Blast hole punching positioning device and blast hole punching method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of blasthole drilling devices, in particular to a blasthole punching positioning device and a blasthole punching method.The blasthole punching positioning device comprises a positioning ring and a jacking rod; one side of the positioning ring is connected with a jacking rod, so that the jacking rod can jack the positioning ring on a rock wall; three positioning cones are evenly arranged on the other side of the positioning ring in the circumferential direction of the positioning ring so that the three positioning rings can abut against the rock wall through the multiple positioning cones. A positioning hole for a drill rod to pass through is further formed in the center of the positioning ring. When the blasthole punching and positioning device is used, the positioning ring is propped against the rock wall through the propping rod, and the positioning cone is stably embedded into the rock wall, so that the positioning ring is stably connected to the rock wall, a drill rod is stably supported, and the situation that the hole position deviation is too large due to drill rod jumping in the initial drilling stage is avoided. And meanwhile, the positioning cone separates the positioning ring from the rock wall by a certain distance, so that powder scraps generated by drilling are discharged through a gap between the positioning ring and the rock wall, and abrasion caused by the fact that powder enters the positioning ring is avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of blast hole drilling devices, in particular to a blast hole drilling positioning device and a blast hole drilling method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In mountainous area traffic engineering construction, tunnel excavation is the core construction link, and drill and blast method as a classic technical means of tunnel excavation is widely used in various rock stratum tunnel construction scenes due to its strong adaptability, low equipment investment cost and stable construction efficiency, especially in hard rock stratum conditions, its technical maturity and economic advantage are more prominent. The core process of drill and blast method tunnel excavation includes blast hole drilling, charging and blasting, mucking and cleaning, initial support and other key procedures, among which the accuracy of blast hole drilling directly determines the subsequent blasting effect, and further affects the flatness of tunnel excavation contour, surrounding rock stability and construction safety. In the blast hole drilling operation, the construction personnel need to drill blast holes of specific depth, angle and spacing on the rock surface by using a rock drill to drive a drill rod according to the tunnel design section size, rock mechanics parameters and blasting scheme. However, in the initial stage of drilling holes on the surface of hard rock, i.e. from the moment when the drill rod just contacts the rock surface to the stage when the drilling depth reaches 5-10 cm, the drill rod is prone to shaking, which leads to hole position deviation. The occurrence of this problem is closely related to the technical characteristics of drill and blast method drilling operation: on the one hand, the compressive strength of hard rock such as granite and quartzite usually exceeds 100 MPa, and a large reaction force will be generated at the moment when the drill rod contacts the rock. At this stage, the front end of the drill rod has not entered the rock to form an effective support, and the whole body is in a "cantilever" state, lacking sufficient radial constraint. On the other hand, the high-frequency vibration of the rock drill during operation will be transmitted to the front end through the drill rod, further aggravating the radial shaking of the drill rod, especially when the drill rod diameter is small (such as less than 40 mm) or the length exceeds 3 m, the problem of insufficient rigidity is more obvious, and the shaking amplitude can reach 5-15 mm. Hole position deviation seems to be a local construction error, but it can cause a series of chain problems: first, the deviated blast hole will change the explosive distribution density, leading to overbreak or underbreak of the tunnel contour after blasting, and the overbreak part needs to be filled with additional concrete, increasing the construction cost and period; second, irregular excavation contour will damage the integrity of surrounding rock, reduce the self-stability of surrounding rock, and increase the risk of collapse, which requires more support materials for reinforcement; in addition, deviated blast hole may also lead to uneven superposition of blasting effect of adjacent blast holes, producing large rocks and increasing the difficulty and time cost of mucking operation. At present, the industry mainly alleviates the hole deviation problem through manual righting of the drill rod by the construction personnel, adjustment of the rock drilling machine advancing speed and the like, but these methods excessively depend on personnel experience, have poor stability and are difficult to adapt to the high-efficiency construction demand under complex geological conditions. Therefore, research and development of a technical scheme capable of providing effective constraint for the drill rod in the initial drilling stage becomes a key direction for improving the drilling and blasting method tunnel excavation precision and efficiency. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide a blast hole drilling positioning device and a blast hole drilling method, which can prevent the drill rod from shaking and ensure the accuracy of the hole position.

