Intelligent self-adaptive road anti-collision device

Abstract

The invention provides an intelligent self-adaptive road anti-collision device, and relates to the technical field of road traffic safety, the intelligent self-adaptive road anti-collision device comprises a roadbed, a rubber pad and a support column, and the support column is fixed through an embedded bolt roadbed. The anti-collision assembly is installed on the supporting column, an outer flexible buffering layer, a middle intelligent damping layer and an inner rigid supporting layer are arranged in a stacked mode, and the inner rigid supporting layer is connected with the supporting column through bolts. The modularized connecting pieces are used for splicing adjacent assemblies through the plug-in type bolt pin mother pieces and the plug-in type bolt pin son pieces. The hydraulic anti-collision pad is hinged to the inner rigid supporting layer through a hydraulic telescopic rod. The distributed sensing network comprises a fiber bragg grating, a strain sensor, an acceleration sensor and a LoRa wireless gateway, and the strain sensor is fixed on the surface of the middle intelligent damping layer. The solar power supply unit supplies power to the sensing network, the induction arrow covers the outer surface of the hydraulic anti-collision pad, and the photosensitive sensor controls the LED lamp strip. And the data processing unit realizes collision damage real-time evaluation and maintenance response through the cloud server.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of road traffic safety, and particularly relates to an intelligent adaptive highway anti-collision device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The current highway anti-collision facilities have the following technical defects: (1) insufficient energy absorption efficiency, the energy absorption rate of the traditional wave-shaped beam guardrail is only 60%-70% when the speed is above 80km / h, which easily leads to the vehicle breaking through the guardrail or overturning; (2) damage monitoring lag, it is difficult to find hidden structural damage in time by relying on manual inspection; (3) poor environmental adaptability, the steel guardrail is easy to corrode and frost heave in coastal / cold regions, and the maintenance cost is high; (4) low repair efficiency, the overall structure needs to be replaced in a large area, and the single repair takes a long time.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an anti-collision device integrating efficient energy absorption, real-time monitoring, rapid repair and environmental adaptability. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides an intelligent adaptive highway anti-collision device, which comprises: a roadbed; a rubber pad and a support column are sequentially arranged above the roadbed from bottom to top, and the bottom of the support column is fixed with the roadbed through embedded bolts; an anti-collision assembly is installed on the support column, the anti-collision assembly comprises an outer flexible buffer layer, an intermediate intelligent damping layer and an inner rigid support layer which are sequentially stacked from outside to inside, and the inner rigid support layer is connected with the support column through bolts; a modular connecting piece connecting adjacent anti-collision assemblies, comprising a plug-in pin female piece and a plug-in pin male piece which are inserted into each other; a hydraulic anti-collision pad hinged with the inner rigid support layer through a hydraulic telescopic rod, the hydraulic anti-collision pad is arranged at a dangerous section; a sensing network distributedly arranged in the anti-collision assembly, comprising a fiber bragg grating, a strain sensor, an acceleration sensor and a LoRa wireless gateway, wherein the strain sensor is fixed on the surface of the intermediate intelligent damping layer; a solar power supply unit for supplying power to the sensing network, comprising a solar panel and a storage battery; an induced arrow arranged on the outer surface of the hydraulic anti-collision pad, the surface of the induced arrow is covered with a retroreflective film; a photosensitive sensor and an LED lamp strip arranged on the top of the anti-collision assembly; a data processing unit in communication with a cloud server, the data processing unit receives sensing data through the LoRa wireless gateway.

[0005] In some implementations, the outer flexible cushion layer is a honeycomb-shaped elastic polymer plate, the outer surface of the outer flexible cushion layer completely covers the reflective film, and a photocatalytic coating is sprayed on the outer side of the reflective film. The middle intelligent damping layer includes a plurality of shape memory alloy springs arranged in parallel, each spring axis is parallel to the road surface, a magnetorheological fluid damper is embedded in each spring, the magnetorheological fluid damper is fixed to the middle layer support through flanges at both ends, the spring is inserted into a honeycomb hole of the outer flexible cushion layer, and the spring corresponds to the honeycomb hole in a one-to-one manner. The inner rigid support layer is a fiber-reinforced composite material open-web truss, the web members and the chords of the truss form a rectangular cross-section frame, and the inner wall of the frame is locked to the side wall of the support column through bolts.

[0006] In some implementations, an electric heating wire is embedded in the alloy wire of the spring in an axial direction, the surface of the fiber-reinforced composite material open-web truss is fully covered with a polyurea waterproof layer, and the waterproof layer extends to wrap the connection nodes of the truss and the support column.

