A high-voltage digital voltage regulator system based on optocoupled digital-to-analog converter

Abstract

The application discloses a high-voltage digital voltage stabilizer system based on an optocoupler digital-analog converter, which comprises a control circuit and a power circuit which are connected with each other, the control circuit comprises a receiving module, a shift register and a driver which are connected in sequence, the power circuit comprises an optocoupler digital-analog converter, a high-voltage power transistor and a detection module which are connected in sequence, the input end of the receiving module is connected with the output end of the detection module, the detection result of the detection module is converted into a driving level signal through the optocoupler isolation and is output to the shift register to control the direction of the shift operation, the output of the shift register is output to the optocoupler digital-analog converter through the driver, the output of the optocoupler digital-analog converter is provided to the high-voltage power transistor to adjust the output voltage of a high-voltage output end, and the detection module is used for detecting the voltage state of the high-voltage output end. The application has the advantages of small output ripple, fast adjustment speed, simple control logic, strong output stability and strong anti-interference ability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-voltage digital voltage regulation technology, and in particular to a high-voltage digital voltage regulator system based on an optocoupler digital-to-analog converter. Background Technology

[0002] Linear regulators offer advantages such as low output noise, fast response, and no need for inductors, making them widely used in low-voltage power supply systems. Traditional linear regulators typically employ an analog circuit architecture, using an analog error amplifier, voltage reference, and feedback network to regulate voltage. This means they use analog signals to control power transistors to regulate the output voltage, a method highly dependent on the accuracy of the power transistor's gate control signal. However, in high-voltage input applications (such as 100V to 1000V levels), analog regulators using this circuit architecture suffer from the following problems:

[0003] 1. Due to the poor adaptability of high-voltage devices, the low process matching accuracy and large parameter drift of high-voltage transistors, resistors and other devices will cause the stability and regulation accuracy of the analog feedback loop to drop sharply. In addition, since the analog linear regulator is highly dependent on the accuracy of the gate control signal of the power transistor, the problem of control signal distortion will inevitably exist when it is applied to the control of high-voltage power supply.

[0004] 2. The output voltage of a linear regulator is controlled by a power transistor. In a high-voltage environment, the gate of the power transistor requires a higher voltage for control. The output voltage of a traditional error amplifier cannot meet the gate voltage requirements of a high-voltage power transistor, and low-voltage analog signals are also difficult to convert accurately into high-voltage analog signals.

[0005] In summary, the traditional analog voltage regulator circuit structure using analog circuit architecture cannot be used to design high-voltage linear voltage regulators, and there is an urgent need to provide a linear voltage regulator that can be used in high-voltage input scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is as follows: In view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-voltage digital regulator system based on an optocoupler digital-to-analog converter with low output ripple, fast adjustment speed, simple control logic, and strong output stability and anti-interference ability. It can automatically maintain the stability of high voltage output, while greatly enhancing the anti-interference ability under high voltage environment and improving system reliability.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows:

[0008] A high-voltage digital regulator system based on an optocoupler digital-to-analog converter includes a control circuit and a power circuit connected to each other. The control circuit includes a receiving module, a shift register, and a driver connected in sequence. The power circuit (2) includes an optocoupler digital-to-analog converter, a high-voltage power transistor, and a detection module connected in sequence. The input terminal of the receiving module is connected to the output terminal of the detection module. The receiving module isolates the detection result of the detection module through optocoupler and converts it into a drive level signal, which is then output to the shift register. The shift register controls the direction of the shift operation according to the received drive level signal. The shift result of the shift register is output to the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter through the driver. The optocoupler digital-to-analog converter converts the digital signal in the low-voltage domain into an analog signal in the high-voltage domain. The output of the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter is provided to the high-voltage power transistor to adjust the output voltage of the high-voltage output terminal. The detection module is used to detect the voltage state of the high-voltage output terminal of the high-voltage power transistor and feed the detection result back to the receiving module.

[0009] Furthermore, the control circuit uses a low-voltage power supply, while the power circuit uses a high-voltage power supply.

[0010] Furthermore, the receiving module includes two or more processing branches to process various status detection flag signals output by the detection module respectively. Each processing branch includes an optocoupler and a pull-down resistor. One end of the optocoupler is connected to a low-voltage power supply, and the other end is grounded through the pull-down resistor. In each processing branch, the optocoupler is respectively connected to the status detection flag signal output by the detection module. After being isolated by the optocoupler and converted into a corresponding drive level signal, the signal is output to the shift register.