[0004] The embodiments of the present application are implemented by the following technical solutions: A blast hole drilling positioning device comprises a positioning ring and a jacking rod. One side of the positioning ring is connected to the jacking rod, so that the jacking rod can jacks up the positioning ring against the rock wall. The other side of the positioning ring is uniformly provided with three positioning cones along the circumference, so that the three positioning rings are jacked up against the rock wall through the positioning cones. The center of the positioning ring is further provided with a positioning hole for the drill rod to pass through.

[0005] Further, it further comprises a fixing assembly. The fixing assembly comprises a fixing rod and a pushing rod. The fixing rod is internally hinged with a plurality of positioning rods, so that the positioning rods can be expanded out of the fixing rod or contracted into the fixing rod. The positioning rods are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the fixing rod. The jacking rod is swingably connected to the end of the fixing rod, so that the positioning ring can be swung to fit against the rock wall or away from the rock wall. The pushing rod is matched with the jacking rod, so that the pushing rod can push the jacking rod to make the positioning cones jacked up against the rock wall.

[0006] Further, one end of the jacking rod connected to the positioning ring is provided in a Y shape. The positioning ring and the jacking rod are connected through a plurality of jacking springs.

[0007] Further, the positioning ring is internally provided with a ball head. The inner wall of the positioning ring is matched with the ball head to be provided as a concave spherical surface, so that the ball head can be swung relative to the positioning ring. The positioning hole is provided at the ball head.

[0008] Further, the fixing rod is further internally provided with a positioning cylinder. The positioning cylinder is connected to the ends of the positioning rods through a connecting sheet. The two ends of the connecting sheet are respectively hinged to the positioning rods and the positioning cylinder, so that when the positioning cylinder is extended or contracted, the positioning rods are retracted or expanded.

[0009] Further, the fixing rod comprises a fixing section and a rotating section rotatably connected to the fixing section. The pushing rod is a cylinder. The pushing rod is fixedly provided at the rotating section.

[0010] Further, the end of the rotating section is provided with a positioning lug; the positioning lug is provided with a through hole for the insertion of the tightening rod, so that the tightening rod can move and swing relative to the positioning lug; the through hole is a rectangular hole, and the tightening rod is a rectangular rod matched with the rectangular hole.

[0011] Further, the fixed section is provided in a circular table shape near one end of the rotating section, and the small-diameter section is near the positioning rod.

[0012] A blasting hole drilling method, which adopts the blasting hole drilling positioning device, inserts the fixed section into a drilled blasting hole, and makes the positioning rods open and tightly press the hole wall of the blasting hole; adjusts the length of the tightening rod inserted into the positioning hole, and rotates the rotating section to make the positioning hole correspond to the hole position of the next blasting hole; tightens the positioning ring on the rock wall through the pushing rod; and finally inserts the drill rod into the positioning ring and drills the rock wall through the drill bit.

[0013] Further, the positioning ring is knocked after being tightly pressed on the rock wall, so that the positioning cone is embedded in the rock wall.

[0014] The technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: When the blasting hole drilling positioning device is used, the positioning ring is tightly pressed on the rock wall through the tightening rod, and the positioning cone is stably embedded in the rock wall, so that the positioning ring is stably connected to the rock wall, and then stably supports the drill rod, avoiding that the hole position deviates too much due to the jumping of the drill rod in the initial drilling stage. At the same time, the positioning cone separates the positioning ring from the rock wall by a certain distance, so that the powder and debris generated by drilling are discharged through the gap between the positioning ring and the rock wall, avoiding that the powder enters the inside of the positioning ring and causes abrasion.

