A cyclone enhanced gas-liquid separation type exhaust gas purification mechanism

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of waste gas purification mechanisms of cyclone enhanced gas-liquid separation type, it is related to waste gas purification technical field, including: the tangential injection high-pressure airflow from side wall gas inlet to form cyclone in pipe in cyclone pipe;Gas-liquid separation pipe is communicated and arranged at the outlet of cyclone pipe, and the pipe diameter is gradually reduced along the flow direction to make the entering cyclone accelerate and pressurize, form the temperature field that temperature gradually rises from the center of cyclone to periphery, to make steam in gas-liquid mixture condense into liquid bead in central low temperature area.The application can keep the stability of cyclone flow field by the elastic plug, sealing plug and jet channel, ensure that liquid bead containing VOCs can be continuously thrown to wall surface, so that high gas-liquid separation efficiency and separation effect can be maintained under severe working conditions, so as to realize the continuous and efficient separation of VOCs steam and water vapor from waste gas, effectively improve waste gas purification efficiency and purification effect, effectively reduce environmental pollutant emission, improve environmental governance effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste gas purification technology, specifically to a cyclone-enhanced gas-liquid separation type waste gas purification mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] In numerous industries such as petroleum refining, chemical synthesis, waste gas treatment, and spray printing, large quantities of two-phase gaseous waste gases containing oil mist, droplets, and condensable volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are continuously generated during production. Direct discharge without effective treatment not only wastes valuable water resources and chemical raw materials but also significantly contributes to PM2.5 precursors and ozone pollution, severely hindering the industry's green and low-carbon transformation and the improvement of regional environmental quality.

[0003] Cyclone separation technology, as a highly efficient and energy-saving pretreatment technology, has been widely used in the field of industrial waste gas treatment due to its advantages such as compact structure, large processing load, and low operating cost. It uses a tangential inlet or built-in guide vanes to generate high-speed rotation of the waste gas, utilizing the density difference between the gas and liquid phases under strong centrifugal force to achieve separation. The liquid droplets are thrown against the wall of the container, converge, and are then discharged, thus purifying the waste gas.

[0004] To address increasingly stringent pollutant emission standards (such as ultra-low emissions and VOCs treatment efficiency requirements), traditional constant-diameter or gradually expanding cyclone separators are proving insufficient for handling complex waste gases with high loads, high humidity, fine particulate matter, and condensable vapors. To address this, the industry has developed enhanced cyclone separation technology, employing a converging tube design to accelerate the cyclone. Within the converging section, the airflow velocity and pressure increase, creating a stable temperature field with a low-temperature, low-pressure center and a high-temperature, high-pressure periphery. This forces gaseous pollutants (such as water vapor and VOCs vapor) to condense and precipitate in the core area. The resulting large droplets are then flung towards the wall by the enhanced centrifugal force. However, when the airflow accelerates to supersonic speeds, or under certain conditions, shock waves are easily generated. These shock waves cause a significant pressure drop and energy dissipation, leading to airflow oscillation and separation, disrupting the stable cyclone morphology. Consequently, the condensed droplets may be re-atomized under the influence of the shock wave or re-introduced into the core airflow by the turbulent airflow, resulting in low gas-liquid separation rates and poor waste gas purification efficiency and effects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a cyclone-enhanced gas-liquid separation type waste gas purification mechanism.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A cyclone-enhanced gas-liquid separation type exhaust gas purification mechanism includes:

[0008] A vortex tube that injects high-pressure airflow tangentially from the side wall inlet to create a swirling flow inside the tube;

[0009] The gas-liquid separation pipe connected to the outlet of the cyclone tube has a diameter that gradually narrows along the flow direction, which accelerates and pressurizes the incoming cyclone, forming a temperature field that gradually increases in temperature from the center of the cyclone to the periphery. This causes the vapor in the gas-liquid mixture to condense into liquid droplets in the low-temperature zone at the center, and then be thrown against the pipe wall under the centrifugal force of the cyclone, and finally discharged from the outlet with the airflow.

[0010] Shock wave suppression units arranged in an array along the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation tube include:

[0011] The pressure grooves, which are circumferentially distributed on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separator and have an arc-shaped outline, increase the internal gas pressure under the high pressure of the shock wave that is about to be generated on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separator.

[0012] An elastic plug is set at the apex of the pressure groove, which is elastically compressed under the high pressure inside the pressure groove;

[0013] The jet channel connected to the pressure tank is inclined towards the inlet of the gas-liquid separator to guide the high-pressure gas in the pressure tank to the upstream swirling flow, forming a lateral counter-current to suppress shock wave formation.

