A method and device for detecting atmospheric aerosols based on quantum weak measurement

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and apparatus for detecting atmospheric aerosols based on quantum weak measurement, belonging to the field of atmospheric aerosol detection. The method includes the following steps: S1, preparing aerosol solutions of various concentrations and dissolving them to obtain uniformly dispersed aerosol sample solutions of various concentrations; S2, detecting the intensity difference between left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light of the aerosol sample solutions of various concentrations; S3, calculating the optical rotation spectrum corresponding to the aerosol sample solutions of various concentrations based on the intensity difference between left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light, combined with a quantum weak measurement theoretical model, to determine the type and concentration of aerosols through the characteristic differences in the optical rotation spectrum. By employing the above-mentioned method and apparatus for detecting atmospheric aerosols based on quantum weak measurement, and utilizing the signal amplification mechanism of quantum weak measurement, combined with the correlation between optical rotation spectrum and concentration, highly sensitive type identification and quantitative concentration detection of atmospheric VOC aerosols can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of atmospheric VOC aerosol detection technology, and in particular to an atmospheric aerosol detection method and apparatus based on quantum weak measurement. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of atmospheric environmental monitoring, VOC aerosols are a key factor influencing climate change, air quality, and human health. Accurate detection of their concentration levels, chemical composition, and particle size distribution is crucial for environmental governance, climate model construction, and public health protection. VOC aerosols are complex pollutants formed by the combination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aerosol particles. VOCs originate from paint, fuels, and industrial emissions, exhibiting high volatility and reactivity; aerosol particles include solid or liquid suspended particles such as dust and soot. The two combine in two ways: direct emission, such as from aerosols and vehicle exhaust releasing VOC-containing droplets or particles; and secondary formation, where VOCs undergo photochemical reactions in the atmosphere to transform into fine particulate matter (secondary organic aerosols). These pollutants can penetrate deep into the lungs, carrying toxic substances into the human body, exacerbating the risk of respiratory diseases. They are also key contributors to smog (PM2.5) and ozone pollution, posing a serious threat to health and the environment, and are a primary target for air pollution control.

[0003] However, existing aerosol detection technologies still face many technical bottlenecks that urgently need to be addressed:

[0004] 1. High equipment costs and poor accessibility: The purchase cost of existing mainstream detection equipment (such as high-end aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometers and differential absorption lidar) is usually as high as several million or even tens of millions of yuan, and the maintenance costs are also high. This makes it difficult for such technologies to be popularized in grassroots monitoring institutions and small and medium-sized research teams, thus limiting the comprehensive coverage of aerosol monitoring networks.

[0005] 2. The detection process is lengthy and lacks timeliness: Traditional detection methods require complex steps such as sample collection, pretreatment (e.g., filter membrane enrichment, chemical extraction), and instrument calibration. From sample acquisition to final data output, it often takes several days to several weeks. This cannot meet the real-time monitoring needs of atmospheric VOC aerosols due to rapid dynamic evolution caused by changes in meteorological conditions (e.g., sudden pollution events, abrupt changes in the vertical distribution of boundary layer aerosols), resulting in a lag in data support for environmental decision-making.

[0006] 3. Limited detection capabilities for low concentrations and multi-component reactions: Atmospheric VOC aerosols are often present at low concentrations (e.g., the mass concentration of aerosols in the background atmosphere can be as low as μg / m³). 3Aerosols exist in the form of large-scale (and multi-component mixtures, such as carbon-containing aerosols, sulfates, nitrates, and secondary organic aerosols). Traditional techniques are limited by detection sensitivity (the detection limit is mostly above 0.01 mg / mL) and spectral resolution, making it difficult to accurately identify weak signal differences at low concentrations, and even more difficult to effectively distinguish between aerosols with similar chemical compositions. This leads to data bias in the study of aerosol source analysis and transformation mechanisms.