[0011] Furthermore, the state detection flag signal includes an overvoltage flag signal and an undervoltage flag signal. The overvoltage flag signal and the undervoltage flag signal are respectively a first drive level signal CMPH and a second drive level signal CMPL. At the rising edge of the clock signal, the state of the shift register is controlled according to the first drive level signal CMPH and the second drive level signal CMPL. When the first drive level signal CMPH is high, the shift register shifts to the right and fills empty spaces with 0. When the second drive level signal CMPL is high, the shift register shifts to the left and fills empty spaces with 1.

[0012] Furthermore, both the shift register and the driver are N-bit, and the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter includes an N-bit optocoupler. The output terminal of the N-bit driver is connected to the transmitter terminal of the N-bit optocoupler, where N is an integer greater than 1.

[0013] Furthermore, the output terminal of the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter is connected to the gate of the high-voltage power transistor, the drain of the high-voltage power transistor is connected to a high-voltage power supply, the source of the high-voltage power transistor serves as a high-voltage output terminal, and the source of the high-voltage power transistor is also provided with a voltage divider network.

[0014] Furthermore, the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter includes multiple conversion branches, each of which converts the digital control signal provided by the driver into a DAC signal output. Each conversion branch includes a 1-bit optocoupler and a 1-bit variable resistor connected in sequence. The input terminal of the optocoupler in each conversion branch is connected to a high-voltage power supply, and the output terminal of the optocoupler is connected to a power resistor R3 through the variable resistor.

[0015] Furthermore, each of the aforementioned conversion branches is connected in parallel with a protection resistor RP to clamp the output voltage of the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter.

[0016] Furthermore, the detection module includes a first bandgap reference source Bandgap1, a second bandgap reference source Bandgap2, a first comparator, and a second comparator. The output of the first bandgap reference source Bandgap1 is connected as a reference to the inverting input of the first comparator, and the output of the second bandgap reference source Bandgap2 is connected as a reference to the positive input of the second comparator. The output of the first comparator is an overvoltage flag signal, and the output of the second comparator is an undervoltage flag signal.

[0017] Furthermore, when the output of the first comparator is high, it indicates that the current system output voltage is higher than the rated value. The detection module outputs an overvoltage flag signal and feeds it back to the receiving module to shift the shift register to the right, thereby lowering the system output voltage. When the output of the second comparator is high, it indicates that the current system output voltage is lower than the rated value. The detection module outputs an undervoltage flag signal and feeds it back to the receiving module to shift the shift register to the right, thereby raising the system output voltage. When the outputs of both the first and second comparators are low, it indicates that the current system output voltage is near the rated voltage. The detection module does not output a status detection flag signal to maintain the current output voltage state of the system.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. This invention combines digital linear regulator (DLR) technology with an optocoupler digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to realize a high-voltage digital regulator system. The DLR technology controls the power transistor array, while the DAC converts the low-voltage digital signal into a high-voltage analog signal. This effectively enables the control of high-voltage power transistors, solving the problem that DLR technology cannot be directly applied to high-voltage power supply scenarios due to data processing in the low-voltage domain and the power transistors and corresponding control circuits in the high-voltage domain. Therefore, this invention fully leverages the advantages of DLR technology to provide a high-voltage digital linear regulator for high-voltage systems, effectively reducing output ripple and improving regulation speed, achieving high-voltage linear regulation with low output ripple and fast regulation speed.

[0020] 2. This invention, through a closed-loop structure based on detection, comparison, digital logic processing, isolated DA conversion, and power regulation, can automatically maintain the stability of high-voltage output. Digital signal processing and optocoupler isolation can greatly enhance the system's anti-interference capability under high-voltage environments. At the same time, by achieving electrical isolation between the control circuit and the high-voltage power circuit through optocouplers, it can also avoid high-voltage noise interference with digital logic, effectively improving system reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the high-voltage digital regulator system based on an optocoupler digital-to-analog converter in this embodiment.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the receiving module in this embodiment.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter in this embodiment.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the detection module in this embodiment.

