Walnut shell cat litter with bacteriostasis and deodorization effects and preparation method of walnut shell cat litter

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cat litter preparation, and particularly relates to walnut shell cat litter with bacteriostatic and deodorant effects and a preparation method of the walnut shell cat litter. The walnut shell cat litter with the bacteriostatic and deodorant effects comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40-66% of walnut shell powder, 28-49% of tea residue powder and 5-18% of a binder. According to the walnut shell cat litter with the bacteriostasis and deodorization effects, the walnut shells and the tea residues are recycled, and the problems of environmental pollution and resource waste caused by direct waste of byproducts of agricultural products are solved. Meanwhile, the walnut shell cat litter with the bacteriostatic and deodorant effects, provided by the invention, does not contain any chemical substances, is green and environment-friendly, and does not have side effects of sensitization, toxicity and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cat litter preparation technology, specifically relating to a walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the improvement of people's economic capacity and consumption level, my country's pet industry has developed rapidly, and the "pet economy" is rising. According to the "2023-2024 China Pet Industry White Paper (Consumer Report)," the urban pet (dog and cat) consumption market size was 279.3 billion yuan in 2023. Among them, the cat market size continued to grow steadily, increasing by 6% compared with 2022.

[0003] Cat litter, commonly known as pet bedding, has good absorbency and clumping properties, effectively managing pet feces and odor, thus maintaining indoor hygiene. As the largest consumable item among pet supplies, the demand for cat litter is increasing daily, and its product quality is receiving more and more attention from pet owners.

[0004] Walnut shells, the woody outer shell of walnuts after the kernel is removed, are mainly composed of high-molecular polymers such as cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. They are hard and non-toxic. Studies have shown that walnut shells, due to the presence of functional groups such as OH-, CH, C=O, NH, CH2, and -COO on their surface, can provide adsorption active sites, thus exhibiting good adsorption performance and are commonly used as adsorbents. Furthermore, with the increase in walnut production and the further extension of the walnut processing industry chain, a large amount of walnut shell byproducts are generated, mostly discarded by incineration, without being utilized for high-value purposes. Therefore, using walnut shells as raw materials to produce cat litter helps to fully utilize walnut resources and improve the overall economic value of the walnut industry.

[0005] Tea residue, a byproduct of deep tea processing, is rich in active ingredients such as tea polyphenols, cellulose, theanine, tea protein, and tea polysaccharides. Studies have shown that tea polyphenols contain phenolic hydroxyl compounds; these hydroxyl groups have a reducing and decomposing effect, capable of combining with odor components such as -NH2 and -SH, helping to reduce or eliminate odors. Simultaneously, tea polyphenols have an inhibitory effect on various bacteria. Therefore, the cat litter prepared using walnut shells and tea residue as the main raw materials provided by this invention not only has a simple raw material preparation process and strong adsorption capacity, but also possesses antibacterial and deodorizing effects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem solved by this invention is that most existing cat litters use chemically or physically modified substances as their main raw materials to improve their absorbency and deodorization. However, the preparation methods for these substances are complex and cumbersome, and they easily introduce chemical substances, which can affect the cat's respiratory system with long-term use. In addition, existing cat litters are prone to mold and spoilage in humid environments, breeding bacteria and easily causing cats to develop diarrhea, urinary tract infections, and other illnesses.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects and its preparation method.

[0008] Specifically, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, comprising, by weight of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects: 40-66% walnut shell powder, 28-49% tea residue powder and 5-18% binder.

[0010] Preferably, the cat litter, based on the weight of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, comprises: 41-50% walnut shell powder, and / or 35-49% tea residue powder, and / or 7-17% binder; more preferably, 41-42% walnut shell powder, and / or 41-42% tea residue powder, and / or 16-17% binder.

[0011] Preferably, the tea residue powder is one or more of green tea residue powder, white tea residue powder, yellow tea residue powder, raw Pu'er tea residue powder, and oolong tea residue powder; preferably, the tea residue powder is one or more of green tea residue powder, white tea residue powder, and yellow tea residue powder.

[0012] Preferably, based on the weight of walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, the content is 41-42% green tea residue powder, and / or 30-49 wt% white tea residue powder, and / or 28-42 wt% yellow tea residue powder; more preferably, the content is 48-49% white tea residue powder, and / or 35-42 wt% yellow tea residue powder.

[0013] Preferably, the binder is one or more of starch, xanthan gum, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, pectin and gelatin.

[0014] Preferably, based on the weight of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, the composition is: 6.25-18 wt% starch, and / or 2.8-8.5 wt% xanthan gum, and / or 2.8-17 wt% hydroxymethyl cellulose, and / or 8-8.5 wt% pectin, and / or 8-8.5 wt% gelatin; preferably, 7-8.5 wt% xanthan gum and / or 7.5-17 wt% hydroxymethyl cellulose.

[0015] Preferably, the walnut shell powder is prepared by the following steps: the walnut shells are dried, crushed, ground into powder and sieved by weight of the walnut shells to obtain walnut shell powder.

[0016] Preferably, the sieve mesh size is 10-30 mesh, and / or the drying time is 55-60 min, and / or the drying temperature is 60-65℃.