[0007] 4. Insufficient dynamic response and anti-interference capability: In complex atmospheric environments, the optical properties of aerosol particles are easily affected by humidity, temperature and coexisting pollutants (such as ozone and volatile organic compounds). Traditional detection methods have limited signal amplification mechanisms and are difficult to effectively suppress environmental noise. As a result, when capturing slight changes in the optical properties of aerosols (such as optical rotation and scattering coefficient), problems such as poor data stability and low repeatability often occur, affecting the reliability of the detection results. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for detecting atmospheric aerosols based on quantum weak measurement, thereby solving the aforementioned technical problems.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for detecting atmospheric aerosols based on quantum weak measurements, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Prepare aerosol solutions of various concentrations and dissolve the prepared aerosol solutions using ultrasonic vibration method to obtain uniformly dispersed aerosol sample solutions of various concentrations.

[0011] S2. Detect the intensity difference between left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light of the aerosol sample solutions of various concentrations obtained in step S1.

[0012] S3. Based on the intensity difference between left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light obtained in step S2, the optical rotation angle spectrum corresponding to aerosol sample solutions at various concentrations is calculated using the quantum weak measurement theory model, so as to determine the type and concentration of aerosols by the characteristic differences of the optical rotation angle spectrum.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, dipropylene glycol is used as a solvent to prepare aerosol solutions of various concentrations.

[0014] Preferably, step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] S21. Arrange the broadband light source, first lens, second lens, first aperture, first Glan polarizer, gas cell, second Glan polarizer, second aperture and fiber optic spectrometer in sequence along the optical path, and connect the fiber optic spectrometer to the detection terminal and connect the gas cell to the aerosol generator.

[0016] S22. Using a broadband light source to emit a visible light beam, with the gas chamber empty, adjust the second Glan polarizer to the left-hand polarization state and the right-hand polarization state respectively. Confirm the zero point, i.e. the reference signal when there is no aerosol sample solution in the gas chamber, through the fiber optic spectrometer signal, and record the back selection angle corresponding to the left-hand polarization state and the right-hand polarization state at this time.

[0017] S23. Inject the aerosol sample solution into the aerosol generator, start the aerosol generator to atomize the aerosol sample solution to generate aerosol, and pass it into the gas chamber until the airflow and concentration distribution of the aerosol in the gas chamber reach dynamic equilibrium.

[0018] S24. Adjust the second Glan polarizer to the post-selection angles corresponding to the left-handed and right-handed polarization states recorded in step S22. At this time, the visible light beam emitted by the broadband light source is prepared into a pre-selected quantum state through the first Glan polarizer, and then passes through the gas cell and interacts with the aerosol in the gas cell. The light polarization state carrying the optical rotation information is weakly coupled with the fiber optic spectrometer to form an overall entangled state. Then, the second Glan polarizer is used to filter the overall entangled state, and the optical rotation signal is amplified into the intensity difference between the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light, and the amplified intensity difference is recorded.

[0019] Preferably, in step S24, by adjusting the post-selection angle of the second Glan polarization, the following post-selection quantum state |ψ is set. f >:

[0020]

[0021] In the formula, α represents the phase factor; α represents the optical rotation angle of the aerosol, and α << 1; β represents the internal coupling strength of the optical polarization state, and β << 1.

[0022] Preferably, in step S24, the preselected quantum state |ψ is prepared by the first Glan polarizing mirror. i The expression is as follows:

[0023]

[0024] |L>=(|H>+i|V>) / 2;

[0025] |R>=(|H>-i|V>) / 2;

[0026] In the formula, |L> and |R> represent the right vectors of the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized states, respectively; i represents the imaginary unit; |H> and |V> represent the horizontal and vertical polarization states, respectively.

[0027] Preferably, in step S24, the global entangled state |Φ'> is evolved through the unitary operator:

[0028]

[0029] Among them,

[0030] φ(F) = Z F exp(-F 2 / 4ΔF 2 );

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, γ represents the weak coupling strength between the optical polarization state and the fiber optic spectrometer; represents the optical polarization state observation operator; represents the observation operator of the fiber optic spectrometer; φ(F) represents the initial quantum state; F represents the input variable, that is, it is the light intensity I of the left-handed circularly polarized light spectrogram + or the light intensity I of the right-handed circularly polarized light spectrogram [[ID=?]] - ; Z F represents the normalization coefficient of the spatial distribution; ΔF represents the uncertainty; <L| represents the bra vector of the left-handed circularly polarized state; <R| represents the bra vector of the right-handed circularly polarized state.

