A broadband dual circularly polarized antenna element and array thereof

Abstract

The application provides a broadband dual-circularly polarized antenna unit and an array thereof, which adopts a combined structure of a laminated and compressed radiation unit and a hollowed-out parasitic unit, and connects a 3dB coupler in a surface-mounted manner on the other side surface of the radiation unit, so as to improve the working performance of the antenna, and improve the structural integration and assembly convenience of the antenna unit. Specifically, the mature surface-mounted 3dB coupler is adopted to ensure that the antenna unit has dual-circularly polarized performance, and meanwhile, the laminated and compressed structure of the radiation unit and the hollowed-out parasitic unit is adopted to improve the structural integration of the antenna unit, increase the low-frequency resonance point of the antenna unit through the air coupling between the hollowed-out parasitic unit and the radiation unit, expand the working frequency bandwidth of the antenna, improve the isolation between the hollowed-out parasitic unit and the radiation unit, reduce the mutual coupling and signal crosstalk of the units, suppress the electromagnetic signal interference between adjacent antenna units, and improve the overall radiation purity and anti-interference ability of the antenna unit.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electromagnetic radiation, and more particularly to a broadband dual circularly polarized antenna unit and an array thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the satellite communication application scenario of S-band (2-4GHz), the dual-feed excitation technology has become the mainstream technical path for the design of antennas in this frequency band because it can precisely match the core requirements of circular polarization performance, bandwidth adaptability and signal stability. The technical principle is to construct orthogonal components or linear polarization signals with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 90° through a dual-port excitation mechanism, and finally synthesize stable circularly polarized waves to meet the stringent requirements of satellite communication systems for signal transmission quality. At present, the mainstream antenna designs based on the dual-feed excitation technology mainly fall into three categories: dual-feed microstrip electromagnetic dipole antennas, dual-feed slot-coupled microstrip antennas and dual-feed multilayer microstrip antennas. Among them, the dual-feed microstrip electromagnetic dipole antenna, although its structure is relatively simplified and the polarization switching function can be easily realized through a 3dB directional coupler, it is highly sensitive to processing precision, and slight processing deviations may cause the antenna performance to deviate from the design indicators. In addition, the design complexity of its feed network is high, which not only increases the difficulty of circuit layout, but also easily introduces additional signal loss, affecting the quality of the communication link. At the same time, the dual-feed slot-coupled microstrip antenna generates orthogonal components through the excitation of slot coupling effects, and its structure is regular, but it has obvious limitations in size miniaturization design, making it difficult to meet the development trend of small size and light weight for satellite communication equipment. Moreover, its radiation backlobe suppression effect is poor, and part of the signal energy is radiated in non-target directions, which not only reduces the effective utilization rate of signal energy, but also may cause electromagnetic interference to surrounding equipment, affecting the stability of the overall communication system.

[0003] The dual-feed multilayer microstrip antenna adopts a multilayer PCB structure design, thus showing significant advantages in bandwidth characteristics, polarization purity and structural compactness, and better meeting the core application requirements of satellite communication, with more outstanding comprehensive performance. However, in the production and assembly process of this type of dual-feed multilayer microstrip antenna, multiple sets of PCB materials are often used and fixed by screws and other means to complete the assembly. In order to achieve high integration of multiple functions while ensuring that the components do not interfere with each other, a metal isolation chamber is also needed, which not only increases the complexity of material management and the difficulty of assembly process, but also puts higher requirements on assembly precision. Meanwhile, the multi-component assembly structure may affect the stability of the overall structure, thus restricting the large-scale production and application promotion of the dual-feed multilayer microstrip antenna. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an antenna product that can fully utilize the advantages of dual-feed multilayer microstrip antennas in bandwidth, polarization purity and compactness, and improve the effective integration of the structure, reduce material accumulation and simplify the assembly process. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to overcome at least one of the above prior art deficiencies, and provide a wideband dual circularly polarized antenna unit and an array thereof.

[0005] One object of the present application is to provide a wideband dual circularly polarized antenna unit, comprising a transceiving unit, a 3dB coupler, and a radiation unit and a hollowed-out parasitic unit laminated and laminated; the hollowed-out parasitic unit is connected on one side of the radiation unit through air coupling, and the transceiving unit and the 3dB coupler are connected on the other side surface of the radiation unit by surface mounting, and the output end of the 3dB coupler is connected with the radiation unit, for providing dual-feed excitation signals to the radiation unit; the dual-feed excitation signals are two signals with equal amplitude and phase difference of 90°; by changing the phase of the two input ports of the 3dB coupler, the radiation mode of the wideband dual circularly polarized antenna unit can be switched, and the radiation mode includes left-handed circularly polarized radiation and right-handed circularly polarized radiation.