[0025] Legend: 1. Control circuit; 101. Receiving module; 102. Shift register; 103. Driver; 2. Power circuit; 201. Optocoupler digital-to-analog converter; 202. High-voltage power transistor; 203. Detection module. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments, but this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Digital LDO (Low Dropout Linear Regulator) technology employs digital closed-loop control, replacing continuous analog signal processing with discrete digital signals. This offers advantages such as strong anti-interference capabilities, good process portability, and ease of implementing complex control strategies. Digital linear regulator technology uses digital signals to control power transistor arrays, resulting in robust control signals that easily switch between high and low voltage domains, making it more suitable for designing high-voltage linear regulators. However, existing digital LDO technologies focus on the low-voltage domain, and their circuit structure, switching device voltage withstand capabilities, and control logic are not directly adaptable to kilovolt-level high-voltage input scenarios.

[0028] This invention combines digital linear regulator technology with an optocoupler digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to construct a high-voltage digital regulator system. The digital linear regulator technology controls the power transistor array, while the DAC converts the low-voltage digital signal into a high-voltage analog signal. This not only generates a high-precision analog signal for controlling the high-voltage power transistors, but also ensures the analog signal is at a relatively high voltage, making it effective for controlling the high-voltage power transistors. This fully leverages the advantages of digital linear regulator technology, making it suitable for high-voltage power supply scenarios, providing high-voltage digital linear regulators for powering high-voltage systems (such as systems with hundreds or even thousands of volts). Compared to traditional high-voltage switching regulators, it effectively reduces output ripple and improves regulation speed, achieving high-voltage linear regulation with low output ripple and fast regulation speed.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the high-voltage digital regulator system based on an optocoupler digital-to-analog converter includes a control circuit 1 and a power circuit 2 connected to each other. The control circuit 1 uses a low-voltage power supply, while the power circuit 2 uses a high-voltage power supply. The control circuit 1 includes a receiving module 101, a shift register 102, and a driver 103 connected in sequence. The power circuit 2 includes an optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201, a high-voltage power transistor 202, and a detection module 203 connected in sequence. The input terminal of the receiving module 101 is connected to the output terminal of the detection module 203. Optical coupling is used to isolate the control circuit 1 from the power circuit 2. The receiving module 101 receives the detection result from the detection module 203, isolates it with an optocoupler, converts it into a drive level signal, and outputs it to the shift register 102. The shift register 102 controls the direction of the shift operation according to the received drive level signal. The shift result of the shift register 102 is output to the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201 through the driver 103. The optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201 converts the digital signal in the low-voltage domain into an analog signal in the high-voltage domain. The output of the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201 is provided to the high-voltage power transistor 202 to adjust the output voltage of the high-voltage output terminal. The detection module 203 is used to detect the voltage state of the high-voltage output terminal of the high-voltage power transistor 202 and feeds back the detection result to the receiving module 101.

[0030] This embodiment, through the above-described structure, utilizes digital-to-digital linear regulator technology combined with an optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201 to convert the low-voltage digital control signal output from the shift register 102 in the low-voltage domain into a high-voltage analog control signal. This effectively solves the problem that digital linear regulator technology cannot be directly applied to high-voltage power supply scenarios due to data processing in the low-voltage domain and power transistors and corresponding control circuits 1 in the high-voltage domain. It realizes a high-voltage digital regulator system, and based on a closed-loop structure of detection, comparison, digital logic processing, isolation DA conversion, and power regulation, it can automatically maintain the stability of high-voltage output. Digital signal processing and optocoupler isolation can greatly enhance the system's anti-interference capability under high-voltage conditions. At the same time, the optocoupler achieves electrical isolation between the control circuit and the high-voltage power circuit, which can also prevent high-voltage noise from interfering with digital logic, effectively improving system reliability.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the receiving module 101 specifically includes two processing branches to process the two types of status detection flag signals (overvoltage flag signal and undervoltage flag signal) output by the detection module 203 respectively. Each processing branch includes an optocoupler and a pull-down resistor. One end of the optocoupler is connected to a low-voltage power supply, and the other end is grounded through the pull-down resistor. In each processing branch, the optocoupler is respectively connected to the status detection flag signal (overvoltage flag signal and undervoltage flag signal) output by the detection module 203. After being isolated by the optocoupler and converted into the first driving level signal CMPH and the second driving level signal CMPL, the signal is output to the shift register 102 to directly control the shift direction of the shift register 102.

