An air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system and its working method

Abstract

This invention relates to an air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system and its operating method. The air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system integrates a condenser / dehumidifier in the fuel cell stack, and an ultrasonic atomizer is installed in the fan. The fan and the condenser / heat exchanger are positioned opposite each other on opposite sides of the fuel cell stack. A hydrogen source is connected to the condenser / heat exchanger, and the hydrogen outlet of the condenser / heat exchanger is connected to a vortex tube. The cold end outlet of the vortex tube is connected to the inlet of the condenser / dehumidifier in the fuel cell stack. The outlet of the condenser / dehumidifier in the fuel cell stack and the hot end outlet of the vortex tube are first connected together via pipelines, and then jointly connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack. The liquid water outlet of the condenser / heat exchanger is connected to a liquid water collector. The anode outlet of the fuel cell stack is also connected to the liquid water collector, and the liquid outlet of the liquid water collector is connected to the ultrasonic atomizer in the fan. By forming a closed-loop system of "condensate recovery – atomization – humidification," the humidity of the fuel cell stack cathode is controlled, replacing traditional complex external humidification devices, improving humidification efficiency while significantly saving energy and reducing consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and specifically to an air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system and its operating method. Background Technology

[0002] Air-cooled open-cathode fuel cells employ an open-cathode design, using a fan to drive air to simultaneously perform cooling and oxygen supply functions. This eliminates the need for an additional coolant circulation system and removes the need for an air compressor, significantly reducing system costs and energy consumption. With its simple structure and light weight, it is widely used in portable devices.

[0003] In existing air-cooled cathode open fuel cells, the cathode typically lacks humidification capabilities, making it difficult to ensure optimal humidity levels for stack operation and resulting in low stack efficiency. Achieving cathode humidification generally involves external humidification devices, which are complex and inefficient. Furthermore, current air-cooled cathode open fuel cell stacks use a pulse drainage method to remove water generated during the reaction to prevent flooding; however, this method wastes hydrogen.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design an air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system and its operating method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system and its working method, the purpose of which is to humidify the cathode without adding complex external structures by optimizing the structure of the air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] An air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen source, a condenser heat exchanger, a vortex tube, a liquid water collector, and a fan. The fuel cell stack integrates a condenser dehumidifier for liquefying water vapor generated in the reaction within the fuel cell stack. The fan is equipped with an ultrasonic atomizer. The fan is located on one side of the fuel cell stack, and the condenser heat exchanger is located on the other side of the fuel cell stack. The fan and the condenser heat exchanger are arranged opposite to each other.

[0008] The hydrogen source is connected to the liquid hydrogen inlet of the condenser heat exchanger, the hydrogen outlet of the condenser heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the vortex tube, the cold end outlet of the vortex tube is connected to the condenser dehumidifier inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the condenser dehumidifier outlet of the fuel cell stack and the hot end outlet of the vortex tube are first connected together through pipelines and then connected together to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0009] The liquid water outlet of the condenser heat exchanger is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector; the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack is also connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector; the liquid outlet of the liquid water collector is connected to the ultrasonic atomizer in the fan; and a water pump is installed on the connecting pipe between the liquid outlet of the liquid water collector and the fan.

[0010] Preferably, the fuel cell stack includes an end plate, an insulating plate, a current collector, and a single cell. The fuel cell stack is assembled in the following order: end plate, insulating plate, current collector, several single cells, current collector, insulating plate, and end plate. The single cell is composed of a bipolar plate and a membrane electrode. An anode inlet and an anode outlet are provided on one end plate of the fuel cell stack.

[0011] Preferably, the fuel cell stack integrates a condenser dehumidifier, which consists of heat exchange tanks and flow guide tanks. Several heat exchange tanks are arranged in an array at the lower part of the bipolar plate, with the heat exchange tanks close to the anode outlet of the bipolar plate. The flow guide tanks are respectively located at the lower part of the insulating plate and the current collector plate, and the heat exchange tanks are all connected to the flow guide tanks. The two end plates are respectively provided with a condenser dehumidifier inlet and a condenser dehumidifier outlet, which are respectively connected to the adjacent flow guide tanks.