[0007] In some implementations, the female part is fixed to the center of the end face of the anti-collision assembly, the male part is protrudingly arranged on the end face of the adjacent anti-collision assembly, a ring-shaped groove is formed in the inner wall of the female part, and an elastic sealing ring is embedded in the ring-shaped groove.

[0008] In some implementations, the strain sensor is an optical fiber grating sensor, is fixedly attached to the surface of the chord of the middle intelligent damping layer, and the internal optical fiber of the strain sensor is fused to the optical fiber grating. The acceleration sensor is installed on the transverse support of the middle intelligent damping layer through a threaded fastener.

[0009] In some implementations, the cylinder end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is hingedly connected to the side face reinforcing plate of the inner rigid support layer through a first rotating shaft, and the piston rod end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is hingedly connected to the back support frame of the hydraulic anti-collision pad through a second rotating shaft. The LED light strip is embedded in the guide groove reserved at the top of the outer flexible cushion layer, and the transparent protective cover is covered on the opening of the guide groove.

[0010] In some implementations, the rubber pad is in a circular structure, and the upper and lower surfaces of the rubber pad are respectively attached to the bottom surface of the support column and the top surface of the roadbed. The embedded bolt penetrates the center through hole of the rubber pad and the mounting hole of the bottom plate of the support column in sequence and is fixedly pressed through a nut.

[0011] In some implementations, the optical fiber gratings are arranged at equal intervals along the chord axis direction of the middle intelligent damping layer, and one grating point is arranged at each interval.

[0012] In some implementations, the anti-collision assembly is an equal-section cuboid module, a circular insertion hole is formed in the center of the end face of the anti-collision assembly, the insertion rod of the female part is inserted into the insertion hole, and is fixed through a radial locking pin.

[0013] In some implementations, the honeycomb holes of the cellular elastic polymer plate are arranged in a uniform array, and the hole walls of the honeycomb holes are uniform in thickness.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: 1. Energy absorption efficiency is improved: the three-layer composite structure realizes energy gradient dissipation. The outer flexible buffer layer absorbs the impact energy in the first stage through the cellular polymer plate, reducing the initial collision peak; the middle intelligent damping layer is composed of shape memory alloy springs and magnetorheological fluid dampers, which dynamically adjust the damping force according to the collision speed, realizing adaptive buffering in the middle of the collision; the inner rigid support layer is supported by the fiber-reinforced composite open-web truss, ensuring that the residual energy is stably dissipated. The three-level synergy breaks through the bottleneck of collision energy absorption rate.

[0015] 2. Real-time damage monitoring: The distributed sensing network (fiber Bragg grating, strain sensor, acceleration sensor) collects structural deformation and vibration data in real time, and the LoRa wireless gateway uploads the data to the cloud platform, realizing rapid and accurate positioning of the damage module position after the collision, and completely solving the problem of manual inspection lag.

[0016] 3. Maintenance efficiency innovation: The modular connector (plug-in pin and female part) allows single modules to be replaced independently, and the secondary buffer protection of the hydraulic crash pad shortens the maintenance time and does not affect the integrity of adjacent modules during the replacement process.

[0017] 4. Full environmental adaptability: The solar power supply unit ensures the continuous operation of the sensing network in remote sections; the rubber pad isolates the vibration transmission of the roadbed, delaying the structure fatigue; the light-sensitive sensor automatically adjusts the brightness of the LED light strip, improving the visibility in rainy and foggy weather.

[0018] 5. Active safety enhancement: The hydraulic crash pad is hinged to the inner rigid support layer through a hydraulic telescopic rod, and pops out synchronously to form a secondary buffer when colliding in a sharp curve section; the induction arrow cooperates with the LED light strip to dynamically guide the traffic flow, reducing the risk of secondary accidents.

