A method and apparatus for treating port oil spill wastewater

Abstract

This invention proposes a method and apparatus for treating port oil spill wastewater, relating to the field of port wastewater treatment technology. The method includes: aggregating dispersed oil droplets in wastewater into oil droplet aggregates using an acoustic standing wave field; injecting a magnetic nanofluid with a biomimetic coating to form an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite; applying a gradient magnetic field to induce directional migration of the composite; separating the migrated composite from the aqueous phase to obtain oil and purified water; and finally desorbing the oil from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles and recovering the magnetic nanoparticles. This method achieves efficient oil droplet separation and material recycling through the synergistic effect of acoustic aggregation, magnetic adsorption, magnetic field migration, and multi-stage separation, offering advantages such as high treatment efficiency, environmental friendliness, and low cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of port sewage treatment, and in particular to a port oil spill sewage treatment method and device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of port oil spill sewage treatment, traditional methods such as gravity separation, air flotation and adsorption have significant limitations. Gravity separation relies on the density difference between oil and water, and has low treatment efficiency for small dispersed oil droplets; air flotation requires the addition of chemical agents, which can easily cause secondary pollution; adsorption can remove oil, but the regeneration of adsorbents is difficult and the cost is high. In addition, the existing technology cannot achieve efficient aggregation and rapid separation of dispersed oil droplets, resulting in time-consuming treatment process and low resource recovery rate.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to develop an efficient, environmentally friendly and recyclable port oil spill sewage treatment method that can effectively aggregate dispersed oil droplets, achieve rapid oil-water separation, and recycle treatment materials to solve the problems of low efficiency and high cost in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the above problems in the prior art, the present application provides a port oil spill sewage treatment method, comprising:

[0005] S1: based on the port oil spill sewage to be treated, generating an acoustic standing wave field through an acoustic standing wave structure, so that the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill sewage aggregate under the action of acoustic radiation force, and obtaining oil droplet aggregates;

[0006] S2: injecting magnetic nanofluid by adding structure, the magnetic nanofluid containing magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on the surface, so that the magnetic nanoparticles and the oil droplets in the oil droplet aggregates have adsorption effect, forming oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complexes;

[0007] S3: applying a gradient magnetic field through a magnetic field structure, so that the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complexes move directionally under the action of magnetic field force, and obtaining migrated complexes;

[0008] S4: separating the migrated complexes from the aqueous phase through a collection structure, and obtaining separated oil dirt and purified water;

[0009] S5: desorbing the oil dirt from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles through a desorption structure, and recycling the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles.

[0010] In some implementations, S1 includes:

[0011] S11: based on the port oil spill sewage to be treated, setting the frequency and amplitude parameters of the electrical signal of the signal generator through the control unit;

[0012] S12: output an electrical signal with a corresponding frequency and amplitude through a signal generator based on the set electrical signal frequency and amplitude parameters;

[0013] S13: convert the electrical signal into mechanical vibration with the same frequency through a piezoelectric transducer based on the output electrical signal;

[0014] S14: excite ultrasonic waves in the medium through the piezoelectric transducer based on the mechanical vibration;

[0015] S15: reflect the acoustic waves to form an acoustic standing wave field through an acoustic reflector based on the generated ultrasonic waves, so that the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil-contaminated water move to the nodal position under the action of acoustic radiation force and gather to obtain oil droplet aggregates.

[0016] In some implementations, S2 includes:

[0017] S21: providing a pre-prepared magnetic nanofluid, the magnetic nanofluid being composed of magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on the surface dispersed in a base fluid;

[0018] S22: injecting the magnetic nanofluid into the oil droplet aggregate-containing contaminated water through a metering pump according to a set flow ratio;

[0019] S23: based on the mixture of the injected magnetic nanofluid and the oil droplet aggregate, stirring and mixing through a stirring structure to make the magnetic nanoparticles fully contact and adsorb the oil droplets to form oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complexes.

[0020] In some implementations, the preparation of the magnetic nanofluid in S21 includes:

[0021] S211: providing magnetic nanoparticles;

[0022] S212: coating a layer of biomimetic coating on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles through a surface modification process, the biomimetic coating being a polymer coating with temperature response characteristics and pH response characteristics;

[0023] S213: uniformly dispersing the surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles in a base fluid carrier through a dispersion device to obtain a magnetic nanofluid.

[0024] In some implementations, the preparation of the biomimetic coating in S212 includes:

[0025] S2121: providing natural biological slime as a biomimetic synthesis template to synthesize a three-dimensional polymer network with temperature response characteristics and pH response characteristics;

[0026] S2122: dissolving the synthesized three-dimensional polymer network in a solvent to prepare a polymer solution;

[0027] S2123: The magnetic nanoparticles are immersed in a polymer solution, and a nanometer-thick biomimetic coating is formed on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles through interfacial self-assembly.

[0028] In some implementations, the adsorption of the magnetic nanoparticles to the oil droplets in S23 includes:

[0029] S231: During the stirring and mixing process, the temperature of the port oil spill wastewater is monitored, and when the temperature is lower than the critical solubility temperature of the biomimetic coating, the biomimetic coating assumes a sol state;

[0030] S232: Based on the sol state of the biomimetic coating, the hydrophobic segments in the molecular chains of the biomimetic coating stretch and selectively recognize and combine with the alkane structures in the molecules of the oil droplets;

[0031] S233: Based on the selective combination, the oil droplets are captured and further diffuse into the stretched biomimetic coating, forming oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complexes.