[0012] Preferably, the condenser heat exchanger has a plate-like structure with multiple independent flow channels arranged from top to bottom inside, and the flow channels are hollowed out to allow air circulation. A liquid hydrogen inlet is provided on the lower side of one side of the condenser heat exchanger, and a hydrogen outlet is provided on the upper side of the other side of the condenser heat exchanger. Liquid hydrogen from the hydrogen source enters through the liquid hydrogen inlet of the condenser heat exchanger and flows along the internal flow channels of the condenser heat exchanger. It exchanges heat with the hot air outside in the flow channels. After the liquid hydrogen vaporizes into hydrogen gas, it flows out through the hydrogen outlet of the condenser heat exchanger.

[0013] Preferably, the lower part of the condenser heat exchanger is also provided with a water inlet tank. The hot gas on the outer surface of the flow channel of the condenser heat exchanger exchanges heat with the liquid hydrogen inside the flow channel. After the water vapor in the hot gas liquefies into liquid water, it flows down the outer surface of the flow channel into the water inlet tank under the action of gravity. The bottom of the water inlet tank is provided with a liquid water outlet, and the collected liquid water flows out through the liquid water outlet.

[0014] Preferably, a filter is also provided on the connecting pipe between the liquid water outlet of the condenser heat exchanger and the liquid water collector to filter impurities in the liquid water.

[0015] Preferably, a safety valve is provided at the outlet of the hydrogen source.

[0016] Preferably, a drain valve is also provided on the connecting pipe between the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack and the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector for periodically draining excess water from the fuel cell stack.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for operating the above-mentioned air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system, comprising the following steps:

[0018] After the air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system is operating stably, liquid hydrogen supplied by the hydrogen source enters through the liquid hydrogen inlet of the condenser heat exchanger and flows along the internal flow channel of the condenser heat exchanger. In the flow channel, it exchanges heat with the hot gas blown by the fan. After the liquid hydrogen is vaporized into hydrogen gas, it flows out through the hydrogen gas outlet of the condenser heat exchanger and then enters the vortex tube.

[0019] The cold hydrogen flow in the vortex tube exits through the cold end outlet, enters the dehumidifier guide channel of the condenser through the inlet of the fuel cell stack, and then flows along several heat exchange channels before entering the guide channel on the other side and exiting through the dehumidifier outlet. The cold hydrogen flow in the vortex tube exchanges heat with the water vapor at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack in the heat exchange channels. The water vapor in the stack condenses at the anode outlet under the action of low temperature. The temperature of the cold hydrogen flow increases after passing through the dehumidifier.

[0020] The hot hydrogen flow in the vortex tube flows out through the hot end outlet, mixes with the hydrogen flowing out from the outlet of the condenser dehumidifier, and then enters the fuel cell stack through the anode inlet to participate in the reaction.

[0021] The fan continuously blows oxygen to the cathode of the fuel cell stack, and at the same time, the fan blows away the heat inside the stack. The high-heat gas is cooled on the surface of the condenser heat exchanger channel, and the water vapor in it condenses into liquid water on the surface of the channel. Under the action of gravity, the liquid water flows down the outer surface of the channel into the water inlet tank. The collected liquid water flows out through the liquid water outlet, and after being filtered by the filter, it enters the liquid water collector.

[0022] In the liquid water collector, liquid water is pumped through an ultrasonic atomizer in a fan to humidify the cathode gas.

[0023] Preferably, the operating method further includes: periodically opening the drain valve to discharge the condensed liquid water from the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack into a liquid water collector.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] (1) By setting up a condenser heat exchanger, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen tank is introduced into the condenser heat exchanger as a cold source, and the high temperature and high humidity air generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack is used as a heat source to realize the coupling of liquid hydrogen evaporation and fuel cell stack heat dissipation. This technology can not only efficiently recover the heat generated by the fuel cell stack to provide energy for liquid hydrogen evaporation and reduce energy waste, but also reduce the temperature of the high temperature and high humidity air through heat exchange, enhance the heat dissipation effect of the fuel cell stack, and solve the problems of low efficiency and energy waste in traditional thermal management.

