High performance anti-penetration concrete and method of making same

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of special low-carbon building materials, in particular to high-performance anti-penetration concrete and a preparation method thereof. Industrial solid wastes are used as cementing materials, discarded nanometer ceramic balls, carbonized steel slag coarse aggregates and modified steel slag fine aggregates are used as aggregates, basalt fibers, wollastonite fibers and nanometer carbon fibers are used for composite toughening, and water reducing agents and retarders are used as admixtures, so that high-performance anti-penetration concrete with good fluidity, high mechanical properties and excellent anti-penetration performance is prepared.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of special low-carbon building materials, in particular to a high-performance anti-penetration concrete and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The anti-penetration concrete is a material specially designed or reinforced, which can significantly improve the battlefield survivability of structural facilities, ensure the safety of military command and weapon equipment in war environment, and guarantee the operation of people's livelihood. The research and development of the anti-penetration concrete in the prior art focuses on three directions, one is to add steel fibers to improve the toughness of the concrete, the second is to use high-strength coarse aggregate to improve the anti-penetration performance, and the third is to set a functional gradient layer to improve the comprehensive protection capability. However, the steel fibers are not easy to disperse, the preparation and construction of the concrete are difficult, the source of the high-strength coarse aggregate is limited, which is a non-renewable resource, and the preparation process of the multi-layer functional gradient concrete is complex, and a large amount of high-strength cement is used, which is high in cost.

[0003] Grinding is one of the main processing procedures in the mineral processing process. Through the impact grinding of the grinding medium on the mineral, the mineral is broken and refined. In recent years, nano ceramic balls are more used for grinding. In the preparation process of the nano ceramic ball, rare earth materials and oxides are added, and the fineness of the calcined powder and the calcination temperature are strictly controlled. The nano ceramic ball has the advantages of lighter weight, higher strength, good wear resistance, strong heat resistance and corrosion resistance, and the particle size can be as large as φ25mm or more. During use, the grinding medium loss and grinding power consumption can be reduced. During the grinding process, some small particle size balls will escape from the grate plate during use. During the grinding process, the grinding medium will be abandoned. The shape of the abandoned nano ceramic ball changes due to wear. Generally, it is abandoned and not recycled.

[0004] Cement production emits a large amount of carbon dioxide. Solid waste recycling is a hot topic in the development of the building materials industry. Most anti-penetration concretes are produced using high-strength cement. How to use solid waste to meet the performance requirements of anti-penetration concrete still has a technical gap. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the problems in the prior art, the present application provides a high-performance anti-penetration concrete. Industrial solid waste is used as a cementitious material, waste nano ceramic balls, carbonized steel slag coarse aggregate, and modified steel slag fine aggregate are used as aggregate, and basalt fiber, wollastonite fiber, and nano carbon fiber are used for composite toughening. Water reducing agent and retarder are used as admixtures to prepare a high-performance anti-penetration concrete with good fluidity, high mechanical properties, and excellent anti-penetration performance.

[0006] Specifically, the high-performance anti-penetration concrete is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 320-350 parts of mineral powder, 200-220 parts of metakaolin, 150-160 parts of red mud, 20-40 parts of silica fume, 15-20 parts of sodium silicate, 5-8 parts of high-alumina cement clinker, 450-500 parts of waste nanoceramic balls, 500-550 parts of carbonized steel slag coarse aggregate, 800-850 parts of modified steel slag fine aggregate, 3-5 parts of basalt fiber, 2-5 parts of wollastonite fiber, 2-4 parts of nanocarbon fiber, 7-12 parts of water reducing agent, 3-6 parts of retarder, and 150-165 parts of water.

[0007] The present application first studies the aggregate system, and a main factor of the anti-penetration ability of the concrete is the aggregate, especially the coarse aggregate. The nanoceramic ball has high hardness and strength as a grinding medium, and the abandoned nanoceramic ball is roughly irregularly elliptical, and the particle size is still in the range of the coarse aggregate for concrete. The density of the nanoceramic ball is close to that of the corundum aggregate, and is slightly larger than that of the ordinary coarse aggregate for concrete. The present application reuses the nanoceramic ball to prepare the anti-penetration concrete. Through a large number of tests, the nanoceramic ball and the carbonized steel slag coarse aggregate are used as the coarse aggregate. The steel slag is a by-product of the steel industry, and has the characteristics of high strength and wear resistance. The present application carbonizes the steel slag to eliminate the volume stability hazard, and the abandoned ceramic coarse aggregate and the carbonized steel slag coarse aggregate form a high-strength framework to improve the anti-penetration ability of the concrete. The two have good matching effect. It is found in the test that if the abandoned ceramic coarse aggregate is used as the coarse aggregate alone, the anti-penetration effect will be weakened. The reason may be that the abandoned ceramic coarse aggregate has relatively few corners on the surface, and the bonding effect with the concrete slurry is slightly poor.