[0032] It is understandable that the detection module 203 can also output other types of status detection flag signals according to actual needs, or detect multiple types of status detection flag signals at the same time. The corresponding receiving module 101 can be set with multiple processing branches to process each status detection flag signal, and convert them into corresponding drive level signals through optocoupler isolation.

[0033] In this embodiment, the shift register 102 is controlled by the drive level signals CMPH and CMPL, as well as the clock signal. At the rising edge of the clock signal, the state of the shift register 102 is controlled according to the first drive level signal CMPH and the second drive level signal CMPL. That is, the state of the shift register 102 changes according to the drive level signals CMPH and CMPL. For example, when the first drive level signal CMPH is high, the shift register 102 shifts to the right, filling empty bits with 0; when the second drive level signal CMPL is high, the shift register 102 shifts to the left, filling empty bits with 1. By using the shift register 102 as the core digital control unit, the incremental or decremental adjustment of the control quantity can be achieved using simple shift operations, which not only simplifies the control logic but also improves the reliability of the implementation.

[0034] In this embodiment, both the shift register 102 and the driver 103 are N-bit. Correspondingly, the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201 includes an N-bit optocoupler. The output of the N-bit driver 103 is connected to the transmitter of the N-bit optocoupler, where N is an integer greater than 1. The output of the n-bit register in the shift register 102 is connected to the n-bit driver, which is connected to the transmitter of the n-bit optocoupler. The receiver of the n-bit optocoupler is located in a resistor network, serving as a control switch for the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201. The aforementioned N bits indicate that N identical modules are connected in parallel, meaning that N-bit signals simultaneously control N modules.

[0035] In this embodiment, the output of the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201 is specifically connected to the gate of the high-voltage power transistor 202. The drain of the high-voltage power transistor 202 is connected to a high-voltage power supply, and the source of the high-voltage power transistor 202 serves as the high-voltage output. The output of the shift register 102 is provided to the gate of the high-voltage power transistor 202 after passing through the driver 103, thereby controlling the high-voltage output of the system. The source of the high-voltage power transistor 202 is also equipped with a voltage divider network. The high-voltage output of the system is connected to the detection module 203 after being divided by resistors. The detection module 203 detects the voltage division value of the high-voltage output and outputs a corresponding control signal. The output of the detection module 203 is then fed back to the receiving module 101, realizing closed-loop control of the system.

[0036] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201 specifically includes multiple conversion branches. Each conversion branch converts the digital control signal provided by the driver 103 into a DAC signal output. Each conversion branch includes a 1-bit optocoupler and a 1-bit variable resistor connected in sequence. The input terminal of the optocoupler in each conversion branch is connected to a high-voltage power supply, and the output terminal of the optocoupler is connected to a power resistor R3 through the variable resistor. A protection resistor RP is also connected in parallel across both ends of each conversion branch to clamp the output voltage of the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201.

[0037] The working principle of an optocoupler is that a control signal is connected to a light-emitting diode (LED), and the switching on and off of the receiving diode is controlled by whether the LED emits light. In this embodiment, by connecting the input of the optocoupler to a high-voltage power supply and the output of the optocoupler to a variable resistor, the effective control of each variable resistor can be achieved. N variable resistors are connected in parallel with the optocoupler branch. A protection resistor RP is connected in parallel with the variable resistor array to clamp the output voltage of the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201. This effectively prevents the optocoupler from being damaged by the voltage drop between the output and the power supply in extreme cases (e.g., when all bits are turned off).

[0038] This embodiment employs an optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201 with the aforementioned structure, which is simple in structure and easy to implement. It consists only of resistors and optocouplers. The on / off state of the optocoupler is directly used to control the connection state of the analog resistor network. That is, the optocoupler controls the equivalent resistance of the resistor array, which can regulate the output voltage. Furthermore, the optocoupler can directly receive the digital control signal from the low-voltage end, so that the output of the shift register 102 does not need to go through decoding logic and can be directly transmitted to the optocoupler in the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201 to control the output voltage of the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201. It can also achieve isolation between the control circuit 1 and the power circuit 2.