[0026] (2) By integrating a condenser dehumidifier into the fuel cell stack, the low-temperature hydrogen gas inside the condenser dehumidifier serves as a cold source, condensing water vapor in the stack into liquid water, which then collects at the anode outlet. By periodically opening the drain valve, the condensed liquid water is discharged from the anode outlet into the liquid collector under the pressure difference between the anode and the external environment. Compared with traditional air-cooled cathode open fuel cells that drain water by purging with hydrogen, this setup significantly reduces hydrogen waste. Because the liquid water collects at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack through the condenser dehumidifier, only a brief opening of the drain valve is needed to quickly discharge the liquid water under the pressure difference, preventing a large amount of hydrogen from being discharged from the fuel cell stack due to drainage.

[0027] (3) By setting up a liquid water collector, liquid water condensed from the high-humidity gas in the condenser heat exchanger is collected on the one hand, and liquid water condensed at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack is collected on the other hand. This liquid water is used as the water source for the ultrasonic atomizer in the fan to humidify the gas entering the cathode, forming a closed-loop system of "condensate recovery - atomization - humidification". This technology can regulate the humidity of the fuel cell stack cathode, replace the traditional complex external humidification device, and improve the humidification efficiency.

[0028] (4) The pressure energy of hydrogen gas after heat exchange in the condenser is recovered by using vortex tubes. At the same time, the cold end outlet of the vortex tube is connected to the condenser dehumidifier to continue to serve as the cold source for the condenser dehumidifier, thus efficiently recovering the pressure energy of the hydrogen gas. In addition, the hydrogen gas at the outlet of the condenser dehumidifier is mixed with the hydrogen gas at the hot end of the vortex tube, and the hydrogen gas is heated to a suitable temperature through an endothermic process before entering the fuel cell stack. This technology avoids the thermal shock caused by the direct entry of supercooled hydrogen gas into the fuel cell stack, ensuring the durability of the fuel cell stack and solving the problem of the fuel cell stack life affected by the unstable temperature of hydrogen gas.

[0029] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description and the drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0032] Figure 2This diagram shows a schematic of the fuel cell stack, fan, and condenser heat exchanger assembled together according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 An exploded view of the fuel cell stack, fan, and condenser heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0034] Figure 4 An exploded view of the fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0035] Figure 5 A structural diagram of a bipolar plate according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0036] Figure 6 The diagram shows the structure of a condenser heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure a is its front view and Figure b is its side view.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Fuel cell stack; 2. Condensing heat exchanger; 3. Safety valve; 4. Hydrogen source; 5. Fan; 6. Vortex tube; 7. Drain valve; 8. Filter; 9. Liquid water collector; 10. Water pump; 11. Wind resistance plate;

[0038] 1-1, End plate; 1-1-1, Anode inlet; 1-1-2, Anode outlet; 1-2, Insulating plate; 1-3, Current collector; 1-4, Bipolar plate; 1-5, Membrane electrode; 1-6, Heat exchange tank; 1-7, Flow guide groove;

[0039] 2-1 Liquid hydrogen inlet; 2-2 Hydrogen outlet; 2-3 Flow channel; 2-4 Water inlet tank. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] This invention proposes an air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1-6 As shown, the device includes a fuel cell stack 1, a hydrogen source 4, a condenser heat exchanger 2, a vortex tube 6, a liquid water collector 9, and a fan 5. The fuel cell stack 1 integrates a condenser dehumidifier, which is used to liquefy the water vapor generated in the reaction in the fuel cell stack. The fan 5 is equipped with an ultrasonic atomizer. The fan 5 is located on one side of the fuel cell stack 1, and the condenser heat exchanger 2 is located on the other side of the fuel cell stack 1. The fan 5 and the condenser heat exchanger 2 are arranged opposite to each other.