[0032] In some implementations, S3 includes:

[0033] S31: An initial magnetic field is generated by an energized electromagnetic coil;

[0034] S32: Based on the initial magnetic field, the intensity distribution of the magnetic field is changed by adjusting the current size to the electromagnetic coil, forming a gradient magnetic field;

[0035] S33: Based on the gradient magnetic field, the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complexes are subjected to magnetic field forces and migrate directionally along the magnetic field gradient, obtaining migrated complexes.

[0036] In some implementations, S5 includes:

[0037] S51: The oil stain containing magnetic nanoparticles is heated by a heating unit, reducing the viscosity of the oil stain and detaching it from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles;

[0038] S52: Based on the mixture of the oil phase formed after detachment and the magnetic nanoparticles, a magnetic field is applied to the mixture by a magnetic field separation unit to separate the magnetic nanoparticles from the mixture formed after detachment;

[0039] S53: The separated magnetic nanoparticles are cleaned by a cleaning unit using a cleaning liquid to remove residual oil on the surface, obtaining regenerated magnetic nanoparticles.

[0040] In some implementations, S5 includes:

[0041] S54: The oil stain containing magnetic nanoparticles is heated to a first temperature by a heating unit, causing the biomimetic coating to exceed its critical solubility temperature and undergo a phase transition from a sol state to a gel state, shrinking in volume and expelling the captured oil stain;

[0042] S55: adding a basic regulator into the system through a pH adjusting unit to increase the environmental pH value, so that the biomimetic coating is hydrophilized and the oil pollution is detached from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles;

[0043] S56: cooling the detached magnetic nanoparticles to a second temperature through a cooling unit, so that the biomimetic coating is restored to a sol state, and regenerated magnetic nanoparticles are obtained.

[0044] In a second aspect, the present application provides a port oil spill sewage treatment device, which adopts the method provided in any of the above embodiments, and comprises:

[0045] An acoustic standing wave structure is arranged at the inlet of the device, used for receiving the port oil spill sewage to be treated, and generating an acoustic standing wave field, so that the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill sewage are gathered under the action of acoustic radiation force, and an oil droplet aggregate is obtained;

[0046] A dosing structure is connected to the outlet of the acoustic standing wave structure, used for injecting a magnetic nanofluid containing magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on the surface, so that the magnetic nanoparticles and the oil droplets in the oil droplet aggregate are adsorbed to form an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite;

[0047] A magnetic field structure is arranged behind the dosing structure, used for applying a gradient magnetic field, so that the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite is directionally moved under the action of the magnetic field force, and a migrated composite is obtained;

[0048] A collection structure is connected to the outlet of the magnetic field structure, used for separating the migrated composite from the aqueous phase, and obtaining separated oil pollution and purified water;

[0049] A detachment structure is connected to the oil pollution outlet of the collection structure, used for detaching the oil pollution from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles, and recycling the detached magnetic nanoparticles;

[0050] The acoustic standing wave structure, the dosing structure, the magnetic field structure, the collection structure and the detachment structure are arranged in series to form a continuous treatment process.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are that: in S1, based on the port oil spill sewage to be treated, an acoustic standing wave field is generated by an acoustic standing wave structure, so that the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill sewage are aggregated under the action of acoustic radiation force, and an oil droplet aggregate is obtained, which significantly improves the aggregation efficiency of the micro oil droplets and overcomes the defect of poor treatment effect of dispersed oil droplets in the traditional method. In S2, the magnetic nanofluid is injected by adding a structure, the magnetic nanofluid contains magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on the surface, so that the magnetic nanoparticles and the oil droplets in the oil droplet aggregate are adsorbed to form an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite, thereby endowing the oil droplets with magnetic properties and providing a basis for subsequent separation. In S3, a gradient magnetic field is applied by a magnetic field structure, so that the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite moves directionally under the action of the magnetic field force, and a migration composite is obtained, realizing the rapid migration and enrichment of the oil droplets and improving the separation speed. In S4, the migration composite is separated from the aqueous phase by a collection structure, and separated oil and purified water are obtained, ensuring efficient oil-water separation and avoiding secondary pollution. In S5, the oil is desorbed from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles by a desorption structure, and the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles are recovered, realizing the recycling of the magnetic nanoparticles and reducing the processing cost. In the whole method, the steps of acoustic standing wave aggregation, magnetic nanofluid adsorption, magnetic field directional movement, collection and separation, and desorption and recovery are connected with each other, and the processing efficiency, separation precision and resource recovery rate are synergistically enhanced, providing an efficient and sustainable solution for port oil spill sewage treatment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0052] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the specific embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0053] Figure 1 The flowchart of the port oil spill sewage treatment method provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0054] Figure 2 The structural diagram of the port oil spill sewage treatment device provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0056] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described below.

[0057] Embodiment 1

[0058] As shown in the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 The present application proposes a port oil spill sewage treatment method, comprising:

[0059] S1: based on the port oil spill sewage to be treated, an acoustic standing wave field is generated by an acoustic standing wave structure, so that the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill sewage are gathered under the action of acoustic radiation force, and an oil droplet gathering is obtained;

[0060] S2: magnetic nanofluid is injected by adding structure, the magnetic nanofluid contains magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on the surface, so that the magnetic nanoparticles and the oil droplets in the oil droplet gathering have adsorption effect, forming an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite;

[0061] S3: a gradient magnetic field is applied by a magnetic field structure, so that the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle composite moves directionally under the action of magnetic field force, and a migration composite is obtained;

[0062] S4: the migration composite is separated from the aqueous phase by a collection structure, and separated oil dirt and purified water are obtained;

[0063] S5: the oil dirt is desorbed from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles by a desorption structure, and the magnetic nanoparticles after desorption are recovered.