[0006] In the technical solution, by adopting the combined structure of the laminated and laminated radiation unit and the hollowed-out parasitic unit, and connecting the transceiving unit and the 3dB coupler on the other side surface of the radiation unit by surface mounting, the structure integration and assembly convenience of the antenna unit are improved, the complex assembly problems caused by the use of multiple PCB materials, the dependence on metal isolation chambers, and the use of screws in the dual-feed multilayer microstrip antenna are improved, the material types and tedious operations in the assembly process are reduced, and the convenience and structure integration of the antenna unit assembly are improved. Specifically, by using the 3dB coupler to provide dual-feed excitation signals with equal amplitude and phase difference of 90° to the radiation unit, the radiation direction of the wideband dual circularly polarized antenna unit can be switched between left-handed and right-handed by changing the phase of the two input ports of the 3dB coupler, ensuring that the antenna unit has wideband dual circularly polarized performance to meet the core requirements of satellite communication; at the same time, the existing surface-mounted 3dB coupler with mature manufacturing process is effectively utilized, the overall structure of the antenna unit is simplified, and the assembly convenience and performance stability of the antenna unit are improved. Secondly, the laminated and laminated structure of the radiation unit and the hollowed-out parasitic unit replaces the multiple functional structures required by the traditional dual-feed multilayer microstrip antenna, improves the structure integration and saves the structure size of the antenna unit, increases the low-frequency resonance point of the antenna unit through the electromagnetic coupling effect of air coupling between the hollowed-out parasitic unit and the radiation unit, expands the working frequency bandwidth of the antenna, reduces the direct transmission of electromagnetic energy between the hollowed-out parasitic unit and the radiation unit through the natural isolation effect of air gap, reduces the mutual coupling and signal crosstalk between units, suppresses the electromagnetic signal interference between adjacent antenna units, and improves the overall radiation purity and anti-interference ability of the antenna unit.

[0007] Further, the radiation unit is a rectangular double-sided PCB board, including a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer and a metal ground plate, the first metal layer includes a radiation microstrip patch located at the center of the surface of the rectangular double-sided PCB board and a metal edge surrounding the radiation microstrip patch and connected to the edge of the surface of the rectangular double-sided PCB board, and there is a certain gap between the radiation microstrip patch and the metal edge;

[0008] The metal edge is connected to the metal ground plate through a plurality of first metallized vias, and the first metallized vias are uniformly arranged along the edge of the rectangular double-sided PCB board;

[0009] The central part of the radiation microstrip patch is etched with a branch-loaded ring-shaped slot, and the radiation microstrip patch is connected to the metal ground plate through a plurality of second metallized vias; two coaxial feed vias are also provided between the radiation microstrip patch and the metal ground plate.

[0010] In the technical solution, the branch-loaded ring-shaped slot and the radiation microstrip patch with the first metallized via are excited by connecting the output end of the 3dB coupler to the radiation unit through the feed via, and the signal transmission characteristics are adjusted by the branch-loaded ring-shaped slot and the first and second metallized vias, thereby effectively tuning the impedance matching performance of the wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna unit, improving the impedance matching performance in the signal transmission process of the antenna unit, and improving the signal transmission efficiency and stability.

[0011] Preferably, the surface pattern of the rectangular double-sided PCB board is a square, the radiation microstrip patch is a circular patch, the inner side edge of the metal edge adjacent to the radiation microstrip patch is a square pattern with the same circular arc corner cut at four corners, and the straight side of the square pattern is parallel to the straight side of the square.

[0012] The second metallized via is arranged in the inner circle of the branch-loaded ring-shaped slot, and the second metallized vias are arranged in a circular ring concentric with the branch-loaded ring-shaped slot.

[0013] The branch-loaded ring-shaped slot has four linear branches, and the linear branches are respectively perpendicular to the straight sides of the square.

[0014] The feed via is arranged outside the branch-loaded ring-shaped slot and is arranged on both sides of one of the linear branches, and the connecting line of the feed via is parallel to one side of the square.

[0015] In the technical solution, the geometric shapes of the structures, such as the circular radiating microstrip patch, the metal edge with a circular arc cut corner, the directional linear branch, the through hole arranged in concentric circles and the position arrangement, guide and constrain the electromagnetic signal distribution and transmission path, and the symmetrical layout of the feed-through holes on both sides of the linear branch ensures the balanced input of the 3dB coupler double-feed excitation signal, optimizes the current distribution and electromagnetic coupling characteristics inside the antenna unit, further improves the polarization purity of the wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna unit and the symmetry of signal transmission, improves the stability of the antenna unit radiation performance, and also provides a more optimal structure basis for precise tuning of the impedance matching performance.