[0039] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the detection module 203 includes a first bandgap reference source Bandgap1, a second bandgap reference source Bandgap2, a first comparator, and a second comparator. The output of the first bandgap reference source Bandgap1 is connected as a reference to the inverting input of the first comparator, and the output of the second bandgap reference source Bandgap2 is connected as a reference to the non-inverting input of the second comparator. The output of the first comparator is an overvoltage flag signal, and the output of the second comparator is an undervoltage flag signal. Specifically, the first drive level signal CMPH can be configured to be high when the overvoltage flag is 1, and the second drive level signal CMPL can be high when the undervoltage flag is 1. The drive level signals CMPH and CMPL will serve as control signals for the shift register 102 to control the shift register 102 to perform left or right shift operations.

[0040] In this embodiment, when the output of the first comparator is high, i.e., an overvoltage flag signal, it indicates that the current system output voltage is higher than the rated value. The detection module 203 outputs the overvoltage flag signal and feeds it back to the receiving module 101 to shift the shift register 102 to the right. After passing through the driver 103, it is provided to the high-voltage power switch, thereby causing the system output voltage to decrease. When the output of the second comparator is high, i.e., an undervoltage flag signal, it indicates that the current system output voltage is lower than the rated value. The detection module 203 outputs the undervoltage flag signal and feeds it back to the receiving module 101 to shift the shift register 102 to the right, thereby causing the system output voltage to increase. When the outputs of both the first and second comparators are low, it indicates that the current system output is near the rated voltage. The detection module 203 does not output the status detection flag signal to maintain the current output voltage state of the system, i.e., the system does not need to be adjusted.

[0041] In specific application embodiments, the high-voltage power transistor 202 may need to be selected based on the high-voltage supply voltage value to reduce the risk of breakdown of the high-voltage power transistor 202 under extreme conditions. The resistors in the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201 are preferably selected to be resistors of 100KΩ or higher, thereby reducing power consumption on the resistors and lowering the heat generation of the module. High-voltage power supply can also be achieved by using a DC-DC step-down circuit to power the detection module 203.

[0042] In a specific application embodiment, the working process of the above-mentioned high-voltage digital regulator system based on an optocoupler digital-to-analog converter is as follows:

[0043] S1: The detection module 203 detects the voltage division value of the current system output voltage (the voltage division value of the high voltage output terminal of the high voltage power transistor 202) and determines the current state of the system output voltage. In the overvoltage state, it outputs an overvoltage flag signal; in the undervoltage state, it outputs an undervoltage flag signal; and in the normal state, it does not output a status detection flag signal.

[0044] S2: The detection module 203 inputs the detection result to the receiving module 101. The receiving module 101 generates drive level signals CMPH and CMPL to control the shift register 102 to perform shift operations. The shift register 102 performs shift operations according to the drive level signals CMPH and CMPL.

[0045] S3: The shift result of shift register 102 is transmitted to optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201 through driver 103 to realize the control of the output voltage of optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201.

[0046] S4: The output of the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201 is provided to the gate of the high-voltage power transistor 202. The high-voltage power transistor 202 is controlled by the output voltage of the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201, and the output voltage of the high-voltage output terminal is adjusted to restore it to near the rated voltage, thus completing the closed-loop regulation.

[0047] This invention combines digital linear regulator technology with an optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201 to construct a high-voltage digital regulator system. The optocoupler digital-to-analog converter 201 converts digital signals in the low-voltage domain into analog signals in the high-voltage domain, which can be effectively used to control the high-voltage power transistor 202. This results in a high-voltage digital regulator system with low output ripple, fast adjustment speed, and simple control logic, suitable for powering various high-voltage precision systems.