[0064] The port oil spill sewage treatment method realizes efficient treatment through a series of consecutive steps. First, based on the port oil spill sewage to be treated, an acoustic standing wave field is generated using an acoustic standing wave structure. The acoustic standing wave field forms stable nodes and antinodes regions through acoustic interference, causing the dispersed oil droplets in the sewage to move towards the node position under the action of acoustic radiation force and gather, thereby obtaining oil droplet aggregates. This process utilizes the propagation characteristics of acoustic waves in the medium, and the acoustic radiation force acts on the surface of the oil droplets, overcoming the dispersion effect caused by Brownian motion, promoting the coalescence of small oil droplets into larger aggregates, and improving the efficiency of subsequent treatment. Next, magnetic nanofluid is injected by adding a structure. The magnetic nanofluid contains magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on the surface. These particles come into contact with the oil droplet aggregates in the sewage, and the special properties of the biomimetic coating enable selective adsorption of oil droplets, forming oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complexes. The introduction of magnetic nanoparticles endows the oil droplets with magnetic properties, laying the foundation for magnetic field separation. Then, a gradient magnetic field is applied through a magnetic field structure. The gradient magnetic field is generated by electromagnetic coils or other magnetic sources, and the magnetic field strength changes along a specific direction, causing the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complexes to be subjected to non-uniform magnetic field forces and move directionally along the magnetic field gradient, forming migrating complexes. This step utilizes the force principle of magnetic materials in a gradient field to achieve rapid enrichment and migration of oil droplets. Subsequently, the migrating complexes are separated from the aqueous phase through a collection structure. The collection structure may use sedimentation, filtration or centrifugation to effectively separate oil pollution from purified water, obtaining separated oil pollution and purified water. Finally, the oil pollution is desorbed from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles through a desorption structure, and the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles are recovered. The desorption process may involve physical or chemical methods such as heating or solvent treatment, ensuring the regeneration and reuse of magnetic nanoparticles.

[0065] The technical effects of the method are reflected in multiple aspects. The application of acoustic standing wave field significantly improves the aggregation efficiency of dispersed oil droplets, reduces the risk of oil droplet redispersion during the treatment process, and thus improves the overall treatment speed. The addition of magnetic nanofluid enhances the magnetic responsiveness of oil droplets, enabling rapid capture and directional movement of oil droplets, avoiding the problems of easy saturation and difficult regeneration of traditional adsorbents. The application of gradient magnetic field realizes efficient migration of oil droplets, shortens the separation time, and reduces energy consumption. The design of the collection structure ensures the thoroughness of oil-water separation, reduces residual oil, and improves the quality of purified water. The introduction of the desorption structure promotes the recycling of magnetic nanoparticles, reduces the processing cost, and reduces secondary pollution. The synergistic effect of these steps forms a continuous treatment process. Acoustic aggregation provides a pretreatment basis for magnetic adsorption, magnetic adsorption enhances the feasibility of magnetic field migration, magnetic field migration optimizes collection efficiency, collection separation ensures the feasibility of desorption recovery, and desorption recovery realizes sustainable use of resources. The entire method mainly uses physical means, reducing the use of chemical agents, meeting environmental protection requirements, and being suitable for different scales of port oil spill sewage scenes, with high adaptability and scalability.

[0066] In addition, the acoustic standing wave field overcomes the surface tension of oil droplets through acoustic radiation force to promote aggregation, which directly solves the problem of difficult handling of small oil droplets. The biomimetic coating of magnetic nanofluid adsorbs oil droplets through molecular-level interaction, improving adsorption selectivity and capacity, and thus enhancing treatment efficiency. The gradient magnetic field uses magnetic field force for directional control, avoiding the energy consumption and complex operation caused by mechanical stirring, and improving separation precision. The collection structure ensures the centralized removal of oil stains through physical separation mechanism, reducing loss during the treatment process. The desorption structure releases oil stains through controllable conditions, maintains the integrity of magnetic nanoparticles, and prolongs the service life. These effects work together to make the method superior to traditional technologies in efficiency, cost, and environmental friendliness, providing an innovative solution for port oil spill sewage treatment.

[0067] The acoustic standing wave field effectively gathers the dispersed oil droplets, improves the size and concentration of the oil droplets, and lays a foundation for subsequent processing; after the magnetic nanofluid is injected, the biomimetic coating and the oil droplets are adsorbed to form a stable complex, and the magnetic responsiveness of the oil droplets is enhanced; after the gradient magnetic field is applied, the complex moves directionally, realizes rapid enrichment and migration; the collection structure separates the oil stains and purifies water, ensures the purity of the processing result; the desorption structure recovers the magnetic nanoparticles, reduces resource consumption and operating cost; the whole method is connected through steps, avoids interruption in processing, and improves continuous processing capacity; acoustic aggregation reduces the use of chemical additives, reduces environmental impact; magnetic adsorption improves the oil droplet capture rate and reduces the risk of omission; magnetic field migration optimizes energy utilization and improves processing speed; the collection process simplifies the operation steps and enhances the practicability; desorption recovery promotes material recycling and supports sustainable development; the overall efficiency is enhanced by the synergistic effect of each step, solving the problem of low efficiency of traditional methods; the method has strong adaptability and can process sewage with different oil concentrations; and finally realizes efficient, environmentally friendly and economic oil spill sewage treatment.