[0042] The hydrogen source 4 is connected to the liquid hydrogen inlet 2-1 of the condenser heat exchanger 2, the hydrogen outlet 2-2 of the condenser heat exchanger 2 is connected to the inlet of the vortex tube 6, the cold end outlet of the vortex tube 6 is connected to the condenser dehumidifier inlet of the fuel cell stack 1, and the condenser dehumidifier outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 and the hot end outlet of the vortex tube 6 are first connected together through pipelines and then connected together to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0043] The liquid water outlet of the condenser heat exchanger 2 is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector 9; the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 is also connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector 9; the liquid outlet of the liquid water collector 9 is connected to the ultrasonic atomizer in the fan 5; and a water pump 10 is installed on the connecting pipe between the liquid outlet of the liquid water collector 9 and the fan 5.

[0044] The fan 5 is mounted on the fuel cell stack 1 via a wind resistance plate 11. The wind resistance plate 11 is U-shaped and has holes that are adapted to the shape of the fan to gather the air introduced by the fan 5 and avoid airflow loss caused by air leakage.

[0045] The hydrogen source 4 is a liquid hydrogen cylinder, and a safety valve 3 is provided at the outlet of the hydrogen source 4.

[0046] A drain valve 7 is also provided on the connecting pipe between the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 and the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector 9, which is used to periodically drain excess water from the fuel cell stack to prevent the fuel cell stack from being flooded.

[0047] The fuel cell stack 1 includes an end plate 1-1, an insulating plate 1-2, a current collector 1-3, and a single cell. The fuel cell stack 1 is assembled in the following order: end plate 1-1, insulating plate 1-2, current collector 1-4, several single cells, current collector 1-4, insulating plate 1-2, and end plate 1-1. The single cell is composed of a bipolar plate 1-4 and a membrane electrode 1-5. An anode inlet 1-1-1 and an anode outlet 1-1-2 are provided on one end plate of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0048] The fuel cell stack 1 integrates a condenser dehumidifier, which consists of heat exchange tanks 1-6 and flow guides 1-7. Several heat exchange tanks 1-6 are arranged in an array at the lower part of the bipolar plate 1-4, with the heat exchange tanks 1-6 close to the anode outlet of the bipolar plate 1-4. The flow guides 1-7 are respectively located at the lower parts of the insulating plate 1-2 and the current collector plate 1-3, and all heat exchange tanks 1-6 are connected to the flow guides 1-7. The two end plates 1-1 are respectively provided with a condenser dehumidifier inlet and a condenser dehumidifier outlet, which are respectively connected to the adjacent flow guides 1-7. The above arrangement is used to realize the condenser dehumidification function of the fuel cell stack.

[0049] The condenser heat exchanger 2 has a plate-like structure with multiple independent flow channels 2-3 arranged from top to bottom inside. The flow channels are hollowed out to allow air circulation. A liquid hydrogen inlet 2-1 is provided on the lower side of one side of the condenser heat exchanger 2, and a hydrogen outlet 2-2 is provided on the upper side of the other side of the condenser heat exchanger 2. Liquid hydrogen from the hydrogen source 4 enters through the liquid hydrogen inlet 2-1 and flows along the internal flow channels 2-3 of the condenser heat exchanger 2. It exchanges heat with the external hot air in the flow channels 2-3. After the liquid hydrogen vaporizes into hydrogen gas, it flows out through the hydrogen outlet 2-2.

[0050] The lower part of the condenser heat exchanger 2 is also provided with a water inlet tank 2-4. The hot gas on the outer surface of the flow channel 2-3 of the condenser heat exchanger 2 exchanges heat with the liquid hydrogen inside the flow channel 2-3. After the water vapor in the hot gas liquefies into liquid water, it flows down into the water inlet tank 2-4 along the outer surface of the flow channel 2-3 under the action of gravity. The bottom of the water inlet tank 2-4 is provided with a liquid water outlet, and the collected liquid water flows out through the liquid water outlet.

[0051] A filter 8 is also installed on the connecting pipe between the liquid water outlet of the condenser heat exchanger 2 and the liquid water collector 9 to filter impurities in the liquid water.