[0017] Preferably, the tea residue powder is prepared by the following steps: the tea residue is dried, crushed and sieved by weight to obtain tea residue powder.

[0018] Preferably, the sieve mesh size is 50-70 mesh, and / or the drying time is 115-120 min, and / or the drying temperature is 80-85℃.

[0019] Preferably, the product is dried to a moisture content of 3-10 wt%, more preferably 6-10 wt%, and even more preferably 9-10%.

[0020] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, comprising the following steps:

[0021] (1) Mix the mixture of walnut shell powder, tea residue powder and binder with water to obtain a paste;

[0022] (2) Granulate the paste to obtain granules;

[0023] (3) The particles obtained in step (2) are dried to obtain walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects.

[0024] Preferably, the binder is one or more of starch, xanthan gum, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, pectin and gelatin; more preferably, the binder is one or more of starch, xanthan gum, hydroxymethyl cellulose, pectin and gelatin.

[0025] In step (1), the weight ratio of the mixture to water is (0.3-1.5):1, preferably (0.6-1):1, and more preferably (0.8-1):1.

[0026] Preferably, in step (1), the mixing speed is 300-600 rpm and / or the mixing time is 15-40 min; preferably, the mixing speed is 450-600 rpm and / or the mixing time is 25-40 min.

[0027] Preferably, in step (2), the length of the particle is 3-10 mm and / or the diameter of the particle is 2-6 mm, and more preferably, the length of the particle is 6-10 mm and / or the diameter of the particle is 4-6 mm.

[0028] Preferably, the drying temperature is 40-80℃ and / or the drying time is 20-60 min; more preferably, the drying temperature is 60-80℃ and / or the drying time is 35-60 min.

[0029] Preferably, the moisture content of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is greater than or equal to 3% and less than or equal to 8% by weight, and more preferably, the moisture content is greater than or equal to 4% and less than or equal to 8%.

[0030] Preferably, the water absorption rate is 300-320 g / mL, calculated as the ratio of the weight of water absorbed by the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects to the volume of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects in g / mL. More preferably, the water absorption rate is 310-320 g / mL.

[0031] And / or the ammonia removal rate is 26-30%, preferably 28-30%, calculated as the difference in ammonia concentration before and after treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects to the ratio of ammonia concentration before treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects (%).

[0032] And / or the hydrogen sulfide removal rate is 28-33%, preferably 29-33%, calculated as the difference in hydrogen sulfide concentration before and after treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects to the ratio of hydrogen sulfide concentration before treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects (%).

[0033] And / or the antibacterial rate is 87-97%, calculated as the difference in bacterial concentration before and after treatment with walnut shell cat litter having antibacterial and deodorizing effects, compared with the bacterial concentration before treatment with walnut shell cat litter having antibacterial and deodorizing effects. Preferably, the bacteria are Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus.

[0034] Preferably, the E. coli concentration difference before and after treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is calculated as the percentage of the E. coli concentration before treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, and the antibacterial rate against E. coli is 90-97%; more preferably, the antibacterial rate against E. coli is 93-97%.

[0035] And / or the Staphylococcus aureus concentration difference before and after treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is compared with the Staphylococcus aureus concentration before treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects as a percentage, and its antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus is 87-95%; preferably, its antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus is 89-95%.

[0036] Beneficial effects of the present invention

[0037] (1) The present invention provides a walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, which is made of walnut shell powder as one of the main components. Walnut shell is a by-product of natural plant source and is composed of high molecular polymers such as cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose, which makes walnut shell have good adsorption performance. Moreover, because there are functional groups such as OH-, CH, C=O, NH, CH2, -COO on its surface, it can provide adsorption active sites, which is more conducive to the physical adsorption of pollutants.

[0038] (2) The present invention provides a walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, which is made of tea residue powder as one of the main components. Tea residue is a by-product of natural plant source. The tea polyphenols in tea residue have antibacterial and deodorizing properties, which improves the shortcomings of existing cat litter in deodorizing effect and easy to breed bacteria. At the same time, tea residue contains the fragrance of tea, which can further improve the unpleasant odor produced by cat litter.

[0039] (3) The present invention provides a walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, which reuses walnut shells and tea dregs, and solves the problem of environmental pollution and resource waste caused by directly discarding agricultural by-products.

[0040] (4) The walnut shell cat litter provided by this invention has antibacterial and deodorizing effects. It contains no chemical substances, is green and environmentally friendly, and has no side effects such as allergenicity or toxicity. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To better understand the above technical solutions, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be noted that the content of the specific embodiments is only a specific implementation and explanation of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] The walnut shell cat litter provided by this invention has antibacterial and deodorizing effects. It has good water absorption properties, is widely available, green and environmentally friendly, and its ingredients will not have a harmful effect on cats.

[0043] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, a walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is provided, comprising, by weight, 40-66% walnut shell powder, 28-42% tea residue powder and 5-18% binder.

[0044] Preferably, the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects contains 40-66% walnut shell powder by weight. For example, in some specific embodiments, the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects may contain 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, or 66% walnut shell powder, or contain walnut shell powder within the numerical range formed by any two of the above specific values ​​as endpoints.

