Screw-in type hard rock mechanical splitting drill

Abstract

The invention discloses a precession type hard rock mechanical splitting drill. The precession type hard rock mechanical splitting drill comprises a drilling mechanism, a pre-tightening mechanism and a splitting mechanism. In the drilling mechanism, a hollow drill rod is coaxially mounted in a while-drilling pile casing; the hollow drill bit is fixedly connected to the end of the hollow drill rod. And the hollow drill rod is communicated with the hollow drill bit to form a deslagging loop. A plurality of rows of first receding through holes and second receding through holes are formed in the pile casing while drilling. In the pre-splitting mechanism, the end, provided with a conical head, of the chisel tooth part is arranged in the first receding through hole in a penetrating mode, and the other end of the chisel tooth part extends into the first hydraulic cylinder in a sealed mode so as to stretch out and draw back in the radial direction under the action of the first hydraulic cylinder. In the splitting mechanism, one end of a piston assembly is arranged in a second receding through hole in a penetrating mode, and the other end of the piston assembly extends into a second hydraulic cylinder in a sealed mode so as to stretch out and draw back under the action of the second hydraulic cylinder. On the projection of the cross section, the chisel teeth are approximately perpendicular to the telescopic direction of the piston assembly. According to the splitting drill, the three working procedures of drilling, presplitting and vertical splitting are integrated, and the hard rock crushing efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydraulic rock splitting technology, and more particularly to a rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, non-coal metal hard rock mines mainly employ the drill-and-blast method. This method suffers from a series of drawbacks, including discontinuous operation, high risk of derivative disasters, strong dynamic disturbances, and poor safety, making it difficult to adapt to the future development trend of green, safe, and efficient mining engineering. With the updating of mining concepts and the advancement of mechanical equipment manufacturing technology, non-explosive mechanized rock breaking technology has been gradually applied to non-coal metal hard rock mining. However, many challenges remain in actual mechanized operations: the fragmentation of mining processes is prominent, for example, drilling, pre-splitting, and splitting equipment need to operate independently; overall efficiency is low; rock breaking tools suffer severe wear, such as the need for frequent tool replacement when using cantilever tunneling machines or TBMs in hard rock mining; operating costs are high; and the adaptability to complex hard rock conditions is insufficient, especially in deep mining or narrow tunnel spaces. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a high-efficiency mechanical rock breaking equipment that integrates multiple processes of hard rock crushing, breaking through the current bottlenecks in the application of non-explosive mechanical rock breaking technology in hard rock mining, and achieving safe, efficient, and clean development of non-coal metal hard rock resources. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill to improve the construction efficiency of hard rock splitting.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill, including a drilling mechanism, a pre-tightening mechanism and a splitting mechanism;

[0005] The drilling mechanism includes a casing, a hollow drill rod, and a hollow drill bit; the hollow drill rod is coaxially installed inside the casing; the hollow drill bit is fixed to the end of the hollow drill rod; the hollow drill rod and the hollow drill bit are connected to form a slag removal circuit; the casing wall is provided with several rows of first clearance through holes and second clearance through holes along the axial direction.

[0006] The pre-fracture mechanism includes a chisel with a tapered head and a first hydraulic cylinder disposed inside the drilling casing; one end of the chisel with the tapered head passes through the first clearance through hole, and the other end extends into the first hydraulic cylinder in a sealed manner, so as to extend and retract radially along the drilling casing under the action of the first hydraulic cylinder.

[0007] The splitting mechanism includes a piston assembly and a second hydraulic cylinder disposed inside the drilling casing; one end of the piston assembly passes through the second clearance through hole, and the other end extends into the second hydraulic cylinder in a sealed manner, so as to extend and retract under the action of the second hydraulic cylinder;

[0008] On the cross-sectional projection of the splitting drill, the angle between any one of the chisel teeth and the extension / retraction direction of the nearest piston assembly is not less than 80°.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, on the cross-sectional projection of the splitting drill, any one of the chisels is perpendicular to the extension and retraction direction of the nearest piston assembly.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the two rows of the first clearance through holes are arranged opposite each other along the diameter direction of the drilling casing.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the first clearance through hole and the second clearance through hole are located in the same cross-section of the drilling casing.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the pre-crack mechanism further includes a sheath; one end of the sheath is fixed to the edge of the first clearance through hole, and the other end extends radially inward into the first hydraulic cylinder; the chisel portion and the sheath are in a sealed sliding connection along the axis.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the sheath has a first annular plate extending radially inward to divide the internal space of the sheath axially into a first oil inlet chamber and a chisel tooth chamber;