[0015] The fixed assembly is arranged to enable the tightening rod to be fixed in the drilled blasting hole, and then the positioning ring is positioned by means of the drilled blasting hole, and then the drilling of other holes around is facilitated. At the same time, the rotating section and the positioning lug of the fixed rod enable the positioning ring to move around the drilled blasting hole conveniently, and then the drilling of the holes around is more convenient, and the position conversion efficiency is improved. The tightening spring is arranged to enable the positioning ring to always keep the three positioning cones tightly connected to the uneven rock wall, and the ball head is matched to enable the uneven rock wall not to affect the drilling of the drill rod perpendicular to the rock wall. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic view of the blasting hole drilling positioning device of the present application.

[0017] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 It is an enlarged view of a in FIG. 4.

[0018] Figure 3Schematic diagram of the cooperation of the hole drilling positioning device for blasting holes and the rock wall.

[0019] Figure 4 For Figure 3 Enlarged view at b.

[0020] Figure 5 For Figure 3 Enlarged view at c.

[0021] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the positioning ring.

[0022] Figure 7 Top view of the hole drilling positioning device for blasting holes.

[0023] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the relative position of the hole drilling positioning device for blasting holes and a plurality of blasting holes.

[0024] Figure 9 For Figure 8 Enlarged view at d.

[0025] Reference signs: 1 - positioning ring, 2 - clamping rod, 3 - positioning cone, 4 - rock wall, 5 - positioning hole, 6 - pushing rod, 7 - positioning rod, 8 - positioning cylinder, 9 - connecting piece, 10 - clamping spring, 11 - ball head, 12 - fixed section, 13 - rotating section, 14 - positioning lug, 15 - bearing, 16 - blasting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] As Figures 1-9 shown, the core of the hole drilling positioning device for blasting holes in the embodiment is composed of a positioning ring 1 and a clamping rod 2. The positioning ring 1 is a circular structure made of metal, with a diameter of 80-120 mm designed according to the construction requirements of common blasting holes 16. On the side of the positioning ring 1 facing the rock wall 4, three positioning cones 3 are evenly distributed at an angle of 120° along the circumferential direction. The positioning cones 3 are made of high-strength wear-resistant alloy, and the tips of the three positioning cones 3 are in the same plane, satisfying the stable support condition of three-point determination of a plane. The positioning hole 5 in the center of the positioning ring 1 has a hole diameter that is 0.8-1.2 mm larger than the outer diameter of the drill rod to be adapted, which can ensure smooth passage of the drill rod and form effective radial constraint on the drill rod.

[0027] In combination with the problem of the "cantilever" swing of the drill rod in the early stage of drilling in the background technology, the working principle of the device is as follows: when in use, the construction personnel applies axial pressure to the positioning ring 1 through the jacking rod 2, and pushes the positioning ring 1 to the rock wall 4 of the tunnel face or other blasting scene. Due to the natural pits and rough textures on the surface of the rock wall 4, especially after blasting, the sharp tip of the positioning cone 3 will quickly embed into the recesses of the rock wall 4. As the jacking force gradually increases, the three positioning cones 3 are simultaneously embedded into the rock wall 4, forming a stable three-point support structure, which completely limits the radial displacement and circumferential rotation of the positioning ring 1. At this time, the drill rod passes through the positioning hole 5 to contact the rock wall 4 for drilling, and the positioning hole 5 directly forms a rigid constraint on the front end of the drill rod, effectively solving the problem of the swing of the drill rod without support in the early stage of drilling. Compared with the manual straightening method in the background technology, the device can control the hole deviation within a very small range, and does not need to rely on the experience of construction personnel. In the scene of hard rock drilling, the stability is significantly better than manual operation, and the design of the three positioning cones 3 can adapt to the local unevenness of the rock wall 4, so that the three positioning cones 3 can always contact the rock wall 4, ensuring that the positioning ring 1 is always stably attached to the rock wall 4. At the same time, the positioning cone 3 separates the positioning ring 1 from the rock wall 4 by a certain distance, so that the powder debris generated by drilling can be discharged through the gap between the positioning ring 1 and the rock wall 4, avoiding the entry of powder into the inside of the positioning ring 1 to cause wear.