[0033] Preferably, in step S24, the overall entangled state |Ψ> and the light intensity distribution I(y) after screening are expressed as follows:

[0034] [[ID=?]] [[ID=3?]]

[0035] I(y) = <Ψ|Ψ>;

[0036] In the formula, A w represents the weak value; <Ψ|Ψ> represents the square of the modulus length of the overall entangled state after screening.

[0037] Preferably, the optical rotation angle spectrum η described in step S3 α is calculated as follows:

[0038]

[0039] Among them,

[0040]

[0041] In the formula, represents the difference between the light intensity I of the left-handed circularly polarized light spectrogram + and the light intensity I of the right-handed circularly polarized light spectrogram - That is, represents the average light intensity of the post-selection angle, and A ω(α) represents the post-selection angle of the weak value χ in the optical rotation scenario; represents the polarization state observation operator There seems to be some missing or incorrect tags in the original text which might cause issues in a proper translation context. I've done my best to translate based on the provided content. In the preselected quantum state |ψ i >To the later selection of quantum state|ψ f > matrix elements between; <ψ f |ψ i > represents the preselected quantum state |ψ i >and the post-selected quantum state|ψ f > Quantum state overlap.

[0042] An apparatus for detecting atmospheric aerosols based on quantum weak measurement includes a broadband light source, a first lens, a second lens, a first aperture, a first Glan polarizer, a gas cell, a second Glan polarizer, a second aperture, and a fiber optic spectrometer arranged sequentially along the optical path. The fiber optic spectrometer is electrically connected to the detection terminal, and the gas cell is connected to an aerosol generator.

[0043] The broadband light source is used to emit visible light beams with laser wavelengths of 360nm to 2500nm. The emitted visible light beams pass sequentially through a first lens, a second lens, a first aperture, a first Glan polarizer, a gas cell, a second Glan polarizer, a second aperture, and a fiber optic spectrometer before being received by the detection terminal to calculate the optical rotation angle spectra corresponding to aerosol sample solutions at various concentrations.

[0044] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned method and apparatus for detecting atmospheric aerosols based on quantum weak measurements, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] 1. By utilizing the weak value amplification mechanism of quantum weak measurement, the small optical rotation effect (optical rotation angle) of aerosol on polarized light is converted into a significant light intensity difference, achieving an ultra-low detection limit of 0.005 mg / mL, breaking through the sensitivity limit of traditional optical detection;

[0046] 2. By coordinating components such as a broadband light source, a Glan polarizer (for pre-selected / post-selected state manipulation), a gas cell, and a fiber optic spectrometer, a complete link is established for quantum state preparation → weak interaction → signal amplification → acquisition and analysis, ensuring efficient transmission and extraction of optical rotation signals from generation to analysis.

[0047] 3. By using a polarizing mirror to directionally control the polarization state, non-target polarization components can be suppressed, thereby improving signal purity and detection stability.

[0048] In summary, this invention is based on the non-destructive measurement principle of quantum mechanics. Through the weak coupling interaction between the aerosol particles to be measured and the detection device, it avoids irreversible disturbances to the quantum state of the system caused by strong measurements. Simultaneously, by employing specific post-selection operations, it can achieve exponential amplification of weak physical signals (such as minute changes in the polarization state of light caused by aerosol particles), with a signal amplification factor reaching 10-1. 3 -10 4 Magnitude.

[0049] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an atmospheric aerosol detection method based on quantum weak measurement according to the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 Comparison of optical rotation angle spectra of α-pinene at various concentrations obtained using this invention;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a comparison of the optical rotation angle spectra of β-pinene at various concentrations obtained using this invention;

[0053] Figure 4 A comparison of the optical rotation angle spectra of α-pinene and β-pinene at a concentration of 0.08 obtained using this invention;

[0054] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the device layout for an atmospheric aerosol detection method based on quantum weak measurement according to the present invention.