[0068] In some implementations, S1 includes:

[0069] S11: based on the port oil spill sewage to be processed, setting the frequency and amplitude parameters of the electric signal of the signal generator through the control unit;

[0070] S12: based on the set frequency and amplitude parameters of the electric signal, outputting the electric signal with corresponding frequency and amplitude through the signal generator;

[0071] S13: based on the output electric signal, converting the electric signal into mechanical vibration with the same frequency through the piezoelectric transducer;

[0072] S14: based on the mechanical vibration, exciting ultrasonic waves in the medium through the piezoelectric transducer;

[0073] S15: based on the generated ultrasonic waves, reflecting the acoustic waves through the acoustic reflector to form an acoustic standing wave field, so that the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill sewage move to the nodal position under the action of acoustic radiation force and are gathered to obtain oil droplet aggregates.

[0074] Specifically, first, based on the port oil spill sewage to be processed, the signal generator's electrical signal frequency and amplitude parameters are set by the control unit. The control unit adjusts the parameters according to the characteristics of the sewage to ensure the optimal generation of the acoustic standing wave field. The selection of the electrical signal frequency and amplitude parameters affects the wavelength and intensity of the sound wave, thereby determining the size and range of the acoustic radiation force. Next, based on the set electrical signal frequency and amplitude parameters, the signal generator outputs electrical signals of corresponding frequency and amplitude. The signal generator converts digital or analog signals into electrical output, providing input for subsequent transduction. Then, based on the output electrical signal, the electrical signal is converted into mechanical vibration of the same frequency by the piezoelectric transducer. The piezoelectric transducer uses the piezoelectric effect to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, generating high-frequency vibration. Based on the mechanical vibration, the piezoelectric transducer excites ultrasonic waves in the medium. The ultrasonic waves propagate in the sewage, forming a sound wave field. The frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic waves directly affect the stability of the acoustic standing wave field. Finally, based on the generated ultrasonic waves, the acoustic reflector reflects the sound waves to form an acoustic standing wave field. The acoustic reflector is arranged at a specific position. The reflected sound waves interfere with the incident waves to form a standing wave pattern. The dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill sewage move towards the nodal position under the action of acoustic radiation force and gather, resulting in oil droplet aggregates.

[0075] The technical effect of this refinement is to improve the controllability and precision of the acoustic standing wave field. The control unit allows dynamic adjustment of parameters according to actual sewage conditions, thereby optimizing the oil droplet aggregation effect. The use of the signal generator ensures stable output of the electrical signal, reduces external interference, and improves processing consistency. The piezoelectric transducer has high conversion efficiency and can generate high-intensity ultrasonic waves, enhancing the range of acoustic radiation force. The design of the acoustic reflector promotes the formation of the standing wave field, making the oil droplet aggregation more concentrated and efficient. Overall, these steps improve the reliability and adaptability of the aggregation process by precisely controlling acoustic parameters, providing a higher quality pre-treatment basis for subsequent magnetic adsorption and separation.

[0076] The parameter setting of the control unit allows the acoustic standing wave field to adapt to different oil droplet sizes and concentrations, improving the flexibility of the method. The signal generator output ensures the accuracy of the sound wave frequency, avoiding energy loss. The high-efficiency conversion of the piezoelectric transducer reduces energy consumption while enhancing the penetration of ultrasonic waves. The reflection of the acoustic reflector optimizes the standing wave pattern, making the oil droplet movement path more controllable. These effects collectively ensure the efficient operation of the acoustic aggregation step, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of the entire processing flow.

[0077] In some implementations, S2 includes:

[0078] S21: providing a pre-prepared magnetic nanofluid, the magnetic nanofluid being composed of magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on the surface dispersed in a base fluid;

[0079] S22: Inject magnetic nanofluid into the sewage containing oil droplet aggregates at a set flow ratio through a metering pump;

[0080] S23: Based on the mixture of injected magnetic nanofluid and oil droplet aggregates, stirring mixing is performed through a stirring structure to make the magnetic nanoparticles fully contact and adsorb the oil droplets, forming oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complexes.

[0081] Specifically, first, a pre-prepared magnetic nanofluid is provided, which is composed of magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating dispersed in a base fluid, which can be water or an organic solvent, to ensure uniform suspension and stability of the particles. The biomimetic coating of the magnetic nanoparticles has specific chemical properties that enable selective adsorption with oil droplets. Then, the magnetic nanofluid is injected into the sewage containing oil droplet aggregates at a set flow ratio through a metering pump, which accurately controls the injection amount to avoid excess or deficiency, ensuring adsorption efficiency. The flow ratio is adjusted according to the oil concentration of the sewage and the processing target to optimize resource use. Then, based on the mixture of injected magnetic nanofluid and oil droplet aggregates, stirring mixing is performed through a stirring structure, which can use mechanical or magnetic stirring, to make the magnetic nanoparticles fully contact and adsorb the oil droplets, forming oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complexes. The stirring process promotes the collision and combination of particles and oil droplets, improving the adsorption rate and uniformity.

[0082] The technical effect of this detailed step is to improve the precision of magnetic nanofluid injection and adsorption efficiency. The pre-prepared magnetic nanofluid ensures the stability and functionality of the particles, reducing the complexity of on-site preparation. The precise control of the metering pump avoids fluid waste and optimizes the economic efficiency of the adsorption process. Stirring mixing enhances the contact opportunity, making adsorption more thorough, thereby improving the formation quality of the complex. Overall, these steps improve the reliability and effectiveness of the magnetic adsorption step through controllable injection and mixing, laying a solid foundation for subsequent magnetic field migration.

[0083] The pre-preparation of magnetic nanofluid ensures the uniform dispersion of particles and the integrity of the coating, thereby improving the adsorption capacity. The flow control of the metering pump makes the injection amount adapt to the changes in sewage, avoiding the cost problems caused by excessive injection. The stirring structure promotes fluid mixing, reduces adsorption dead zones, and ensures comprehensive coverage. These effects collectively enhance the efficiency of the S2 step, making the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complex more stable and uniform, supporting the coherence of the overall processing flow.