[0016] Further, the hollow parasitic unit is coaxially arranged with the radiation unit.

[0017] The hollow parasitic unit is a square circular PCB board, the straight edges of the square circular PCB board are parallel to the straight edges of the rectangular double-sided PCB board, and the straight edges of the square circular PCB board are connected by circular arc corners; the planar size of the square circular PCB board is smaller than that of the rectangular double-sided PCB board, and the edge of the square circular PCB board completely covers the inner edge adjacent to the metal edge and the radiation microstrip patch.

[0018] The hollow parasitic unit includes a PCB isolation cavity and a microstrip parasitic patch, the microstrip parasitic patch is arranged on the top surface of the square circular PCB board, the PCB isolation cavity is arranged inside the square circular PCB board and has an opening on the bottom surface of the square circular PCB board, and a gap is maintained between the PCB isolation cavity and the microstrip parasitic patch, so that the overall structure of the hollow parasitic unit is in the shape of an inverted U with a hollow in the middle.

[0019] The microstrip parasitic patch is arranged on the corresponding site of the radiation microstrip patch, and the size of the microstrip parasitic patch completely covers the radiation microstrip patch.

[0020] The top surface of the square circular PCB board is in communication with the bottom surface of the square circular PCB board through a plurality of third metallized through holes.

[0021] A plurality of air holes are formed in the microstrip parasitic patch and are in communication with the PCB isolation cavity.

[0022] In the technical solution, the PCB isolation cavity, the microstrip parasitic patch and the third metallized via are integrated in the hollow parasitic unit by means of the inverted U-shaped integrated PCB structure, so that the overall material types of the antenna unit are reduced while the radiation unit with the PCB structure is assembled, and the assembly difficulty and labor input are reduced. Meanwhile, the air coupling between the microstrip parasitic patch and the radiation unit is used to realize the frequency band expansion by increasing the low-frequency resonance point. Meanwhile, the PCB isolation cavity with the third metallized via simulates the electromagnetic shielding effect of the metal isolation cavity to realize the coupling suppression principle between the antenna units, reduce the coupling between the antennas, and comprehensively improve the assembly convenience, bandwidth performance and anti-interference ability of the antenna.

[0023] Preferably, the third metallized via is arranged around the PCB isolation cavity and uniformly arranged along the edge of the square-round PCB plate.

[0024] The microstrip parasitic patch is a rectangular pattern with straight-line cut corners, and the straight edge of the microstrip parasitic patch is parallel to the straight edge of the square-round PCB plate.

[0025] The air hole is arranged at least four, each air hole is located outside the center of the straight edge of the microstrip parasitic patch, and the setting position of the air hole avoids the setting position of the metal edge.

[0026] In the technical solution, the third metallized via is uniformly arranged around, the current conduction path and the electromagnetic distribution uniformity of the top and bottom of the square-round PCB plate are optimized, the stability of the PCB isolation cavity simulating the metal isolation cavity to realize electromagnetic shielding is enhanced, and the suppression effect on the coupling between the antennas is further improved. On the other hand, by means of the rectangular microstrip parasitic patch with straight-line cut corners, the electromagnetic coupling demand of the square-round PCB plate structure and the radiation unit is adapted, unnecessary electromagnetic reflection is reduced, the regulation and control effect on the low-frequency resonance point is ensured, and the stability of the frequency band expansion is assisted. At the same time, by means of the setting of the air hole at a specific position, the air pressure balance inside and outside the PCB isolation cavity is realized to maintain the structural stability, and the metal edge is avoided to interfere with signal transmission, and the electromagnetic performance stability and structural reliability of the wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna unit are comprehensively improved.

[0027] Preferably, in the horizontal direction, the PCB isolation cavity and the square-round PCB plate have consistent planar patterns, and the planar size of the PCB isolation cavity is 80%-95% of the planar size of the square-round PCB plate.

[0028] In the vertical direction, the vertical height of the PCB isolation cavity is 50%-80% of the thickness of the square-round PCB plate.