[0028] Further, the embodiment adds a fixing assembly, which includes a fixing rod and a pushing rod 6. Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fixing rod is a hollow cylinder, and a space for installing a positioning cylinder 8 is reserved inside. Three long strip-shaped openings are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the fixing rod in the circumferential direction. A positioning rod 7 is hingedly connected in each opening through a pin shaft. The positioning rod 7 is a metal rod, one end of which is hingedly connected with the fixing rod, and the middle part of which is connected with the positioning cylinder 8 through a connecting sheet 9. The connecting sheet 9 is a metal sheet, one end of which is hingedly connected with the middle part of the positioning rod 7 through a pin shaft, and the other end of which is hingedly connected with the end of the telescopic rod of the positioning cylinder 8. One end of the jacking rod 2 is hingedly connected with the end of the fixing rod through a pin shaft, and the pushing rod 6 is selected as a cylinder. The cylinder body is fixed on the side wall of the fixing rod through bolts, and the position of the positioning ring 1 can be adjusted by pushing the jacking rod 2. During construction, first insert the fixed rod into the drilled blast hole 16, start the positioning cylinder 8, the cylinder extension rod extends, through the connecting piece 9 to pull the positioning rod 7 to swing around the hinge point, make the end of the positioning rod 7 far away from the hinge end to extend from the strip-shaped opening of the fixed rod, until it is in close contact with the hole wall of the blast hole 16, use the reaction force of the hole wall to firmly fix the fixed rod in the blast hole 16, prevent the fixed rod from falling off axially or shaking radially. Then start the push rod 6, the piston rod of the push rod 6 extends and pushes the jamming rod 2, makes the jamming rod 2 swing around the hinge point with the fixed rod, drives the positioning ring 1 to approach the rock wall 4, until the positioning cone 3 jams the rock wall 4. At this time, the drill rod passes through the positioning hole 5 of the positioning ring 1 to drill, the fixed assembly provides a stable support reference for the positioning ring 1, completely replaces the manual centralizing operation, solves the problem of relying on personnel experience in the background technology. At the same time, the fixed rod is rigidly connected with the blast hole 16 through the positioning rod 7, can effectively resist the high-frequency vibration during the operation of the rock drill, reduce the vibration amplitude of the positioning ring 1, further improve the drilling accuracy, avoid the hole position deviation caused by vibration. In this embodiment, the connection structure of the jamming rod 2 and the positioning ring 1 is optimized, the end of the jamming rod 2 close to the positioning ring 1 is processed into a Y-shaped bifurcated structure, the three end points of the bifurcation correspond to the installation positions of the three positioning cones 3 on the positioning ring 1 respectively, and the inside of the Y-shaped bifurcation is reserved with a space with a diameter greater than that of the positioning hole 5, to ensure that the drill rod is not blocked when passing through the positioning hole 5. Between the positioning ring 1 and the Y-shaped bifurcated end point of the jamming rod 2, three jamming springs 10 are connected and have the same initial length. One end of the spring is connected with the bifurcated end point of the jamming rod 2 through a hook, and the other end is fixed with the side wall of the positioning ring 1 through welding or a hook. When the push rod 6 pushes the jamming rod 2 to press the positioning ring 1 to the rock wall 4, if the rock wall 4 is locally uneven, such as there is a 5-10mm deep depression or protrusion, the positioning cone 3 at a certain position will first contact the rock wall 4, and when the pushing force continues to be applied, the corresponding jamming spring 10 will be compressed, and the positioning cone 3 not in contact with the rock wall 4 will continue to move to the rock wall 4 under the action of the spring force, until all the three positioning cones 3 are in contact with and jammed against the rock wall 4. This elastic connection structure effectively avoids the problem that part of the positioning cone 3 cannot contact the rock wall 4 due to the unevenness of the rock wall 4, ensures that the three positioning cones 3 always form a stable three-point support, controls the fit error between the positioning ring 1 and the rock wall 4 within a very small range, and significantly improves the positioning stability of the positioning ring 1. Compared with rigid connection, this structure can better adapt to the complex surface conditions of the hard rock tunnel face in the background technology, avoid the aggravation of drill rod shaking due to the unevenness of the rock wall 4, and further reduce the risk of hole position deviation. The embodiment also adds a ball head 11 structure inside the positioning ring 1. The center of the positioning ring 1 is processed with an inner concave spherical cavity, and the inner wall is polished; the ball head 11 is a solid metal ball, the outer diameter matches the radius of the spherical cavity, can realize 360° arbitrary direction swing