[0014] A sealing plug is installed at the nozzle of the jet channel, with its top flush with the gas-liquid separation pipe and its sidewalls blocking the connection between the jet channel and the pressure tank.

[0015] A pneumatic unit is connected between the elastic plug and the sealing plug. When the elastic plug is elastically compressed, the pneumatic unit drives the sealing plug to move, so as to open the nozzle and the connecting port of the jet channel at the same time.

[0016] Preferably, a spring is provided at the bottom of the elastic plug, and the elastic coefficient of the springs arranged in an array along the flow direction gradually increases to adapt to the pressure changes inside the gas-liquid separation tube.

[0017] Preferably, a spiral groove is formed on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation pipe, and the spiral direction of the spiral groove is the same as the swirling direction.

[0018] Preferably, a vortex cylinder is connected to the outlet of the gas-liquid separation pipe, a conical cylinder is connected to the bottom of the gas-liquid separation pipe, and an air outlet pipe is connected to the top of the gas-liquid separation pipe.

[0019] Preferably, the outlet pipe wall on one side is connected to the gas-liquid separator inlet via a return pipe, so as to guide part of the purified low-temperature gas and inject it tangentially into the spiral groove, and form a low-temperature gas film on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separator.

[0020] Preferably, the internal diameter of the return pipe is gradually reduced along the airflow direction.

[0021] Preferably, a hydrophobic membrane is provided at the opening of the pressure groove.

[0022] Preferably, a radial groove communicating with a pressure groove is provided on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation pipe, and the elastic plug is elastically disposed in the radial groove.

[0023] Preferably, the pneumatic unit includes a U-shaped channel, which includes a jet channel and a pressure regulating channel located on both sides, and the two are arranged in parallel. The end of the pressure regulating channel is connected to the bottom of the radial groove through a first air passage, and a piston that is slidably connected to the sealing plug is installed inside the pressure regulating channel.

[0024] Preferably, the radial groove and the jet channel are connected by a second air passage.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] This invention utilizes an elastic plug, a sealing plug, and a jet channel. As the swirling flow enters the gas-liquid separation tube, it gradually accelerates, easily generating shock waves that can lead to separation failure. Therefore, a shock wave suppression unit is installed on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation tube. Before a shock wave forms, the shock wave suppression unit is in a sealed state. The top of the sealing plug is flush with the tube wall, not obstructing the swirling flow. The side wall of the sealing plug blocks the connection between the jet channel and the pressure tank to prevent leakage. If a shock wave precursor appears in the gas-liquid separation tube, the local pressure will rise sharply. The pressure tank sensitively detects this pressure surge before the shock wave forms. The arc-shaped contour of the pressure tank can store high-pressure gas, thus synchronously increasing the gas pressure within the pressure tank. This high pressure in the pressure tank pushes the elastic plug to compress elastically. A pneumatic unit drives the sealing plug to move away from the nozzle of the jet channel, thereby opening the nozzle of the jet channel and the connection between the jet channel and the pressure tank. The high-pressure gas itself, the culprit behind shock wave generation, acts as the power source for shock wave suppression. Some of the high-pressure gas enters the pressure tank, converges, and flows through the jet channel towards the gas-liquid separation tube. The inlet of the pipe is tilted and sprayed, causing the high-pressure gas in the pressure tank to swirl upstream, forming an upstream countercurrent. This creates a lateral countercurrent airflow, directly interfering with and disrupting the conditions required for shock wave formation, thus suppressing shock wave generation. This achieves increased centrifugal force while maintaining a stable swirling flow field, ensuring that VOC-containing liquid droplets are continuously thrown against the wall. This maintains high gas-liquid separation efficiency and effect even under harsh operating conditions, enabling continuous and efficient separation of VOC vapors and water vapors from waste gas. This effectively improves waste gas purification efficiency and effect, effectively reduces environmental pollutant emissions, and enhances environmental governance. It can effectively reduce VOC emissions in industrial waste gas, addressing VOC pollution at its source. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for a separate shock wave identification mechanism, employing a simple mechanical structure for passive real-time response to shock wave generation and early intervention. The system can respond in real time without interruption due to failure of the active identification mechanism, resulting in a low failure rate and low maintenance and manufacturing costs, making it suitable for large-scale industrial waste gas treatment. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The disclosure of this invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same parts. Wherein:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a top-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention viewed from below;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram at point B;

[0032] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram at point A;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the side cross-sectional structure of the cyclone tube of the present invention.