[0029] In the technical solution, by optimizing the specific structural size of the PCB isolation cavity, on the one hand, the consistency of the PCB isolation cavity in the horizontal direction with the planar pattern of the square-round PCB and the reasonable size ratio are utilized to ensure the uniform distribution of the PCB isolation cavity in the square-round PCB and fully play the electromagnetic isolation effect of the simulated metal isolation cavity, and more stably reduce the coupling between antennas; on the other hand, by means of the adaptive ratio of the vertical height of the PCB isolation cavity in the vertical direction to the thickness of the square-round PCB, the structural strength and isolation effect of the PCB isolation cavity are ensured while avoiding excessive space occupation, and the overall structural compactness and lightweight demand of the hollow parasitic element are considered, and suitable space is reserved for air coupling of the microstrip parasitic patch and the radiation element, the regulation effect of the microstrip parasitic patch on the low-frequency resonance point is ensured, and finally the stability of the electromagnetic isolation performance of the wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna unit and the rationality of the structural design are comprehensively improved.

[0030] Another purpose of the present application is to provide a wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna array, which comprises a plurality of wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna units provided in the technical solution and arranged in an array. Specifically, by utilizing the wideband performance, dual-circularly polarized characteristics and simplified assembly structure of a single wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna unit, and combining the coherent superposition principle of electromagnetic radiation of each unit under array layout, the gain and radiation directivity of the whole antenna are further improved to meet the demand of satellite communication for signal coverage range and transmission strength of the antenna; on the other hand, relying on the advantages of single antenna unit in material reduction and assembly simplification, the consistency and reusability of each unit structure in the array are utilized to realize large-scale integration, improve the production and assembly efficiency of the wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna array, and at the same time guarantee the consistency of the performance of each unit in the working process, improve the stability and reliability of the electromagnetic performance of the whole antenna array, and better adapt to the demand of satellite communication for large-scale antenna application.

[0031] In one of the embodiments of the present application, four wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna units are included, and the wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna units are arranged in a counterclockwise rotation to form a 2x2 wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna array. Specifically, by using four wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna units and arranging them in a counterclockwise rotation to form a 2x2 wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna array, the rotation distribution of each antenna unit is used to regulate the superposition state of the spatial electromagnetic signal, based on the coherent superposition principle of electromagnetic radiation, the axial ratio is optimized in a wide angle and a wide frequency band, and the electromagnetic coupling path between the units is changed by the rotation layout to suppress the mutual coupling between the units. Secondly, with the help of the differential distribution of the polarization characteristics brought by the rotation, based on the polarization isolation principle, the polarization anti-interference ability of the antenna array is enhanced, and the layout of units with different rotation angles provides more structure parameters for the adjustment of the radiation pattern, based on the controllability principle of pattern synthesis, the flexibility of pattern design is improved, and the electromagnetic performance and design adaptability of the antenna array are comprehensively improved.

[0032] Further, in the 2x2 wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna array, each wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna unit is arranged in a counterclockwise rotation in the order of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. Specifically, by using regular angle rotation to make the electromagnetic radiation characteristics of each unit complementary and collaborative, based on the spatial distribution law of electromagnetic polarization, the stability of the axial ratio in a wide angle and a wide frequency band is further optimized; at the same time, by changing the electromagnetic coupling path and strength between the units through different angle rotations, based on the directionality of electromagnetic mutual coupling, the suppression effect on mutual coupling between units is enhanced; with the ordered difference of the polarization direction of each unit, the polarization anti-interference ability of the array is also improved, and such regular rotation layout provides more accurate structure parameters for the adjustment of the radiation pattern, based on the controllability of pattern synthesis, further enhances the flexibility of pattern design, and comprehensively improves the overall electromagnetic performance of the antenna array.

[0033] In one of the embodiments of the present application, the 2x2 wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna array is formed into an array unit, and four array units are arranged in a counterclockwise rotation to form a 4x4 wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna array.

[0034] Specifically, the 4x4 array is formed by modular assembly based on 2x2 array units, which ensures that the antenna array contains a sufficient number of broadband dual circularly polarized antenna units, so as to accurately reflect the core electromagnetic characteristics of the large antenna array, including inter-element mutual coupling characteristics, radiation pattern regularity characteristics, and feed network influence characteristics. Meanwhile, the modular assembly of the antenna array realizes further simplification of the antenna array structure, reduces the complexity of directly designing a large antenna array, and based on the technical principle of small unit iterative optimization, reduces the calculation amount and test cost in the design process of the 4x4 array, realizes the rapid iteration of the design scheme of the large antenna array, provides reliable early performance verification for the development of larger antenna arrays, and finally guarantees the accuracy of the array design while improving the design efficiency, realizes the balance between efficiency and accuracy in the design of medium and large satellite antennas.

