A method for efficient rotation of winter wheat and amorphophallus konjac in central china region

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of central plains area winter wheat and high-efficiency rotation of Konjac of bead bud, belongs to crop planting field, to solve central plains area winter wheat and soil continuous cropping obstacle in rotation of bead bud Konjac, technical problem of nutrient imbalance and pest intensification.The method comprises the following steps: sowing winter wheat in early October and harvesting in early June of next year; within 5 days after wheat harvesting, the straw is crushed and mixed with sulfur powder, and then deep ploughed back to the field; a sowing trench is dug, and phosphorus fertilizer and sulfur powder are applied at the bottom of the trench; before June 15, the Konjac seed tuber is placed in the trench, and the soil is covered and ridged; after the Konjac sprouts, potassium sulfate is applied during leaf expansion and tuber enlargement; in late October, after harvesting the Konjac, the remaining root system is removed, and composted cow manure is applied, followed by deep ploughing for wintering; in early October of the next year, winter wheat is planted as usual.The method is mainly used to improve the rotation efficiency and yield per unit area of farmland in central plains, and to improve the soil structure and sustainable fertility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop cultivation and preparation. More specifically, this invention relates to a method for efficient crop rotation of winter wheat and Amorphophallus bulbifera in the Central Plains region. Background Technology

[0002] The Central Plains region has long practiced a double-cropping system of winter wheat and summer corn, leading to a continuous decline in soil organic matter, increased secondary salinization, and the accumulation of soil-borne diseases. In recent years, attempts to introduce Amorphophallus bulbifera (Golden Amorphophallus) as a rotation crop have revealed significant difficulties in its succession with winter wheat: Konjac must be planted immediately after wheat harvest, but the straw, once returned to the field, is slow to decompose, forming a physical barrier in the soil that hinders tuber enlargement. Simultaneously, the decomposition process consumes large amounts of nitrogen, causing seedling yellowing. An even more prominent problem lies in the imbalance of soil pH regulation—Konjac requires a slightly acidic environment of pH 5.5-6.5 for growth, while wheat straw decomposes to produce alkaline substances. This, combined with the inherently high pH of the calcareous brown soil in the Central Plains region (typically ≥7.8), results in inhibited root development and a more than 30% increase in the incidence of soft rot. In addition, the difference in nutrient requirements between the two crops creates a persistent conflict: after wheat harvest, the soil is severely deficient in available phosphorus (≤5mg / kg), but konjac seedlings require 60% of the total phosphorus during their entire growth period, and conventional topdressing methods can easily lead to phosphorus fixation; while konjac's potassium requirement increases sharply during the tuber enlargement period (average daily absorption reaches 0.35kg / acre), but the soil's potassium supply capacity has decreased by 40% due to previous consumption, ultimately resulting in insufficient accumulation of tuber dry matter.

[0003] The overlapping and exacerbation of pests and diseases is particularly challenging: wheat stem rot and konjac root rot share the same pathogen, and diseased wheat residue from the previous crop increases the risk of konjac infection by 4-7 times; simultaneously, overwintering pupae of the sweet potato hawk moth left in konjac fields can harm wheat seedlings the following year. The core issues hindering the current crop rotation techniques from overcoming these contradictions are: firstly, the extremely short seasonal window (only 15 days from wheat harvest to konjac planting) leaves a lack of effective means to rapidly adjust soil physicochemical properties; secondly, while traditional lime application can adjust acidic soils, it exacerbates alkalization in konjac-growing areas; and thirdly, the synergistic technology between straw return and konjac planting has not yet been mastered, as direct deep plowing reduces soil porosity by 12%-15%, indirectly leading to a konjac seed rot rate exceeding 20%. These systemic obstacles severely restrict the practical application value of crop rotation models. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and to provide at least the advantages that will be described later.

[0005] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for efficient rotation of winter wheat and Amorphophallus bulbifera in the Central Plains region, thereby solving the problems of soil continuous cropping obstacles and nutrient imbalance in the rotation of winter wheat and Amorphophallus bulbifera.

[0006] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the present invention, a method for efficient crop rotation of winter wheat and Amorphophallus bulbifera in the Central Plains region is provided, comprising the following timing and soil improvement steps:

[0007] S1. Winter wheat is sown in early October and harvested in early June of the following year;

[0008] S2. Within 5 days after wheat harvest, crush the straw, mix the crushed straw with sulfur powder, and deep plow it back into the field to a depth of 25-30cm. Dig sowing furrows 15cm deep and 20cm wide at a row spacing of 60cm. Apply 15kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer to the bottom of the furrows and apply sulfur powder on top of the phosphate fertilizer. The amount of sulfur powder applied on the phosphate fertilizer should be 2-2.5 times that of the sulfur powder mixed with the straw. The total amount of sulfur powder applied in the two applications should be 50-100kg / mu.

[0009] S3. Before June 15, place the bulbils of golden konjac seed tubers in the planting furrow, with a plant spacing of 40cm, cover with soil and make ridges, with a ridge height of 20cm.

[0010] S4. After the konjac seedlings emerge, apply potassium sulfate twice: 60-80 kg / mu of potassium sulfate during the leaf expansion stage and 60-70 kg / mu of potassium sulfate during the tuber enlargement stage.

[0011] S5. Konjac is harvested in late October. After removing the remaining roots, apply 3-5 tons of decomposed cow manure per mu and plow to a depth of 25cm for overwintering.

[0012] S6. Winter wheat is planted in early October of the following year according to the usual method.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the sulfur powder applied to the bottom of the trench is ultra-finely pulverized to a particle size ≤0.15mm, and premixed with phosphate fertilizer at a mass ratio of 1:0.3-0.5 to form a sulfur-phosphate layer; after the sowing trench is excavated, the following steps are performed sequentially:

[0014] A1. Lay a premixed sulfur-phosphorus layer at the bottom of the trench, with a thickness of 3-5cm;

[0015] A2. Cover with 2-3cm of fine soil to form a physical isolation layer;

[0016] A3. Plant the seed taro 5-8cm above the isolation layer.

[0017] Preferably, the fine soil in step A2 is prepared by mixing topsoil with a particle size ≤2mm and calcium humate at a mass ratio of 10:1. The prepared fine soil is laid in two layers. After the first layer is 1.5-2cm thick, it is pre-compacted to a density of 1.20-1.25g / cm³ using a flat vibratory compactor. 3 The second layer is then laid to the target thickness and finally compacted to a density of 1.25-1.35 g / cm³. 3Among them, the moisture content of fine soil should be controlled at 12-14% during preparation, and the relative humidity of the compaction environment should be ≤70%. After compaction, the density of 3 points should be randomly checked every 20 meters of trench length using the ring cutter method. The measured value with a coefficient of variation of ≤5% is considered qualified.

[0018] When the coefficient of variation of the density of the physical isolation layer is greater than 5%, scrape off the unqualified section of material, add 8% of the mass of the scraped material with nano-modified bentonite, adjust the moisture content to 13.5±0.5%, and then re-compact in layers until the coefficient of variation of the re-inspection is ≤5%; where, the under-compacted volume = the difference between the target density and the measured density × the volume of the ring cutter.

[0019] Preferably, the ridge formed in step S3 is a trapezoidal structure with a top width of 40cm, a bottom width of 60cm, and a height of 20cm, with the slope angle on both sides controlled at 45±2°. When planting seed tubers on this ridge, an acidity-guided positioning method is implemented, specifically including: planting the seed tubers with the buds facing upwards above the isolation layer, using geotropism to guide the primary root system to extend vertically downwards; controlling the distance between the bottom of the tuber and the isolation layer to be 0.6-0.8 times the diameter of the seed tuber; and constructing longitudinal drainage channels along the slopes on both sides of the ridge, with a channel depth of 3cm and a channel spacing of 40cm.

[0020] Preferably, the specific operation of topdressing during the leaf expansion stage in step S4 is as follows: Premix potassium sulfate and calcium humate at a mass ratio of 5:1, add 0.5% chitosan solution as a binder to form composite granules with a particle size of 2-3 mm; dig a 10 cm deep circular trench 15 cm away from the base of the konjac plant, evenly apply 60-80 kg / mu of composite granules, cover with soil, and then irrigate with a drip irrigation system at a depth of 5 m... 3 / acre of water volume is activated and released.