[0034] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Swirl tube; 2. Air inlet; 3. Gas-liquid separator; 4. Vortex tube; 5. Conical tube; 6. Air outlet; 7. Return tube; 8. Spiral groove; 9. Hydrophobic membrane; 10. Elastic plug; 11. Spring; 12. First air passage; 13. Second air passage; 14. U-shaped channel; 15. Piston; 16. Sealing plug; 17. Pressure groove; 18. Return nozzle; 19. Radial groove. Detailed Implementation

[0035] It is readily understood that, based on the technical solution of this invention, those skilled in the art can propose various interchangeable structural methods and implementations without altering the essential spirit of the invention. Therefore, the following detailed embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative examples of the technical solution of this invention and should not be considered as the entirety of the invention or as limitations or restrictions on the technical solution of this invention.

[0036] like Figure 1-6 As shown, a cyclone-enhanced gas-liquid separation type exhaust gas purification mechanism includes:

[0037] A vortex tube 1 in which high-pressure airflow is injected tangentially from the side wall inlet to form a vortex inside the tube;

[0038] The gas-liquid separation pipe 3, which is connected to the outlet of the cyclone pipe 1, has a pipe diameter that gradually narrows along the flow direction, which accelerates and pressurizes the incoming cyclone and forms a temperature field that gradually increases in temperature from the center of the cyclone to the periphery. This causes the vapor in the gas-liquid mixture to condense into liquid droplets in the low-temperature zone at the center and be thrown against the pipe wall under the action of the centrifugal force of the cyclone, and finally discharged from the outlet with the airflow.

[0039] The shock wave suppression unit arranged in an array along the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3 includes:

[0040] Pressure grooves 17, which are circumferentially distributed on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3 and have an arc-shaped outline, increase the internal gas pressure under the high pressure of the shock wave that is about to be generated on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3.

[0041] The elastic plug 10, which is set at the top of the pressure groove 17, is elastically compressed under the high pressure inside the pressure groove 17.

[0042] The jet channel connected to the pressure tank 17 is inclined towards the inlet of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3 to guide the high-pressure gas in the pressure tank 17 to the upstream swirling flow, forming a lateral counter-current to suppress the formation of shock waves.

[0043] The sealing plug 16 is installed at the nozzle of the jet channel, with its top flush with the gas-liquid separation pipe 3 and its sidewalls blocking the connection between the jet channel and the pressure tank 17.

[0044] A pneumatic unit is connected between the elastic plug 10 and the sealing plug 16. When the elastic plug 10 is elastically compressed, the pneumatic unit drives the sealing plug 16 to move, so as to open the nozzle and the connecting port of the jet channel at the same time.

[0045] Specifically, in the field of high-speed fluids, when the airflow accelerates to supersonic speeds, or under certain conditions, shock waves are easily generated. Shock waves can cause a huge pressure drop and energy dissipation, triggering airflow oscillation and separation, disrupting the stable swirling pattern. As a result, the condensed droplets may be atomized again under the action of the shock wave, or be carried back into the core airflow by the turbulent airflow, leading to separation failure and a reduction in the gas-liquid separation rate. By using a shock wave suppression unit, the waste gas to be purified is introduced into the cyclone tube 1 through an inlet 2 located on the side wall of the cyclone tube 1. The nozzle of the inlet 2 is tangentially inclined, thus pressurizing the waste gas to form a high-pressure airflow that is tangentially injected into the cyclone tube 1. The airflow rotates around the tube axis along the inner wall of the cyclone tube 1, forming an initial swirling field. The tangential air intake gives the airflow a circumferential velocity, providing the basic power for subsequent centrifugal separation. After the swirling flow is formed, as the high-pressure airflow continues to enter, the swirling flow enters the gas-liquid separation tube 3. Because the internal diameter of the gas-liquid separation tube 3 gradually decreases along the flow direction, the cross-sectional area of ​​the internal channel of the gas-liquid separation tube 3 gradually decreases from the inlet port to the outlet port, following the principle that the flow velocity is lower at larger cross-sections. The principle of high flow velocity at small points is applied. After the swirling flow enters the gas-liquid separator 3, the flow velocity increases and the pressure increases accordingly. After the swirling flow is accelerated, the flow velocity is high and the pressure is low at the center of the swirling flow, thus forming a low-temperature zone at the center. The flow velocity is slower and the pressure is higher at the periphery of the swirling flow, thus forming a high-temperature zone at the periphery. As a result, water vapor and VOCs vapor in the exhaust gas condense into denser liquid droplets in the central low-temperature zone. Under the centrifugal force of the swirling flow, the liquid droplets are thrown against the wall of the gas-liquid separator 3, thereby achieving gas-liquid separation and purifying the exhaust gas. The gradually narrowing gas-liquid separator 3 accelerates the swirling flow, thereby increasing the centrifugal force and making the gas-liquid separation more thorough, further improving the separation rate of water vapor and VOCs vapor in the exhaust gas, and making the exhaust gas purification more complete.