[0019] Each component forms a "dynamic energy absorption-smart warning-rapid repair" closed loop: the three-layer structure solves the energy absorption defect, the sensing network and the cloud server overcome the monitoring lag, the modular connector and the hydraulic system improve the maintenance efficiency, and the environmental adaptability design prolongs the life cycle of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the specific embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0021] Figure 1 The figure shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an intelligent adaptive highway collision avoidance device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 The diagram shown is an exploded structural schematic of an anti-collision component provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the mid-layer intelligent damping layer and sensor network provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a hydraulic telescopic rod and a hydraulic anti-collision pad provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a solar power supply unit and a LoRa wireless gateway provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the roadbed and rubber pad provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 The diagram shown is a sensor network layout diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 The diagram shown is a schematic of an AI damage assessment process provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0030] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the present invention proposes an intelligent adaptive highway collision avoidance device, comprising: Roadbed 1; Rubber pads 2 and support columns 3 are installed sequentially from bottom to top on the roadbed 1. The bottom of the support column 3 is fixed to the roadbed 1 by pre-embedded bolts. The anti-collision assembly installed on the support column 3 includes an outer flexible buffer layer 4, a middle intelligent damping layer 5 and an inner rigid support layer 6 stacked from the outside to the inside, wherein the inner rigid support layer 6 is connected to the support column 3 by bolts. Modular connectors for connecting adjacent anti-collision components include pluggable female pins 7 and female pins 8 that are interlocked; The hydraulic anti-collision pad 10 is hinged to the inner rigid support layer 6 via a hydraulic telescopic rod 9 and is installed in dangerous road sections. A distributed sensor network is set within the anti-collision component, including a fiber optic grating 11, a strain sensor 12, an acceleration sensor 13, and a LoRa wireless gateway 14, wherein the strain sensor 12 is fixed on the surface of the middle smart damping layer 5. A solar power supply unit 15 for powering the sensor network includes a solar panel and a battery; The guide arrow 16 is provided on the outer surface of the hydraulic anti-collision pad 10, and the surface of the guide arrow 16 is covered with a retroreflective film. A photosensitive sensor 17 and an LED light strip are installed on the top of the anti-collision assembly; The data processing unit 18 communicates with the cloud server and receives sensor data through the LoRa wireless gateway 14.

[0032] Specifically, the intelligent adaptive highway collision avoidance device forms a stable foundation support through the roadbed, rubber pads, and support columns. The rubber pads are placed between the roadbed and the support columns to effectively absorb the vibration energy transmitted by vehicle collisions. The bottom of the support columns is fixed to the roadbed with pre-embedded bolts to ensure overall anti-overturning performance. The collision avoidance component adopts a three-layer composite structure: the outer flexible buffer layer directly bears the collision impact, and its honeycomb elastic polymer plate initially dissipates energy through deformation; the middle intelligent damping layer incorporates shape memory alloy springs and magnetorheological fluid dampers, with the spring axis arranged parallel to the road surface to optimize the force direction, and the magnetorheological fluid damper adapting to different collision intensities by adjusting the damping force in real time; the inner rigid support layer is locked to the side wall of the support columns with bolts, and the fiber-reinforced composite hollow truss provides the final rigid support. Adjacent collision avoidance components are connected by plug-in pin female and female components, with the female component embedding an elastic sealing ring to ensure waterproof sealing between modules. Hydraulic crash barriers are installed at hazardous road sections (such as sharp bends and bridge approach areas). These barriers are hinged to an inner rigid support layer via hydraulic telescopic rods, deploying synchronously upon collision to form secondary protection. A distributed sensor network includes fiber optic gratings, strain sensors, and accelerometers. Strain sensors are fixed to the surface of the middle intelligent damping layer to monitor local deformation, and a LoRa wireless gateway enables remote data transmission. A solar power unit provides continuous power to the sensing system. Guiding arrows are applied to the outer surface of the hydraulic crash barriers to enhance warning effectiveness, and photosensors control the brightness of LED light strips to improve nighttime visibility. A data processing unit analyzes the sensor data via a cloud server to achieve real-time assessment of collision damage.

[0033] This structure significantly improves energy dissipation efficiency through a three-layer gradient energy absorption design: an outer flexible buffer layer reduces the initial impact peak, a middle intelligent damping layer adaptively adjusts to match different vehicle speed collision conditions, and an inner rigid support layer ensures structural integrity. Modular connectors allow for single-module replacement without disrupting traffic, and hydraulic anti-collision pads provide directional protection in high-risk areas such as curves. A sensor network achieves millimeter-level damage location accuracy through multi-type sensor fusion detection; solar power solves the power supply problem in remote road sections; and photosensitive sensors dynamically adjust lighting intensity, reducing the accident rate in rainy and foggy weather. All components work together to form a closed loop of "collision buffering - damage perception - rapid repair," completely solving the shortcomings of traditional guardrails such as insufficient energy absorption, delayed monitoring, and inefficient maintenance.

