Light quality, light source, method for promoting high multiplication of soybean and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a light quality and light source for promoting high multiplication of soybeans, a method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soybean breeding. The soybeans planted in different ecological regions in Hainan are subjected to light supplementing operation, and a light source with a specific light spectrum structure is developed. The light supplementing operation using the light source with the specific light spectrum structure can solve the problems of small flower organs, short flowering time, mismatched flowering period and insufficient pollen vitality of the soybeans planted in different ecological regions in Hainan, improves the size of the flower organs, shortens the flowering period (from the emergence period to the initial flowering period), prolongs the flowering time (from the initial flowering period to the pod formation period), provides favorable conditions for the crossbreeding of soybean varieties in different ecological regions, and promotes the high multiplication of the soybeans.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soybean breeding technology, and more specifically to a light quality, light source, method, and application for promoting high-multiplication of soybeans. Background Technology

[0002] Soybeans are an important economic crop belonging to the legume family. Originating in China, soybeans have been cultivated for thousands of years. They are not only a vital food source for humans but also widely used in animal feed, industrial raw materials, and food processing. Soybean hybridization is a crucial method for breeding high-quality soybean varieties. The hybridization process often involves crossing dozens, even hundreds or thousands, of soybean parents from different ecological zones to increase the genetic diversity, stress resistance, and adaptability of the hybrid offspring, thus promoting the rapid expansion and application of new varieties.

[0003] Located in the tropics, Hainan boasts a warm climate and abundant sunshine throughout the year, providing an ideal growing environment for crops. Especially in winter, when most parts of China are unsuitable for agricultural production, Hainan can still cultivate crops, creating excellent conditions for the research and development of various superior new crop varieties. Today, it has become an important base for crop variety breeding in China and a "booster" for modern agricultural technology innovation and new variety breeding.

[0004] However, Hainan faces several unfavorable environmental factors, such as short sunshine hours and minimum temperatures below 20°C from mid-December to mid-January of the following year. These factors negatively impact the hybridization of light- and temperature-sensitive crops like soybeans. Short sunshine hours and low temperatures restrict flowering and fruiting, resulting in smaller flower organs, shorter flowering periods, insufficient pollen viability, or increased pollen weight—all signs of poor fertility. Furthermore, when soybean varieties from different ecological zones are simultaneously planted and hybridized in Hainan, the flowering periods may not coincide. These issues significantly limit soybean reproductive efficiency and reduce the success rate of hybridization in Hainan. Consequently, soybean breeders in Hainan primarily focus on generational breeding and rarely engage in soybean hybridization.

[0005] Therefore, how to adjust the size of the flower organs of soybean plants in short-day regions such as Hainan, adjust the flowering time, promote the convergence of soybean flowering periods in different ecological zones, and promote high-multiplication of soybeans are technical problems that urgently need to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a light quality, light source, method, and application for promoting high-multiplication of soybeans. It provides supplemental lighting for soybeans grown in different ecological zones in Hainan Province and has developed a light source with a specific spectral structure. Using the above-mentioned light source with a specific spectral structure for supplemental lighting can solve problems such as small soybean flower organs, short flowering time, mismatched flowering periods, and insufficient pollen viability. It increases the size of flower organs, shortens the flowering period (emergence period to initial flowering period), and prolongs the flowering duration (initial flowering period to pod formation period), providing favorable conditions for hybridization of soybean varieties in different ecological zones and promoting high-multiplication of soybeans.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A light quality that promotes high-multiplication of soybeans, wherein the spectral structure of the light quality comprises 15-25% far-red light, 35-42% red light, 10-18% green light and 5-15% blue light.

[0009] Furthermore, the wavelength range of the far-red light is 730-750nm; the wavelength range of the red light is 640-680nm; the wavelength range of the green light is 530-560nm; and the wavelength range of the blue light is 460-490nm.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to provide: a light source for promoting high-multiplication of soybeans, wherein the light quality of the light source is as described above; the power of the light source is 38W; and the illumination range of the light source is 200-300μmol / m².s.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting high-multiplication of soybeans in short-day regions, wherein the above-mentioned light source is used to supplement the soybeans with light.