[0008] The present application selects the cementitious material system after the coarse aggregate selection, the composition of the cementitious material system is related to the workability and mechanical properties of concrete, the present application selects the mineral powder and the metakaolin as the main active substance, adds the red mud and the sodium silicate as the activator, and adds the silica fume to supplement the cementitious activity, the cementitious material slurry viscosity is moderate, without adding thickening agent, and the aggregate is well matched, in order to further improve the concrete density, the present application selects the modified steel slag fine aggregate, and the modified steel slag fine aggregate is soaked in saturated lime water and then carbonized, so that the micro-nano calcium carbonate fine particles are generated, which not only fills the micropores of the steel slag fine aggregate, but also forms a relatively rough surface, which is beneficial to the close extrusion and embedding of the coarse aggregate, the fine aggregate and the cementitious material, improves the impact resistance of the waste nanometer ceramic ball as the coarse aggregate in the concrete, and the micro-nano calcium carbonate can be used as the cementitious material hydration active site to promote the cementitious material hydration, and the present application further adds a small amount of high-alumina cement clinker, which can promote the hydration of the cementitious active substance, and the calcium aluminate mineral can react with the micro-nano calcium carbonate particles on the surface of the fine aggregate to generate hydrated calcium aluminum carbonate, improve the aggregate interface transition zone, and further improve the impact resistance of the concrete.

[0009] Preferably, the mineral powder is at least one of S95 grade and S105 grade.

[0010] Preferably, the waste nanometer ceramic ball is a waste grinding medium generated in the grinding process of the mill, and the particle size is 5-8mm. Preferably, the main material of the waste nanometer ceramic ball is at least one of zirconia-based, silicon nitride-based and alumina-based.

[0011] Preferably, the carbonized steel slag coarse aggregate is obtained by carbonizing the steel slag coarse aggregate, and the particle size of the steel slag coarse aggregate is 5-20mm.

[0012] Preferably, the carbonization treatment is carbonization for 18-36h by using CO2-containing gas, and the pressure is 0.2-0.5MPa. More preferably, the CO2-containing gas is an industrial product or an industrial waste gas.

[0013] Preferably, in the preparation process of the modified steel slag fine aggregate, the particle size of the steel slag fine aggregate is 0.5-4.25mm.

[0014] Preferably, the basalt fiber has a length of 3-5mm, the wollastonite fiber has a length of 0.5-1mm, and the nanometer carbon fiber has a diameter of 150-200nm and a length of 10-20μm.

[0015] The prior art adds steel fibers to concrete to form a constraint and improve the anti-penetration ability, but the dispersion is not easy, the molding is difficult, and the steel fibers are easy to sink, the present application is matched with the coarse aggregate and cementitious material system of the waste nanometer ceramic ball and the carbonized steel slag coarse aggregate, a large number of tests are screened to use basalt fibers, wollastonite fibers and nanometer carbon fibers to improve the toughness of the concrete, and the concrete structure is not cracked when subjected to the impact of a projectile, and the overall anti-penetration ability of the concrete is improved.

[0016] Preferably, the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.

[0017] Preferably, the retarder is at least one of borax, sodium gluconate and sucrose.

[0018] The present application also relates to a preparation method of the high-performance anti-penetration concrete, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0019] 1) each raw material is weighed by weight parts,

[0020] 2) each raw material is mixed uniformly,

[0021] 3) molding and curing are performed, and the high-performance anti-penetration concrete is obtained.