[0014] The chisel includes a conical head, a first column, and a first base plate connected sequentially along the axial direction; the conical head is disposed in the chisel cavity; the first column is slidably and sealingly connected to the first annular plate; and the first base plate is slidably and sealingly connected to the sheath in the first oil inlet cavity.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the chisel portion further includes a first elastic reset member; the first elastic reset member is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first column in the first oil inlet cavity, with one end abutting the first ring plate and the other end abutting the first bottom plate.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the second hydraulic cylinder is constructed with a flow-guiding and pressurizing chamber and a second oil inlet chamber that are interconnected; the flow-guiding and pressurizing chamber is filled with oil; the second oil inlet chamber is aligned with the second clearance through hole; the piston assembly is slidably connected to the second oil inlet chamber.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the extension and retraction direction of the piston assembly is along the diameter direction of the drilling casing.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the drilling mechanism further includes a bearing; the outer ring of the bearing is fixedly connected to the drilling casing, and the inner ring is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the hollow drill rod.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill provided in this embodiment of the invention: (1) integrates the three major hard rock crushing processes of drilling, pre-splitting, and splitting into one, realizing continuous operation in a single hole, avoiding the back-and-forth switching and multiple in-hole positioning steps of traditional hard rock mining equipment, and improving the efficiency of mechanical operation. (2) Through the mechanical rock breaking design of the synergistic interaction between the pre-splitting induced by the chisel teeth and the vertical support splitting of the piston assembly, a highly concentrated tensile stress zone is formed inside the rock, effectively guiding the directional propagation of tensile cracks, and significantly reducing the difficulty of mechanized crushing of hard rock. (3) Through the internal slag discharge circuit, rock cuttings are simultaneously pumped out during the drilling process, avoiding secondary cleaning operations of rock cuttings inside the hole, and improving work efficiency. More importantly, this design significantly controls dust pollution at the work site, which strongly aligns with the trend of hard rock mining towards safety, greenness, and environmental protection. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a side cross-sectional view of the splitting drill described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the splitting drill described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the splitting mechanism described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a side profile diagram of the rock mass being split by the rock splitting drill as described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rock mass being split by the splitting drill as described in this embodiment of the invention.

[0026] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1-Drilling casing, 11-First clearance through hole, 12-Second clearance through hole, 2-Hollow drill pipe, 3-Bearing, 4-Hollow drill bit, 5-First hydraulic cylinder, 6-Sheath, 61-First annular plate, 62-Chisel tooth cavity, 63-First oil inlet cavity, 64-Ring groove, 65-Second annular plate, 7-Chisel tooth part, 71-Chisel tooth, 711-Conical head, 712-First column, 713-First base plate, 72-First elastic reset component, 8-Second hydraulic cylinder, 81-Encapsulation part, 811-Wing plate, 82-Second oil inlet cavity, 83-Guiding and pressurizing cavity, 9-Piston assembly, 91-Piston head, 92-Second column, 93-Second base plate, 94-Second elastic reset component, 101-Crack. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "top / bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "equipped", "sleeved / connected", "connected", etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a wall-mounted connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] like Figures 1-5 As shown, this embodiment provides a rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill, including a drilling mechanism, a pre-splitting mechanism, and a splitting mechanism.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the drilling mechanism includes a casing 1, a hollow drill pipe 2, a bearing 3, and a hollow drill bit 4. The hollow drill pipe 2 is coaxially mounted inside the casing 1 via the bearing 3. Specifically, the outer ring of the bearing 3 is fixed to one end of the casing 1. The hollow drill pipe 2 passes through the inner ring of the bearing 3 along the central axis of the casing 1 and is fixed to the inner ring. The central drill bit is coaxially fixed to the end of the hollow drill pipe 2 that extends out of the bearing 3. The hollow drill pipe 2 is connected to an external power device to drive the hollow drill bit 4 to rotate. The casing 1 has several rows of first clearance through holes 11 and second clearance through holes 12 arranged axially on its wall to provide telescopic windows for the pre-splitting mechanism and the splitting mechanism, respectively. Figure 2As shown, the two rows of first clearance through holes 11 are arranged opposite each other along the diameter direction of the drilling casing 1. Preferably, the two rows of second clearance holes are also arranged opposite each other along the diameter direction of the drilling casing 1. On the cross-sectional projection of the drilling casing 1, the first clearance through holes 11 and the second clearance through holes 12 are arranged approximately in a cross shape, that is: for example, if the two rows of first clearance through holes 11 are arranged opposite each other at 0° and 180° on the drilling casing 1, then the two rows of second clearance through holes 12 are arranged opposite each other at 90° and 270°. Strictly, the included angle between the first clearance through holes 11 and the second clearance through holes 12 is slightly adjusted depending on the number of second clearance through holes 12. For example, in a similar embodiment, the second clearance through holes 12 are arranged in four rows, respectively at 85°, 95°, 265°, and 275°. Preferably, in this embodiment, the first clearance through holes 11 and the second clearance through holes 12 are located within the same cross-section of the drilling casing 1.