[0084] In some implementations, the preparation of magnetic nanofluid in S21 includes:

[0085] S211: Provide magnetic nanoparticles;

[0086] S212: Coating a layer of biomimetic coating on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles through a surface modification process, the biomimetic coating being a polymer coating with temperature response characteristics and pH response characteristics;

[0087] S213: Uniformly dispersing the surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles in the base fluid carrier through a dispersion device to obtain the magnetic nanofluid.

[0088] Specifically, first, magnetic nanoparticles are provided, which can be composed of ferrite or metal oxide, with high magnetic responsiveness and chemical stability. The size and shape of the magnetic nanoparticles affect their dispersibility and adsorption performance, so it is crucial to select appropriate particles. Next, a layer of biomimetic coating is coated on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles through a surface modification process, the biomimetic coating being a polymer coating with temperature response characteristics and pH response characteristics, the surface modification process may involve chemical deposition or self-assembly method, to ensure uniform coverage of the coating. The response characteristics of the biomimetic coating enable it to adjust hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity according to environmental changes, thereby optimizing the adsorption and desorption processes. Then, the surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the base fluid carrier through a dispersion device to obtain the magnetic nanofluid, the dispersion device may use ultrasonic or mechanical stirring method to break the particle agglomeration and achieve stable suspension. The selection of the base fluid carrier takes into account the viscosity compatibility to ensure the fluidity of the fluid during the dosing process.

[0089] The technical effect of this detailed step is to improve the functionality and applicability of the magnetic nanofluid. The provision of magnetic nanoparticles ensures the magnetic and chemical properties of the base material, providing core functions for subsequent processing. The surface modification process enhances the intelligent responsiveness of the particles, enabling them to adapt to different sewage conditions and improve adsorption selectivity. The use of a dispersion device ensures the uniformity of the fluid, avoiding particle settling or clogging and prolonging the service life. Overall, these steps improve the quality and reliability of the magnetic nanofluid through precise preparation, thereby enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of the entire treatment method.

[0090] The provision of magnetic nanoparticles ensures high magnetic responsiveness, laying the foundation for adsorption; the surface modification process coats a biomimetic coating, enhancing the intelligent response capability of the particles; the dispersion equipment uniformly disperses the particles, improving the fluid stability; the prepared magnetic nanofluid has temperature and pH response characteristics, optimizing the adsorption process; surface modification makes the coating evenly cover, avoiding particle failure; the dispersion process reduces agglomeration, ensuring fluid flowability; the entire preparation step improves the quality and functionality of the fluid through process refinement; the selection of magnetic nanoparticles affects the overall performance, supporting efficient treatment; the surface modification process introduces environmental adaptability, improving the flexibility of the method; the use of dispersion equipment ensures long-term stability and reduces maintenance requirements; these sub-steps work together to ensure the reliable preparation of magnetic nanofluid; ultimately, the production of high-performance fluid supports the successful implementation of the entire treatment process.

[0091] In some implementations, the preparation of the biomimetic coating in S212 includes:

[0092] S2121: providing natural biological slime as a biomimetic synthesis template to synthesize a three-dimensional polymer network with temperature response characteristics and pH response characteristics;

[0093] S2122: dissolving the synthesized three-dimensional polymer network in a solvent to prepare a polymer solution;

[0094] S2123: immersing magnetic nanoparticles in the polymer solution to form a nanometer-thick biomimetic coating on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles through interfacial self-assembly.

[0095] Specifically, first, natural biological slime is provided as a biomimetic synthesis template. The natural biological slime may come from plant or microbial sources, and its unique network structure provides inspiration for polymer synthesis, synthesizing a three-dimensional polymer network with temperature response characteristics and pH response characteristics. The synthesis of the three-dimensional polymer network may be achieved through polymerization, and its structure mimics the adaptive properties of biological slime, enabling the coating to adjust its physical state according to environmental changes. Next, the synthesized three-dimensional polymer network is dissolved in a solvent to prepare a polymer solution, and the choice of solvent takes into account solubility and volatility to ensure uniformity and ease of handling of the solution. The concentration and viscosity of the polymer solution affect the thickness and performance of the coating, so the preparation conditions need to be optimized. Then, magnetic nanoparticles are immersed in the polymer solution to form a nanometer-thick biomimetic coating on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles through interfacial self-assembly. The immersion process may involve stirring or ultrasonic assistance to ensure that the solution fully contacts the particle surface, and the self-assembly is based on intermolecular forces to form a stable coating. The control of nanometer thickness ensures the functionality and durability of the coating while not affecting the magnetic performance of the particles.

[0096] The technical effect of this refinement step is to improve the intelligence and application effect of the biomimetic coating. The natural biological slime as a template provides biocompatibility and environmental friendliness, enhancing the sustainability of the coating. The synthesis of the three-dimensional polymer network introduces response characteristics, enabling the coating to reversibly adjust according to temperature or pH changes, thereby optimizing oil droplet adsorption and desorption efficiency. The preparation of the polymer solution ensures the uniformity and processability of the coating, providing a foundation for subsequent coating. The dipping and self-assembly process forms a nanometer-thick coating, reducing material waste while maintaining the core functionality of the particles. Overall, these steps enhance the performance and reliability of the coating through biologically inspired preparation, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the magnetic nanofluid.