[0022] The present application does not specifically limit the mixing order of each raw material, as long as each raw material is uniformly mixed and the workability of the concrete is good, which falls within the protection scope of the present application, including but not limited to powder mixing, adding aggregate mixing, adding water to the admixture and then mixing, or mixing the powder, adding part of the water, adding aggregate, dissolving the admixture in the remaining water and then mixing, or mixing the powder, adding water with the admixture dissolved, and then adding aggregate and mixing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to characterize the technical effect of the present application, the concrete is prepared and the performance is tested, wherein the anti-penetration test adopts a scaled-down test, the diameter of the concrete cylindrical target body is 0.6 m, the thickness is 1.5 m, a 3 mm thick steel cylinder is wrapped around the outer periphery of the cylindrical target body to reduce the boundary effect of the target body, the armor-piercing projectile is made of 35CrMnSi steel, the length of the projectile is 185 mm, the diameter is 28.2 mm, the CRH is 3, and the wall thickness is 3.3 mm. In the test process, the mineral powder is S105 grade mineral powder, the waste nanometer ceramic ball is an alumina-based ball with a particle size of 5-8 mm, the carbonized steel slag coarse aggregate is obtained by carbonizing 5-20 mm steel slag coarse aggregate under the action of 90% CO2 gas at a pressure of 0.2 MPa for 24 h, and the modified steel slag fine aggregate is obtained by soaking 0.5-4.25 mm steel slag fine aggregate in saturated lime water, and then carbonizing the soaked steel slag fine aggregate under the action of 90% CO2 gas at a pressure of 0.3 MPa for 20 h. In the process of mechanical property test, the concrete test piece is standard cured for 28 days, and the concrete cylindrical target body is naturally cured for 28 days in the process of anti-penetration test.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] The concrete is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 330 parts of mineral powder, 220 parts of metakaolin, 150 parts of red mud, 20 parts of silica fume, 17 parts of sodium silicate, 7 parts of high-alumina cement clinker, 470 parts of waste nanoceramic balls, 530 parts of carbonized steel slag coarse aggregate, 840 parts of modified steel slag fine aggregate, 4 parts of basalt fiber, 3 parts of wollastonite fiber, 3 parts of nanocarbon fiber, 11 parts of water reducing agent, 4 parts of retarder, and 160 parts of water.

[0026] The test results show that the initial slump spread of the concrete is 700 mm, the 28d compressive strength is 125 MPa, the 28d flexural strength is 10.9 MPa, the projectile impact velocity is 523 m / s, the penetration depth is 92 mm, the crater diameter is 136 mm, the projectile impact velocity is 905 m / s, the penetration depth is 133 mm, and the crater diameter is 157 mm.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] The concrete is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 340 parts of mineral powder, 200 parts of metakaolin, 150 parts of red mud, 30 parts of silica fume, 18 parts of sodium silicate, 8 parts of high-alumina cement clinker, 500 parts of waste nanoceramic balls, 510 parts of carbonized steel slag coarse aggregate, 850 parts of modified steel slag fine aggregate, 3 parts of basalt fiber, 4 parts of wollastonite fiber, 4 parts of nanocarbon fiber, 12 parts of water reducing agent, 4 parts of retarder, and 160 parts of water.

[0029] The test results show that the initial slump spread of the concrete is 710 mm, the 28d compressive strength is 132 MPa, the 28d flexural strength is 11.6 MPa, the projectile impact velocity is 526 m / s, the penetration depth is 89 mm, the crater diameter is 132 mm, the projectile impact velocity is 911 m / s, the penetration depth is 128 mm, and the crater diameter is 144 mm.

[0030] Comparative Example 1

[0031] The concrete is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 350 parts of P·O 52.5 cement, 200 parts of fly ash, 120 parts of mineral powder, 30 parts of silica fume, 500 parts of waste nanoceramic balls, 510 parts of carbonized steel slag coarse aggregate, 850 parts of modified steel slag fine aggregate, 3 parts of basalt fiber, 4 parts of wollastonite fiber, 4 parts of nanocarbon fiber, 12 parts of water reducing agent, 4 parts of retarder, and 160 parts of water.

[0032] The test results show that the initial slump spread of the concrete is 680 mm, the 28d compressive strength is 127 MPa, the 28d flexural strength is 11.5 MPa, the projectile impact velocity is 519 m / s, the penetration depth is 98 mm, the crater diameter is 145 mm, the projectile impact velocity is 908 m / s, the penetration depth is 132 mm, and the crater diameter is 160 mm.

[0033] Comparative Example 2

[0034] The concrete is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 340 parts of mineral powder, 230 parts of fly ash, 158 parts of red mud, 18 parts of sodium silicate, 500 parts of waste nanoceramic balls, 510 parts of carbonized steel slag coarse aggregate, 850 parts of modified steel slag fine aggregate, 3 parts of basalt fiber, 4 parts of wollastonite fiber, 4 parts of nanocarbon fiber, 12 parts of water reducing agent, 4 parts of retarder, and 160 parts of water.

[0035] It is detected that the initial slump spread of the concrete is 720 mm, the 28d compressive strength is 107 MPa, the 28d flexural strength is 9.6 MPa, the projectile impact velocity is 521 m / s, the penetration depth is 118 mm, the crater diameter is 172 mm, the projectile impact velocity is 913 m / s, the penetration depth is 176 mm, and the crater diameter is 197 mm.