[0032] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the pre-splitting mechanism includes a chisel tooth section 7, a sheath 6, and a first hydraulic cylinder 5. Two sets of first hydraulic cylinders 5 are arranged opposite each other on the inner wall of the drilling casing 1. In the cross-sectional direction, the first hydraulic cylinders 5 are fan-shaped. The inner side of the first hydraulic cylinder 5 surrounds the outer periphery of the hollow drill rod 2, and there is a slight gap between them, which both assists in the radial positioning of the hollow drill rod 2 and does not interfere with the latter's high-speed rotation. The first hydraulic cylinder 5 is connected to an oil supply pipe at its end. The sheath 6 is a hollow structure, with one end fixed to the edge of the first clearance through hole 11, and the other end extending radially inward into the first hydraulic cylinder 5. The sheath 6 has a first annular plate 61 extending radially inward to divide the internal space of the sheath 6 into a first oil inlet chamber 63 and a chisel tooth 71 chamber 62 along the axial direction. The chisel tooth section 7 includes chisels 71 and a first elastic reset member 72. Further, the chisel 71 includes a conical head 711, a first column 712, and a first base plate 713 connected sequentially along the axial direction. The conical head 711 is housed within the cavity 62 of the chisel 71. The first column 712 is slidably and sealingly connected to the first annular plate 61 to ensure that oil does not overflow when the chisel 71 slides along the axial direction of the sleeve 6. The first base plate 713 is slidably and sealingly connected to the sleeve 6 within the first oil inlet cavity 63, not only providing guidance for the chisel 71 together with the first annular plate 61, but also maximizing the driving force generated by the oil. The first elastic reset member 72 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first column 712 within the first oil inlet cavity 63, with one end abutting against the first annular plate 61 and the other end abutting against the first base plate 713, to provide automatic reset for the chisel 71. Preferably, the first elastic reset member 72 is pre-compressed to maximize the elastic movement stroke of the chisel 71 and improve its own reset response speed to the chisel 71. Preferably, the casing has a groove 64 on the side of the first annular plate 61 facing the first oil inlet chamber 63. The groove 64 is close to the first column 712 and its width is equal to the spring thickness. The first elastic reset member 72 is embedded in the groove 64 and is limited along the radial direction of the casing 6. To prevent the chisel 71 from disengaging from the casing 6 during extension and retraction, in the radially outward direction of the casing 1, the chisel 71 achieves a limiting engagement with the casing 6 through the locking between the first base plate 713, the first annular plate 61, and the first elastic reset member 72; while in the radially inward direction, the chisel 71 and the casing 6 are limited to engage by at least one of the following structural features: the width of the conical head 711 is greater than the inner diameter of the first annular plate 61; or, the casing 6 has a second annular plate 65 extending radially inward on the side of the first base plate 713 facing away from the first column 712.