[0045] Preferably, the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects contains 28-49% tea residue powder by weight. For example, in some specific embodiments, the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects may contain 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, or 49% tea residue powder, or tea residue powder within the numerical range formed by any two of the above specific values ​​as endpoints.

[0046] Preferably, the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects contains 5-18% binder by weight. For example, in some specific embodiments, the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects may contain 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, or 18% binder, or contain binder within the numerical range formed by any two of the above specific values ​​as endpoints.

[0047] The walnut shell powder is prepared by the following steps: walnut shells are dried, crushed, ground, and sieved by weight to obtain walnut shell powder, wherein the sieve mesh size is 10-30 mesh, and / or the drying time is 55-60 min, and / or the drying temperature is 60-65℃. The tea residue powder is prepared by the following steps: tea residue is dried, crushed, and sieved by weight to obtain tea residue powder, wherein the sieve mesh size is 50-70 mesh, and / or the drying time is 115-120 min, and / or the drying temperature is 80-85℃. The walnut shell powder or the tea residue powder is dried to a moisture content of 3-10 wt%, preferably 6-10 wt%, more preferably 9-10%.

[0048] The role of walnut shell powder: Walnut shells have functional groups such as OH-, CH, C=O, NH, CH2, and -COO on their surface, which can provide adsorption active sites and have good adsorption performance. As a raw material for cat litter, it can greatly improve the water absorption of cat litter.

[0049] The function of tea residue powder: The tea polyphenols in tea residue powder contain hydroxyl groups, which can combine with odor components such as -NH2 and -SH, thereby reducing or eliminating the odor. At the same time, the tea polyphenols in tea residue powder have an inhibitory effect on a variety of bacteria, fundamentally solving the problems of complex cat litter preparation processes and easy bacterial growth, thus producing a cat litter with simple processing, strong water absorption, and antibacterial and deodorizing effects.

[0050] The function of the binder: to enhance the adhesion and durability of the cat litter, making it more compact and less prone to crumbling.

[0051] The above describes the various substances in the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects of the present invention. However, walnut shell powder, tea residue powder, and binder obtained by conventional means or commercially available to those skilled in the art can all be used in the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects of the present invention. Furthermore, the preparation methods of the walnut shell powder and tea residue powder used in the present invention described above are merely illustrative examples. In fact, the walnut shell powder and tea residue powder used in the present invention are not limited to the above preparation methods, and the above substances can also be prepared using other methods conventional to those skilled in the art.

[0052] To better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0053] Unless otherwise stated, all reagents / instruments used in the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention are conventional commercially available products. Information on the experimental materials and instruments used in this invention is provided in the table below:

[0054] Table 1 Experimental Materials / Instruments and Manufacturers

[0055]

[0056] Example 1

[0057] Example 1 provides a walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, comprising: 250g of walnut shell powder, 125g of white tea residue powder, and 25g of starch.

[0058] This walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing properties is prepared through the following steps:

[0059] (1) Mix walnut shell powder, tea residue powder and starch with 1000g water to obtain a paste. The mixing speed is 300rpm and the mixing time is 15min.

[0060] (2) The paste is granulated to obtain particles with a length of 3 mm and a diameter of 2 mm;

[0061] (3) The particles obtained in step (2) are dried at a drying temperature of 40°C and a drying time of 20 min to obtain walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects. The weight of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 388g. The moisture content of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 3wt%.

[0062] The preparation process of walnut shell powder is as follows:

[0063] Based on the weight of the walnut shells, the walnut shells are dried to a moisture content of 3wt%. Then, the dried walnut shells are crushed, ground into powder, and passed through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain walnut shell powder. The drying temperature is 60℃ and the drying time is 60min.

[0064] The preparation process of white tea residue powder is as follows:

[0065] Based on the weight of white tea residue, the white tea residue is dried to a moisture content of 3wt%. Then, the dried white tea residue is crushed using a pulverizer and passed through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain white tea residue powder. The drying temperature is 80℃ and the drying time is 120min.

[0066] (4) The absorbency of the cat litter obtained in step (3) is tested. The specific method for testing absorbency is as follows:

[0067] Place a 200-mesh standard sieve into a white porcelain dish, and place a slow-speed qualitative filter paper on the sieve. Then add water to the dish until the water just completely wets the filter paper in the sieve. Remove the wetted filter paper and weigh it, recording the weight m1. Place the weighed filter paper back into the 200-mesh standard sieve and spread it flat. Spread 10 mL of cat litter on the surface of the filter paper and keep it for 15 minutes. Then remove the filter paper and the water-absorbing cat litter together and weigh them to obtain the weight m2. Calculate the water absorption rate of the cat litter according to formula (1). The water absorption test was repeated 3 times, and the results are shown in Table 2. The area of ​​the cat litter spread on the surface should not exceed the area of ​​the filter paper.