[0034] In some implementations, the outer flexible buffer layer 4 is a honeycomb elastic polymer board, the outer surface of the outer flexible buffer layer 4 is completely covered with a reflective film, and a photocatalytic coating is sprayed on the outside of the reflective film; The middle intelligent damping layer 5 includes multiple shape memory alloy springs 501 arranged in parallel. The axis of each spring 501 is parallel to the road surface. A magnetorheological fluid damper 502 is embedded in the spring 501. The two ends of the magnetorheological fluid damper 502 are fixed to the middle support through flanges. The spring 501 is inserted into the honeycomb holes of the outer flexible buffer layer 4. The spring 501 corresponds to the honeycomb holes one by one. The inner rigid support layer 6 is a fiber-reinforced composite hollow truss. The web members and chord members of the truss form a rectangular cross-section frame. The inner wall of the frame is locked to the side wall of the support column 3 by bolts.

[0035] Specifically, the outer flexible buffer layer uses a honeycomb-shaped elastic polymer sheet (an alternative is rubber-based composite material). Its honeycomb structure optimizes stress distribution, the reflective film on the surface enhances nighttime visibility, and the photocatalytic coating provides self-cleaning functionality. In the middle intelligent damping layer, shape memory alloy springs are arranged in parallel with their axes horizontal to the road surface, ensuring that the impact force is transmitted along the spring axis. Magnetorheological fluid dampers are fixed to the middle support via flanges, and the damping force changes in real time with the magnetic field strength. The spring ends are inserted into the outer honeycomb holes to form a mechanical interlock (an alternative is adhesive bonding), enabling coordinated deformation of the two layers. The inner rigid support layer's fiber-reinforced composite hollow truss adopts a rectangular cross-section frame design, with optimized stiffness-to-strength ratios in the topology of the web members and chord members. The inner wall of the truss is bolted to the side walls of the support columns, forming a multi-point force-bearing system.

[0036] The honeycomb array arrangement provides the outer buffer layer with uniform compressive deformation capacity, avoiding premature failure caused by localized stress concentration. The shape memory alloy spring automatically returns to its original shape after impact, reducing permanent deformation; the magnetorheological fluid damper achieves millisecond-level response of damping force through current control. The closed structure of the rectangular truss frame significantly improves bending stiffness, and the bolted connection facilitates on-site adjustment of the installation angle. The outer photocatalytic coating decomposes organic pollutants under ultraviolet light, while rainwater washes away impermeability, maintaining reflective properties. The interlocking design of the middle spring and honeycomb holes ensures efficient energy transfer to the damping system, and the flange fixing method prevents the damper from dislodging under impact.

[0037] In some implementations, an electric heating wire is embedded axially inside the alloy wire of spring 501; the surface of the fiber-reinforced composite hollow truss is fully covered with a polyurea waterproof layer, which extends to wrap around the connection node between the truss and the support column 3.

[0038] Specifically, an electric heating wire (or alternative, carbon fiber heating wire) is embedded axially inside the shape memory alloy spring. This automatically activates the heating when the ambient temperature drops below freezing, preventing low-temperature brittle failure of the alloy. The fiber-reinforced composite hollow truss is fully covered with a polyurea waterproof layer. This coating extends and wraps around the connection points between the truss and the support columns, forming a continuous corrosion barrier (or alternative, a fluorocarbon coating).

[0039] The electric heating wires regulate heating power through a temperature control system, ensuring the springs maintain their superior elasticity even in cold regions. The high ductility of the polyurea waterproof layer accommodates truss deformation, and the joint wrapping design blocks the penetration path of corrosive media. This combination significantly improves the durability of the device in high-humidity coastal environments and freeze-thaw cycles. Electric heating eliminates the risk of material performance degradation under low-temperature conditions, and the continuous waterproof layer resists salt spray corrosion, extending the device's lifespan several times compared to traditional steel structures.

[0040] In some implementations, the mother component 7 is fixed to the center of the end face of the anti-collision component, and the daughter component 8 is protruding from the end face of the adjacent anti-collision component. An annular groove is opened on the inner wall of the mother component 7, and an elastic sealing ring is embedded in the annular groove.

[0041] Specifically, in the modular connector, the mother component is fixed at the center of the anti-collision component's end face, and the daughter component protrudes from the end face of the adjacent component (an alternative is a two-way plug-in structure). An annular groove is formed on the inner wall of the mother component, and an elastic sealing ring is embedded in the groove. It deforms under pressure during plugging to achieve a seal (an alternative is an O-ring silicone ring).