[0021] Preferably, the method for applying potassium sulfate during the tuber enlargement stage in step S4 is as follows:

[0022] Dig concentric double-ring trenches centered on the base of the plant. The inner ring trench is 30cm in diameter and 10cm deep, while the outer ring trench is 50cm in diameter and 15cm deep. Apply 65kg of potassium sulfate per mu (667 square meters) in a 3:7 mass ratio, with 20kg applied to the inner ring trench along with 5kg of calcium humate per mu, and 45kg applied to the outer ring trench. Immediately after fertilization, cover with a 2cm thick layer of rice husks and implement alternating wet and dry irrigation through a pulse irrigation system: during the irrigation period, apply water at 15m... 3 Water is applied per acre to saturate the furrow to 2 / 3 of its depth. During the water control period, the soil moisture content is maintained at 18-20% for 5 consecutive days, and this process is repeated 3 times.

[0023] Preferably, in step S5, field treatment is carried out immediately after the konjac corms are harvested in late October. The field treatment specifically includes the following steps:

[0024] C1. Remove residual roots: Use a four-pronged rake to dig 15-20cm deep and remove all residual konjac roots, tuber fragments and diseased plant parts with a diameter ≥0.5cm from the field. Ensure that there are no significant residues in the main root area. Remove the removed materials and dispose of them properly outside the field.

[0025] C2. Apply base fertilizer: After removing the residue, evenly spread fully decomposed cow manure on the soil surface, with the application rate controlled within the range of 3-5 tons / acre; fully decomposed cow manure is odorless, soft in texture, and dark brown in color.

[0026] C3. Deep tillage: Use a rotary tiller or moldboard plow for deep tillage, with a strict depth of 25±2cm. During tillage, the bottom soil should be turned to the surface and the spread cow manure should be fully mixed into the entire tillage layer. After tillage, the soil should be kept in large clumps or strips, without breaking it up or leveling it.

[0027] C4. Overwintering maturation: After the above treatment, the fields are kept in the rough soil surface state after plowing for overwintering.

[0028] Preferably, the method for laying the premixed sulfur-phosphorus layer in step A1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0029] A11. Add the ultra-finely pulverized sulfur powder and phosphate fertilizer to the double-spiral conical mixer at a mass ratio of 1:0.3-0.5;

[0030] A12. Add 0.5% by weight of sulfur powder as an acidification accelerator, wherein the acidification accelerator is a powder of ferrous sulfate and citric acid in a 2:1 ratio.

[0031] A13. Mix at 20 r / min for 15 min;

[0032] A14. A layered laying process is adopted: First, lay a 50% thickness of the mixture, and compact it with a light plate compactor to a density of 1.30±0.05 g / cm³. 3 Then lay the remaining material to a total thickness of 3-5cm, keeping it in a naturally loose state.

[0033] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0034] First, by crushing straw and mixing it with sulfur for deep plowing and returning it to the field, a triple benefit is achieved simultaneously, as follows: After deep plowing, the sulfur powder mixed with straw generates sulfuric acid under the action of microorganisms, adjusting the soil pH from slightly alkaline to slightly acidic within 10 days, meeting the slightly acidic requirements of konjac and reducing the incidence of soft rot; sulfur acidification creates a suitable environment for microorganisms, promotes the reproduction of straw-degrading bacteria, increases soil porosity, and reduces the rate of konjac seed rot; phosphate fertilizer (15 kg / mu) and sulfur powder are applied in layers at the bottom of the furrow, and the sulfur element activates the fixed phosphorus in the soil, increasing the effective phosphorus concentration and meeting most of the phosphorus requirements of konjac seedlings.

[0035] Secondly, by designing an ultrafine sulfur and phosphorus layer (particle size ≤ 0.15 mm), it has a synergistic effect with the physical isolation layer, specifically as follows: the ultrafine sulfur has an increased specific surface area, which accelerates the acidification reaction and stabilizes the pH of the micro-domain at the bottom of the trench at 5.5-5.8 within 10 days; the sulfur and phosphorus premixed layer (sulfur: phosphorus = 1:0.3-0.5) forms a slow-release acid source, extending the continuous acid supply time to 60 days, covering the key growth period of konjac; the isolation layer (fine soil + calcium humate) prevents direct contact between the seed tuber and fertilizer, greatly reducing the root burn rate compared to traditional methods; the seed tuber is planted 5-8 cm above the isolation layer, guiding the roots to vertically penetrate to a depth of 20-25 cm to absorb nutrients, greatly improving the utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium.

[0036] Third, layered compaction (pre-compacting 1.20-1.25 g / cm³). 3 Final pressure 1.25-1.35 g / cm³ 3 This method stabilizes the soil's hydraulic conductivity at 15-18 mm / h, which is 2-3 times higher than traditional compaction. The density variation coefficient of the ring sampler is ≤5%, ensuring uniform permeability of the isolation layer and reducing root penetration resistance.

[0037] Fourth, the trapezoidal ridge structure and acidity-guided positioning method create the optimal root zone environment, specifically as follows: a slope angle of 45±2° enhances the ridge structure's resistance to rainwater erosion and reduces soil erosion; precise control of the distance between the bottom of the seed tuber and the isolation layer (0.6-0.8 times the diameter of the seed tuber) ensures that the first roots reach the acidified zone within 7-10 days, accelerating seedling growth; longitudinal drainage channels (3cm deep / 40cm spacing) divert more than 90% of surface runoff, significantly reducing the incidence of waterlogging on the ridge and decreasing the root rot disease incidence index; and the geotropic vertical root system configuration greatly improves potassium absorption efficiency during tuber enlargement.

[0038] Fifth, the composite granule and ring trench deep application technology breaks through the bottleneck of potassium fertilizer utilization, specifically as follows: Calcium humate chelates potassium ions, greatly reducing the potassium sulfate fixation rate; chitosan binder forms a microporous slow-release membrane, extending the potassium release cycle to 25-30 days, matching the continuous potassium requirement during the leaf expansion period; concentrated fertilization in ring trenches (10cm deep) combined with 5m 3 / acre drip irrigation activation improves the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer in the current season.

[0039] Sixth, the concentric double-ring ditch fertilization system achieves precise spatiotemporal regulation of potassium, specifically as follows: 30% potassium fertilizer + calcium humate is applied to the inner ring ditch (30cm in diameter) to maintain the concentration of readily available potassium in the rhizosphere at 120-150mg / kg, promoting tuber cell division; 70% potassium fertilizer is applied to the outer ring ditch (50cm in diameter) to ensure the average daily potassium supply during the tuber enlargement period, increasing the tuber volume growth rate; rice husk mulching reduces the fluctuation range of soil moisture content, and pulse irrigation (3 alternations of dry and wet conditions) induces the tuber osmotic pressure regulation mechanism, improving the efficiency of dry matter accumulation.

[0040] Seventh, the deep-clearing and freeze-thaw maturation process eradicates the disease and pest transmission chain, specifically as follows: a four-pronged rake is used to deeply dig and remove residues ≥0.5cm, reducing the initial number of pathogens and significantly decreasing the survival rate of sweet potato hawk moth pupae; after deep plowing with well-rotted cow manure (3-5 tons / acre), the winter freeze-thaw cycle greatly increases the proportion of soil aggregates and significantly improves porosity; 15 days of continuous low temperature kills most root rot pathogens, and the antagonistic bacteria released by the decomposition of cow manure inhibit the proliferation of pathogens the following year; the incidence of wheat stem rot in the following year is controlled below 5%, and the sustainability of crop rotation is greatly improved.

[0041] Eighth, the innovative sulfur-phosphorus layer process releases continuous acidification potential, specifically as follows: the acidification promoter (ferrous sulfate + citric acid) greatly increases the sulfur oxidation rate; the compacted bottom layer in the layered laying prevents trench collapse, while the loose surface layer ensures oxygen diffusion, thus improving the efficiency of sulfur bio-oxidation; the effective action period of the sulfur-phosphorus layer covers the entire growth period of konjac, with a small pH fluctuation range; the utilization rate of sulfur element is greatly improved, and the sulfur input per acre can be reduced.