[0052] The present invention also proposes a working method for the above-mentioned air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system, comprising the following steps:

[0053] After the air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system is operating stably, the liquid hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source 4 enters through the liquid hydrogen inlet 2-1 of the condenser heat exchanger 2 and flows along the internal flow channel 2-3 of the condenser heat exchanger 2. In the flow channel 2-3, it exchanges heat with the hot gas blown by the fan 5. After the liquid hydrogen is vaporized into hydrogen gas, it flows out through the hydrogen outlet 2-2 of the condenser heat exchanger 2 and then enters the vortex tube 6.

[0054] The cold hydrogen flow in the vortex tube 6 flows out through the cold end outlet, enters the condenser dehumidifier inlet of the fuel cell stack 1 through the condenser dehumidifier guide channel 1-7, then flows along several heat exchange channels 1-6, enters the guide channel 1-7 on the other side, and then flows out through the condenser dehumidifier outlet. The cold hydrogen flow in the vortex tube 6 exchanges heat with the water vapor at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack in the heat exchange channels 1-6. Under the action of low temperature, the water vapor in the stack condenses at the anode outlet. The temperature of the cold hydrogen flow increases after passing through the condenser dehumidifier.

[0055] The hot hydrogen flow in the vortex tube 6 flows out through the hot end outlet, mixes with the hydrogen flowing out from the outlet of the condenser dehumidifier, and then enters the fuel cell 1 through the anode inlet 1-1-1 to participate in the reaction.

[0056] Fan 5 continuously blows air to supply oxygen to the cathode of the fuel cell stack. At the same time, the air blows air to remove heat from the stack. The high-heat gas is cooled on the surface of the flow channel 2-3 of the condenser heat exchanger 2. The water vapor in the gas condenses into liquid water on the surface of the flow channel 2-3. Under the action of gravity, the liquid water flows down the outer surface of the flow channel 2-3 into the water inlet tank 2-4. The collected liquid water flows out through the liquid water outlet and is filtered by the filter 8 before entering the liquid water collector 9.

[0057] The liquid water in the liquid water collector 9 is humidified by the ultrasonic atomizer in the fan 5 under the action of the water pump 10.

[0058] By periodically opening the drain valve 7, a pressure difference exists between the anode of the fuel cell stack and the external environment. Under the action of internal pressure, the condensed liquid water is discharged from the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 and enters the liquid water collector 9 to prevent the fuel cell stack from being flooded. This liquid water can also be used as the water source for the atomizing humidifier inside the cathode fan 1.

[0059] This application introduces liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen tank into the condenser heat exchanger as a cold source, while utilizing the high-temperature and high-humidity air generated during the operation of the fuel cell stack as a heat source. This achieves the coupling of liquid hydrogen evaporation and fuel cell stack heat dissipation. This technology can efficiently recover the heat generated by the fuel cell stack to provide energy for liquid hydrogen evaporation, reducing energy waste, and can also reduce the temperature of the high-temperature and high-humidity air through heat exchange, enhancing the heat dissipation effect of the fuel cell stack and solving the problems of low efficiency and energy waste in traditional thermal management.

[0060] By integrating a condenser-dehumidifier into the fuel cell stack, and using the low-temperature hydrogen gas within the condenser as a cold source, water vapor within the stack is condensed into liquid water and collected at the anode outlet. By periodically opening a drain valve, the condensed liquid water is discharged from the anode outlet into a liquid collector due to the pressure difference between the anode and the external environment. Compared to traditional air-cooled cathode open fuel cells that rely on hydrogen purging for drainage, this design significantly reduces hydrogen waste. Because the condenser-dehumidifier ensures the liquid water collects at the anode outlet, only a brief opening of the drain valve is needed to quickly discharge the liquid water under pressure, preventing large amounts of hydrogen from being released from the stack during drainage.

[0061] By installing a liquid water collector, liquid water condensed from high-humidity gas in the condenser heat exchanger and liquid water condensed at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack are collected on both sides. This liquid water is then used as the water source for the ultrasonic atomizer in the fan to humidify the gas entering the cathode, forming a closed-loop system of "condensate recovery - atomization - humidification". This technology can regulate the humidity of the fuel cell stack cathode, replacing traditional complex external humidification devices and improving humidification efficiency.