[0046] Furthermore, the swirling flow gradually accelerates after entering the gas-liquid separation pipe 3, which easily generates shock waves. This can lead to the failure of water vapor and VOCs vapor separation in the exhaust gas. Therefore, a shock wave suppression unit is installed on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3. When no shock wave forms, the shock wave suppression unit is in a sealed state. The top of the sealing plug 16 is flush with the pipe wall of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3, which does not obstruct the swirling flow. The side wall of the sealing plug 16 blocks the connection between the jet channel and the pressure tank 17 to prevent air leakage. If a shock wave precursor appears in the gas-liquid separation pipe 3, the local pressure will rise sharply, and the pressure tank... The pressure groove 17 sensitively detects the sudden pressure rise before shock wave formation. Its arc-shaped profile stores high-pressure gas, causing a synchronous increase in pressure within the groove. This high pressure pushes the elastic plug 10 into elastic compression, which, via a pneumatic unit, drives the sealing plug 16 to move away from the nozzle at the jet channel. This opens the nozzle of the jet channel and the connection between the jet channel and the pressure groove 17. The high-pressure gas itself, the culprit behind shock wave generation, acts as a power source to suppress the shock wave, allowing some of the high-pressure gas to enter the pressure groove. The gas converges in tank 17 and is sprayed at an angle towards the inlet of gas-liquid separation pipe 3 through the jet channel. The high-pressure gas in pressure tank 17 is sprayed upstream to form an upstream countercurrent, thereby forming a lateral countercurrent airflow. This directly interferes with and disrupts the conditions required for shock wave formation, suppressing shock wave generation. This achieves the goal of increasing centrifugal force while maintaining the stability of the swirling flow field, ensuring that liquid droplets containing VOCs can be continuously thrown against the wall. This maintains high gas-liquid separation efficiency and effect even under harsh working conditions, thus achieving continuous and efficient separation of VOCs vapor and water vapor from waste gas. This effectively improves waste gas purification efficiency and effect, thereby effectively reducing VOCs emissions in industrial waste gas and addressing VOCs pollution in waste gas at its source. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for a separate shock wave identification mechanism, employing a simple mechanical structure to passively and in real-time respond to shock wave generation and intervene in advance. It can respond in real time without interruption due to failure of the active identification mechanism, has a low failure rate, and low maintenance and manufacturing costs, making it suitable for large-scale industrial waste gas treatment.

[0047] A spring 11 is provided at the bottom of the elastic plug 10. The elastic coefficient of the spring 11 arranged in an array along the flow direction gradually increases to adapt to the pressure changes inside the gas-liquid separation tube 3.

[0048] Specifically, as the diameter of the gas-liquid separator 3 gradually decreases along the flow direction, when the high-pressure gas-liquid mixture enters the gas-liquid separator 3 from the vortex tube 1, the flow velocity gradually increases due to the continuous reduction in pipe diameter, and the pressure gradually rises, thus forming a pressure gradient along the flow direction. The spring 11 needs to adapt to the target trigger pressure at different flow direction positions, and the target trigger pressure gradually increases along the flow direction. The spring 11 provides a reverse support force to the elastic plug 10, ensuring that the elastic plug 10 is only compressed when the gas pressure in the pressure groove 17 reaches the shock wave warning threshold, avoiding false triggering or insufficient triggering. Its elastic coefficient is along the flow direction. The gradual increase in pressure is essentially achieved by matching the gradual change in the elastic coefficient k value with the gradual change in pressure, thereby unifying the triggering deformation of the spring 11 at different positions. That is, when the elastic plug 10 at all positions is compressed to the displacement that can drive the pneumatic unit, the corresponding triggering pressure is consistent with the actual pressure gradient at that position. When the air pressure is greater than the elastic force of the spring 11, the elastic plug 10 will be compressed downward, which will then drive the sealing plug 16 to move through the pneumatic unit. When the air pressure is less than the elastic force of the spring 11, the elastic plug 10 remains in place to avoid false triggering, thereby further improving the stability of the triggering unit and the stability of the swirling flow field.

[0049] A spiral groove 8 is provided on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3, and the spiral direction of the spiral groove 8 is the same as the swirling direction.