in the spherical cavity, and the positioning hole 5 is opened in the center of the ball head 11 and the outer wall of the ball head 11 and the inner wall of the spherical cavity are coated with high-temperature resistant lubricating grease, such as lithium-based lubricating grease, to reduce the friction loss when swinging. When the positioning ring 1 is not perpendicular to the rock wall 4 due to the pits of the rock wall 4, that is, the end face of the positioning ring 1 is not parallel to the rock wall 4, the ball head 11 can freely swing in the spherical cavity. After the drill rod is inserted into the positioning hole 5 of the ball head 11, if the operator controls the drill rod to keep vertical to the rock wall 4, the drill rod will drive the ball head 11 to swing synchronously until the axis of the positioning hole 5 and the axis of the drill rod are completely coincident, that is, the positioning hole 5 is adjusted to be vertical to the rock wall 4. This structure effectively solves the problem of deviation of the drilling angle of the drill rod caused by the inclination of the positioning ring 1, and ensures that the drill rod drills along the direction perpendicular to the rock wall 4 through the swing of the ball head 11, avoiding the overbreak and underbreak of the tunnel contour after blasting caused by the deviation of the drilling angle in the background technology, and significantly improving the drilling precision of the blasting hole 16. In order to better reduce the friction, bearings 15 can also be arranged inside the ball head 11, and the drill rod passes through the bearings 15 to contact the rock wall 4 for drilling. The embodiment designs the fixed rod as a segmented structure, including a fixed segment 12 and a rotating segment 13. Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown in the drawings, the positioning rod 7 and the positioning cylinder 8 are arranged on the fixed segment 12, so that the fixed segment 12 can be stably connected in the blasting hole 16. The rotating segment 13 is a hollow metal cylinder and is connected with the fixed segment 12, ensuring that the rotating segment 13 can smoothly rotate 360° around the axis of the fixed segment 12. The push rod 6 is fixed on the side wall of the rotating segment 13 through a support, and the axis of its piston rod is perpendicular to the rotating segment 13, which can rotate synchronously with the rotating segment 13. In use, the fixed segment 12 is first inserted into the drilled blasting hole 16 and fixed through the positioning rod 7, and the fixed segment 12 remains in a stationary state; when drilling other blasting holes 16 around is needed, the fixed segment 12 does not need to be disassembled, and only the rotating segment 13 needs to be rotated, which drives the push rod 6, the jacking rod 2 and the positioning ring 1 to rotate synchronously until the positioning hole 5 of the positioning ring 1 is aligned with the next target hole position. This structure realizes the function of one-time fixing and multi-hole drilling, compared with the traditional positioning device which needs to be repeatedly disassembled and installed in the background technology, the hole position switching time is greatly shortened, and the construction efficiency is improved. At the same time, the fixed segment 12 always remains stable, avoiding the deviation of the positioning reference caused by repeated disassembly, further ensuring the spacing accuracy between multiple blasting holes 16, and meeting the strict requirements of the blasting scheme on the spacing of the hole positions. The embodiment welds a rectangular metal positioning lug 14 at the end of the rotating section 13, and a rectangular through hole is formed in the positioning lug 14. The jacking rod 2 is designed as a rectangular section rod matching the through hole, and the gap between the section size and the rectangular hole is controlled within 1-2 mm, which ensures that the jacking rod 2 can move freely along the length direction of the through hole, while the rectangular structure limits the rotation of the jacking rod 2 around its own axis. When the rotating section 13 is rotated to the approximate range of the target hole position, the operator can push and pull the jacking rod 2 along the length direction of the rectangular through hole to adjust the length of the jacking rod 2 extending out of the positioning lug 14, and then accurately adjust the position of the positioning ring 1, so that the positioning hole 5 is completely aligned with the target hole position. The matching structure of the rectangular rod and the rectangular through hole effectively avoids the deviation of the positioning ring 1 caused by the rotation of the jacking rod 2, and ensures that the direction of the positioning hole 5 is always stable. The embodiment optimizes the structure of the fixed section 12: the end of the fixed section 12 close to the rotating section 13 is processed into a circular truncated cone, the large diameter end of the circular truncated cone is 15-20 mm larger in diameter than the main body of the fixed section 12, the small diameter end is consistent with the main body of the fixed section 12, and the small diameter end faces the side of the positioning rod 7, and the angle between the generatrix of the circular truncated cone and the axis of the fixed section 12 is 20-25°. The outer wall of the circular truncated