[0042] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0044] This invention provides a method for efficient crop rotation of winter wheat and Amorphophallus bulbifera in the Central Plains region, comprising the following steps of timing and soil improvement:

[0045] S1. Winter wheat is sown in early October and harvested in early June of the following year;

[0046] S2. Within 5 days after wheat harvest, crush the straw, mix the crushed straw with sulfur powder, and deep plow it back into the field to a depth of 25-30cm. Dig sowing furrows 15cm deep and 20cm wide at a row spacing of 60cm. Apply 15kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer to the bottom of the furrows and apply sulfur powder on top of the phosphate fertilizer. The amount of sulfur powder applied on the phosphate fertilizer should be 2-2.5 times that of the sulfur powder mixed with the straw. The total amount of sulfur powder applied in the two applications should be 50-100kg / mu.

[0047] S3. Before June 15, place the bulbils of golden konjac seed tubers in the planting furrow, with a plant spacing of 40cm, cover with soil and make ridges, with a ridge height of 20cm.

[0048] S4. After the konjac seedlings emerge, apply potassium sulfate twice: 60-80 kg / mu of potassium sulfate during the leaf expansion stage and 60-70 kg / mu of potassium sulfate during the tuber enlargement stage.

[0049] S5. Konjac is harvested in late October. After removing the remaining roots, apply 3-5 tons of decomposed cow manure per mu and plow to a depth of 25cm for overwintering.

[0050] S6. Winter wheat is planted in early October of the following year according to the usual method.

[0051] In the above technical scheme, winter wheat (the local main variety, such as Zhengmai 379) is sown from October 5th to October 10th using a row seeder with a row spacing of 20cm and a depth of 3-4cm, at a sowing rate of 12-15kg per mu. The wheat is harvested using a combine harvester from June 3rd to June 8th of the following year, leaving a stubble height of ≤15cm. Within 7 days after harvest, the straw is shredded to a length of ≤5cm using a hammer mill. Sulfur powder (commercially available agricultural sulfur powder, purity ≥99%) is mixed with the shredded straw. Then, a combined tillage unit is used to complete deep plowing and furrow digging, with a plowing depth of 28cm±2cm. Furrows are dug with a row spacing of 60cm, a furrow depth of 15cm, and a furrow bottom width of 20cm. 15kg / mu of superphosphate (available P2O5 ≥16%) is applied to the bottom of the furrows, followed by sulfur powder. Before June 15th, select seed tubers of Amorphophallus konjac with individual buds weighing 50-80g (free from disease spots and with plump buds), place them in furrows at a spacing of 40cm, with the buds facing upwards, cover with soil and form a trapezoidal mound, 20cm high, 40cm wide at the top, and 60cm wide at the bottom. Note that the total amount of sulfur powder applied should be 50-100kg / mu.

[0052] Thirty days after konjac seedling emergence (leaf expansion stage), dig a 10cm deep circular trench 15cm from the base of the plant, applying 70kg of potassium sulfate (K2O≥50%) per mu (667 square meters). After covering with soil, drip irrigate 5 cubic meters per mu. During the tuber enlargement stage (90 days after emergence), dig concentric double-ring trenches centered on the plant (inner ring diameter 30cm, depth 10cm; outer ring diameter 50cm, depth 15cm). Apply 20kg of potassium sulfate + 5kg of calcium humate per mu to the inner ring, and 45kg of potassium sulfate per mu to the outer ring. After covering with soil, cover with a 2cm thick layer of rice husks. Harvest konjac on October 25th. Use a four-pronged rake to remove any remaining roots ≥0.5cm in diameter. Apply 4 tons of well-rotted cow manure per mu (brown, odorless, moisture content ≤30%), and deep plow to a depth of 25cm for overwintering. Sow winter wheat as usual on October 5th of the following year.

[0053] This technical solution alleviates the obstacles of continuous cropping by precisely timing the application of fertilizers and soil improvement techniques. Deep plowing with sulfur powder and straw accelerates decomposition; layered application of sulfur and phosphate fertilizers adjusts the root zone pH to a slightly acidic level; and staged potassium application matches the konjac's nutrient requirements. Ultimately, this achieves improved soil structure, reduced pest and disease incidence, and stable yield increases within the crop rotation cycle.

[0054] In another technical solution, in step S2, the sulfur powder applied to the bottom of the ditch is ultra-finely pulverized to a particle size of [specific particle size not specified].

[0055] ≤0.15mm, and premixed with phosphate fertilizer at a mass ratio of 1:0.3-0.5 to form a sulfur-phosphate layer; after the sowing furrow is excavated, the following steps are performed in sequence:

[0056] A1. Lay a premixed sulfur-phosphorus layer at the bottom of the trench, with a thickness of 3-5cm;

[0057] A2. Cover with 2-3cm of fine soil to form a physical isolation layer;

[0058] A3. Plant the seed taro 5-8cm above the isolation layer.

[0059] In the above technical solution, commercially available sulfur powder is processed to a particle size ≤0.15mm using an ultrafine pulverizer (the D90 value can be detected by a laser particle size analyzer). This sulfur powder is then mixed with superphosphate (effective P2O5 ≥16%) at a mass ratio of 1:0.4 and added to a double-spiral conical mixer. Simultaneously, 0.5% of an acidification accelerator (a powder composed of ferrous sulfate and citric acid in a 2:1 ratio) is added to the sulfur powder. The mixture is mixed at 20 rpm for 15 minutes and then discharged. 50% of the total mixture is first laid at the bottom of the planting furrow and compacted with a plate rammer (vibration force 3kN) to a bulk density of 1.30 g / cm³. 3 ±0.03g / cm 3 Then lay the remaining material to a total thickness of 4cm, keeping it in a naturally loose state.

[0060] Take topsoil (particle size ≤ 2 mm) and commercially available calcium humate powder, mix them at a mass ratio of 10:1, and adjust the moisture content to 13% ± 0.5%. Apply the mixed fine soil in two layers onto the sulfur-phosphorus layer: the first layer is 1.8 cm thick and pre-compacted to a density of 1.22 g / cm³ using a plate compactor (vibration force 2 kN). 3 The second layer is then laid to a total thickness of 2.5cm, and finally compacted to a density of 1.30g / cm³. 3 During construction, the relative humidity should be ≤65%. After compaction, randomly select 3 points every 20 meters of trench length and use a ring cutter (100cm³ volume) to compact the soil. 3 For density testing, a coefficient of variation of ≤5% for the measured value is considered acceptable.

[0061] Place a bulbil-shaped golden konjac seed tuber (50-80g per tuber) 6cm above the surface of the physical isolation layer, ensuring the bud is facing upwards. Cover with soil and form a trapezoidal cross-section: 40cm wide at the top, 60cm wide at the bottom, and 20cm high, with a slope angle of 44°±1° on both sides. Dig longitudinal drainage channels every 40cm along the slope, with a depth of 3cm and a bottom width of 2cm.

[0062] This technical solution utilizes an ultra-fine sulfur and phosphorus layer to slowly release acidifying substances, combined with an isolation layer to prevent direct fertilizer contact and avoid root burn on the seed tubers. The layered and compacted isolation layer ensures even water penetration, while the drainage channel design reduces water accumulation on the ridges. The seed tuber's positioning height guides the roots to extend vertically downwards, improving nutrient absorption efficiency.

[0063] In another technical solution, the fine soil in step A2 is prepared by mixing topsoil with a particle size ≤2mm and calcium humate at a mass ratio of 10:1. The prepared fine soil is laid in two layers. After the first layer is 1.5-2cm thick, it is pre-compacted to a density of 1.20-1.25g / cm³ using a flat vibratory compactor. 3 The second layer is then laid to the target thickness and finally compacted to a density of 1.25-1.35 g / cm³. 3 Among them, the moisture content of fine soil should be controlled at 12-14% during preparation, and the relative humidity of the compaction environment should be ≤70%. After compaction, the density of 3 points should be randomly checked every 20 meters of trench length using the ring cutter method. The measured value with a coefficient of variation of ≤5% is considered qualified.

[0064] When the coefficient of variation of the density of the physical isolation layer is greater than 5%, scrape off the unqualified section of material, add 8% of the mass of the scraped material with nano-modified bentonite, adjust the moisture content to 13.5±0.5%, and then re-compact in layers until the coefficient of variation of the re-inspection is ≤5%; where, the under-compacted volume = the difference between the target density and the measured density × the volume of the ring cutter.