[0055] Figure Labels

[0056] 1. Broadband light source; 2. First lens; 3. Second lens; 4. First aperture; 5. First Glan polarizer; 6. Gas cell; 7. Second Glan polarizer; 8. Second aperture; 9. Fiber optic spectrometer; 10. Aerosol generator. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout.

[0058] It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such as a process, method, system, product, or server that includes a series of steps or units, not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, product, or device.

[0059] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0060] like Figures 1-4 As shown, an atmospheric aerosol detection method based on quantum weak measurement includes the following steps:

[0061] S1. Prepare aerosol solutions of various concentrations and dissolve the prepared aerosol solutions using ultrasonic vibration method to obtain uniformly dispersed aerosol sample solutions of various concentrations.

[0062] In step S1, dipropylene glycol is used as a solvent to prepare aerosol solutions of various concentrations.

[0063] S2. Detect the intensity difference between left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light of the aerosol sample solutions of various concentrations obtained in step S1.

[0064] Step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0065] S21. Arrange the broadband light source, first lens, second lens, first aperture, first Glan polarizer, gas cell, second Glan polarizer, second aperture and fiber optic spectrometer in sequence along the optical path, and connect the fiber optic spectrometer to the detection terminal and connect the gas cell to the aerosol generator.

[0066] S22. Using a broadband light source to emit a visible light beam, with the gas chamber empty, adjust the second Glan polarizer to the left-hand polarization state and the right-hand polarization state respectively. Confirm the zero point, i.e. the reference signal when there is no aerosol sample solution in the gas chamber, through the fiber optic spectrometer signal, and record the back selection angle corresponding to the left-hand polarization state and the right-hand polarization state at this time.

[0067] S23. Inject the aerosol sample solution into the aerosol generator, start the aerosol generator to atomize the aerosol sample solution to generate aerosol, and pass it into the gas chamber until the airflow and concentration distribution of the aerosol in the gas chamber reach dynamic equilibrium.

[0068] S24. Adjust the second Glan polarizer to the post-selection angles corresponding to the left-handed and right-handed polarization states recorded in step S22. At this time, the visible light beam emitted by the broadband light source is prepared into a pre-selected quantum state through the first Glan polarizer, and then passes through the gas cell and interacts with the aerosol in the gas cell. The light polarization state carrying the optical rotation information is weakly coupled with the fiber optic spectrometer to form an overall entangled state. Then, the second Glan polarizer is used to filter the overall entangled state, and the optical rotation signal is amplified into the intensity difference between the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light, and the amplified intensity difference is recorded.

[0069] In step S24, by adjusting the post-selection angle of the second Glan polarization, the following post-selection quantum state |ψ is set. f >:

[0070]

[0071] In the formula, represents the phase factor; α represents the optical rotation angle of the aerosol, and α << 1; β represents the internal coupling strength of the light polarization state, and β << 1.

[0072] In step S24, the preselected quantum state |ψ i prepared by the first Glan polarizer is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] |L> = (|H> + i|V>) / 2;

[0075] |R> = (|H> - i|V>) / 2;

[0076] In the formula, |L> and |R> respectively represent the kets of the left-handed circular polarization state and the right-handed circular polarization state; i represents the imaginary unit; |H> and |V> respectively represent the horizontal polarization state and the vertical polarization state.

[0077] In step S24, the overall entangled state |Φ'> is evolved through the unitary operator:

[0078]

[0079] where

[0080] φ(F) = Z F exp(-F 2 / 4ΔF 2 );

[0081]

[0082] In the formula, γ represents the weak coupling strength between the light polarization state and the fiber optic spectrometer; represents the light polarization state observation operator; represents the observation operator of the fiber optic spectrometer; φ(F) represents the initial quantum state; F represents the input variable, that is, it is the light intensity I + of the left-handed circularly polarized light spectrogram - or the light intensity I F of the right-handed circularly polarized light spectrogram; Z

[0083] In step S24, the expressions of the selected overall entangled state |Ψ> and the light intensity distribution I(y) are as follows:

[0084]

[0085] I(y) = <Ψ|Ψ>; <X

[0086] In the formula, Aw <Ψ|Ψ> represents the weak value; <Ψ|Ψ> represents the squared magnitude of the overall entangled state after filtering.