[0068]

[0069] (5) The deodorization effect of the cat litter obtained in step (3) is tested. The results of the deodorization effect test are shown in Table 3. The specific method for testing the deodorization effect is as follows:

[0070] (5.1) The specific method for determining the ammonia removal effect of cat litter is as follows:

[0071] 150g of cat litter was placed in a crystallizing dish and placed at the bottom of the desiccator. 5mL of 0.5% ammonia water was added to the center of the cat litter. The desiccator was then sealed tightly and left to stand for 30 minutes. The ammonia concentration in the desiccator was then measured with an ammonia detector, which is the concentration after treatment. Before adding ammonia water to the cat litter, the ammonia concentration of the ammonia water was measured with an ammonia detector, which is the concentration before treatment. The ammonia removal rate was calculated according to formula (2). The experiment to determine the ammonia removal effect of cat litter was repeated 3 times. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0072]

[0073] (5.2) The specific method for determining the hydrogen sulfide removal effect of cat litter is as follows:

[0074] 100g of cat litter was placed in a plastic bucket with a lid. A beaker containing 15mL of saturated hydrogen sulfide solution was placed in the plastic bucket. 20g of fresh cat feces was added to the cat litter. The plastic bucket was then immediately sealed and covered. After standing for 30 minutes, the hydrogen sulfide concentration was measured using a hydrogen sulfide analyzer. This was the concentration after treatment. Before adding fresh cat feces to the cat litter, the hydrogen sulfide concentration of the fresh cat feces was measured using a hydrogen sulfide analyzer. This was the concentration before treatment. The hydrogen sulfide removal rate was calculated according to formula (3). The experiment to determine the effect of cat litter on hydrogen sulfide removal was repeated 3 times. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0075]

[0076] (6) The antibacterial properties of the cat litter obtained in step (3) are tested. The results of the antibacterial test are shown in Table 4. The specific method for testing the deodorizing effect is as follows:

[0077] The antibacterial rate of cat litter against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was determined in accordance with ASTM E 2149-20, a test method for determining the activity of antimicrobial agents under dynamic conditions, as developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) to assess the antimicrobial performance of cat litter.

[0078] (6.1) Method for detecting the antibacterial rate of cat litter against Escherichia coli: Under the condition of 25℃, 50 mL of a solution with a concentration of 2.5×10⁻⁶ was inoculated into a 250 mL sterile flask. 5After incubating a CFU / mL E. coli suspension for 48 hours, the concentration of E. coli in the sterile flask was determined by plate count, i.e., the bacterial concentration in the flask after 48 hours of direct inoculation. Then, 2g of cat litter and the bacterial suspension were added to the sterile flask and thoroughly mixed. After 48 hours of direct inoculation, the concentration of E. coli in the sterile flask was determined by plate count, i.e., the bacterial concentration in the flask after 48 hours of cat litter contact. The inhibition rate of cat litter against E. coli was calculated according to formula (4), and the detection of the inhibition rate of cat litter against E. coli was repeated three times.

[0079] (6.2) Method for detecting the antibacterial rate of cat litter against Staphylococcus aureus: Under the condition of 25℃, 50 mL of cat litter with a concentration of 2.8×10⁻⁶ was inoculated into a 250 mL sterile flask. 5 After incubating a suspension of Staphylococcus aureus (cfu / mL) for 48 hours, the concentration of Staphylococcus aureus in the sterile flask was determined by plate counting, i.e., the bacterial concentration in the flask after 48 hours of direct inoculation. Then, 2g of cat litter was added to the sterile flask and incubated for 48 hours. The concentration of Staphylococcus aureus in the sterile flask was determined by plate counting, i.e., the bacterial concentration in the flask after 48 hours of cat litter incubation. The inhibition rate of cat litter against Staphylococcus aureus was calculated according to formula (4), and the test of the inhibition rate of cat litter against Staphylococcus aureus was repeated three times.

[0080]

[0081] Example 2

[0082] Example 2 provides a walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, comprising: 250g of walnut shell powder, 175g of yellow tea residue powder, 37.5g of xanthan gum and 37.5g of hydroxymethyl cellulose.

[0083] This walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing properties is prepared through the following steps:

[0084] (1) Mix 250g of walnut shell powder, 175g of yellow tea residue powder, 37.5g of xanthan gum and 37.5g of hydroxymethyl cellulose with 800g of water to obtain a paste. The mixing speed is 450rpm and the mixing time is 25min.

[0085] (2) The paste is granulated to obtain particles with a length of 6 mm and a diameter of 4 mm;

[0086] (3) The particles obtained in step (2) are dried at a drying temperature of 60°C and a drying time of 40 min to obtain walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects. The weight of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 475g. The moisture content of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 5wt%.

[0087] The preparation process of walnut shell powder is as follows:

[0088] Based on the weight of the walnut shells, the walnut shells are dried to a moisture content of 6wt%. Then, the dried walnut shells are crushed, ground into powder, and passed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain walnut shell powder. The drying temperature is 60℃ and the drying time is 60min.

[0089] The preparation process of tea residue powder from yellow tea is as follows:

[0090] Based on the weight of the tea residue of yellow tea, the tea residue of yellow tea is dried to a moisture content of 6wt%. Then, the dried tea residue of yellow tea is crushed by a pulverizer and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain tea residue powder of yellow tea. The drying temperature is 80℃ and the drying time is 120min.

[0091] Steps (4) to (6) are the same as in Example 1.

[0092] Example 3

[0093] Example 3 provides a walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, comprising: 250g walnut shell powder, 250g green tea residue powder, 50g pectin and 50g gelatin.