[0065] In the above technical solution, topsoil (particle size ≤2mm) and calcium humate are mixed at a mass ratio of 10:1, and the moisture content is adjusted to 12.5%. The initial layer thickness is 1.7cm, and it is pre-compacted to a density of 1.23g / cm³ using a plate compactor with a vibration force of 2.2kN. 3 The second layer is then laid to a total thickness of 2.7cm, and finally compacted to a density of 1.32g / cm³. 3 The relative humidity of the construction environment should be controlled below 68%. After compaction, use 100cm [unclear text - possibly a type of fertilizer or spray] for every 20 meters of trench length. 3 The density of 3 points was randomly measured using a ring cutter.

[0066] When the density variation coefficient at the test point is >5%, correction is performed on the under-dense section, specifically as follows: 1) Define the unqualified section: A circular area with a radius of 15cm is drawn outwards from the density test point (if multiple points are adjacent, they are merged into a continuous area); 2) Material handling: Scrape off all material in this section (including the isolation layer and potentially disturbed underlying soil), and mix the removed material with nano-modified bentonite (specific surface area ≥350m²). 2 / g) Mix to form a mixture, with bentonite added at 8% of the dry weight of the removed material; 3) Moisture content adjustment: Spray atomized water onto the mixture to adjust the overall moisture content to 13.5±0.5% (a portable microwave moisture meter can be used for real-time monitoring); 4) Remolding construction: ① Initial laying thickness 1.5-2cm, pre-compacted to a density of 1.20-1.25g / cm³. 3 ② Continue laying until the target thickness is reached, and finally compact to 1.25-1.35 g / cm³. 3;5) Maintenance and re-inspection: Cover with permeable non-woven fabric and allow to stand for ≥1 hour; add 2 re-inspection points around the original test point, and the coefficient of variation ≤5% is considered qualified.

[0067] After passing the inspection, spray atomized water (0.5L / m³). 2 Stable structure.

[0068] This technical solution ensures the uniformity of the physical isolation layer density through layered compaction and dynamic correction processes. Precisely controlled moisture content and compaction parameters minimize soil structure damage, while bentonite correction rapidly restores the isolation layer's function. Ultimately, this achieves uniform water penetration and reduced root growth resistance.

[0069] In another technical solution, the ridge formed in step S3 is a trapezoidal structure with a top width of 40cm, a bottom width of 60cm, and a height of 20cm, with the slope angle on both sides controlled at 45±2°. When planting seed tubers on this ridge, an acidity-guided positioning method is implemented, which specifically includes: planting the seed tubers with the buds facing upwards above the isolation layer, using geotropism to guide the primary root system to extend vertically downwards; controlling the distance between the bottom of the tuber and the isolation layer to be 0.6-0.8 times the diameter of the seed tuber; and constructing longitudinal water-guiding channels along the slopes on both sides of the ridge, with a channel depth of 3cm and a channel spacing of 40cm.

[0070] In the above technical solution, a ridging machine is used to construct a trapezoidal ridge above the sowing furrow. The cross-sectional dimensions are strictly controlled as follows: top width 40cm ± 1cm, bottom width 60cm ± 1cm, and ridge height 20cm ± 0.5cm. The slope angle on both sides is adjusted to 44.5° ± 0.5°, calibrated in real time using a laser slope meter. The ridge compaction requires a soil bulk density of 1.25g / cm³ at a depth of 10cm. 3 ±0.05g / cm 3 .

[0071] Select bulbils of Amorphophallus konjac with a diameter of 6cm ± 0.5cm, and calculate the positioning height (diameter × 0.7) after measuring their diameter. Place the bulbils 4.2cm above the surface of the physical isolation layer, ensuring the buds are vertically upward. Use a planting board to assist in positioning, maintaining a distance of 4.2cm ± 0.3cm between the bottom plane of the tuber and the isolation layer. When covering with soil, prioritize backfilling with fine loam soil with a particle size ≤ 3mm to cover the buds.

[0072] Excavate longitudinal drainage channels along both sides of the ridge at intervals of 40cm ± 1cm. Use a V-shaped trencher (60° cutting edge) for construction. The trench depth is 3.0cm ± 0.2cm, the bottom width is 2.0cm ± 0.1cm, and the trench wall inclination angle is 45°. After trenching, remove loose soil from the trench to ensure that the trench is unobstructed.

[0073] This technical solution optimizes root growth space through standardized ridge construction and precise positioning. The trapezoidal structure enhances erosion resistance, while the drainage channel effectively diverts surface runoff. The seed tuber's positioning height matches the root system's geotropism, promoting rapid absorption of nutrients released from the sulfur and phosphorus layer.

[0074] In another technical solution, the specific operation of topdressing during the leaf expansion stage in step S4 is as follows: Premix potassium sulfate and calcium humate at a mass ratio of 5:1, add 0.5% chitosan solution as a binder to form composite granules with a particle size of 2-3 mm; dig a 10 cm deep circular trench 15 cm away from the base of the konjac plant, evenly apply 60-80 kg / mu of composite granules, cover with soil, and then irrigate with a drip irrigation system at a depth of 5 m... 3 / acre of water volume is activated and released.

[0075] In the above technical solution, commercially available potassium sulfate (K2O≥50%) and calcium humate powder are added to a horizontal mixer at a mass ratio of 5:1. A chitosan solution (concentration 0.5%) at 0.5% of the potassium sulfate mass is added, and the mixture is stirred at 45 rpm for 15 minutes. The mixture is then granulated into composite particles with a particle size of 2.5 mm ± 0.3 mm using a roller granulator and dried in an oven at 50℃ ± 2℃ until the moisture content is ≤ 3%.

[0076] During the leaf expansion stage of konjac (30 days after emergence), dig a closed-loop trench 10cm±0.5cm deep and 8cm wide, 15cm±1cm away from the base of the plant, using a circular trencher. Apply 70kg of compound granules per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) (quantitatively packaged using an electronic scale), manually and evenly spreading it into the trench before covering with soil. The soil covering should be 5cm±1cm thick, avoiding exposing the granules.

[0077] Immediately after fertilization, connect the drip irrigation system, using drippers with a flow rate of 2 liters / hour, and irrigate at a uniform rate of 5 cubic meters per acre. Control the drip irrigation time to 60 minutes ± 5 minutes, so that the wetting front depth reaches 20cm ± 2cm.

[0078] This technical solution promotes potassium migration to the root zone through the synergistic effect of composite granular slow-release and furrow application with drip irrigation. Calcium humate reduces soil fixation, while chitosan slows nutrient release. Concentrated fertilization in circular furrows increases local nutrient concentration, and drip irrigation activates and accelerates potassium ion diffusion. Ultimately, this achieves efficient potassium utilization during the leaf expansion stage.

[0079] In another technical solution, the application of potassium sulfate during the tuber enlargement stage in step S4 is carried out as follows:

[0080] Dig concentric double-ring trenches centered on the base of the plant. The inner ring trench is 30cm in diameter and 10cm deep, while the outer ring trench is 50cm in diameter and 15cm deep. Apply 65kg of potassium sulfate per mu (667 square meters) in a 3:7 mass ratio, with 20kg applied to the inner ring trench along with 5kg of calcium humate per mu, and 45kg applied to the outer ring trench. Immediately after fertilization, cover with a 2cm thick layer of rice husks and implement alternating wet and dry irrigation through a pulse irrigation system: during the irrigation period, apply water at 15m... 3 Water is applied per acre to saturate the furrow to 2 / 3 of its depth. During the water control period, the soil moisture content is maintained at 18-20% for 5 consecutive days, and this process is repeated 3 times.

[0081] In the above technical solution, during the tuber enlargement stage of konjac (90 days after emergence), a concentric double-ring trencher is used, centered on the base of the plant, as follows: the inner ring trench has a diameter of 30cm±1cm and a depth of 10cm±0.5cm; the outer ring trench has a diameter of 50cm±1cm and a depth of 15cm±0.5cm. A total of 65kg of potassium sulfate (K2O≥50%) per mu is applied in a 3:7 ratio: 20kg + 5kg / mu of calcium humate is applied to the inner ring trench, and 45kg / mu is applied to the outer ring trench. The fertilizer is manually and evenly spread into the bottom of the trench and then covered with soil.

[0082] Immediately after fertilization, cover the furrow surface with a layer of dry rice husks, 2.0cm ± 0.2cm thick, extending 10cm beyond the outer edge of the outer ring furrow. Connect to a pulse irrigation system and implement alternating wet and dry cycles as follows: Irrigation period: Irrigate at 15 cubic meters per acre, ensuring the water reaches 2 / 3 of the furrow depth (approximately 10cm); Water control period: Stop irrigation for 5 days, maintaining soil moisture content at 18%-20% (monitored using a tensiometer). Repeat the above cycle 3 times, with each cycle lasting 7 days.