cone is wrapped with a rubber pad layer with a thickness of 2-3 mm, and the surface of the rubber pad layer is processed with diamond anti-slip patterns with a depth of 1-1.5 mm. When the fixed section 12 is inserted into the drilled blast hole 16, the outer wall of the circular truncated cone structure closely fits the hole mouth of the blast hole 16, the rubber pad layer elastically deforms under the pressure of the hole mouth, and fills the gap between the hole mouth and the circular truncated cone, and the anti-slip patterns increase the friction between the circular truncated cone and the hole mouth. At this time, the fixed rod forms "two-end positioning": one end is fixed by abutting with the inner wall of the blast hole 16 through the positioning rod 7, and the other end is positioned by the cooperation of the circular truncated cone and the hole mouth, and the double positioning structure completely limits the radial shaking of the fixed rod. In the high-frequency vibration environment of the rock drill, this structure can effectively resist vibration transmission and avoid the deviation of the positioning ring 1 caused by the shaking of the fixed rod, ensuring that the position of the positioning hole 5 is always stable during drilling, and further improving the reliability of the device in the hard rock drilling scene. The drilling method for the blast hole 16 in this embodiment uses the aforementioned positioning device, and the specific steps are as follows: First, preliminary preparation: Based on the tunnel blasting design plan, determine the drilled blast hole 16 as the reference hole, check whether the air pressure of the positioning cylinder 8 and the push rod 6 of the positioning device is normal, and confirm that the positioning cone 3 is not worn and the tightening spring 10 is not deformed; Second, fix the main body of the device: insert the fixing section 12 into the reference blast hole 16, start the positioning cylinder 8 to open the positioning rod 7 and press it against the hole wall of the blast hole 16, and confirm by hand or pressure sensor that the fixing rod has no axial movement or radial shaking; Third, hole alignment: pass along the rectangle of the positioning ear 14. The hole pushes and pulls the tightening rod 2, adjusts the extension length of the tightening rod 2, and slowly rotates the rotating section 13 to make the positioning hole 5 of the positioning ring 1 completely coincide with the hole position of the next target blasting hole 16; the fourth step is to tighten the positioning ring 1, start the push rod 6, push the tightening rod 2 to move the positioning ring 1 towards the rock wall 4 until the positioning cone 3 contacts and tightens with the rock wall 4, at which time the tightening spring 10 is in a slightly compressed state; the fifth step is to drill, pass the drill rod through the positioning hole 5 of the positioning ring 1, start the rock drill, control the rock drill advance speed to 50-80mm / min, so that the drill rod drills along the direction perpendicular to the rock wall 4 under the constraint of the positioning hole 5 until the designed depth is reached. This method precisely addresses the problems in the background technology: by rigidly fixing the fixed section 12 to the reference blasting hole 16, it replaces manual hand-held positioning, avoiding the poor stability defects of manual straightening; the positioning ring 1, through the tightness between the positioning cone 3 and the rock wall 4 and the constraint of the positioning hole 5, directly limits the initial shaking of the drill rod, solving the hole position deviation problem at its root. Compared with traditional manual methods, this method improves drilling accuracy and shortens the drilling time per hole in hard rock drilling scenarios, and does not rely on the experience of construction personnel, adapting to the high-efficiency construction needs under complex geological conditions. This embodiment adds a step to strengthen the fixing of the positioning cone 3: After the positioning ring 1 is pressed against the rock wall 4 by the push rod 6, the construction personnel use a rubber hammer or copper hammer weighing 0.5-1kg to gently tap the edge of the positioning ring 1. The tapping force is controlled at 5-10N, so that the tip of the positioning cone 3 is further embedded into the rock wall 4, with an embedding depth of 2-5mm, until there is no obvious displacement when the positioning ring 1 is pushed by hand. Relying solely on the thrust of the push rod 6, the positioning cone 3 may only embed itself in the surface slag of the rock wall 4, and is prone to loosening under the vibration of the rock drill. By striking the positioning ring 1, the impact force can be transmitted to the positioning cone 3, causing it to penetrate the surface slag and embed itself into the harder rock layer, forming a more stable anchoring effect. This step significantly improves the fixing strength of the positioning ring 1, avoids the positioning ring 1 from shifting due to vibration during drilling, ensures the accurate position of the positioning hole 5 throughout the drilling process, and stably controls the hole position deviation within 1mm. This effectively solves the problem of hole position deviation exacerbated by positioning loosening in the prior art, and further improves the accuracy and reliability of drilling the hard rock blasting hole 16.