[0087] S3. Based on the intensity difference between left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light obtained in step S2, the optical rotation angle spectra of aerosol sample solutions at various concentrations are calculated using the quantum weak measurement theory model. This allows for the determination of aerosol type and concentration through the characteristic differences in the optical rotation angle spectra. Specifically, due to differences in optical rotation properties, different aerosols (such as particles with different chemical compositions and particle size distributions) exhibit unique characteristics in their optical rotation angle spectra (spectral line shape, peak / valley wavelength position, sign of optical rotation, etc.), which can be used for type identification. Furthermore, since the intensity of the optical rotation angle spectrum of the same type of aerosol is linearly correlated with its concentration, the concentration of unknown samples can be inferred by pre-constructing a concentration-optical rotation angle calibration curve.

[0088] The optical rotation angle spectrum η described in step S3 α The calculation formula is as follows:

[0089]

[0090] in,

[0091]

[0092] In the formula, Indicates the intensity I of the spectrum of left-handed circularly polarized light. + Spectral diagram of right-hand circularly polarized light intensity I - The difference, i.e. This represents the average light intensity at the post-selection angle, and A ω(α) The back selection angle represents the weak value χ in a luminous scene; Operator representing polarization state observation In the preselected quantum state |ψ i >To the later selection of quantum state|ψ f > matrix elements between; <ψ f |ψ i > represents the preselected quantum state |ψ i >and the post-selected quantum state|ψ f > Quantum state overlap.

[0093] like Figure 5 As shown, an apparatus for detecting atmospheric aerosols based on quantum weak measurement includes a broadband light source 1, a first lens 2, a second lens 3, a first aperture 4, a first Glan polarizer 5, a gas chamber 6, a second Glan polarizer 7, a second aperture 8, and a fiber optic spectrometer 9 arranged sequentially along the optical path. The fiber optic spectrometer 9 is electrically connected to the detection terminal, and the gas chamber 6 is connected to the aerosol generator 10. In this embodiment, the detection terminal is a computer.

[0094] The broadband light source 1 is used to emit a visible light beam with a laser wavelength of 360nm to 2500nm. The emitted visible light beam passes sequentially through the first lens 2, the second lens 3, the first aperture 4, the first Glan polarizer 5, the gas cell 6, the second Glan polarizer 7, the second aperture 8, and the fiber optic spectrometer 9 before being received by the detection terminal to calculate the optical rotation angle spectrum corresponding to aerosol sample solutions at various concentrations.

[0095] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting atmospheric aerosols based on quantum weak measurement, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Prepare aerosol solutions of various concentrations and use ultrasonic vibration method to dissolve the prepared aerosol solutions to obtain uniformly dispersed aerosol sample solutions of various concentrations. S2. Detect the intensity difference between left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light of the aerosol sample solutions of various concentrations obtained in step S1. S3. Based on the intensity difference between left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light obtained in step S2, the optical rotation angle spectrum corresponding to aerosol sample solutions at various concentrations is calculated using the quantum weak measurement theory model, so as to determine the type and concentration of aerosols by the characteristic differences of the optical rotation angle spectrum. Step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21. Arrange the broadband light source, first lens, second lens, first aperture, first Glan polarizer, gas cell, second Glan polarizer, second aperture and fiber optic spectrometer in sequence along the optical path, and connect the fiber optic spectrometer to the detection terminal and connect the gas cell to the aerosol generator. S22. Using a broadband light source to emit a visible light beam, with the gas chamber empty, adjust the second Glan polarizer to the left-hand polarization state and the right-hand polarization state respectively. Confirm the zero point, i.e. the reference signal when there is no aerosol sample solution in the gas chamber, through the fiber optic spectrometer signal, and record the back selection angle corresponding to the left-hand polarization state and the right-hand polarization state at this time. S23. Inject the aerosol sample solution into the aerosol generator, start the aerosol generator to atomize the aerosol sample solution to generate aerosols, and introduce them into the gas chamber until the gas flow and concentration distribution of the aerosols introduced into the gas chamber reach dynamic equilibrium; S24. Adjust the second Glan polarizer to the post-selection angles corresponding to the left-handed and right-handed polarization states recorded in step S22. At this time, the visible light beam emitted by the broadband light source is prepared into a pre-selected quantum state through the first Glan polarizer, and then passes through the gas cell and interacts with the aerosol in the gas cell. The light polarization state carrying the optical rotation information is weakly coupled with the fiber optic spectrometer to form an overall entangled state. Then, the second Glan polarizer is used to filter the overall entangled state, and the optical rotation signal is amplified into the intensity difference between the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light, and the amplified intensity difference is recorded.