[0083] During the water control period, monitor the soil moisture content at a depth of 15cm below the surface daily. If the moisture content is below 18%, end the water control period early; if it is above 20%, open the drainage channel to drain the water. Clean the accumulated rice husks in the drainage channel after each cycle.

[0084] It should be noted that during actual irrigation, both pulse irrigation and drip irrigation systems can be set up simultaneously to meet the needs of both. The pulse irrigation system and the drip irrigation system adopt a switchable pipeline network architecture, as follows: the main pipeline is buried at a depth of 40cm and connected to a three-way valve (valve position code ① drip irrigation mode / ② pulse mode); when drip irrigation mode is activated: connect the drip irrigation tape of the drip irrigation system (drip hole spacing 30cm, flow rate 1.8L / h), according to 5m... 3 / mu water volume operation; when pulse mode is activated: switch to the bottom micro-spray unit (spray angle 30°) and the canopy atomization system (droplet size 80-120μm), and operate according to the set water volume parameters; between mode switching intervals, perform pipeline flushing: use 0.2MPa pressure water to backflush for 30 seconds to remove fertilizer residue.

[0085] This technical solution matches the tuber enlargement needs with spatially graded fertilization. An inner ring of calcium humate promotes potassium absorption, while an outer ring ensures a continuous potassium supply. Rice husk mulching inhibits water evaporation, and pulsed irrigation induces tuber osmotic pressure regulation. This achieves efficient potassium utilization and tuber dry matter accumulation.

[0086] In another technical solution, in step S5, field treatment is carried out immediately after the konjac tubers are harvested in late October. The field treatment specifically includes the following steps:

[0087] C1. Remove residual roots: Use a four-pronged rake to dig 15-20cm deep and remove all residual konjac roots, tuber fragments and diseased plant parts with a diameter ≥0.5cm from the field. Ensure that there are no significant residues in the main root area. Remove the removed materials and dispose of them properly outside the field.

[0088] C2. Apply base fertilizer: After removing the residue, evenly spread fully decomposed cow manure on the soil surface, with the application rate controlled within the range of 3-5 tons / acre; fully decomposed cow manure is odorless, soft in texture, and dark brown in color.

[0089] C3. Deep tillage: Use a rotary tiller or moldboard plow for deep tillage, with a strict depth of 25±2cm. During tillage, the bottom soil should be turned to the surface and the spread cow manure should be fully mixed into the entire tillage layer. After tillage, the soil should be kept in large clumps or strips, without breaking it up or leveling it.

[0090] C4. Overwintering maturation: After the above treatment, the fields are kept in the rough soil surface state after plowing for overwintering.

[0091] In the above technical solution, within 24 hours after harvesting konjac corms, a four-pronged rake (8cm tooth spacing, 25cm tooth length) is used to dig the soil to a depth of 20cm ± 1cm. All residual rhizomes, corm fragments, and diseased plant debris with a diameter ≥ 0.5cm are manually sieved and removed. The removed material is placed in a sealed container and removed from the field. A second digging is performed on the main rhizome area (within a 15cm radius of the plant base) to verify that no visible residue remains.

[0092] Immediately after clearing, evenly spread well-rotted cow manure on the field surface (judgment criteria: dark brown, no ammonia odor, fiber length ≤1cm, moisture content 28%±2%), at a rate of 4 tons±0.2 tons per mu. Perform deep plowing using a rotary tiller (drum speed 280 rpm), strictly controlling the depth to 25cm±1cm. During plowing, ensure the subsoil is brought to the surface, and the cow manure is thoroughly mixed with the soil, forming clods 15-30cm long; do not harrow.

[0093] After tilling, leave the surface ridges in their natural state without any leveling or compaction. When the average daily temperature in winter is consistently ≤0℃, record the number of freeze-thaw cycles (single cycle: daily maximum temperature ≥3℃ and minimum temperature ≤-5℃). Utilize natural precipitation (rain / snow) to moisten the soil until the freeze-thaw ends in early March of the following year.

[0094] This technical solution interrupts the pathogen transmission chain by thoroughly removing diseased plant debris, and deep plowing with well-rotted cow manure promotes soil aggregation. Winter freeze-thaw cycles increase the breakage rate of large soil clods and optimize pore structure, while low temperatures inhibit the activity of soil-borne pathogens. This creates a loose and fertile soil environment for the following year's crop rotation.

[0095] In another technical solution, the method for laying the premixed sulfur-phosphorus layer in step A1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0096] A11. Add the ultra-finely pulverized sulfur powder and phosphate fertilizer to the double-spiral conical mixer at a mass ratio of 1:0.3-0.5;

[0097] A12. Add 0.5% by weight of sulfur powder as an acidification accelerator, wherein the acidification accelerator is a powder of ferrous sulfate and citric acid in a 2:1 ratio.

[0098] A13. Mix at 20 r / min for 15 min;

[0099] A14. A layered laying process is adopted: First, lay a 50% thickness of the mixture, and compact it with a light plate compactor to a density of 1.30±0.05 g / cm³. 3 Then lay the remaining material to a total thickness of 3-5cm, keeping it in a naturally loose state.

[0100] In the above technical solution, commercially available sulfur powder is processed to a particle size ≤0.15 mm using an air jet mill (D90 value determined by sieving). 100 kg of this sulfur powder and 40 kg of superphosphate (mass ratio 1:0.4) are then added to a double-helix conical mixer. 0.5 kg of acidification accelerator (a powder of ferrous sulfate and citric acid in a 2:1 ratio, with a fineness ≥100 mesh) is added. The mixer is run at 20 rpm for 15 minutes, and after stopping, the mixture is allowed to stand for 5 minutes before being discharged.

[0101] First, lay 50% (approximately 70 kg) of the total mixture at the bottom of the sowing furrow, and compact it using a plate tamper with a vibration force of 3.5 kN, tamping it three times to achieve a bulk density of 1.30 g / cm³. 3 ±0.03g / cm 3 (Ring cutter method for testing). Then lay the remaining mixture to a total thickness of 4.0cm ± 0.3cm, maintaining a naturally loose state (bulk density 0.85-0.90g / cm³). 3 Clean up any loose material that has fallen onto the trench walls after laying the trench.

[0102] For every 50 meters of trench length, three points are randomly selected to check the thickness of the sulfur and phosphorus layer, with an allowable deviation of ±0.5 cm; for the compacted bottom layer, 100 cm is taken at each point. 3 The sample's bulk density exceeded 1.27-1.33 g / cm³. 3 When the pressure is applied within the specified range, it should be adjusted by adding pressure or loosening the layer. The porosity of the loose layer is tested by a penetration resistance gauge; a penetration resistance ≤15N is considered acceptable.

[0103] This technical solution achieves a stable and controllable sulfur oxidation rate through precise mixing and layered laying. A compacted bottom layer maintains structural stability, while a loose surface layer ensures oxygen diffusion. An acidification accelerator accelerates the generation of effective acid radicals, maintaining the pH value of the micro-zone at the bottom of the trench within the target range during the konjac's growth period.

[0104] <Example 1>

[0105] This experiment was conducted in farmland in Huaiyang District, Zhoukou City, Henan Province. Winter wheat variety Zhengmai 379 was sown on October 5th with a row spacing of 20cm, a sowing depth of 3-4cm, and a sowing rate of 14kg / mu. Harvesting was carried out by combine harvester on June 5th of the following year, leaving a stubble height ≤15cm. Within 3 days of harvest, the straw was shredded to a length ≤5cm and mixed with 60kg / mu of sulfur powder. Deep plowing and furrow digging were completed using a combined tillage unit, with a plowing depth of 28cm. Furrows were dug with a row spacing of 60cm, a depth of 15cm, and a bottom width of 20cm. 15kg / mu of superphosphate was applied to the bottom of the furrows, and 20kg / mu of sulfur powder (particle size ≤0.5mm) was used as a cover. In this example, the total sulfur powder application rate was 80kg / mu. The actual test results show the relationship between the total sulfur application and soil pH as shown in Table 1.

[0106] Table 1. Results of the determination of the response relationship between total sulfur application and soil pH.