[0042] This design enables the module connection to function as both axial positioning and radial sealing: the plug-in pins provide shear strength, while the seal compression controls the waterproof rating. No special tools are required for insertion and removal; maintenance personnel can simply remove the radial locking pins to separate the module. The depth of the annular groove matches the seal compression ratio, ensuring the required protection standard.

[0043] In some implementations, the strain sensor 12 is a fiber optic grating sensor, which is attached and fixed to the surface of the chord of the middle intelligent damping layer 5, and the internal optical fiber of the strain sensor 12 is fused with the fiber optic grating 11; the acceleration sensor 13 is mounted on the transverse support of the middle intelligent damping layer 5 by threaded fasteners.

[0044] Specifically, the strain sensor employs a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor (an alternative is a resistance strain gauge), with its substrate bonded and fixed to the surface of the chord in the middle intelligent damping layer. The internal optical fibers and distributed FBGs of the strain sensor are fused together to form a continuous monitoring network, enabling continuous spatial acquisition of strain data. The accelerometer is mounted on the middle transverse support using threaded fasteners (an alternative is adhesive bonding), avoiding measurement deviations caused by vibration.

[0045] Fiber gratings are evenly spaced along the chord axis, with each grating point corresponding to a specific monitoring section. Strain sensors are directly attached to the chord surface to capture the true strain field of the structure's bending deformation; accelerometers are installed at the center of the transverse support to accurately measure the impact vibration spectrum. Data fusion from the two sensors can distinguish between static deformation and dynamic impact, providing multi-dimensional input for the AI ​​damage model.

[0046] In some implementations, the cylinder end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 9 is hinged to the side reinforcement plate of the inner rigid support layer 6 via a first pivot, and the piston rod end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 9 is hinged to the back support frame of the hydraulic anti-collision pad 10 via a second pivot; the LED light strip is embedded in the guide groove reserved at the top of the outer flexible buffer layer 4, and the opening of the guide groove is covered with a transparent protective cover.

[0047] Specifically, the cylinder end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is hinged to a reinforcing plate (or alternatively, an ear plate structure) on the side of the inner rigid support layer via a first pivot. This hinge point is located at the middle height of the reinforcing plate, allowing the cylinder to rotate along a vertical plane. The piston rod end is hinged to a support frame on the back of the hydraulic anti-collision pad via a second pivot. The support frame is radially distributed to distribute the load. The dual-pivot design allows the anti-collision pad to adaptively adjust its tilt angle upon deployment, conforming to different collision directions. LED light strips are embedded in a pre-reserved guide groove (or alternatively, a dovetail groove) at the top of the outer flexible buffer layer. The cross-sectional shape of the guide groove matches the light strip to prevent displacement. A transparent protective cover covers the guide groove opening, made of polycarbonate to resist the impact of flying gravel. The edges of the protective cover are sealed with silicone strips to prevent water seepage.

[0048] The dual-degree-of-freedom hinge of the hydraulic telescopic rod ensures that the crash pad always impacts the force-bearing surface perpendicularly, avoiding jamming caused by lateral torque; the piston rod stroke controls the crash pad's ejection distance, preventing excessive encroachment on driving space. The guide channel structure protects the light strip from direct mechanical damage, while the transparent protective cover maintains high light transmittance while resisting environmental corrosion. The light from the light strip is reflected by the inner wall of the guide channel to create uniform illumination, and the brightness of the guide arrows still meets visibility requirements in rainy and foggy weather. The elastic press-fit design of the protective cover facilitates quick disassembly and replacement of the light strip, and maintenance does not require damage to the outer buffer layer structure.

[0049] In some implementations, the rubber pad 2 has a circular structure, with the upper and lower surfaces of the rubber pad 2 respectively attached to the bottom surface of the support column 3 and the top surface of the roadbed 1; the pre-embedded bolts pass vertically through the central through hole of the rubber pad 2 and the mounting hole of the bottom plate of the support column 3, and are tightened and fixed by nuts.

[0050] Specifically, the rubber pad adopts a circular structure (an alternative is a regular polygon), with a diameter larger than the size of the support column base plate to ensure complete coverage of the projected area of ​​the support column's bottom surface. The upper and lower surfaces of the rubber pad are tightly fitted to the bottom surface of the support column and the top surface of the roadbed, respectively, and an anti-aging agent is added to the rubber material to improve durability. Pre-embedded bolts penetrate vertically through the central through-hole of the rubber pad, with the hole diameter slightly larger than the bolt shank diameter to avoid installation stress. The bolts continue through the mounting holes in the support column base plate and are tightened and secured with high-strength nuts. Annular washers are placed around the mounting holes to distribute compressive stress.