[0048] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-voltage digital regulator system based on an optocoupler-to-analog converter, characterized in that, The system includes a control circuit (1) and a power circuit (2) connected to each other. The control circuit (1) includes a receiving module (101), a shift register (102), and a driver (103) connected in sequence. The power circuit (2) includes an optocoupler digital-to-analog converter (201), a high-voltage power transistor (202), and a detection module (203) connected in sequence. The input terminal of the receiving module (101) is connected to the output terminal of the detection module (203). The receiving module (101) optically isolates the detection result of the detection module (203) and converts it into a driving level signal, which is then output to the shift register (102). (102) The direction of the shift operation is controlled according to the received drive level signal. The shift result of the shift register (102) is output to the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter (201) through the driver (103). The optocoupler digital-to-analog converter (201) converts the digital signal in the low voltage domain into the analog signal in the high voltage domain. The output of the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter (201) is provided to the high voltage power transistor (202) to adjust the output voltage of the high voltage output terminal. The detection module (203) is used to detect the voltage state of the high voltage output terminal of the high voltage power transistor (202) and feed back the detection result to the receiving module (101). The output terminal of the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter (201) is connected to the gate of the high-voltage power transistor (202), the drain of the high-voltage power transistor (202) is connected to the high-voltage power supply, the source of the high-voltage power transistor (202) serves as the high-voltage output terminal, and the source of the high-voltage power transistor (202) is also provided with a voltage divider network. The optocoupler digital-to-analog converter (201) includes multiple conversion branches, each of which converts the digital control signal provided by the driver (103) into a DAC signal output. Each conversion branch includes a 1-bit optocoupler and a 1-bit variable resistor connected in sequence. The input terminal of the optocoupler of each conversion branch is connected to a high-voltage power supply, and the output terminal of the optocoupler is connected to a power resistor R3 through a variable resistor.

2. The high-voltage digital regulator system based on an optocoupler-to-analog converter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control circuit (1) is powered by low voltage, and the power circuit (2) is powered by high voltage.

3. The high-voltage digital regulator system based on an optocoupler-to-analog converter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The receiving module (101) includes two or more processing branches to process various status detection flag signals output by the detection module (203) respectively. Each processing branch includes an optocoupler and a pull-down resistor. One end of the optocoupler is connected to a low-voltage power supply, and the other end is grounded through the pull-down resistor. In each processing branch, the optocoupler is connected to the status detection flag signal output by the detection module (203) respectively. After being isolated by the optocoupler and converted into the corresponding driving level signal, it is output to the shift register (102).

4. The high-voltage digital regulator system based on an optocoupler-to-analog converter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The state detection flag signal includes an overvoltage flag signal and an undervoltage flag signal. The overvoltage flag signal corresponds to the first drive level signal CMPH and the second drive level signal CMPL, respectively. At the rising edge of the clock signal, the state of the shift register (102) is controlled according to the first drive level signal CMPH and the second drive level signal CMPL. When the first drive level signal CMPH is high, the shift register (102) shifts to the right and fills empty spaces with 0. When the second drive level signal CMPL is high, the shift register (102) shifts to the left and fills empty spaces with 1.

5. The high-voltage digital regulator system based on an optocoupler-to-analog converter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shift register (102) and driver (103) are both N-bit. The optocoupler digital-to-analog converter (201) includes an N-bit optocoupler. The output terminal of the N-bit driver (103) is connected to the transmitter terminal of the N-bit optocoupler, where N is an integer greater than 1.

6. The high-voltage digital regulator system based on an optocoupler-to-analog converter according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned conversion branches is also connected in parallel with a protection resistor RP to clamp the output voltage of the optocoupler digital-to-analog converter (201).

7. The high-voltage digital regulator system based on an optocoupler-to-analog converter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The detection module (203) includes a first bandgap reference source Bandgap1, a second bandgap reference source Bandgap2, a first comparator, and a second comparator. The output of the first bandgap reference source Bandgap1 is connected as a reference to the inverting input of the first comparator, and the output of the second bandgap reference source Bandgap2 is connected as a reference to the positive input of the second comparator. The output of the first comparator is an overvoltage flag signal, and the output of the second comparator is an undervoltage flag signal.

8. The high-voltage digital regulator system based on an optocoupler-to-analog converter according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the output of the first comparator is high, it indicates that the current system output voltage is higher than the rated value. The detection module (203) outputs an overvoltage flag signal and feeds it back to the receiving module (101) so that the shift register (102) shifts to the right, thereby lowering the system output voltage. When the output of the second comparator is high, it indicates that the current system output voltage is lower than the rated value. The detection module (203) outputs an undervoltage flag signal and feeds it back to the receiving module (101) so that the shift register (102) shifts to the right, thereby raising the system output voltage. When the outputs of the first comparator and the second comparator are both low, it indicates that the current system output is near the rated voltage. The detection module (203) does not output a status detection flag signal to maintain the current output voltage state of the system.

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