[0050] Specifically, the swirling flow is the core driving force of gas-liquid separation. The rotational speed of the swirling flow directly determines the magnitude of the centrifugal force. If the rotational speed of the swirling flow decreases due to friction with the pipe wall when it flows in the gas-liquid separation tube 3, the centrifugal force will weaken accordingly, and the efficiency of throwing liquid droplets toward the pipe wall will decrease significantly. If the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation tube 3 is a smooth surface, the high-speed rotating airflow will generate direct sliding friction with the pipe wall. The frictional resistance will continuously consume the kinetic energy of the swirling flow, causing the rotational speed to gradually decrease and the swirling flow to weaken. By opening the spiral groove 8 in the same direction as the swirling flow, the airflow will flow along the groove path of the spiral groove 8, which is equivalent to providing a directional guiding channel for the swirling flow. The contact between the airflow and the pipe wall changes from sliding friction on the entire circumference to guiding contact on the sidewall of the groove. The friction area is reduced, the friction direction is more aligned with the rotational direction of the airflow, the frictional resistance is significantly reduced, and the kinetic energy loss of the swirling flow is reduced. Thus, a high rotational speed can be maintained throughout the entire pipe section, ensuring that the centrifugal force is strong enough to always throw liquid droplets containing VOCs toward the pipe wall.

[0051] Furthermore, when high-speed swirling flows inside a smooth pipe, it is prone to swaying due to local airflow disturbances. The center of the swirling flow deviates from the pipe axis, resulting in uneven local centrifugal force. Liquid droplets on the swaying side are difficult to be thrown off. The regular spiral structure of the spiral groove 8 can constrain and guide the airflow, forcing the swirling flow to rotate stably along the direction of the groove, avoiding swaying, ensuring the uniformity of the swirling flow field throughout the pipe section, and thus ensuring consistent separation efficiency in each region.

[0052] Furthermore, if the liquid droplets thrown against the pipe wall by centrifugal force cannot be discharged stably in time, they are easily re-entrained by the mainstream airflow, leading to separation failure. The design of the spiral groove 8 precisely solves the problem of liquid droplet retention and discharge on the pipe wall, forming a directional collection channel. After being thrown against the pipe wall, the liquid droplets will naturally flow into the bottom of the spiral groove 8 due to surface tension and gravity. Compared with the smooth pipe wall, the groove structure of the spiral groove 8 can provide physical space for the liquid droplets, avoiding the irregular rolling of the liquid droplets on the pipe wall surface. During the rolling process, they are easily carried away by the airflow again. The direction of the spiral groove 8 is consistent with the swirling direction. The liquid droplets in the groove will be driven by two forces at the same time. The axial thrust of the mainstream airflow pushes the liquid droplets towards the outlet of the separation pipe, and the circumferential guiding force of the spiral groove 8 guides the liquid droplets along the spiral path. After the two are superimposed, the liquid droplets will flow stably towards the outlet along the spiral groove 8 and finally be discharged out of the pipe with the airflow. This completely avoids the problem of liquid droplets being re-entrained by the airflow, greatly improves the separation accuracy, effectively separates VOCs in the exhaust gas, and further reduces VOCs emissions.

[0053] Furthermore, the high-speed airflow in the gas-liquid separator 3 is prone to generating local eddies or pressure fluctuations. These disturbances not only interfere with the swirling flow field but may also exacerbate the formation of shock waves. The continuous spiral structure of the spiral groove 8 provides a unified trajectory for the airflow, forcing the potentially chaotic airflow into the direction of the channel, reducing local eddies and velocity fluctuations, and making the overall airflow more stable. With the improved airflow stability, the probability of shock wave generation will decrease. Even if shock wave precursors appear, the pressure groove 17 can more accurately capture pressure changes, and the jet counteraction effect of the shock wave suppression unit will be more efficient.

[0054] A vortex cylinder 4 is connected to the outlet of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3, a conical cylinder 5 is connected to the bottom of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3, and an outlet pipe 6 is connected to the top.

[0055] Specifically, although most of the liquid droplets in the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 3 have been thrown towards the pipe wall, they may still carry a small number of incompletely condensed tiny droplets. After the high-speed airflow from the outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3 enters the vortex cylinder 4 through the expanding spiral flow channel, the flow channel radius suddenly expands, causing the tangential velocity of the airflow to increase instantaneously. According to the conservation of angular momentum, the tangential velocity is inversely proportional to the radius when the radius increases, and the centrifugal force on the droplets increases exponentially. Finally, they are forced to be thrown towards the inner wall of the vortex cylinder 4. The vortex cylinder 4 can force the airflow to rotate in a specific spiral direction, avoiding the swirling attenuation caused by the expansion of the flow channel, thereby further reducing the droplet content of the gas at the outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3. The droplets discharged from the gas-liquid separator 3 move in a circular motion along the inner wall of the vortex cylinder 4, and under the combined action of gravity and centrifugal force, they move in a spiral downward circular motion along the inner wall of the conical cylinder 5, so that the waste gas initially purified in the gas-liquid separator 3 can achieve secondary separation after entering the vortex cylinder 4.