[0012] Furthermore, when the soybean variety is a Northeast China variety, its optimal photoperiod is 18-22h / 24h. Even more specifically, when the soybean variety is a Northeast China variety, its optimal photoperiod is 18h / 24h.

[0013] Furthermore, when the soybean variety is a Northwest variety, its optimal photoperiod is 16-18 hours / 24 hours. Even more specifically, when the soybean variety is a Northwest variety, its optimal photoperiod is 16 hours / 24 hours.

[0014] Furthermore, when the soybean variety is a Huang-Huai variety, its optimal photoperiod is 16-18 hours / 24 hours. Even more specifically, when the soybean variety is a Huang-Huai variety, its optimal photoperiod is 16 hours / 24 hours.

[0015] Furthermore, when the soybean variety is a southern variety, its optimal light exposure time is 14-16h / 24h.

[0016] Furthermore, when the soybean variety is a southern variety, its optimal light exposure time is 14h / 24h.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-described light quality or light source or method in high-multiplication propagation of soybeans and / or soybean hybridization breeding.

[0018] Furthermore, the light quality, light source, or method can improve the size and openness of soybean flower organs, reduce the difficulty of hybridization, and promote high-multiplication reproduction;

[0019] The light quality, light source, or method can also adjust the length of the flowering period and the duration of the flowering.

[0020] The flowering period refers to the period from seedling emergence to initial flowering; the flowering duration refers to the period from initial flowering to pod formation.

[0021] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] This invention provides a light quality, light source, method, and application for promoting high-multiplication soybean reproduction. It involves supplemental lighting of soybeans grown in different ecological zones in Hainan Province and the development of a light source with a specific spectral structure. Using this light source solves problems such as small flower organs, short flowering time, mismatched flowering periods, and insufficient pollen viability in soybeans. It increases flower organ size, shortens the flowering period (emergence to initial flowering), and extends the flowering duration (initial flowering to pod formation), providing favorable conditions for hybridization of soybean varieties from different ecological zones and promoting high-multiplication soybean reproduction. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 The spectral structure ratio of light quality that promotes high-multiplication of soybeans.

[0025] Figure 2 For: Hainan soybean supplemental lighting greenhouse hybridization platform facilities.

[0026] Figure 3For: Comparison of significant differences in flowering period and flowering duration of soybean under different light quality conditions, where A: flowering period, B: flowering duration; Ns: no significant difference *<0.01, **<0.001; ***<0.0001; ****<0.00001.

[0027] Figure 4 For: Comparison of significant differences in flowering time of soybeans under different photoperiods under customized light quality ratios. Note: Significance analysis of differences between different photoperiods and natural light for 14 hours showed extremely significant differences. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Construction of hybridization platform in supplemental lighting greenhouse

[0030] To prolong the flowering period and enlarge the flower organs, thereby reducing hybridization difficulty and improving hybridization efficiency, a light quality ratio was designed based on the light requirements and growth conditions of different soybean tissues and organs. Supplemental lighting greenhouses were constructed using galvanized iron pipes, each approximately 49.0 square meters (7.0m × 7.0m). To increase the duration of illumination, waterproof LED tubes manufactured by Ningbo Yanghui Instrument Co., Ltd. were used as the nighttime supplemental lighting source, suspended by high-load-bearing steel wire. Six tubes were suspended in each greenhouse, with six 1.2m plots planted, spaced 0.5m apart. The light source was positioned 2.5 meters above the ground, equipped with a free-lifting device and a timer control. The tube power was 38W. Illumination control range: 200-30 μmol / m².s; spectral structure: far-red light (730-750nm) 25%, red light (640-680nm) 42%, green light (530-560nm) 18%, and blue light (460-490nm) 15%; spectral structure ratio as follows: Figure 1 As shown; the supplemental lighting greenhouse hybridization platform facilities are as follows Figure 2 As shown.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] Comparison Experiment of Different Light Sources