[0094] This walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing properties is prepared through the following steps:

[0095] (1) Mix 250g of walnut shell powder, 250g of green tea residue powder, 50g of pectin, 50g of gelatin and 670g of water to obtain a paste. The mixing speed is 600rpm and the mixing time is 40min.

[0096] (2) The paste is granulated to obtain particles with a length of 10 mm and a diameter of 6 mm;

[0097] (3) The particles obtained in step (2) are dried at a drying temperature of 80°C and a drying time of 60 min to obtain walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects. The weight of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 552g. The moisture content of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 8wt%.

[0098] The preparation process of walnut shell powder is as follows:

[0099] Based on the weight of the walnut shells, the walnut shells are dried to a moisture content of 10 wt%. Then, the dried walnut shells are crushed, ground into powder, and passed through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain walnut shell powder. The drying temperature is 60℃ and the drying time is 60 min.

[0100] The preparation process of green tea residue powder is as follows:

[0101] Based on the weight of green tea residue, the green tea residue is dried to a moisture content of 10wt%. Then, the dried green tea residue is crushed using a pulverizer and passed through a 70-mesh sieve to obtain green tea residue powder. The drying temperature is 80℃ and the drying time is 120min.

[0102] Steps (4) to (6) are the same as in Example 1.

[0103] Example 4

[0104] Example 4 provides a walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, comprising: 313.5g of walnut shell powder, 180g of white tea residue powder, and 106.5g of starch.

[0105] This walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing properties is prepared through the following steps:

[0106] (1) Mix 313.5g of walnut shell powder, 180g of white tea residue powder, 106.5g of starch and 700g of water to obtain a paste. The mixing speed is 500rpm and the mixing time is 40min.

[0107] (2) The paste is granulated to obtain particles with a length of 4 mm and a diameter of 3 mm;

[0108] (3) The particles obtained in step (2) are dried at a drying temperature of 50°C and a drying time of 50 min to obtain walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects. The weight of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 570g. The moisture content of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 5wt%.

[0109] The preparation process of walnut shell powder is as follows:

[0110] Based on the weight of the walnut shells, the walnut shells are dried to a moisture content of 7wt%. Then, the dried walnut shells are crushed, ground into powder, and passed through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain walnut shell powder. The drying temperature is 60℃ and the drying time is 60min.

[0111] The preparation process of white tea residue powder is as follows:

[0112] Based on the weight of white tea residue, the white tea residue is dried to a moisture content of 5wt%. Then, the dried white tea residue is pulverized using a pulverizer and passed through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain white tea residue powder. The drying temperature is 80℃ and the drying time is 120min.

[0113] Steps (4) to (6) are the same as in Example 1.

[0114] Example 5

[0115] Example 5 provides a walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, comprising: 490g walnut shell powder, 210g yellow tea residue powder, 21g xanthan gum and 21g hydroxymethyl cellulose.

[0116] This walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing properties is prepared through the following steps:

[0117] (1) Mix 490g of walnut shell powder, 210g of yellow tea residue powder, 21g of xanthan gum, 21g of hydroxymethyl cellulose and 1800g of water to obtain a paste. The mixing speed is 350rpm and the mixing time is 20min.

[0118] (2) The paste is granulated to obtain particles with a length of 5 mm and a diameter of 5 mm;

[0119] (3) The particles obtained in step (2) are dried at a drying temperature of 45°C and a drying time of 55 min to obtain walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects. The weight of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 700g. The moisture content of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 5.67wt%.

[0120] The preparation process of walnut shell powder is as follows:

[0121] Based on the weight of the walnut shells, the walnut shells are dried to a moisture content of 5wt%. Then, the dried walnut shells are crushed, ground into powder, and passed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain walnut shell powder. The drying temperature is 60℃ and the drying time is 60min.

[0122] The preparation process of tea residue powder from yellow tea is as follows:

[0123] Based on the weight of the tea residue of yellow tea, the tea residue of yellow tea is dried to a moisture content of 5wt%. Then, the dried tea residue of yellow tea is crushed by a pulverizer and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain tea residue powder of yellow tea. The drying temperature is 80℃ and the drying time is 120min.

[0124] Steps (4) to (6) are the same as in Example 1.

[0125] Example 6

[0126] Example 6 provides a walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, comprising: 180g walnut shell powder, 200g white tea residue powder, and 35g xanthan gum.

[0127] This walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing properties is prepared through the following steps:

[0128] (1) Mix 250g of walnut shell powder, 200g of white tea residue powder, 35g of xanthan gum and 600g of water to obtain a paste. The mixing speed is 400rpm and the mixing time is 35min.

[0129] (2) The paste is granulated to obtain particles with a length of 7 mm and a diameter of 4 mm;

[0130] (3) The particles obtained in step (2) are dried at a drying temperature of 70°C and a drying time of 35 min to obtain walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects. The weight of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 400g. The moisture content of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 3.61wt%.

[0131] The preparation process of walnut shell powder is as follows:

[0132] Based on the weight of the walnut shells, the walnut shells are dried to a moisture content of 8wt%. Then, the dried walnut shells are crushed, ground into powder, and passed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain walnut shell powder. The drying temperature is 60℃ and the drying time is 60min.