[0051] The circular rubber pad eliminates directional installation constraints, eliminating the need for angle adjustments during construction. Its full-section fit design maximizes the vibration absorption contact surface, blocking energy transfer to the roadbed. A central through-hole allows bolts to pass freely, preventing bolt bending due to rubber deformation; an annular washer prevents the nut from embedding into the rubber body. The viscoelastic properties of the rubber molecular chains convert impact kinetic energy into heat energy, significantly reducing the resonance amplitude of the support column. This structure ensures the device maintains foundation stability even under repeated heavy vehicle traffic, extending the fatigue life of the embedded bolts.

[0052] In some implementations, fiber optic gratings 11 are arranged at equal intervals along the chord axis of the middle intelligent damping layer 5, with one grating point set at each set interval.

[0053] Specifically, fiber optic gratings are evenly spaced along the chord axis of the middle intelligent damping layer (an alternative is a variable-spacing, denser arrangement). Each grating point is formed into a sensitive unit with a different reflection wavelength using laser engraving technology. The spacing between adjacent grating points is set according to the chord length ratio to ensure full coverage of the monitoring area. The grating points are bonded to the chord surface using UV-curable adhesive to prevent measurement drift caused by temperature changes.

[0054] The equidistant arrangement of the grating points ensures spatial comparability of strain monitoring data, facilitating the establishment of a deformation distribution model along the entire length of the chord. The independently encoded reflection wavelengths of each grating point enable simultaneous, non-interfering measurements at multiple locations. The adhesive bonding method guarantees complete synchronization between the grating points and the chord deformation, accurately capturing the bending strain gradient. This design upgrades traditional discrete-point monitoring to continuous distributed monitoring, precisely locating the yield zone of the chord and providing a high-resolution data foundation for structural health assessment.

[0055] In some implementations, the anti-collision component is a rectangular parallelepiped module with a uniform cross-section. Circular insertion holes are opened at the center of the two end faces of the anti-collision component. The insertion rod of the female component 7 is inserted into the insertion hole and fixed by radial locking pins.

[0056] Specifically, the anti-collision component adopts a modular design with a uniform cross-section cuboid (an alternative is a trapezoidal cross-section), with circular insertion holes machined at the center of both end faces. The insertion hole depth is greater than the length of the female component's insertion rod, and the inner wall of the insertion hole is polished to reduce insertion and extraction resistance. After the female component's insertion rod is inserted into the insertion hole, a radial locking pin horizontally penetrates the corresponding through hole on the side wall of the insertion rod and the insertion hole. An anti-disengagement spring is provided at the tail of the locking pin, and alignment scale lines are marked on the outer edge of the insertion hole to assist in installation.

[0057] The cuboid module simplifies production line mold design and reduces manufacturing costs; the center insertion hole on the end face ensures no eccentric bending moment when the connector is subjected to axial tensile force. Radial locking pins provide shear resistance, preventing module separation due to lateral vehicle collisions. Anti-detachment snap rings prevent accidental pin detachment under vibration conditions, and graduated lines enable quick alignment and installation. This structure shortens single-module replacement operation time and eliminates the need for large lifting equipment.

[0058] In some implementations, the honeycomb-shaped elastic polymer sheet has honeycomb pores arranged in a uniform array, and the pore wall thickness is uniform.

[0059] Specifically, in the honeycomb elastic polymer sheet of the outer flexible buffer layer, the honeycomb cells are arranged in a uniform array (an alternative is a gradient density arrangement). The wall thickness of all honeycomb cells is consistent, and rounded corners are provided at the intersections of the cell walls. The axis of the honeycomb cells is perpendicular to the surface of the sheet, and adjacent cells are separated by thin-walled partitions.

[0060] Uniform array arrangement ensures that collision loads are evenly distributed across the entire surface of the sheet, preventing cracking caused by localized overload. Equal-thickness hole walls ensure consistent compressive stiffness across all honeycomb units, enabling predictable, progressive crushing deformation. Rounded corners eliminate stress concentration points, improving shape recovery after repeated compression. Vertical hole axes optimize axial energy absorption efficiency, and thin-walled partitions begin buckling and energy dissipation during minor deformation stages. This design allows the buffer layer to automatically recover after low-speed collisions and fold orderly to absorb energy during high-speed collisions, significantly reducing the risk of vehicle rebound.