[0033] Using Hainan (with relatively short average sunshine hours, around 14 hours per day) as the experimental base, supplemental lighting experiments were conducted. Three control experiments were set up during the experiment: a customized light source with specific light quality ratios, an incandescent lamp source, and natural field lighting, as follows:

[0034] Experimental Group 1: Customized light source with a spectral structure of 25% far-red light (730-750nm), 42% red light (640-680nm), 18% green light (530-560nm) and 15% blue light (460-490nm), with a supplementary lighting duration of 18h / 24h;

[0035] Experimental group 2: Incandescent lamp light source, supplemental lighting duration 18h / 24h;

[0036] Experimental group 3: Natural field light, 14h / 24h.

[0037] This study compared the flowering time and floral organ status of soybeans in Hainan under three different light conditions. Specific observation indicators included recording the flowering period and duration of soybeans, as well as visually assessing the flowering status. The experimental results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown in Table 1.

[0038] Table 1. Soybean flower organ status under different light quality conditions

[0039] Results Analysis: Compared with incandescent supplemental lighting (18 hours of light / 6 hours of darkness), the LED lamp group with a specific light quality ratio (18 hours of light / 6 hours of darkness) showed the same illumination time, but the specific light quality treatment in this application improved flower opening and size to a certain extent, reducing the difficulty of hybridization. Normal field treatment, on the other hand, resulted in flower closure and inability to hybridize. Therefore, the specific light quality ratio of this application improved flower opening and flower organ size to a certain extent, and also played a role in improving the overall condition and vigor of the flowers.

[0040] When set to 18 hours of light, this lighting condition has a certain promoting effect on the hybridization of Northeastern varieties in Hainan. However, for Huang-Huai and southern varieties, some negative phenomena have occurred. Specifically, the supplemental lighting time is too long, leading to a prolonged flowering period. Under these circumstances, soybeans exhibit a reverse growth state, that is, they revert from the early stage of reproductive growth to a new vegetative growth stage. This reverse growth results in an increase in the number of flowers, but smaller flower organs. More seriously, the soybean flower organs cannot open normally, which greatly affects the survival rate of soybean hybrid fruits.

[0041] Meanwhile, the study also found that using incandescent lamps for supplemental lighting did not have a significant impact on the size of flower organs, the degree of opening, or the duration of flowering, nor did it improve the survival rate of hybrid fruits. Therefore, experimental group 1 was selected to customize the light quality ratio light source for further in-depth research.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] Comparison experiment of different light compensation times

[0044] To further explore the suitable light compensation time for soybean varieties in different ecological zones under customized light quality ratios, this study set up different supplemental lighting times, specifically 16h, 18h, 22h, and 24h. By analyzing the opening status of floral organs (which directly relates to the difficulty of soybean hybridization) and flowering duration (which determines the time available for soybean hybridization), the experimental results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown in Table 2.

[0045] Table 2. Comparison of soybean flower organ opening status under customized light quality ratio light source conditions with different photoperiods.