[0056] Furthermore, the purified exhaust gas flows to the outlet pipe 6 of the vortex cylinder 4. The cone angle of the conical cylinder 5 is precisely matched with the spiral angle of the spiral groove 8, causing the liquid droplets flowing out from the bottom of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3 to form a spiral downward liquid flow on the inner wall of the conical cylinder 5. During the spiral motion, they continuously collide and coalesce, and small droplets gradually merge into large droplets. Finally, under the action of gravity, they settle to the bottom of the cone. If the gas-liquid mixture contains solid impurities, the cone bottom contraction structure of the conical cylinder 5 will cause the solid particles to spiral down along the cone wall and accumulate at the bottom of the cone under the dual action of centrifugal force and gravity. They are then periodically discharged through the bottom drain port, thereby achieving the simultaneous removal of liquid and solid pollutants in the exhaust gas, effectively improving the exhaust gas purification effect. Moreover, there is no need for a separate mechanism to remove solid particles in the exhaust gas. Multiple functions are achieved through a simple structure, further saving equipment costs.

[0057] The outlet pipe 6 is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3 via a return pipe 7, so as to guide part of the purified low-temperature gas and inject it tangentially into the spiral groove 8, and form a low-temperature gas film on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3.

[0058] Specifically, the gas exiting from the outlet pipe 6 is purified low-temperature gas. This gas has undergone gas-liquid separation and contains no liquid droplets or impurities. After recirculation, it will not contaminate the mixture to be separated inside the gas-liquid separation pipe 3, thus avoiding secondary pollution. During the separation process, the gas temperature is significantly lower than the inner wall temperature of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3 due to condensation in the central low-temperature zone and gas expansion. The inner wall of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3 is located in the outer high-pressure zone, and its temperature is already higher than that of the center, thus possessing cooling capabilities. A recirculation nozzle 18 is installed at the nozzle of the recirculation pipe 7. The recirculation nozzle 18 is tangentially aligned with the spiral groove 8. The spiral direction of the spiral groove 8 is consistent with the main swirling direction inside the gas-liquid separation pipe 3. Tangential injection allows the recirculated gas to flow along the main swirling direction without interfering with the stability of the main swirling flow field. The nozzle is aligned with the inside of the spiral groove 8, rather than directly spraying towards the center of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3, allowing the low-temperature gas to diffuse evenly along the channel, avoiding local airflow turbulence, and ensuring that the low-temperature gas film fully covers the inner wall.

[0059] Furthermore, the original temperature field of the gas-liquid separator 3 is low temperature at the center and high temperature at the inner wall, which makes it difficult for steam near the inner wall to condense. By forming a low-temperature gas film, a secondary low-temperature zone is constructed on the inner wall. The low-temperature gas injected tangentially into the spiral groove 8 will diffuse along the inner wall of the groove, forming a uniformly covered low-temperature gas film, which reduces the inner wall temperature from the high-temperature zone to a low-temperature level close to that of the return gas. In the gas-liquid mixture, the steam that has not condensed in the central low-temperature zone will have its molecular kinetic energy drop sharply after contacting the low-temperature gas film, and will quickly aggregate into tiny liquid droplets. This is equivalent to adding a path for wall condensation in addition to the central condensation, allowing the steam that might otherwise be discharged with the airflow to be captured as well, effectively improving the separation efficiency. Because the return gas is injected tangentially and the spiral groove 8 is directionally guided, the low-temperature gas film has no local hot spots, ensuring that the steam on the inner wall of the entire pipe section can be stably condensed.

[0060] Furthermore, if the liquid droplets thrown against the pipe wall by centrifugal force are not handled properly, they will be re-entrained by the mainstream airflow, leading to separation failure. The low-temperature gas film can form a synergistic effect with the spiral groove 8. If there is no low-temperature gas film on the inner wall, the high temperature of the inner wall will cause some of the attached liquid droplets to evaporate. The low-temperature environment maintained by the low-temperature gas film can completely inhibit the evaporation of liquid droplets, ensuring that the liquid droplets always exist in liquid form. The surface tension of the liquid decreases as the temperature decreases. After the temperature of the liquid droplets is lowered by the low-temperature gas film, the surface tension decreases significantly, and the liquid droplets are more likely to detach from the inner wall and flow quickly towards the outlet along the guide of the spiral groove 8. In addition, under high temperature conditions, liquid droplets are prone to irregular collisions due to violent thermal motion, forming large liquid clumps that block the spiral groove 8. The low-temperature gas film makes the movement of liquid droplets more stable and allows them to flow orderly along the channel, eliminating the risk of blockage.