Claims

1. A device for positioning and drilling blast holes, characterized in that: It includes a positioning ring and a tightening rod; one side of the positioning ring is connected to the tightening rod so that the tightening rod can tighten the positioning ring against the rock wall; three positioning cones are evenly arranged along the circumference of the other side of the positioning ring so that the three positioning rings are tightened against the rock wall through the positioning cones; a positioning hole for the drill rod to pass through is also provided at the center of the positioning ring.

2. The blasting hole drilling and positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a fixing component; the fixing component includes a fixing rod and a push rod; the fixing rod has several positioning rods hinged inside, so that the positioning rods can open and protrude from the fixing rod or retract into the fixing rod; the several positioning rods are evenly distributed along the circumference of the fixing rod; the tightening rod is oscillatingly connected to the end of the fixing rod, so that the positioning ring can swing to fit against the rock wall or move away from the rock wall; the push rod is configured to cooperate with the tightening rod, so that the push rod can push the tightening rod to the positioning cone to press against the rock wall.

3. The blasting hole drilling and positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end of the clamping rod connected to the positioning ring is Y-shaped; the positioning ring and the clamping rod are connected by several clamping springs.

4. The blasting hole drilling and positioning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The positioning ring has a ball head inside; the inner wall of the positioning ring is configured as a concave spherical surface to match the ball head, so that the ball head can swing relative to the positioning ring; the positioning hole is provided in the ball head.

5. The blasting hole drilling and positioning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fixing rod is also equipped with a positioning cylinder; the positioning cylinder is connected to the ends of several positioning rods via a connecting piece; the two ends of the connecting piece are respectively hinged to the positioning rod and the positioning cylinder, so that when the positioning cylinder extends or retracts, the several positioning rods retract or extend.

6. The blasting hole drilling and positioning device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fixing rod includes a fixed section and a rotating section rotatably connected to the fixed section; the push rod is a cylinder; the push rod is fixedly installed on the rotating section.

7. The blasting hole drilling and positioning device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end of the rotating section is provided with a positioning ear; the positioning ear is provided with a through hole for the tightening rod to pass through, so that the tightening rod can move and swing relative to the positioning ear; the through hole is a rectangular hole, and the tightening rod is configured as a rectangular rod to cooperate with the rectangular hole.

8. The blasting hole drilling and positioning device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fixed section is shaped like a frustum at one end near the rotating section, and the smaller diameter section is close to the positioning rod.

9. A method for drilling blast holes, employing the blast hole drilling positioning device according to any one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that: Insert the fixed section into the drilled blast hole and open several positioning rods to press against the hole wall; adjust the length of the clamping rod inserted into the positioning hole and rotate the rotating section so that the positioning hole corresponds to the position of the next blast hole; press the positioning ring against the rock wall with the push rod; finally, insert the drill rod into the positioning ring and drill a hole in the rock wall with the drill bit.

10. The method for drilling blasting holes according to claim 9, characterized in that: After the positioning ring is pressed tightly against the rock wall, the positioning ring is struck to make the positioning cone embed into the rock wall.

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