[0046] Results Analysis: The suitable light duration varies among varieties in different ecological zones. Excessive light duration is counterproductive for Huang-Huai / Southern varieties. Therefore, supplemental lighting time needs to be adjusted according to the variety's origin in different ecological zones. Considering various factors, this invention concludes from Table 1 that for Northeastern varieties (Northern spring soybeans), 16-24 hours of supplemental lighting is appropriate. Figure 4 (The longer the flowering period, the better) The conclusion drawn is 16-24 hours. Considering that too long a light exposure time will lengthen the growth period, and to save time, 22 hours is sufficient to meet the hybridization requirements, so the time was shortened from 24 hours to 22 hours. Therefore, 18-22 hours is determined to be the optimal light exposure time for hybridization for Northeast varieties; for Northwest varieties, considering various factors, 16-18 hours is more suitable; the optimal light exposure time for Huanghuai varieties is 16-18 hours; and for Southern varieties, the conclusion drawn from Table 1 is 16-24 hours. Figure 4 The conclusion drawn from the study on flowering duration (longer is better) was 16-24 hours. Since 14 hours is the normal light duration in Hainan, which southern materials can complete, considering the overall experimental time, 14-16 hours was determined to be the optimal light duration for hybridization of southern varieties. These research findings will provide important reference for light duration in soybean hybridization work in Hainan, helping to improve the success rate of soybean hybridization.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] In the breeding practice in Hainan, numerous in-depth studies and experiments were conducted. In the first year, active involvement in hybridization work was undertaken, with meticulous planning and completion of five phases of hybridization trials. Initially, due to the lack of research on supplemental lighting in the Hainan region, a uniform supplemental lighting method was adopted, failing to fully consider the differences in the ecological zones of different varieties. This resulted in excessively long supplemental lighting periods for varieties from the Huanghuai and Southern regions. This unreasonable light duration triggered flower reversal, leading to a dismal hybrid fruit survival rate of 0%. This result undoubtedly presented a significant challenge to the research, but also provided valuable lessons for subsequent adjustments.

[0049] Entering the second phase of hybridization experiments, the research team astutely realized that photoperiod duration might be a key factor affecting the survival rate of hybrid fruits, and thus attempted to adjust the photoperiod. However, unfavorable weather conditions arose; the temperature was too low, severely impacting pollen activity. Despite optimization of photoperiod, the adverse environmental factor of low temperature still limited the success rate of hybridization, resulting in a survival rate of less than 2% for the hybrid fruits. Faced with this predicament, the research team did not lose heart but instead deeply analyzed the root causes of the problem and decided to address it from multiple perspectives.

[0050] In subsequent experiments, especially in Phase 4 (2022), the research team fully absorbed the lessons learned from the previous experiments and adopted more precise strategies. Based on the different ecological zones of the varieties, precise supplemental lighting measures were implemented, tailoring the most suitable light duration for each variety to ensure normal photosynthesis and growth. Simultaneously, temperature control was achieved using insulated greenhouses, effectively resisting the interference of low external temperatures and creating a relatively stable and suitable environment for soybean hybridization. These efforts finally yielded significant results, with the hybridization success rate greatly increasing to 50%. To further verify the reliability and stability of this achievement, a fifth verification experiment was conducted in Hainan in 2023 (corresponding to the technical solution defined above in this invention). The results were encouraging, with the survival rate of hybrid fruits significantly increasing to 65%, fully demonstrating that the technical system constructed in this invention has a practical and feasible effect in improving the survival rate of hybrid fruits (Table 3).

[0051] Table 3 Success Rate of Hybrid Fruit

[0052]

[0053] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0054] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for promoting high-multiplication of soybeans in different ecological zones of Hainan Province, characterized in that, A light source is used to supplement the light intensity of soybeans; the power of the light source is 38W; the illumination range of the light source is 200-300 μmol / m².s; the spectral structure of the light quality of the light source includes 15-25% far-red light, 35-42% red light, 10-18% green light, and 5-15% blue light; the wavelength range of the far-red light is 730-750 nm; the wavelength range of the red light is 640-680 nm; the wavelength range of the green light is 530-560 nm; and the wavelength range of the blue light is 460-490 nm. When the soybean variety is a Northeast China variety, its optimal photoperiod is 18-22h / 24h. When the soybean variety is a Northwest variety, its optimal photoperiod is 16-18h / 24h. When the soybean variety is a Huang-Huai variety, its optimal photoperiod is 16-18h / 24h. When the soybean variety is a southern variety, its optimal light exposure time is 14-16h / 24h.

2. The application of the method of claim 1 in high-multiplication soybean propagation and / or soybean hybridization breeding.

3. The application according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method described can improve the size and openness of soybean flower organs, reduce the difficulty of hybridization, and promote high-multiplication reproduction. It can also adjust the length of the flowering period and the duration of the flowering time; The flowering period refers to the period from seedling emergence to initial flowering; the flowering duration refers to the period from initial flowering to pod formation.

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