[0097] In some implementations, the adsorption of oil droplets by magnetic nanoparticles in S23 includes:

[0098] S231: During the stirring and mixing process, the temperature of the port oil spill wastewater is monitored. When the temperature is lower than the critical solubility temperature of the biomimetic coating, the biomimetic coating exhibits a sol state;

[0099] S232: Based on the sol state of the biomimetic coating, the hydrophobic segments in its molecular chains stretch and selectively recognize and combine with the alkane structures in the oil droplet molecules;

[0100] S233: Based on the selective combination, the oil droplets are captured and further diffuse into the stretched biomimetic coating, forming oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complexes.

[0101] First, during the stirring and mixing process, the temperature of the port oil spill wastewater is monitored. This monitoring is carried out in real time by a temperature sensor to ensure accurate temperature data feedback. When the temperature is lower than the critical solubility temperature of the biomimetic coating, the biomimetic coating exhibits a sol state. This state change is based on the conformational transition of the polymer chains, making the coating molecules more fluid and extensible. Based on the sol state of the biomimetic coating, the hydrophobic segments in its molecular chains stretch and selectively recognize and combine with the alkane structures in the oil droplet molecules. This selective recognition is based on intermolecular hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces, allowing the biomimetic coating to specifically capture oil droplets while being less affected by water molecules. Based on the selective combination, the oil droplets are captured and further diffuse into the stretched biomimetic coating, forming oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complexes. The diffusion process is driven by the concentration gradient, allowing the oil droplets to gradually embed in the coating network structure.

[0102] The technical effect of this refinement step is to improve the selectivity and efficiency of the adsorption process. Temperature monitoring ensures that the biomimetic coating is in optimal working condition, avoiding a decrease in adsorption effectiveness due to inadequate temperature. The sol state of the biomimetic coating allows the molecular chains to fully stretch, increasing the contact area with oil droplets and thus improving adsorption capacity. The stretching of hydrophobic segments enhances the affinity with oil droplet molecules, reducing non-specific adsorption through selective recognition and improving the precision of oil droplet capture. The diffusion of oil droplets into the coating further stabilizes the complex structure, preventing desorption during subsequent processing. Overall, these steps optimize the adsorption performance of magnetic nanoparticles through intelligent response and molecular-level interaction, providing a more reliable complex foundation for subsequent separation steps.

[0103] Specifically, temperature monitoring and response ensure that the coating is always in a sol state, which is a prerequisite for efficient adsorption. The stretching of hydrophobic segments utilizes the principle of "like dissolves like", making molecular recognition between the coating and oil droplets more efficient. Selective binding reduces interference from other impurities, improving adsorption purity. The oil droplet diffusion process enhances the binding strength, making the complex more stable under the subsequent magnetic field. These effects work together to make the adsorption step not only fast but also highly selective, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the overall processing flow.

[0104] In some implementations, S3 includes:

[0105] S31: generating an initial magnetic field through an energized electromagnetic coil;

[0106] S32: based on the initial magnetic field, changing the intensity distribution of the magnetic field by adjusting the current size to the electromagnetic coil to form a gradient magnetic field;

[0107] S33: based on the gradient magnetic field, allowing the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complex to be subjected to magnetic field force, and performing directional migration along the magnetic field gradient direction to obtain a migrated complex.

[0108] First, an initial magnetic field is generated through an energized electromagnetic coil. The electromagnetic coil generates a magnetic field when current passes through it, and the strength is proportional to the current size. The initial magnetic field is a uniform or approximately uniform magnetic field distribution. Based on the initial magnetic field, the intensity distribution of the magnetic field is changed by adjusting the current size to the electromagnetic coil to form a gradient magnetic field. The current adjustment is achieved through a control circuit, allowing the magnetic field to have intensity differences at different spatial positions. Based on the gradient magnetic field, the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complex is subjected to magnetic field force, and directional migration is performed along the magnetic field gradient direction to obtain a migrated complex. The magnetic field force size is related to the magnetic field gradient and the magnetization intensity of the complex, driving the complex to move to the high-intensity area.

[0109] The technical effect of this refinement step is to achieve precise control of the migration of the complex, the initial magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil provides a controllable magnetic source, avoiding the inconvenience of adjusting the permanent magnet. By adjusting the current to form a gradient magnetic field, the magnetic field force can be directed to act on the complex, achieving efficient migration and enrichment. The directional migration process shortens the separation time, reduces energy consumption, and avoids the possible breakage of the complex caused by mechanical stirring. Overall, these steps optimize the separation efficiency through electromagnetic control, providing more concentrated migration complexes for subsequent collection.

[0110] In some implementations, S5 includes:

[0111] S51: heating the oil stains containing magnetic nanoparticles by the heating unit to reduce the viscosity of the oil stains and desorb them from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles;

[0112] S52: based on the mixture of the oil phase and the magnetic nanoparticles formed after desorption, applying a magnetic field to the mixture by the magnetic field separation unit to separate the magnetic nanoparticles from the mixture after desorption;

[0113] S53: using a cleaning liquid to clean the separated magnetic nanoparticles by the cleaning unit to remove the residual oil on the surface and obtain regenerated magnetic nanoparticles.

[0114] First, the oil stains containing magnetic nanoparticles are heated by the heating unit, which can use electric heating or heat exchange, to reduce the viscosity of the oil stains and desorb them from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles. The reduced viscosity reduces the adhesion between the oil stains and the particles, promoting separation. Based on the mixture of the oil phase and the magnetic nanoparticles formed after desorption, a magnetic field is applied to the mixture by the magnetic field separation unit to separate the magnetic nanoparticles from the mixture after desorption. The magnetic field separation unit uses the magnetic responsiveness of the magnetic nanoparticles to move them to the collection area under the action of the magnetic field. The separated magnetic nanoparticles are cleaned by the cleaning unit using a cleaning liquid to remove the residual oil on the surface and obtain regenerated magnetic nanoparticles. The cleaning liquid can be a solvent or a surfactant solution to ensure the cleanliness of the particle surface.