[0061] like Figure 8As shown, the AI ​​damage assessment process is as follows: The data processing unit receives raw data collected in real time from the distributed sensor network via a LoRa wireless gateway. During the data acquisition phase, three types of inputs are acquired simultaneously: strain spectrum monitored by fiber optic gratings, micro-strain on the string surface recorded by strain sensors, and vibration time-domain signals captured by accelerometers. The raw data is preprocessed by a cloud server to remove environmental temperature drift and mechanical noise interference. In the feature extraction phase, the strain-time curve is decomposed into static deformation components and dynamic impact components, and the collision main frequency band energy and attenuation coefficient are separated from the acceleration signal. The feature vector includes the strain peak location, residual strain percentage, acceleration integral area, and spectral entropy value. In the level determination phase, the feature vector is input into a pre-trained convolutional neural network model, outputting a four-dimensional damage probability distribution: Level I (minor deformation), Level II (local yielding), Level III (structural instability), and Level IV (module disintegration). The model simultaneously generates maintenance decision parameters, including the GPS coordinates of the damaged module, a list of parts to be replaced, and estimated working hours. The results are displayed in real time through the maintenance center terminal and automatically pushed to the maintenance personnel's mobile terminal when a red alarm is triggered.

[0062] This assessment process upgrades traditional manual inspection to millisecond-level automated diagnosis. The spatial distribution characteristics of fiber optic gratings and strain sensors enable meter-level precision in locating damage. High-frequency vibration characteristics captured by accelerometers can identify hidden structural damage (such as internal spring breakage), avoiding the risk of missed detections associated with traditional visual observation. A convolutional neural network model, trained on massive amounts of collision cases, establishes a mapping relationship that distinguishes the essential differences between vehicle scratches and high-speed collisions, reducing false alarm rates. Dynamic decomposition technology of strain-time curves eliminates interference factors such as temperature and strain, ensuring that the assessment results only reflect the true collision damage. Four-dimensional damage level classification accurately matches maintenance strategies: Level I damage requires only cleaning and maintenance, while Level IV damage triggers emergency module replacement, avoiding resource waste caused by over-maintenance. GPS coordinate positioning guides maintenance personnel directly to the accident site, saving significant time compared to traditional roadside inspections. An automatic parts list generation function optimizes material allocation; repair vehicles only need to carry the specified modules to complete repairs. An estimated work time module assists in scheduling management, significantly reducing road closure duration. The parallel processing capabilities of the cloud server support simultaneous monitoring of all collision avoidance facilities, eliminating the risk of omissions. Multi-sensor data fusion technology overcomes the limitations of single signals. For example, when a strain sensor identifies truss yielding, the acceleration spectrum can verify whether the damper has failed. The model's continuous learning mechanism improves assessment accuracy over time, adapting to new vehicle collision characteristics. Maintenance decisions are linked to the active safety system; when damage is determined to be Level III or higher, the guide arrow automatically switches to fault warning mode. The entire process response time is compressed to an extremely short cycle, unattainable by manual methods, establishing a new standard for emergency handling of highway accidents. This technology fundamentally solves the two major bottlenecks of "lagging damage monitoring" and "blind maintenance" in the background technology, ushering in an era of intelligent operation and maintenance of collision avoidance facilities.

[0063] On the other hand, Figure 8 In this system, real-time monitoring data collected by the fiber optic grating, strain sensor, and accelerometer within the module is transmitted to a cloud server via a LoRa wireless gateway and first stored in a dedicated collision database. When a collision event occurs, the data processing unit immediately retrieves three types of key data from the database: the strain spectrum recorded by the fiber optic grating, the micro-strain on the string surface captured by the strain sensor, and the vibration time-domain signal measured by the accelerometer. The cloud server then uses a pre-loaded convolutional neural network model to perform feature extraction and damage assessment on the retrieved data, generating an evaluation result that includes damage level and location coordinates. This result is synchronously transmitted back to the collision database and stored in two corrective forms: first, the original data of this collision is bound to the evaluation result and stored as a historical case; second, feature vectors are extracted to update the model training dataset.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent adaptive highway collision avoidance device, characterized in that, include: Roadbed (1); A rubber pad (2) and a support column (3) are arranged sequentially above the roadbed (1) from bottom to top. The bottom of the support column (3) is fixed to the roadbed (1) by pre-embedded bolts. The anti-collision assembly installed on the support column (3) includes an outer flexible buffer layer (4), a middle intelligent damping layer (5) and an inner rigid support layer (6) stacked sequentially from the outside to the inside, wherein the inner rigid support layer (6) is connected to the support column (3) by bolts; Modular connectors for connecting adjacent anti-collision components include pluggable pin females (7) and females (8) that are plugged into each other. A hydraulic anti-collision pad (10) is hinged to an inner rigid support layer (6) via a hydraulic telescopic rod (9). The hydraulic anti-collision pad (10) is installed in dangerous road sections. The distributed sensor network within the anti-collision component includes a fiber optic grating (11), a strain sensor (12), an acceleration sensor (13), and a LoRa wireless gateway (14), wherein the strain sensor (12) is fixed to the surface of the middle smart damping layer (5). A solar power unit (15) for powering a sensor network includes a solar panel and a battery; The guide arrow (16) is set on the outer surface of the hydraulic anti-collision pad (10), and the surface of the guide arrow (16) is covered with a retroreflective film; A photosensitive sensor (17) and an LED light strip are installed on the top of the anti-collision assembly; The data processing unit (18) communicates with the cloud server and receives sensor data through the LoRa wireless gateway (14).