[0033] like Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the splitting mechanism includes a piston assembly 9 and a second hydraulic cylinder 8. The second hydraulic cylinder 8 includes a columnar encapsulation part 81, and a flow guiding and pressurizing chamber 83 and a second oil inlet chamber 82 disposed within the encapsulation part 81. The encapsulation part 81 is fixed between the hollow drill rod 2 and the drilling casing 1, and is arranged parallel to the axis of the splitting drill. Preferably, the encapsulation part 81 extends two wing plates 811 on both sides to connect to the inner wall of the drilling casing 1. The flow guiding and pressurizing chamber 83 extends axially along the encapsulation part 81, and one end is externally connected to an oil supply pipe to be filled with oil. The second oil inlet chamber 82 is disposed opposite to the second clearance through hole 12 and communicates with the flow guiding and pressurizing chamber 83. The piston assembly 9 includes a piston head 91, a second column 92, a second base plate 93 connected sequentially along the axial direction, and a second elastic reset member 94 sleeved on the outer periphery of the second column 92. The piston head 91 is positioned directly opposite the second clearance through hole 12. Preferably, the piston head 91 is sealed and passes through the second clearance through hole 12. Preferably, the outer end of the piston head 91 is constructed in an arc shape to adapt to the drilling casing 1. The connection between the piston assembly 9 and the encapsulation part 81 is similar to the internal connection of the chisel part 7. The second bottom plate 93 is slidably connected to the second oil inlet chamber 82 so that under the action of the oil pressure of the flow-guiding and pressurizing chamber 83, the piston head 91 is driven to move outward and squeeze the second elastic reset member 94. Specifically, when the flow-guiding and pressurizing chamber 83 is pressurized, it pushes the bottom plate, and the piston head 91 moves outward to extend out of the surface of the drilling casing 1 and impact the hard rock surface. At this time, the second elastic reset member 94 is axially compressed. When the pressure-reducing chamber 83 is depressurized, the piston moves inward under the action of the second elastic reset member 94 until the bottom plate abuts against the inner side of the oil inlet chamber. At this time, the outer end of the piston head 91 is reset to be flush with the surface of the drilling casing 1. Preferably, the extension and retraction direction of the piston assembly 9 is the diameter direction of the drilling casing 1.

[0034] Preferably, the first elastic reset member 72 and / or the second elastic reset member 94 are springs. In similar embodiments, the reset oil pressure of the first hydraulic cylinder 5 and the second hydraulic cylinder 8 can also reset the chisel portion 7 and the piston assembly 9; therefore, the first elastic reset member 72 and the second elastic reset member 94 should not be considered as essential components of the splitting drill.

[0035] like Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, based on the above structure, the chisel 71, under the pressure of the first hydraulic cylinder 5, cuts the sidewall of the borehole, causing the hard rock to develop cracks 101 that propagate along the cutting direction. Then, under the pressure of the second hydraulic cylinder 8, the piston assembly 9 pushes and supports the hard rock from the direction perpendicular to the development of the cracks 101. Due to the stress concentration effect, the vertically applied tensile force concentrates in the area where the cracks 101 are located, forming a tensile stress concentration zone. The cracks 101 within this zone rapidly develop and extend directionally to the free surface, causing the rock to peel off. To achieve a better splitting effect, the chisel 71 is as perpendicular as possible to the extension and retraction directions of the adjacent piston assembly 9. As can be seen from the above, in another embodiment, the piston assemblies 9 are arranged in two adjacent rows on each side. Therefore, on the cross-sectional projection of the splitting drill, the angle between any chisel 71 and the extension and retraction direction of the nearest piston assembly 9 is not less than 80°. Preferably, in this embodiment, the piston assemblies 9 are arranged in two opposing rows, with any chisel 71 perpendicular to the extension and retraction direction of the nearest piston assembly 9.

[0036] Furthermore, the hollow drill rod 2 and the hollow drill bit 4 are internally connected to form a cuttings discharge circuit. When a blower is connected to the end of the hollow drill rod 2 that is away from the hollow drill bit 4, the broken rock cuttings at the working face are pumped out of the borehole through the cuttings discharge circuit to reduce dust pollution and drill bit wear.

[0037] For ease of understanding, the following is a brief explanation of how to use the splitting drill. The method of use includes the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Start the splitting drill to drill holes in the hard rock area;

[0039] Step 2: After drilling is completed, adjust the angle of the splitting drill inside the borehole so that the extension and retraction direction of the chisel teeth 71 faces the free surface of the rock mass;

[0040] Step 3: Simultaneously supply oil pressure to the pre-splitting mechanism and the splitting mechanism, drive the chisel 71 to cut the rock mass while causing the piston assembly 9 to vertically expand the rock mass outward;

[0041] Step 4: If crack 101 is observed to extend to the free surface, the hard rock breaking process is considered complete, and oil supply is stopped. After the pre-splitting mechanism and splitting mechanism are reset, the splitting drill is pulled out of the borehole.