[0133] The preparation process of white tea residue powder is as follows:

[0134] Based on the weight of white tea residue, the white tea residue is dried to a moisture content of 7wt%. Then, the dried white tea residue is crushed using a pulverizer and passed through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain white tea residue powder. The drying temperature is 80℃ and the drying time is 120min.

[0135] Steps (4) to (6) are the same as in Example 1.

[0136] Example 7

[0137] Example 7 provides a walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, comprising: 250g walnut shell powder, 250g yellow tea residue powder, 50g pectin and 50g gelatin.

[0138] This walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing properties is prepared through the following steps:

[0139] (1) Mix 250g of walnut shell powder, 250g of yellow tea residue powder, 50g of pectin, 50g of gelatin and 670g of water to obtain a paste. The mixing speed is 600rpm and the mixing time is 40min.

[0140] (2) The paste is granulated to obtain particles with a length of 10 mm and a diameter of 6 mm;

[0141] (3) The particles obtained in step (2) are dried at a drying temperature of 80°C and a drying time of 60 min to obtain walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects. The weight of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 552g. The moisture content of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 8wt%.

[0142] The preparation process of walnut shell powder is as follows:

[0143] Based on the weight of the walnut shells, the walnut shells are dried to a moisture content of 10 wt%. Then, the dried walnut shells are crushed, ground into powder, and passed through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain walnut shell powder. The drying temperature is 60℃ and the drying time is 60 min.

[0144] The preparation process of tea residue powder from yellow tea is as follows:

[0145] Based on the weight of the tea residue of yellow tea, the tea residue of yellow tea is dried to a moisture content of 10wt%. Then, the dried tea residue of yellow tea is crushed by a pulverizer and passed through a 70-mesh sieve to obtain tea residue powder of yellow tea. The drying temperature is 80℃ and the drying time is 120min.

[0146] Steps (4) to (6) are the same as in Example 1.

[0147] Example 8

[0148] Example 8 provides a walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, wherein the walnut shell cat litter comprises: 250g of walnut shell powder, 250g of green tea residue powder and 100g of hydroxymethyl cellulose.

[0149] This walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing properties is prepared through the following steps:

[0150] (1) Mix 250g of walnut shell powder, 250g of green tea residue powder, 100g of hydroxymethyl cellulose and 670g of water to obtain a paste. The mixing speed is 600rpm and the mixing time is 40min.

[0151] (2) The paste is granulated to obtain particles with a length of 10 mm and a diameter of 6 mm;

[0152] (3) The particles obtained in step (2) are dried at a drying temperature of 80°C and a drying time of 60 min to obtain walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects. The weight of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 552g. The moisture content of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is 8wt%.

[0153] The preparation process of walnut shell powder is as follows:

[0154] Based on the weight of the walnut shells, the walnut shells are dried to a moisture content of 10 wt%. Then, the dried walnut shells are crushed, ground into powder, and passed through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain walnut shell powder. The drying temperature is 60℃ and the drying time is 60 min.

[0155] The preparation process of green tea residue powder is as follows:

[0156] Based on the weight of green tea residue, the green tea residue is dried to a moisture content of 10wt%. Then, the dried green tea residue is crushed using a pulverizer and passed through a 70-mesh sieve to obtain green tea residue powder. The drying temperature is 80℃ and the drying time is 120min.

[0157] Steps (4) to (6) are the same as in Example 1.

[0158] Comparative Example 1

[0159] The cat litter provided in Comparative Example 1 consists of: 250g walnut shell powder, 37.5g xanthan gum, and 37.5g hydroxymethyl cellulose.

[0160] The difference between the cat litter preparation method provided in Comparative Example 1 and that in Example 2 is:

[0161] In step (1), 250g of walnut shell powder, 37.5g of xanthan gum, 37.5g of hydroxymethyl cellulose and 300g of water are mixed to obtain a paste; in step (3), the cat litter prepared in Comparative Example 1 weighs 312g; the drying time for preparing walnut shell powder is 20min.

[0162] Comparative Example 2

[0163] The cat litter provided in Comparative Example 2 has the same composition and component content as in Example 1.

[0164] The difference between the preparation method of the cat litter provided in Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that: in step (1), 250g of walnut shell powder, 125g of white tea residue powder, 25g of starch and 120g of water are mixed to obtain a paste; in step (3), the weight of the cat litter prepared in Comparative Example 2 is 380g; the drying temperature of the walnut shell powder is 40℃ and the drying time is 20min, and the walnut shell is dried to a moisture content of 20wt% based on the weight of the walnut shell.

[0165] Comparative Example 3

[0166] The cat litter provided in Comparative Example 3 has the same composition and component content as in Example 1.

[0167] The difference between the preparation method of the cat litter provided in Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that: in step (1), 250g of walnut shell powder, 125g of white tea residue powder, 25g of starch and 120g of water are mixed to obtain a paste; in step (3), the weight of the cat litter obtained in Comparative Example 3 is 384g; based on the weight of the white tea residue, the white tea residue is dried to a moisture content of 20wt%.

[0168] Comparative Example 4

[0169] The cat litter provided in Comparative Example 4 consists of: 250g of walnut shell powder, 50g of green tea residue powder, 12.5g of pectin and 12.5g of gelatin.