[0061] Furthermore, the high-speed airflow within the gas-liquid separator 3 is prone to localized eddies or pressure fluctuations due to uneven inner wall temperatures. These disturbances can exacerbate shock wave formation and may also disrupt the main swirling flow field. The low-temperature gas film can help improve airflow stability by homogenizing the temperature. Without the low-temperature gas film, a large radial temperature difference is formed between the high temperature of the inner wall and the low temperature of the center. The airflow generates thermal convection disturbances due to the temperature difference, interfering with the rotation trajectory of the swirling flow. The low-temperature gas film reduces the temperature difference between the inner wall and the center, significantly weakening the thermal convection disturbances. The generation of shock waves is closely related to the superposition of airflow compression waves, and uneven temperature can lead to airflow density fluctuations, exacerbating the superposition of compression waves. The low-temperature gas film makes the airflow temperature more uniform throughout the pipe section, reducing density fluctuations and lowering the probability of shock wave generation from the source. Even if shock wave precursors appear, the pressure groove 17 can more accurately capture pressure changes, making the jet counteraction effect of the shock wave suppression unit more efficient.

[0062] The internal diameter of the return pipe 7 is gradually reduced along the airflow direction.

[0063] Specifically, the spiral direction of the spiral groove 8 is the same as the swirling direction inside the gas-liquid separation pipe 3. The core separation power inside the gas-liquid separation pipe 3 is the centrifugal force generated by the swirling flow. If the diameter of the return pipe 7 remains unchanged, the airflow outlet velocity is low and the kinetic energy is insufficient. When it is injected into the spiral groove 8, it is easily disrupted by the mainstream swirling flow inside the pipe, and even reverse vortices are generated, causing the airflow to be unable to flow along the direction of the spiral groove 8. However, the high-speed airflow brought by the gradual reduction of the pipe diameter has sufficient kinetic energy and can accurately cut into the spiral direction of the spiral groove 8 tangentially, superimposing with the mainstream swirling flow in the same direction rather than conflicting with it. This not only does not destroy the original separation effect of the swirling flow, but also strengthens the swirling flow intensity and further improves the centrifugal separation efficiency.

[0064] Furthermore, one of the key tasks of the return pipe 7 is to allow the low-temperature purified gas to form a low-temperature gas film on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3. The high-speed airflow brought about by the gradual reduction of the pipe diameter will adhere tightly to the wall of the spiral groove 8 due to inertia after being injected into it, preventing the airflow from diffusing towards the center of the pipe. The high-speed airflow has stronger continuity and can form a continuous air curtain in the spiral groove 8, and extend along the spiral trajectory of the groove to the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3, ultimately forming a complete and uniform low-temperature gas film, rather than fragmented airflow spots.

[0065] A hydrophobic membrane 9 is provided at the opening of the pressure tank 17.

[0066] Specifically, a hydrophobic membrane 9 is provided at the opening of the pressure tank 17 to allow gas to pass through. The core function of the pressure tank 17 is to sense the pressure change of the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3. When a shock wave is about to be generated in the pipe, the local high pressure will be transmitted to the pressure tank 17 through the opening, pushing the elastic plug 10 to compress, thereby triggering the shock wave suppression action. However, a large number of liquid droplets are thrown against the tube wall by centrifugal force inside the gas-liquid separation tube 3. If these droplets enter the pressure tank 17 through the slot, they will directly destroy the accuracy of the gas pressure signal. Liquid is incompressible, and after entering the pressure tank 17, it will occupy the space inside the tank, causing the high pressure inside the tube to be unable to be effectively transmitted to the elastic plug 10, resulting in the shock wave suppression unit not being triggered and the shock wave not being suppressed in time. If the droplets remain in the tank, gas-liquid stratification will be formed. When the gas pressure inside the tube changes, it can only drive the upper gas to fluctuate slightly. The elastic plug 10 is subjected to uneven force, which may cause false triggering. The hydrophobic properties of the hydrophobic membrane 9 can completely block the droplets from entering the pressure tank 17, and only allow the gas inside the tube to enter the tank through the micropores of the membrane, ensuring that the pressure tank 17 is always a pure gas phase environment. The gas pressure change can be transmitted to the elastic plug 10 in a 1:1 ratio, ensuring the accuracy of shock wave detection.

[0067] A radial groove 19 communicating with a pressure groove 17 is provided on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation pipe 3, and an elastic plug 10 is elastically disposed in the radial groove 19.