[0107] Total sulfur content (kg / mu) Day 0 pH pH on day 5 Day 10 pH 0 7.85±0.10 7.80±0.15 7.78±0.13 40 7.83±0.11 7.22±0.25 6.83±0.28 60 7.87±0.09 6.72±0.22 6.15±0.19 80 7.81±0.12 6.33±0.27 5.82±0.24 100 7.84±0.08 5.95±0.30 5.48±0.27

[0108] On June 12th, transplanted bulbils of Amorphophallus konjac (each weighing 50g to 80g) with a plant spacing of 40cm and the buds facing upwards. Cover with soil to form a trapezoidal ridge: ridge height 20cm, top width 40cm, bottom width 60cm.

[0109] Thirty days after konjac seedlings emerge (leaf expansion stage), dig a 10cm deep circular trench 15cm from the base of the plant, apply 70kg / acre of potassium sulfate, and cover with soil. Use a drip irrigation system with a 5m... 3Irrigate with water per mu (unit of land area). 90 days after emergence (tuber enlargement period), dig concentric double-ring trenches: inner ring diameter 30cm, depth 10cm; outer ring diameter 50cm, depth 15cm; apply 20kg / mu of potassium sulfate + 5kg / mu of calcium humate to the inner ring, and 45kg / mu of potassium sulfate to the outer ring. After fertilization, cover with a 2cm layer of rice husks. Harvest konjac on October 25th. Use a four-pronged harrow to dig 20cm deep to remove any remaining roots ≥0.5cm, apply 4t / mu of well-rotted cow manure, and deep plow 25cm using a rotary tiller for overwintering. Sow winter wheat on October 5th of the following year.

[0110] Compared with existing technologies: The closest to existing technologies is the conventional crop rotation model in the Central Plains. Traditional methods involve deep plowing directly after wheat harvest without crushing the straw, leading to a 12%-15% decrease in soil porosity and an increased rate of konjac seed rot. This implementation involves crushing the straw and mixing it with 60 kg / mu of sulfur powder during deep plowing. The sulfur is oxidized by microorganisms to produce sulfuric acid, significantly improving soil pH within 10 days, making it suitable for konjac cultivation. Simultaneously, it increases soil porosity and reduces the rate of seed rot.

[0111] Traditional methods involve applying 15 kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer at the bottom of the furrow, resulting in only 5 mg / kg of available phosphorus in the soil. In this embodiment, phosphate fertilizer and sulfur powder are applied in layers, activating and fixing phosphorus with sulfur, increasing available phosphorus to 20.5 mg / kg. Existing technology involves applying 100 kg / mu of potassium sulfate during the fruit enlargement stage, resulting in an average daily potassium uptake of 0.18 kg / mu. This method, however, involves deep application of 70 kg / mu of potassium sulfate in a circular furrow during the leaf expansion stage, combined with tiered fertilization in a double-ring furrow during the fruit enlargement stage, achieving an average daily potassium uptake of 0.28 kg / mu.

[0112] Traditionally, shallow tilling to a depth of 15cm after harvest results in residual root systems causing a 49% incidence of soft rot the following year. This method, however, involves deep tilling to a depth of 25cm to remove residue, combined with winter freeze-thaw cycles, which inactivates over 87% of pathogens, reducing the incidence of soft rot to 11%.

[0113] <Example 2>

[0114] Based on Example 1:

[0115] After wheat harvest, sulfur powder is processed into ultrafine pulverizers to a particle size ≤0.15mm, and then fed into a double-spiral conical mixer at a mass ratio of 1:0.4 with superphosphate. 0.5% (by weight of sulfur powder) of an acidification accelerator (ferrous sulfate:citric acid = 2:1) is added. The mixer is run at 20 rpm for 15 minutes before discharging. 50% of the mixture is laid at the bottom of the sowing furrow and compacted with a 3.5kN plate compactor to a bulk density of 1.30±0.03g / cm³. 3 Then lay the remaining material to a total thickness of 4cm, keeping it loose.

[0116] Mix fine loam soil (≤2mm topsoil) with calcium humate at a mass ratio of 10:1, and adjust the moisture content to 13%. Apply in two layers: the first layer is 1.8cm thick and pre-compacted to a density of 1.22g / cm³. 3Add to a total thickness of 2.5cm, and finally compress to 1.30g / cm³. 3 With ambient humidity ≤65%, density was measured at 3 random points every 20m of trench length.

[0117] Tests showed that the density at test point 3 was 1.25 g / cm³. 3 (Target 1.32g / cm) 3 The area was defined as a circular repair zone with a radius of 15cm (area 0.07m²). 2 6.3 kg (dry weight) of material was scraped off, and 504 g of nano-bentonite (specific surface area 380 m²) was added. 2 / g). The initial moisture content of the mixture was 10.2%, which reached 13.5% after spraying 182ml of deionized water. After backfilling in layers and standing for 65 minutes, the density was retested and found to be 1.32g / cm³. 3 (Coefficient of variation < 5%).

[0118] Place the seed tuber 6cm above the surface of the isolation layer, with the bud facing upwards. Cover with soil to construct a trapezoidal ridge: 40cm wide at the top, 60cm wide at the bottom, 20cm high, and with a slope angle of 44°. Along the slope, dig longitudinal drainage channels every 40cm, 3cm deep and 2cm wide at the bottom.

[0119] Compared to existing technologies: Conventional methods use >0.5mm sulfur powder directly mixed in, resulting in an acidification delay of >20 days. This implementation uses 0.15mm ultrafine sulfur in combination with an acidification accelerator, adjusting the pH of the furrow bottom to slightly acidic within 10 days. Traditional methods without an isolation layer lead to a root burn rate >18%, while the three-layer structure of this implementation reduces the root burn rate to 2%. Existing ridging slopes are often >50°, resulting in soil and water loss of 8.5t / mu; this scheme, with a 44° inclination angle and a drainage channel design, controls soil and water loss to 3.2t / mu.

[0120] Traditionally, a single vibration compaction method is used to achieve a compaction density of 1.30 g / cm³. 3 The allowable deviation of moisture content is ±3%, resulting in a density variation coefficient of 12%-18% for the isolation layer and a permeability fluctuation range of 15-45 mm / h. This implementation involves two-stage compaction (pre-compaction 1.23 g / cm³). 3 Final pressure 1.32 g / cm³ 3 Strictly control the moisture content to 13% ± 0.5%, ensuring the coefficient of variation is ≤ 5% and the permeability is stable at 28 ± 2 mm / h.

[0121] Existing technologies simply add soil and apply heavy compaction to areas with insufficient density, leading to secondary compaction and increasing root penetration resistance to 1.8 MPa. This innovative solution uses bentonite modification to significantly improve the compressive strength of the remolded zone. After traditional compaction, the horizontal displacement rate of konjac roots is >35%, while the homogeneity of the isolation layer in this technology increases the vertical root penetration rate to 92%.

[0122] <Example 3>

[0123] Based on Example 2:

[0124] Trapezoidal ridges were constructed using a ridging machine: top width 40cm ± 1cm, bottom width 60cm ± 1cm, ridge height 20cm ± 0.5cm, and slope angles of 45.0° ± 0.5° on both sides (calibrated with a laser slope meter). The bulk density of the top 10cm soil layer was controlled at 1.25g / cm³. 3 ±0.05g / cm 3 .

[0125] Select Amorphophallus konjac seed tubers with a diameter of 6.0cm ± 0.2cm, and plant them at a height of 4.5cm (diameter × 0.75). Plant the seed tubers 4.5cm above the surface of the physical isolation layer, with the buds facing vertically upwards. The distance between the bottom plane of the tuber and the isolation layer should be ≤0.3cm. Cover the buds with fine loam soil with a particle size ≤3mm. Dig longitudinal drainage channels every 40cm ± 1cm along the slope of the ridge: use a 60° V-shaped grooving tool, with a channel depth of 3.0cm ± 0.2cm, a bottom width of 2.0cm ± 0.1cm, and a channel wall inclination angle of 45°. After grooving, remove the loose soil from the channel and test the water flow rate to ≥0.5m / s.

[0126] Compared with existing technologies: The closest existing technology is conventional straight-line ridge planting. Traditional ridges have a slope angle of 55°-60°, resulting in soil erosion of 6.8 tons per acre due to heavy rain and a ridge collapse rate of 23%. This proposed 45° trapezoidal structure reduces runoff shear force by 40%, controls soil erosion to 2.3 tons per acre, and improves structural stability by 3.2 times.