[0170] The preparation method of the cat litter provided in Comparative Example 4 differs from that in Example 3 in that: in step (1), 250g of walnut shell powder, 50g of green tea residue powder, 12.5g of pectin, 12.5g of gelatin and 540g of water are mixed to obtain a paste; in step (3), the weight of the cat litter obtained in Comparative Example 4 is 299g; the drying temperature for preparing the walnut shell powder is 40℃ and the drying time is 20min.

[0171] Comparative Example 5

[0172] The cat litter provided in Comparative Example 5 consisted of: 250g of walnut shell powder, 50g of green tea residue powder, 87.5g of pectin, and 87.5g of gelatin.

[0173] The difference between the preparation method of the cat litter provided in Comparative Example 5 and Example 3 is that: in step (1), 250g of walnut shell powder, 50g of green tea residue powder, 87.5g of pectin, 87.5g of gelatin and 540g of water are mixed to obtain a paste; in step (3), the weight of the cat litter obtained in Comparative Example 5 is 437g; the drying temperature for preparing the walnut shell powder is 40℃ and the drying time is 20min.

[0174] Comparative Example 6

[0175] The cat litter provided in Comparative Example 6 has the same composition and component content as in Example 2.

[0176] The difference between the preparation method of cat litter provided in Comparative Example 6 and Example 2 is that in step (1), 250g of walnut shell powder, 175g of yellow tea residue powder, 37.5g of xanthan gum and 37.5g of hydroxymethyl cellulose are mixed with 50g of water to obtain a paste; the drying temperature for preparing walnut shell powder is 40℃ and the drying time is 20min.

[0177] Comparative Example 7

[0178] The cat litter provided in Comparative Example 7 has the same composition and component content as in Example 2.

[0179] The difference between the preparation method of the cat litter provided in Comparative Example 7 and Example 2 is that: in step (1), 250g of walnut shell powder, 175g of yellow tea residue powder, 37.5g of xanthan gum and 37.5g of hydroxymethyl cellulose are mixed with 750g of water to obtain a paste; in step (3), the weight of the cat litter obtained in Comparative Example 7 is 465g; the drying temperature for preparing the walnut shell powder is 40℃ and the drying time is 20min.

[0180] Table 2 Results of water absorption performance test of cat litter

[0181]

[0182]

[0183] The absorbency of cat litter is one of the most important indicators. Currently, in production, the ability of cat litter to absorb moisture over a period of time is generally studied using standard sieves and slow-moving neutral filter paper as media. The absorbency rates of the cat litters prepared in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-7 are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from the table, the absorbency rates of the cat litters in Examples 1-8 are all higher than those in Comparative Examples 1-7. Observing Comparative Examples 4-7, when the weight ratio of the formula is changed, the absorbency rate of the cat litter decreases to varying degrees, indicating that the weight ratio specified in this invention is optimal.

[0184] Table 3. Results of the odor-removing effect test of cat litter.

[0185]

[0186]

[0187] Most cats are kept indoors, and cat excrement has a certain pungent odor, which can affect people's living environment. Therefore, cat litter should have a certain deodorizing function to reduce odor. The odor-causing substances in cat excrement mainly include urea, uric acid, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc. The deodorizing effect of the cat litter prepared in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-7 was measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. It can be seen from the table that the ammonia removal rate and hydrogen sulfide removal rate of the cat litter in Examples 1-8 are higher than those in Comparative Examples 1-7. Observing Comparative Example 1, the cat litter prepared without adding tea leaves had a 37.9% lower ammonia removal rate and a 44.6% lower hydrogen sulfide removal rate than in Example 3, indicating that the addition of tea leaves significantly improved the deodorizing effect of the cat litter.

[0188] Table 3 Results of antibacterial test of cat litter

[0189]

[0190]

[0191] As an indoor product, cat litter's antibacterial properties are essential to prevent illness in cats due to bacterial growth caused by improper litter disposal. The deodorizing effects of the cat litters prepared in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were tested, and the results are shown in Table 3. The table shows that the antibacterial properties of all eight examples were significantly improved compared to the seven comparative examples. Examples 3, 7, and 8 showed better antibacterial effects than the other examples. Specifically, compared to Comparative Example 1, Example 3 showed an increase of 41.4% and 36% in the antibacterial rates of *Escherichia coli* and *Staphylococcus aureus*, respectively; Example 7 showed an increase of 41.6% and 35.7% in the antibacterial rates of *Escherichia coli* and *Staphylococcus aureus*, respectively; and Example 8 showed an increase of 41.2% and 36% in the antibacterial rates of *Escherichia coli* and *Staphylococcus aureus*, respectively. This indicates that the tea residue added in this invention has a certain antibacterial effect. Furthermore, the antibacterial effect of the cat litter prepared in the comparative example against the two common bacteria was weaker than that in the example, indicating that the present invention has a certain enhancing effect on the antibacterial effect of cat litter.

[0192] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, they are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Based on the technical solutions of the present invention, various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, characterized in that, The cat litter, based on the weight of walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, includes: 40-66% walnut shell powder, 28-49% tea residue powder, and 5-18% binder.