2. The atmospheric aerosol detection method based on quantum weak measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, dipropylene glycol is used as a solvent to prepare aerosol solutions of various concentrations.

3. The atmospheric aerosol detection method based on quantum weak measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S24, the following post-selection quantum state is set by adjusting the post-selection angle of the second Glan polarization. : ； In the formula, Represents the phase factor; This represents the optical rotation angle of the aerosol, and ; This represents the internal coupling strength of the optical polarization state, and .

4. The atmospheric aerosol detection method based on quantum weak measurement according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S24, the preselected quantum state is prepared by the first Glan polarizing mirror. The expression is as follows: ； ； ； In the formula, and These represent the right vectors of the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized states, respectively. Represents the imaginary unit; and These represent the horizontal polarization state and the vertical polarization state, respectively.

5. The atmospheric aerosol detection method based on quantum weak measurement according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S24, the global entangled state is evolved through the unitary operator. : ； in, ； ； In the formula, This indicates the weak coupling strength between the optical polarization state and the fiber optic spectrometer; Operator for observing the polarization state of light; The observation operator for a fiber optic spectrometer; Represents the initial quantum state; This represents the input variable, specifically the intensity of the left-hand circularly polarized light spectrum. Or the intensity of the right-hand circularly polarized light spectrum ; Normalization coefficient representing spatial distribution; Indicates uncertainty; The left vector represents the left-handed circularly polarized state; The left vector represents the right-hand circularly polarized state.

6. The atmospheric aerosol detection method based on quantum weak measurement according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S24, the filtered global entangled states and light intensity distribution The expression is as follows: ； ； In the formula, Indicates weak value; This represents the squared magnitude of the overall entangled state after filtering.

7. The atmospheric aerosol detection method based on quantum weak measurement according to claim 6, characterized in that: The optical rotation angular spectrum described in step S3 The calculation formula is as follows: ； in, ； In the formula, Indicating the intensity of the spectrum of left-handed circularly polarized light Compared with the intensity of right-handed circularly polarized light spectrum The difference, i.e. ; This represents the average light intensity at the post-selection angle, and ; Indicates the weak value in a light-rotating scene. The subsequent selection angle; Operator representing polarization state observation In the preselected quantum state Later, choose the quantum state Matrix elements between; Represents the preselected quantum state With post-selected quantum states The degree of quantum state overlap.

8. An apparatus for performing the atmospheric aerosol detection method based on quantum weak measurement as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: It includes a broadband light source, a first lens, a second lens, a first aperture, a first Glan polarizer, a gas cell, a second Glan polarizer, a second aperture, and a fiber optic spectrometer arranged sequentially along the optical path. The fiber optic spectrometer is electrically connected to the detection terminal, and the gas cell is connected to the aerosol generator. The broadband light source is used to emit visible light beams with laser wavelengths of 360nm to 2500nm. The emitted visible light beams pass sequentially through a first lens, a second lens, a first aperture, a first Glan polarizer, a gas cell, a second Glan polarizer, a second aperture, and a fiber optic spectrometer before being received by the detection terminal to calculate the optical rotation angle spectra corresponding to aerosol sample solutions at various concentrations.

Images