[0127] Existing techniques involve randomly burying seed potatoes at a depth of 8-12cm, resulting in a root horizontal deviation rate of >65%, and requiring 18 days to reach the acidified zone. This implementation precisely controls the planting height to 4.5cm, utilizing geotropism to achieve a root vertical downward penetration rate of 2.1cm / day, reaching the sulfur and phosphorus layer in 9 days, and increasing seedling biomass accumulation by 28%.

[0128] Traditional slopes lack drainage measures, resulting in water accumulation on the ridges for more than 6 hours after rainfall, significantly increasing the incidence of root rot. This technology uses drainage channels (3cm deep / 40cm spacing) to drain water in ≤1.5 hours, greatly reducing the incidence of root rot. The 45° inclination of the channels reduces soil siltation by 90%, and the maintenance frequency is reduced from 3 times per season to once.

[0129] <Example 4>

[0130] Based on Example 1:

[0131] Potassium sulfate (K₂O ≥ 50%) and calcium humate were added to a horizontal mixer at a mass ratio of 5:1. A 0.5% chitosan solution (0.5% by weight of potassium sulfate) was also added. The mixture was stirred at 45 rpm for 15 minutes, then granulated using a roller mill to form particles with a diameter of 2.5 mm ± 0.3 mm. The particles were dried at 50℃ ± 2℃ until the moisture content was ≤ 3%. At the leaf expansion stage of the konjac plant (30 days after emergence), a closed-loop trench 10 cm ± 0.5 cm deep and 8 cm wide was dug 15 cm ± 1 cm from the base of the plant using a circular trencher. 70 kg of compound granules were applied per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), evenly spread manually, and then covered with 5 cm ± 1 cm of soil. A drip irrigation system was connected, using a 2 L / h dripper, with a 5 m... 3 Irrigate at a constant rate of 60 min ± 5 min with a water volume of / mu, and the depth of the wetting front reaches 20 cm ± 2 cm.

[0132] Compared with existing technologies: The closest to existing technologies is traditional broadcast fertilization. Conventional methods involve directly spreading ordinary potassium sulfate on the soil surface. After irrigation, 30% of the potassium is fixed by the soil, and 25% is lost with runoff, resulting in a utilization rate of only 42% for the current season. This implementation, through compound granules and deep application via circular trenches, achieved the following technical effects: calcium humate reduced the potassium fixation rate to 12%; chitosan slow-release membranes controlled the daily potassium release at 1.8 kg / mu, matching the continuous demand during the leaf expansion period; and centralized supply via circular trenches achieved a rhizosphere available potassium concentration of 150 mg / kg (compared to 80 mg / kg using traditional methods).

[0133] <Example 5>

[0134] Based on Example 1:

[0135] Ninety days after konjac seedling emergence (tuber enlargement period), dig concentric double-ring trenches centered on the base of the plant: the inner ring diameter is 30cm±1cm, and the depth is 10cm±0.5cm; the outer ring diameter is 50cm±1cm, and the depth is 15cm±0.5cm. Apply a total of 65kg / mu of potassium sulfate (K2O≥50%) in stages: 20kg / mu for the inner ring and 5kg / mu for the outer ring, and 45kg / mu for the outer ring, into the bottom of the trench, then cover with soil and compact. Immediately after fertilization, cover with a layer of dry rice husks, 2.0cm±0.2cm thick, extending 10cm beyond the outer edge of the outer ring trench. Connect to a pulse irrigation system for regulation: During irrigation: at 15m... 3 Irrigate with water per acre, soaking to a depth of 10cm (2 / 3 of the furrow depth); Water control period: stop irrigation for 5 days, maintaining soil moisture content at 15cm below the surface at 18%-20% (monitored by tensiometer). Repeat the cycle 3 times, for a total cycle of 21 days. Clean the silt from the drainage channel at the end of each cycle.

[0136] Compared with existing technologies: The closest to existing technologies is single-ditch one-time fertilization. The traditional method involves digging a single trench (40cm in diameter and 15cm in depth) and applying 65kg of potassium sulfate at once, which results in: potassium concentration >200mg / kg in the early stage, causing salt stress and a root burn rate of 28%; potassium concentration <50mg / kg in the later stage of fruit enlargement, with an average daily absorption of only 0.18kg / acre.

[0137] In this embodiment, the double-ring trench hierarchical regulation enables the inner ring calcium humate to enhance the rhizosphere potassium activity, with the concentration stabilized at 120 mg / kg, and the root burn rate reduced to 4%; the outer ring slow-release potassium supply enables the average daily absorption to reach 0.33 kg / mu in the later stage of fruit enlargement; rice husk covering reduces water evaporation by 40%, and the soil moisture content fluctuation range is narrowed from the traditional ±8% to ±2%.

[0138] Traditional flood irrigation results in a 35% potassium loss rate at the bottom of the furrow. This technology uses pulse irrigation (3 alternating wet and dry periods) to induce tuber osmotic pressure regulation: during the wet period (25% water content), potassium ions diffuse to the tubers; during the dry period (18% water content), the active potassium uptake mechanism of the tubers is activated.

[0139] <Example 6>

[0140] Based on Example 1:

[0141] Within 24 hours of harvesting konjac tubers on October 28th, use a four-pronged rake (25cm teeth, 8cm tooth spacing) to deeply till the soil to a depth of 20cm ± 1cm. Manually sift and remove all residual rhizomes, tuber fragments, and diseased plant debris ≥ 0.5cm in length. Perform a second tilling and verification on a 15cm radius area around the base of the plant. Seal and remove all debris from the field. Evenly spread well-rotted cow manure (dark brown, ammonia-free, fiber length ≤ 1cm, moisture content 28% ± 2%) on the field surface at a rate of 4t ± 0.2t per mu. Use a rotary tiller (280r / min) to deeply till to a depth of 25cm ± 1cm, ensuring the bottom soil is brought to the surface. The cow manure should be mixed with the soil to form ridges 15-30cm long. Maintain these ridges for overwintering; do not level the soil.

[0142] When the average daily temperature in winter is ≤0℃, record the freeze-thaw cycle (single cycle defined as: daily maximum temperature ≥3℃ and minimum temperature ≤-5℃). Use natural precipitation to soak the soil, and test the soil structure when the freeze-thaw ends on March 5 of the following year.

[0143] Compared with existing technologies: The closest to existing technologies is conventional shallow tillage and clearing. Traditional operations only remove visible plant debris on the surface, with a tillage depth of ≤15cm, which has the following problems: ≥0.5cm of residual rootstock remains up to 35kg / mu; the overwintering survival rate of sweet potato hawk moth pupae is 25%; and the base population of root rot pathogens remains at 10... 4 CFU / g.

[0144] In this embodiment, through 20cm deep tillage with a four-pronged harrow and secondary verification, the residue removal rate was >99.5%, and the pathogen carrier was reduced by 98%. Deep tillage of 25cm formed a ridge structure, increasing the freeze-thaw cycle efficiency by 3 times (compared to only 2 times for traditional leveling plots), and increasing the proportion of soil aggregates >0.25mm from 32% to 45%. The incidence of konjac soft rot the following year using traditional methods was 38%, while this technology reduced it to 11%. Rotary deep tillage stabilized the soil bulk density at 1.25g / cm³. 3 The bulk density of traditional shallow tillage areas reaches 1.40 g / cm³. 3 .

[0145] <Example 7>

[0146] Based on Example 2:

[0147] Sulfur powder was processed by an air jet mill to a particle size ≤0.15mm (D90 = 0.12mm as measured by a laser particle size analyzer), and then fed into a double-spiral conical mixer at a mass ratio of 1:0.4 with superphosphate (available P2O5 ≥16%). 0.5% of an acidification accelerator (ferrous sulfate:citric acid = 2:1 compound powder, fineness ≥100 mesh) was added by mass of the sulfur powder. The mixer was run at 20 rpm for 15 minutes, and then allowed to stand for 5 minutes before discharging.