2. The walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cat litter containing walnut shells with antibacterial and deodorizing properties comprises, by weight: 41-50% walnut shell powder, and / or 35-49% tea residue powder, and / or 7-17% binder; preferably, 41-42% walnut shell powder, and / or 41-42% tea residue powder, and / or 16-17% binder.

3. The walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The tea residue powder is one or more of the following: green tea residue powder, white tea residue powder, yellow tea residue powder, raw Pu'er tea residue powder, and oolong tea residue powder; preferably, the tea residue powder is one or more of the following: green tea residue powder, white tea residue powder, and yellow tea residue powder.

4. The walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the weight of walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, the content is 41-42% green tea residue powder, and / or 30-49 wt% white tea residue powder, and / or 28-42 wt% yellow tea residue powder, preferably 48-49% white tea residue powder and / or 35-42 wt% yellow tea residue powder.

5. The walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The binder is one or more of starch, xanthan gum, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, pectin and gelatin, preferably one or more of starch, xanthan gum, hydroxymethyl cellulose, pectin and gelatin.

6. The walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the weight of walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects, the litter contains 6.25-18 wt% starch, and / or 2.8-8.5 wt% xanthan gum, and / or 2.8-17 wt% hydroxymethyl cellulose, and / or 8-8.5 wt% pectin, and / or 8-8.5 wt% gelatin; preferably, it contains 7.5-8.5 wt% xanthan gum and / or 7.5-17 wt% hydroxymethyl cellulose.

7. The walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The walnut shell powder is prepared by the following steps: the walnut shells are dried, crushed, ground into powder and sieved by weight to obtain walnut shell powder.

8. The walnut shell cat litter according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sieve size is 10-30 mesh, and / or the drying time is 55-60 min, and / or the drying temperature is 60-65℃.

9. The walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The tea residue powder is prepared by the following steps: the tea residue is dried, crushed and sieved by weight to obtain tea residue powder.

10. The walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects according to claim 9, characterized in that, The sieve size is 50-70 mesh, and / or the drying time is 115-120 min, and / or the drying temperature is 80-85℃.

11. The walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects according to any one of claims 7-10, characterized in that, Dry to a moisture content of 3-10 wt%, preferably 6-10 wt%, more preferably 9-10%.

12. A method for preparing walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects as described in any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Mix the mixture of walnut shell powder, tea residue powder and binder with water to obtain a paste; (2) Granulate the paste to obtain granules; (3) The particles obtained in step (2) are dried to obtain walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects.

13. The preparation method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The binder is one or more of starch, xanthan gum, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, pectin and gelatin; preferably, the binder is one or more of starch, xanthan gum, hydroxymethyl cellulose, pectin and gelatin. In step (1), the weight ratio of the mixture to water is (0.3-1.5):1, preferably (0.6-1):1, and more preferably (0.8-1):

1.

14. The preparation method according to claim 13, characterized in that, In step (1), the mixing speed is 300-600 rpm and / or the mixing time is 15-40 min; preferably, the mixing speed is 450-600 rpm and / or the mixing time is 25-40 min.

15. The preparation method according to claim 14, characterized in that, In step (2), the length of the particles is 3-10 mm and / or the diameter of the particles is 2-6 mm. Preferably, the length of the particles is 6-10 mm and / or the diameter of the particles is 4-6 mm.

16. The preparation method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The drying temperature is 40-80℃ and / or the drying time is 20-60 min, preferably, the drying temperature is 60-80℃ and / or the drying time is 35-60 min.

17. The walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects prepared by any one of claims 1-11 or any one of claims 12-16, characterized in that, The moisture content of the walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is greater than or equal to 3% and less than or equal to 8% by weight, preferably greater than or equal to 4% and less than or equal to 8%.

18. The walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects according to claim 17, characterized in that, Based on the ratio of the weight of water absorbed by the cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects to the volume of the cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects (g / mL), its water absorption rate is 300-320g / mL, preferably 310-320g / mL. And / or the ammonia removal rate is 26-30%, preferably 28-30%, calculated as the difference in ammonia concentration before and after treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects to the ratio of ammonia concentration before treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects (%). And / or the hydrogen sulfide removal rate is 28-33%, preferably 29-33%, calculated as the difference in hydrogen sulfide concentration before and after treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects to the ratio of hydrogen sulfide concentration before treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects (%). And / or the antibacterial rate is 87-97%, calculated as the difference in bacterial concentration before and after treatment with walnut shell cat litter having antibacterial and deodorizing effects, compared with the bacterial concentration before treatment with walnut shell cat litter having antibacterial and deodorizing effects. Preferably, the bacteria are Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus.

19. The walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects according to claim 18, characterized in that, The concentration difference of E. coli before and after treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is compared with the concentration of E. coli before treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects as a percentage, and its antibacterial rate against E. coli is 90-97%; preferably, its antibacterial rate against E. coli is 93-97%. And / or the Staphylococcus aureus concentration difference before and after treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects is compared with the Staphylococcus aureus concentration before treatment with walnut shell cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing effects as a percentage, and its antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus is 87-95%; preferably, its antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus is 89-95%.

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