam (707), one end of the second transmission rod (706) is eccentrically hinged to the cam (707), the other end of the second transmission rod (706) is hinged to a slider (704), the guide rod (705) is fixed on the inner wall of the rainwater collection chamber (33), and the slider (704) is slidably connected to the guide rod (705), one end of the first transmission rod (703) is hinged to the slider (704), the other end of the first transmission rod (703) is hinged to the bottom end of the loosening rod (701), the top end of the loosening rod (701) passes through the through hole (32) and extends into the planting layer (6), a loosening block (702) is provided on the loosening rod (701), and a rectangular groove (34) communicating with the rainwater collection chamber (33) is provided on the side of the block body (3) near the slope (1), and a filter layer (35) is provided in the rectangular groove (34).

2. The combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box type masonry retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter layer (35) includes a coarse sand layer (351), a medium sand layer (352), and a fine sand layer (353) arranged in sequence.

3. The combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box type masonry retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive unit also includes a first rotating shaft (708), a driven ratchet (709), a driving ratchet (710), a transmission belt (711), a slide bar (712), and a float (713). The float (713) is disposed inside the rainwater collection chamber (33). The transmission belt (711) is inclinedly disposed on the inner wall of the rainwater collection chamber (33). The slide bar (712) is disposed on the transmission belt (711), and the slide bar (712) is slidably connected to the slide groove on the float (713). The driving ratchet (710) is coaxially fixed on one of the rollers of the transmission belt (711). The first rotating shaft (708) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rainwater collection chamber (33). The driven ratchet (709) and the cam (707) are fixed on the first rotating shaft (708), and the driving ratchet (710) and the driven ratchet (709) mesh with each other.

4. A combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box type masonry retaining wall according to claim 3, characterized in that: The soil loosening rod (701) has a drainage hole (714) coaxially opened at the center. A receiving groove (715) is provided on the side wall of the soil loosening rod (701). A water-absorbing cotton strip (716) is provided in the receiving groove (715), and the bottom end of the water-absorbing cotton strip (716) is connected to the floating plate (713).

5. A combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box type masonry retaining wall according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the rainwater collection chamber (33) is also provided with an elastic bladder (718). The slider (704) abuts against the elastic bladder (718). The top of the elastic bladder (718) is provided with an exhaust port (719), and the free end of the exhaust port (719) extends into the planting chamber (31). The bottom of the elastic bladder (718) is provided with an air inlet (720). Both the air inlet (720) and the exhaust port (719) are provided with one-way valves.

6. A combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box type masonry retaining wall according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of one side of the rainwater collection chamber (33) is also provided with a drain outlet (36), and the spherical piston (37) is connected to the float (713) by a rope (38).

7. A combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box type masonry retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting layer (6) is also embedded with a conical funnel (717), and the top surface of the conical funnel (717) is flush with the top surface of the planting layer (6). The top of the loosening rod (701) is inserted into the bottom outlet of the conical funnel (717).

8. A combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box type masonry retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the rainwater collection chamber (33) and the planting chamber (31) are equipped with stiffening frames.

9. A construction method for a combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box-type masonry retaining wall according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, precast base plate (2), block body (3) and pressure plate (4), and transport the precast components to the construction site; S2. On the slope protection (1), the total station is used to locate the axis of the retaining wall, and the layout is carried out according to the design slope. The foundation trench is mechanically excavated to the design elevation and a 20cm manual trimming layer is reserved. A 20cm thick graded crushed stone cushion layer is laid on the base and compacted with a plate tamper. At the same time, a strip foundation is poured on the base using C30 concrete. S3. First, accurately lay out the line along the strip foundation, use a total station to locate the axis of the base plate, and manually cooperate with the crane to lay the base plate (2) flat on the strip foundation and install and fix it. Then, install the block body (3) onto the base plate (2), and then lay graded crushed stone on the base until it is flush with the top surface of the base plate (2). Lay the geogrid (5) on the graded crushed stone cushion layer, and press and fix one end of the geogrid (5) onto the base plate (2) through the pressure plate (4) to obtain the first step. S4. Based on the first layer of stairs, repeat step S3 to construct the second layer of stairs, and so on, until the construction of the entire retaining wall is completed.

10. The construction method of a combined reinforced self-healing ecological filter box-type masonry retaining wall according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S3, after the geogrid (5) is initially fixed, a layer of sand is laid on top of the geogrid (5), and then the other end of the geogrid (5) is tensioned and fixed with U-shaped nails.

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