[0148] Layered laying at the bottom of the sowing furrow: 1. Bottom layer: Lay 50% mixture (approximately 70 kg / mu), compact it three times with a 3.5 kN vibratory plate compactor until the bulk density is 1.30 ± 0.03 g / cm³. 3 (Ring cutter method test); 2. Surface layer: Lay the remaining material to a total thickness of 4.0±0.3cm, maintaining a naturally loose state (bulk density 0.85-0.90g / cm³). 3 Three points were randomly sampled for every 50m of trench length: the allowable deviation of the bottom layer bulk density was ±0.02g / cm³. 3 The penetration resistance of the loose layer is ≤15N.

[0149] Compared with existing technologies: The closest to existing technologies is the conventional sulfur and phosphate fertilizer trench application method. The traditional operation involves manually mixing ordinary sulfur powder (particle size > 0.5 mm) with superphosphate and then laying it in a whole layer. This method has the following problems: the pH at the bottom of the trench is still > 7.0 during the konjac seedling stage; the pH fluctuation range is ±0.8, and the incidence of root acid stress is 35%.

[0150] In this embodiment, the specific surface area of ​​0.15mm sulfur reaches 380m². 2 / kg, combined with iron-citric acid catalysis, the acid production is 4.5 mol / kg within 10 days, and the pH during the seedling stage is stable at 5.6±0.2; the sulfur utilization rate of traditional methods is ≤50%, while this technology reaches 88%, reducing sulfur input by 17 kg per mu. The effective action period of the sulfur-phosphorus layer is extended from the traditional 45 days to 110 days, covering the entire growth period of konjac.

[0151] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and embodiments shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A method for efficient crop rotation of winter wheat and Amorphophallus bulbifera in the Central Plains region, characterized in that, This includes the following time-series coordination and soil improvement steps: S1. Winter wheat is sown in early October and harvested in early June of the following year; S2. Within 5 days after wheat harvest, crush the straw, mix the crushed straw with sulfur powder, and deep plow it back into the field to a depth of 25-30cm. Dig sowing furrows 15cm deep and 20cm wide at a row spacing of 60cm. Apply 15kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer to the bottom of the furrows and apply sulfur powder on top of the phosphate fertilizer. The amount of sulfur powder applied on the phosphate fertilizer should be 2-2.5 times that of the sulfur powder mixed with the straw. The total amount of sulfur powder applied in the two applications should be 50-100kg / mu. S3. Before June 15, place the bulbils of golden konjac seed tubers in the planting furrow, with a plant spacing of 40cm, cover with soil and make ridges, with a ridge height of 20cm. S4. After the konjac seedlings emerge, apply potassium sulfate twice: 60-80 kg / mu of potassium sulfate during the leaf expansion stage and 60-70 kg / mu of potassium sulfate during the tuber enlargement stage. S5. Konjac is harvested in late October. After removing the remaining roots, apply 3-5 tons / acre of well-rotted cow manure and plow to a depth of 25cm for overwintering. S6. Winter wheat is planted in early October of the following year according to standard procedures. In step S2, the sulfur powder applied to the bottom of the trench is ultra-finely pulverized to a particle size ≤0.15mm and premixed with phosphate fertilizer at a mass ratio of 1:0.3-0.5 to form a sulfur-phosphate layer; after the sowing trench is excavated, the following steps are performed sequentially: A1. Lay a premixed sulfur-phosphorus layer at the bottom of the trench, with a thickness of 3-5cm; A2. Cover with 2-3cm of fine soil to form a physical isolation layer; A3. Plant the seed tubers 5-8cm above the isolation layer; The fine soil in step A2 is prepared by mixing topsoil with a particle size ≤2mm and calcium humate at a mass ratio of 10:

1. The prepared fine soil is laid in two layers. The first layer is 1.5-2cm thick, and then pre-compacted to a density of 1.20-1.25g / cm³ using a flat vibratory compactor. 3 The second layer is then laid to the target thickness and finally compacted to a density of 1.25-1.35 g / cm³. 3 Among them, the moisture content of fine soil should be controlled at 12-14% during preparation, and the relative humidity of the compaction environment should be ≤70%. After compaction, the density of 3 points should be randomly checked every 20 linear meters of trench length using the ring cutter method. The measured value with a coefficient of variation of ≤5% is considered qualified. When the variation coefficient of the physical isolation layer density is greater than 5%, scrape off the unqualified section of material, add 8% of the mass of the scraped material with nano-modified bentonite, adjust the moisture content to 13.5±0.5%, and then re-compact in layers until the variation coefficient of the re-inspection is ≤5%; where, the under-density volume = the difference between the target density and the measured density × the volume of the ring cutter. The specific operation of topdressing during the leaf expansion stage in step S4 is as follows: Premix potassium sulfate and calcium humate at a mass ratio of 5:1, add 0.5% chitosan solution as a binder to make composite granules with a particle size of 2-3mm; dig a 10cm deep circular trench 15cm away from the base of the konjac plant, apply 60-80kg / mu of composite granules evenly, cover with soil, and activate and release through a drip irrigation system with a water volume of 5m³ / mu; The method for applying potassium sulfate during the tuber enlargement stage in step S4 is as follows: Dig concentric double-ring trenches centered on the base of the plant. The inner ring trench is 30cm in diameter and 10cm deep, while the outer ring trench is 50cm in diameter and 15cm deep. Apply 65kg of potassium sulfate per mu (667 square meters) in a 3:7 mass ratio, with 20kg applied to the inner ring trench along with 5kg of calcium humate per mu, and 45kg applied to the outer ring trench. Immediately after fertilization, cover with a 2cm thick layer of rice husks and implement alternating wet and dry irrigation through a pulse irrigation system: during the irrigation period, apply water at 15m... 3 Water is applied per acre to saturate the furrow to 2 / 3 of its depth. During the water control period, the soil moisture content is maintained at 18-20% for 5 consecutive days, and this process is repeated 3 times.

2. The method for efficient crop rotation of winter wheat and Amorphophallus bulbifera in the Central Plains region as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ridge formed in step S3 is a trapezoidal structure with a top width of 40cm, a bottom width of 60cm, and a height of 20cm, with the slope angle on both sides controlled at 45±2°. When planting seed tubers on this ridge, the acidity-guided positioning method is implemented, which specifically includes: planting the seed tubers with the buds facing upwards above the isolation layer, using geotropism to guide the primary root system to extend vertically downwards; controlling the distance between the bottom of the tuber and the isolation layer to be 0.6-0.8 times the diameter of the seed tuber; and constructing longitudinal drainage channels along the slopes on both sides of the ridge, with a channel depth of 3cm and a channel spacing of 40cm.

3. The method for efficient crop rotation of winter wheat and Amorphophallus bulbifera in the Central Plains region as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, field treatment is carried out immediately after the konjac tubers are harvested in late October. The field treatment specifically includes the following steps: C1. Remove residual roots: Use a four-pronged rake to dig 15-20cm deep and remove all residual konjac roots, tuber fragments and diseased plant parts with a diameter ≥0.5cm from the field. Ensure that there are no significant residues in the main root area. Remove the removed materials and dispose of them properly outside the field. C2. Apply base fertilizer: After removing the residue, evenly spread fully decomposed cow manure on the soil surface, with the application rate controlled within the range of 3-5 tons / acre; fully decomposed cow manure is odorless, soft in texture, and dark brown in color. C3. Deep tillage: Use a rotary tiller or moldboard plow for deep tillage, with a strict depth of 25±2cm. During tillage, the bottom soil should be turned to the surface and the spread cow manure should be fully mixed into the entire tillage layer. After tillage, the soil should be kept in large clumps or strips, without breaking it up or leveling it. C4. Overwintering maturation: After the above treatment, the fields are kept in the rough soil surface state after plowing for overwintering.

4. The method for efficient crop rotation of winter wheat and Amorphophallus bulbifera in the Central Plains region as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method for laying the premixed sulfur-phosphorus layer in step A1 specifically includes the following steps: A11. Add the ultra-finely pulverized sulfur powder and phosphate fertilizer to the double-spiral conical mixer at a mass ratio of 1:0.3-0.5; A12. Add 0.5% by weight of sulfur powder as an acidification accelerator, wherein the acidification accelerator is a powder of ferrous sulfate and citric acid in a 2:1 ratio. A13. Mix at 20 r / min for 15 min; A14. A layered laying process is adopted: First, lay a 50% thickness of the mixture, and compact it with a light plate compactor to a density of 1.30±0.05 g / cm³. 3 Then lay the remaining material to a total thickness of 3-5cm, keeping it in a naturally loose state.