[0115] The technical effect of this refinement step is to achieve efficient recovery and regeneration of magnetic nanoparticles. The heating unit reduces the viscosity of the oil stains by increasing the temperature, making the desorption process more complete and reducing the oil residue on the surface of the particles. The magnetic field separation unit uses magnetic force to quickly separate the particles, avoiding complex operations such as centrifugation or filtration, and improving the recovery efficiency. The cleaning unit further purifies the surface of the particles to ensure their performance recovery and extend their service life. Overall, these steps optimize the desorption and recovery process by combining heat and magnetic force, reducing processing costs, and supporting resource recycling.

[0116] In some implementations, S5 includes:

[0117] S54: heating the oil stain containing magnetic nanoparticles to a first temperature by the heating unit, so that the biomimetic coating is above its critical solubility temperature and undergoes a phase transition from sol to gel, shrinks in volume and extrudes the captured oil stain;

[0118] S55: adding a basic regulator to the system by the pH adjusting unit to increase the environmental pH value, so that the biomimetic coating undergoes a hydrophilization transition and promotes the desorption of the oil stain from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles;

[0119] S56: cooling the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles to a second temperature by the cooling unit, so that the biomimetic coating returns to the sol state and the regenerated magnetic nanoparticles are obtained.

[0120] First, the oil stain containing magnetic nanoparticles is heated to a first temperature by the heating unit, which is higher than the critical solubility temperature of the biomimetic coating, so that the biomimetic coating is above its critical solubility temperature and undergoes a phase transition from sol to gel, shrinks in volume and extrudes the captured oil stain. The phase transition process is based on the conformational change of polymer chains, so that the coating changes from an extended state to a contracted state. The pH adjusting unit adds a basic regulator to the system to increase the environmental pH value, so that the biomimetic coating undergoes a hydrophilization transition and promotes the desorption of the oil stain from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles. The hydrophilization transition increases the interfacial instability between the coating and the oil stain. The cooling unit cools the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles to a second temperature, so that the biomimetic coating returns to the sol state and the regenerated magnetic nanoparticles are obtained. The cooling process is achieved by heat exchange or natural cooling to ensure that the coating state is reversibly restored.

[0121] The technical effect of this detailed step is to achieve efficient desorption through a multiple response mechanism. The heating unit induces a phase transition that makes the coating shrink and actively extrude the oil stain, improving the desorption efficiency. The pH adjusting unit further enhances the desorption effect by changing the environmental chemical conditions, reducing energy consumption. The cooling unit restores the coating to its initial state, ensuring the reusability of the particles. Overall, these steps utilize temperature and pH dual response to achieve an intelligent and thorough desorption process, improving the quality of the recovered particles and the environmental friendliness of the method.

[0122] Example 2

[0123] As Figure 2 shown, in a second aspect, the present application provides a port oil spill sewage treatment device. The device uses the method provided in any of the above embodiments. The device comprises:

[0124] An acoustic standing wave structure is arranged at the inlet of the device for receiving the port oil spill sewage to be treated, and generates an acoustic standing wave field to make the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill sewage aggregate under the action of acoustic radiation force, and obtain an oil droplet aggregate;

[0125] The adding structure is connected to the outlet of the acoustic standing wave structure, and is used for injecting the magnetic nanofluid containing magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on the surface, so that the magnetic nanoparticles are adsorbed to the oil droplets in the oil droplet aggregate to form an oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complex.

[0126] The magnetic field structure is arranged behind the adding structure, and is used for applying a gradient magnetic field to make the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complex move directionally under the action of the magnetic field force to obtain a migrated complex.

[0127] The collecting structure is connected to the outlet of the magnetic field structure, and is used for separating the migrated complex from the water phase to obtain separated oil stains and purified water.

[0128] The desorption structure is connected to the oil stain outlet of the collecting structure, and is used for desorbing the oil stains from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles and recycling the magnetic nanoparticles after desorption.

[0129] The acoustic standing wave structure, the adding structure, the magnetic field structure, the collecting structure and the desorption structure are arranged in series to form a continuous processing flow.

[0130] The device realizes the integration and automation of the processing process. The acoustic standing wave structure aggregates the oil droplets through the acoustic field to provide a pretreatment basis for the subsequent steps. The adding structure accurately injects the magnetic nanofluid to ensure the adsorption efficiency. The magnetic field structure applies a gradient magnetic field to drive the complex to migrate directionally and optimize the separation effect. The collecting structure realizes oil-water separation to ensure the water quality. The desorption structure recycles the magnetic nanoparticles to support resource recycling. The series arrangement of the structures forms a continuous flow, reduces the intermediate pause and energy loss, and improves the overall processing efficiency and stability.