[0068] The pneumatic unit includes a U-shaped channel 14, which includes a jet channel and a pressure regulating channel located on both sides, and the two are arranged in parallel. The end of the pressure regulating channel is connected to the bottom of the radial groove 19 through a first air passage 12, and a piston 15 that is slidably connected to the sealing plug 16 is slidably arranged inside the pressure regulating channel.

[0069] The radial groove 19 is connected to the jet channel via the second air passage 13.

[0070] Specifically, if a shock wave precursor appears in the gas-liquid separation pipe 3, the local pressure will rise sharply. The pressure groove 17 sensitively detects the pressure rise before the shock wave is formed. The arc-shaped contour of the pressure groove 17 can store high-pressure gas, thereby increasing the gas pressure in the pressure groove 17 synchronously. This causes the high pressure in the pressure groove 17 to push the elastic plug 10 to compress the spring 11 and squeeze the gas inside the radial groove 19 through the first air passage 12 into the pressure regulating channel. This increases the gas pressure inside the pressure regulating channel and pushes the piston 15 to move along the pressure regulating channel. This causes the sealing plug 16 to move away from the nozzle at the nozzle of the jet channel through the connecting frame between the piston 15 and the sealing plug 16, thereby opening the nozzle of the jet channel and the connection between the jet channel and the pressure groove 17.

[0071] The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content described above. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the above embodiments without departing from the technical concept of this invention, and all such modifications and variations should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A cyclone-enhanced gas-liquid separation type waste gas purification mechanism, characterized in that, include: A vortex tube that injects high-pressure airflow tangentially from the side wall inlet to create a swirling flow inside the tube; The gas-liquid separation pipe connected to the outlet of the cyclone tube has a diameter that gradually narrows along the flow direction, which accelerates and pressurizes the incoming cyclone, forming a temperature field that gradually increases in temperature from the center of the cyclone to the periphery. This causes the vapor in the gas-liquid mixture to condense into liquid droplets in the low-temperature zone at the center, and then be thrown against the pipe wall under the centrifugal force of the cyclone, and finally discharged from the outlet with the airflow. Shock wave suppression units arranged in an array along the inner wall of the gas-liquid separation tube include: The pressure grooves, which are circumferentially distributed on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separator and have an arc-shaped outline, increase the internal gas pressure under the high pressure of the shock wave that is about to be generated on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separator. An elastic plug is set at the apex of the pressure groove, which is elastically compressed under the high pressure inside the pressure groove; The jet channel connected to the pressure tank is inclined towards the inlet of the gas-liquid separator to guide the high-pressure gas in the pressure tank to the upstream swirling flow, forming a lateral counter-current to suppress shock wave formation. A sealing plug is installed at the nozzle of the jet channel, with its top flush with the gas-liquid separation pipe and its sidewalls blocking the connection between the jet channel and the pressure tank. A pneumatic unit is connected between the elastic plug and the sealing plug. When the elastic plug is elastically compressed, the pneumatic unit drives the sealing plug to move, so as to open the nozzle and the connecting port of the jet channel at the same time. A spring is provided at the bottom of the elastic plug, and the elastic coefficient of the springs arranged in an array along the flow direction gradually increases to adapt to the pressure changes inside the gas-liquid separation tube. The gas-liquid separation pipe has a radial groove on its inner wall that communicates with the pressure groove, and the elastic plug is elastically disposed in the radial groove. The pneumatic unit includes a U-shaped channel, which includes a jet channel and a pressure regulating channel located on both sides, and the two are arranged in parallel. The end of the pressure regulating channel is connected to the bottom of the radial groove through a first air passage, and a piston that is slidably connected to the sealing plug is installed inside the pressure regulating channel. The radial groove and the jet channel are connected by a second air passage.

2. The cyclone-enhanced gas-liquid separation type waste gas purification mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas-liquid separation pipe has a spiral groove on its inner wall, and the spiral direction of the spiral groove is the same as the swirling direction.

3. The cyclone-enhanced gas-liquid separation type waste gas purification mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: A vortex cylinder is connected to the outlet of the gas-liquid separation pipe, a conical cylinder is connected to the bottom of the gas-liquid separation pipe, and an outlet pipe is connected to the top of the gas-liquid separation pipe.

4. The cyclone-enhanced gas-liquid separation type waste gas purification mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outlet pipe is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator pipe via a return pipe to guide part of the purified low-temperature gas and inject it tangentially into the spiral groove, forming a low-temperature gas film on the inner wall of the gas-liquid separator pipe.

5. The cyclone-enhanced gas-liquid separation type waste gas purification mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The internal diameter of the return pipe is gradually reduced along the airflow direction.

6. The cyclone-enhanced gas-liquid separation type waste gas purification mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hydrophobic membrane is provided at the opening of the pressure groove.

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