[0042] In summary, the rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill provided in this embodiment of the invention has the following technical advantages: (1) It integrates the three major hard rock crushing processes of drilling, pre-splitting, and splitting into one, realizing continuous operation in a single hole, avoiding the back-and-forth switching and multiple in-hole positioning steps of traditional hard rock mining equipment, and improving the efficiency of mechanical operation. (2) Through the mechanical rock breaking design of the pre-splitting induced by the chisel teeth 71 and the vertical support splitting of the piston assembly 9, a highly concentrated tensile stress zone is formed inside the rock, effectively guiding the directional propagation of tensile cracks 101, and significantly reducing the difficulty of mechanized crushing of hard rock. (3) Through the internal slag discharge circuit, rock cuttings are simultaneously pumped out during the drilling process, avoiding secondary cleaning of rock cuttings in the hole and improving work efficiency. More importantly, this design significantly controls dust pollution at the work site, which strongly conforms to the trend of hard rock mining towards safety, greenness, and environmental protection.

[0043] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any technically equivalent modifications made based on the content of this specification shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill, characterized in that: Includes drilling mechanism, pre-tightening mechanism and splitting mechanism; The drilling mechanism includes a casing, a hollow drill rod, and a hollow drill bit; the hollow drill rod is coaxially installed inside the casing; the hollow drill bit is fixed to the end of the hollow drill rod; the hollow drill rod and the hollow drill bit are connected to form a slag removal circuit; the casing wall is provided with several rows of first clearance through holes and second clearance through holes along the axial direction. The pre-fracture mechanism includes a chisel with a tapered head and a first hydraulic cylinder disposed inside the drilling casing; one end of the chisel with the tapered head passes through the first clearance through hole, and the other end extends into the first hydraulic cylinder in a sealed manner, so as to extend and retract radially along the drilling casing under the action of the first hydraulic cylinder. The splitting mechanism includes a piston assembly and a second hydraulic cylinder disposed inside the drilling casing; one end of the piston assembly passes through the second clearance through hole, and the other end extends into the second hydraulic cylinder in a sealed manner, so as to extend and retract under the action of the second hydraulic cylinder; On the cross-sectional projection of the splitting drill, the angle between any one of the chisel teeth and the extension / retraction direction of the nearest piston assembly is not less than 80°.

2. The rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the cross-sectional projection of the splitting drill, any one of the chisels is perpendicular to the extension and retraction direction of the nearest piston assembly.

3. The rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two rows of the first clearance through holes are arranged opposite each other along the diameter direction of the drilling casing.

4. A rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first clearance through hole and the second clearance through hole are located in the same cross-section of the drilling casing.

5. A rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-splitting mechanism also includes a protective sleeve; one end of the protective sleeve is fixed to the edge of the first clearance through hole, and the other end extends radially inward into the first hydraulic cylinder; the chisel tooth portion and the protective sleeve are connected in a sealed sliding connection along the axis.

6. A rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sheath has a first annular plate extending radially inward to divide the internal space of the sheath into a first oil inlet chamber and a chisel tooth chamber along the axial direction. The chisel includes a conical head, a first column, and a first base plate connected sequentially along the axial direction; the conical head is disposed in the chisel cavity; the first column is slidably and sealingly connected to the first annular plate; and the first base plate is slidably and sealingly connected to the sheath in the first oil inlet cavity.

7. A rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill according to claim 6, characterized in that: The chisel tooth portion further includes a first elastic reset member; the first elastic reset member is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first column in the first oil inlet cavity, with one end abutting the first ring plate and the other end abutting the first bottom plate.

8. A rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second hydraulic cylinder has an interconnected flow-guiding and pressurizing chamber and a second oil inlet chamber; the flow-guiding and pressurizing chamber is filled with oil; the second oil inlet chamber is aligned with the second clearance through hole; the piston assembly is in a sealed sliding connection with the second oil inlet chamber.

9. A rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extension and retraction direction of the piston assembly is along the diameter direction of the drilling casing.

10. A rotary hard rock mechanical splitting drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling mechanism also includes a bearing; the outer ring of the bearing is fixedly connected to the drilling casing, and the inner ring is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the hollow drill rod.

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