[0131] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement to part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for treating oil spill sewage in a port, characterized by, Comprise: S1: based on the port oil spill sewage to be processed, the acoustic standing wave field is generated through the acoustic standing wave structure, so that the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill sewage are gathered under the action of acoustic radiation force, and the oil droplet aggregates are obtained; S2: by injecting magnetic nanofluid through the structure, the magnetic nanofluid contains magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on the surface, so that the magnetic nanoparticles and the oil droplets in the oil droplet aggregates are adsorbed to form oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complexes; S3: by applying a gradient magnetic field through the magnetic field structure, the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complex is subjected to directional movement under the action of the magnetic field force, and the migrated complex is obtained; S4: the migrated complex is separated from the aqueous phase through the collection structure, and the separated oil dirt and purified water are obtained; S5: the oil dirt is desorbed from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles through the desorption structure, and the magnetic nanoparticles after desorption are recovered; Wherein, the preparation of the biomimetic coating comprises: S2121: providing natural biological slime as a biomimetic synthesis template, and synthesizing a three-dimensional polymer network with temperature response characteristics and pH response characteristics; S2122: dissolving the synthesized three-dimensional polymer network in a solvent to prepare a polymer solution; S2123: immerse the magnetic nanoparticles in the polymer solution, and form a nanometer-thick biomimetic coating on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles through interfacial self-assembly; The adsorption of the magnetic nanoparticles to the oil droplets comprises: S231: during the stirring and mixing process, the temperature of the port oil spill sewage is monitored, and when the temperature is lower than the critical solubility temperature of the biomimetic coating, the biomimetic coating is in sol state; S232: based on the sol state of the biomimetic coating, the hydrophobic segment in the molecular chain of the biomimetic coating is stretched, and selectively recognizes and combines with the alkane structure in the oil droplet molecules; S233: based on the selective combination, the oil droplets are captured and further diffuse into the stretched biomimetic coating to form oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complexes; S5 comprises: S51: heating the oil dirt containing magnetic nanoparticles through a heating unit to reduce the viscosity of the oil dirt and desorb it from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles; S52: based on the mixture of the oil phase formed after desorption and the magnetic nanoparticles, a magnetic field is applied to the mixture through a magnetic field separation unit to separate the magnetic nanoparticles from the mixture after desorption; S53: the separated magnetic nanoparticles are cleaned with a cleaning liquid through a cleaning unit to remove the residual oil on the surface, and regenerated magnetic nanoparticles are obtained; or S5 comprises: S54: heating the oil dirt containing magnetic nanoparticles to a first temperature through a heating unit, so that the biomimetic coating exceeds its critical solubility temperature and undergoes a phase transition from sol state to gel state, and the volume shrinks and squeezes out the captured oil dirt; S55: adding an alkaline adjusting agent to the system through a pH adjusting unit to increase the environmental pH value, so that the biomimetic coating undergoes a hydrophilic transformation, and the desorption of the oil dirt from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles is promoted; S56: cooling the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles to a second temperature through a cooling unit to restore the biomimetic coating to sol state, and obtaining regenerated magnetic nanoparticles.

2. A method of treating oil spill water at a port according to claim 1, wherein S1 comprises: S11: based on the port oil spill sewage to be processed, the signal generator is set by the control unit The frequency and amplitude parameters of the electric signal; S12: based on the set electric signal frequency and amplitude parameters, the signal generator outputs the electric signal with corresponding frequency and amplitude; S13: based on the output electric signal, the piezoelectric transducer converts the electric signal into mechanical vibration with the same frequency; S14: based on the mechanical vibration, the piezoelectric transducer excites ultrasonic waves in the medium; S15: based on the generated ultrasonic waves, the acoustic reflector reflects the acoustic waves to form an acoustic standing wave field, so that the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill sewage move to the wave node position under the action of acoustic radiation force and gather to obtain oil droplet aggregates.

3. The method for treating oil spill sewage in a port according to claim 1, characterized in that S2 It includes: S21: providing a pre-prepared magnetic nanofluid, the magnetic nanofluid being composed of magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on the surface dispersed in a base fluid; S22: inject the magnetic nanofluid into the sewage containing the oil droplet aggregates through the metering pump according to the set flow ratio; S23: based on the mixture of the injected magnetic nanofluid and the oil droplet aggregates, the stirring structure is stirred and mixed to make the magnetic nanoparticles fully contact and adsorb the oil droplets to form oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complexes.

4. A method of treating oil spill water at a port according to claim 3, wherein The preparation of the magnetic nanofluid in S21 includes: S211: providing magnetic nanoparticles; S212: coating a layer of biomimetic coating on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles through a surface modification process, the biomimetic coating being a polymer coating with temperature response characteristics and pH response characteristics; S213: uniformly dispersing the surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles in the base fluid carrier through a dispersion device to obtain the magnetic nanofluid.

5. The method for treating oil spill sewage in a port according to claim 1, characterized in that S3 It includes: S31: generating an initial magnetic field through the energized electromagnetic coil; S32: based on the initial magnetic field, the strength distribution of the magnetic field is changed by adjusting the current size to the electromagnetic coil to form a gradient magnetic field; S33: based on the gradient magnetic field, the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complex is subjected to the action of the magnetic field force and migrates in the direction of the magnetic field gradient to obtain a migrated complex.

6. A harbor oil spill sewage treatment device, characterized by, The device adopts the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, and the device comprises: An acoustic standing wave structure arranged at the inlet of the device for receiving the port oil spill sewage to be processed and generating an acoustic standing wave field to make the dispersed oil droplets in the port oil spill sewage gather under the action of acoustic radiation force to obtain oil droplet aggregates; A dosing structure connected to the outlet of the acoustic standing wave structure for injecting a magnetic nanofluid containing magnetic nanoparticles with a biomimetic coating on the surface to make the magnetic nanoparticles adsorb the oil droplets in the oil droplet aggregates to form oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complexes; A magnetic field structure arranged behind the dosing structure for applying a gradient magnetic field to make the oil droplet-magnetic nanoparticle complex move directionally under the action of the magnetic field force to obtain a migrated complex; A collection structure connected to the outlet of the magnetic field structure for separating the migrated complex from the aqueous phase to obtain separated oil pollution and purified water; A desorption structure connected to the oil pollution outlet of the collection structure for desorbing the oil pollution from the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles and recovering the desorbed magnetic nanoparticles; The acoustic standing wave structure, the adding structure, the magnetic field structure, the collecting structure and the desorption structure are arranged in series in sequence to form a continuous treatment process.

Images