2. The intelligent adaptive highway collision avoidance device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer flexible buffer layer (4) is a honeycomb elastic polymer board, and the outer surface of the outer flexible buffer layer (4) is completely covered with a reflective film. A photocatalytic coating is sprayed on the outside of the reflective film. The middle layer intelligent damping layer (5) includes multiple shape memory alloy springs (501) arranged in parallel. The axis of each spring (501) is parallel to the road surface. The spring (501) is embedded with a magnetorheological fluid damper (502). The two ends of the magnetorheological fluid damper (502) are fixed to the middle layer support by flanges. The spring (501) is inserted into the honeycomb holes of the outer flexible buffer layer (4). The spring (501) corresponds to the honeycomb holes one by one. The inner rigid support layer (6) is a fiber-reinforced composite hollow truss. The truss web members and chord members form a rectangular cross-section frame. The inner wall of the frame is locked to the side wall of the support column (3) by bolts.

3. The intelligent adaptive highway collision avoidance device according to claim 2, characterized in that, An electric heating wire is embedded axially inside the alloy wire of the spring (501); The fiber-reinforced composite hollow truss is fully covered with a polyurea waterproof layer, which extends to wrap around the connection node between the truss and the support column (3).

4. The intelligent adaptive highway collision avoidance device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mother part (7) is fixed to the center of the end face of the anti-collision component, and the daughter part (8) is protruding from the end face of the adjacent anti-collision component. An annular groove is opened on the inner wall of the mother part (7), and an elastic sealing ring is embedded in the annular groove.

5. The intelligent adaptive highway collision avoidance device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The strain sensor (12) is a fiber optic grating sensor, which is attached and fixed to the surface of the chord of the middle intelligent damping layer (5). The internal optical fiber of the strain sensor (12) is fused with the fiber optic grating (11). The acceleration sensor (13) is mounted on the transverse support of the middle intelligent damping layer (5) by threaded fasteners.

6. The intelligent adaptive highway collision avoidance device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylinder end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (9) is hinged to the side reinforcement plate of the inner rigid support layer (6) through the first rotating shaft, and the piston rod end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (9) is hinged to the back support frame of the hydraulic anti-collision pad (10) through the second rotating shaft. The LED light strip is embedded in the guide groove reserved at the top of the outer flexible buffer layer (4), and the opening of the guide groove is covered with a transparent protective cover.

7. The intelligent adaptive highway collision avoidance device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rubber pad (2) has a circular structure, and the upper and lower surfaces of the rubber pad (2) are respectively attached to the bottom surface of the support column (3) and the top surface of the roadbed (1); The pre-embedded bolts pass vertically through the central through hole of the rubber pad (2) and the mounting hole of the support column (3) in sequence, and are tightened and fixed by nuts.

8. The intelligent adaptive highway collision avoidance device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber grating (11) is arranged at equal intervals along the chord axis of the middle intelligent damping layer (5), with a grating point set at each set interval.

9. The intelligent adaptive highway collision avoidance device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-collision component is a rectangular parallelepiped module with a uniform cross-section. Circular insertion holes are opened at the center of the two end faces of the anti-collision component. The insertion rod of the mother part (7) is inserted into the insertion hole and fixed by a radial locking pin.

10. The intelligent adaptive highway collision avoidance device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The honeycomb-shaped elastic polymer sheet has honeycomb pores arranged in a uniform array, and the pore wall thickness is uniform.

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