[0036] Comparative Example 3

[0037] The concrete is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 340 parts of mineral powder, 200 parts of metakaolin, 150 parts of red mud, 30 parts of silica ash, 18 parts of sodium silicate, 8 parts of high-alumina cement clinker, 1100 parts of carbonized steel slag coarse aggregate, 850 parts of modified steel slag fine aggregate, 3 parts of basalt fiber, 4 parts of wollastonite fiber, 4 parts of nanocarbon fiber, 12 parts of water reducing agent, 4 parts of retarder, and 160 parts of water.

[0038] It is detected that the initial slump spread of the concrete is 670 mm, the 28d compressive strength is 119 MPa, the 28d flexural strength is 10.7 MPa, the projectile impact velocity is 508 m / s, the penetration depth is 165 mm, the crater diameter is 227 mm, the projectile impact velocity is 908 m / s, the penetration depth is 265 mm, and the crater diameter is 243 mm.

[0039] Comparative Example 4

[0040] The concrete is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 340 parts of mineral powder, 200 parts of metakaolin, 150 parts of red mud, 30 parts of silica ash, 18 parts of sodium silicate, 8 parts of high-alumina cement clinker, 1100 parts of waste nanoceramic balls, 850 parts of modified steel slag fine aggregate, 3 parts of basalt fiber, 4 parts of wollastonite fiber, 4 parts of nanocarbon fiber, 12 parts of water reducing agent, 4 parts of retarder, and 160 parts of water.

[0041] It is detected that the initial slump spread of the concrete is 720 mm, the 28d compressive strength is 97 MPa, the 28d flexural strength is 9.1 MPa, the projectile impact velocity is 522 m / s, the penetration depth is 149 mm, the crater diameter is 185 mm, the projectile impact velocity is 904 m / s, the penetration depth is 166 mm, and the crater diameter is 198 mm.

[0042] Comparative Example 5

[0043] The concrete is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 340 parts of mineral powder, 200 parts of metakaolin, 150 parts of red mud, 30 parts of silica fume, 18 parts of sodium silicate, 8 parts of high-alumina cement clinker, 500 parts of waste nanoceramic balls, 510 parts of carbonized steel slag coarse aggregate, 850 parts of modified steel slag fine aggregate, 6 parts of polyvinyl alcohol fiber, 5 parts of glass fiber, 12 parts of water reducing agent, 4 parts of retarder and 160 parts of water.

[0044] It is detected that the initial slump spread of the concrete is 700 mm, the 28d compressive strength is 129 MPa, the 28d flexural strength is 10.2 MPa, the projectile impact velocity is 510 m / s, the penetration depth is 125 mm, the crater diameter is 163 mm, the projectile impact velocity is 909 m / s, the penetration depth is 177 mm and the crater diameter is 186 mm.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement to part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A high performance anti-penetration concrete, characterized in that The modified steel slag fine aggregate preparation process is as follows: the steel slag fine aggregate is soaked in saturated lime water for water saturation treatment, and then subjected to carbonization treatment. The mineral powder is at least one of S95 and S105.

2. The high performance anti-penetration concrete of claim 1, wherein The waste nanometer ceramic ball is a waste grinding medium generated in a grinding process of a mill, and has a particle size of 5-8 mm.

3. The high performance anti-penetration concrete of claim 1, wherein The carbonized steel slag coarse aggregate is obtained by carbonizing steel slag coarse aggregate, and the particle size of the steel slag coarse aggregate is 5-20 mm.

4. The high performance anti-penetration concrete of claim 1, wherein The carbonization treatment is carbonization for 18-36 h by using a CO2-containing gas under a pressure of 0.2-0.5 MPa.

5. The high performance anti-penetration concrete of claim 4, wherein In the modified steel slag fine aggregate preparation process, the particle size of the steel slag fine aggregate is 0.5-4.25 mm.

6. The high performance anti-penetration concrete of claim 1, wherein The basalt fiber has a length of 3-5 mm, the wollastonite fiber has a length of 0.5-1 mm, and the nanometer carbon fiber has a diameter of 150-200 nm and a length of 10-20 μm.

7. The high performance anti-penetration concrete of claim 1, wherein The water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.

8. The high performance anti-penetration concrete of claim 1, wherein The retarder is at least one of borax, sodium gluconate and sucrose.

9. The high performance anti-penetration concrete of claim 1, wherein The method comprises the following steps:

10. Process for the preparation of high-performance anti-intrusion concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that 1) weighing each raw material according to the weight fraction, 2) mixing each raw material uniformly, 3) forming and curing, and the product is obtained. ​