[0062] This technology utilizes vortex tubes to recover the pressure energy of hydrogen gas after heat exchange in a condenser heat exchanger. Simultaneously, the cold end outlet of the vortex tube is connected to a condenser dehumidifier, serving as its cold source for efficient hydrogen pressure energy recovery. Furthermore, the hydrogen gas from the condenser dehumidifier outlet is mixed with the hydrogen gas from the hot end of the vortex tube, and heated to a suitable temperature through an endothermic process before entering the fuel cell stack. This technology avoids thermal shock caused by supercooled hydrogen directly entering the fuel cell stack, ensuring stack durability and solving the problem of unstable hydrogen temperature affecting stack lifespan.

[0063] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system, characterized in that, The device includes a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen source, a condenser heat exchanger, a vortex tube, a liquid water collector, and a fan. The fuel cell stack integrates a condenser dehumidifier, which is used to liquefy the water vapor generated in the reaction of the fuel cell stack. The fan is equipped with an ultrasonic atomizer. The fan is located on one side of the fuel cell stack, and the condenser heat exchanger is located on the other side of the fuel cell stack. The fan and the condenser heat exchanger are arranged opposite to each other. The hydrogen source is connected to the liquid hydrogen inlet of the condenser heat exchanger, the hydrogen outlet of the condenser heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the vortex tube, the cold end outlet of the vortex tube is connected to the condenser dehumidifier inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the condenser dehumidifier outlet of the fuel cell stack and the hot end outlet of the vortex tube are first connected together through pipelines and then connected together to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack. The liquid water outlet of the condenser heat exchanger is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector; the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack is also connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector; the liquid outlet of the liquid water collector is connected to the ultrasonic atomizer in the fan; and a water pump is installed on the connecting pipe between the liquid outlet of the liquid water collector and the fan.

2. The air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel cell stack includes an end plate, an insulating plate, a current collector, and a single cell. The fuel cell stack is assembled in the following order: end plate, insulating plate, current collector, several single cells, current collector, insulating plate, and end plate. The single cell consists of a bipolar plate and a membrane electrode. An anode inlet and an anode outlet are provided on one end plate of the fuel cell stack.

3. The air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The fuel cell stack integrates a condenser dehumidifier, which consists of heat exchange tanks and flow guide tanks. Several heat exchange tanks are arranged in an array at the lower part of the bipolar plate, with the heat exchange tanks close to the anode outlet of the bipolar plate. The flow guide tanks are respectively located at the lower part of the insulating plate and the current collector plate, and the heat exchange tanks are all connected to the flow guide tanks. The two end plates are respectively provided with a condenser dehumidifier inlet and a condenser dehumidifier outlet, which are respectively connected to the adjacent flow guide tanks.

4. The air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The condenser heat exchanger has a plate-like structure with multiple independent flow channels arranged from top to bottom inside. The channels are hollowed out to allow for air circulation. A liquid hydrogen inlet is located on the lower side of one side of the condenser heat exchanger, and a hydrogen outlet is located on the upper side of the other side. Liquid hydrogen from the hydrogen source enters through the liquid hydrogen inlet and flows along the internal flow channels of the condenser heat exchanger. It exchanges heat with the hot air outside the flow channels. After the liquid hydrogen vaporizes into hydrogen gas, it flows out through the hydrogen outlet.

5. The air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The lower part of the condenser heat exchanger is also provided with a water inlet tank. The hot gas on the outer surface of the flow channel of the condenser heat exchanger exchanges heat with the liquid hydrogen inside the flow channel. After the water vapor in the hot gas liquefies into liquid water, it flows down the outer surface of the flow channel into the water inlet tank under the action of gravity. The bottom of the water inlet tank is provided with a liquid water outlet, and the collected liquid water flows out through the liquid water outlet.

6. The air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, A filter is also installed on the connecting pipe between the liquid water outlet of the condenser heat exchanger and the liquid water collector to filter impurities in the liquid water.

7. The air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, A safety valve is installed at the outlet of the hydrogen source.

8. The air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, A drain valve is also installed on the connecting pipe between the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack and the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector to periodically drain excess water from the fuel cell stack.

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