[0035] Preferably, in the 4x4 broadband dual circularly polarized antenna array, each array unit is sequentially rotated by 0°, 90°, 180° and 270° in the order of counterclockwise rotation assembly. Specifically, the regular angle rotation makes the electromagnetic radiation characteristics of each array unit form spatial complementarity and synergy, further optimizing the stability of the antenna array axial ratio in a wide angle and wide frequency range. Meanwhile, by changing the electromagnetic coupling path and strength between array units through different angle rotations, the suppression effect of inter-element mutual coupling is enhanced. Further, by means of the ordered difference of the polarization direction of each array unit, the polarization anti-interference ability of the 4x4 array is improved, and such regular rotation layout provides more accurate structure parameters for the adjustment of the radiation pattern. Based on the controllability principle of pattern synthesis, the flexibility of pattern design is further enhanced, and the overall electromagnetic performance and application adaptability of the 4x4 broadband dual circularly polarized antenna array are comprehensively improved.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0037] 1. A broadband dual circularly polarized antenna unit is provided, which adopts a combination structure of laminated and pressed radiation units and hollowed-out parasitic units, and connects the transceiving unit and 3dB coupler on the other side surface of the radiation unit in a surface mount manner, thereby improving the structural integration and assembly convenience of the antenna unit, improving the antenna performance, and solving the complex assembly problems caused by the use of multiple PCB materials, dependence on metal isolation chambers, and screw fixation in the dual-fed multilayer microstrip antenna, reducing the material types and cumbersome operations in the assembly process, and improving the assembly convenience and structural integration of the antenna unit. Specifically, by adopting the 3dB coupler to provide dual-fed excitation signals with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 90° to the radiation unit, the radiation direction of the broadband dual circularly polarized antenna unit can be switched between left-handed and right-handed by changing the phases of the two input ports of the 3dB coupler, ensuring that the antenna unit has broadband dual circular polarization performance to meet the core requirements of satellite communication; at the same time, the existing surface-mounted 3dB coupler with mature manufacturing process is effectively utilized, and the overall structure of the antenna unit is simplified, improving the assembly convenience and performance stability of the antenna unit. Secondly, the laminated and pressed structure of the radiation unit and the hollowed-out parasitic unit replaces the multiple functional structures required by the traditional dual-fed multilayer microstrip antenna, improves the structural integration and saves the structure size of the antenna unit, increases the low-frequency resonance point of the antenna unit through the electromagnetic coupling effect of the air coupling between the hollowed-out parasitic unit and the radiation unit, expands the working frequency bandwidth of the antenna, reduces the direct transmission of electromagnetic energy between the hollowed-out parasitic unit and the radiation unit through the natural isolation effect of the air gap, reduces the unit mutual coupling and signal crosstalk, suppresses the electromagnetic signal interference between adjacent antenna units, and improves the overall radiation purity and anti-interference ability of the antenna unit.

[0038] 2. A broadband dual circularly polarized antenna array is provided, which adopts four broadband dual circularly polarized antenna units and forms a 2x2 broadband dual circularly polarized antenna array by counterclockwise rotation, and makes each unit rotate by 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° in sequence according to the assembly order. By arranging the antenna units at different angles, the superposition and cancellation relationship of electromagnetic signals in the antenna array is optimized, the wide-angle and wide-band optimization of the axial ratio is realized based on the coherence principle of electromagnetic radiation, the electromagnetic mutual coupling between units is suppressed, and the signal interference between adjacent units is reduced; at the same time, the polarization characteristic complementation brought by the unit rotation enhances the polarization direction control ability of the antenna array and improves the polarization anti-interference ability of the antenna array; in addition, the unit layout with different rotation angles also provides more structural dimensions for adjusting the antenna radiation pattern, enhances the flexibility of the pattern design, and further improves the electromagnetic performance stability and application adaptability of the 2x2 broadband dual circularly polarized antenna array.

[0039] 3、Provided is a broadband dual-circularly polarized antenna array, by taking a 2x2 broadband dual-circularly polarized antenna array as an array unit, using four of the array units to form a 4x4 broadband dual-circularly polarized antenna array by counterclockwise rotation; specifically, a 4x4 array is formed by modular assembly based on a 2x2 array unit, which not only ensures that a sufficient number of broadband dual-circularly polarized antenna units are contained in the antenna array, so that the core electromagnetic characteristics of a large antenna array, including inter-element mutual coupling characteristics, radiation pattern regularity characteristics, and feed network influence characteristics, can be accurately reflected, but also realizes further simplification of the antenna array structure through modular assembly of the antenna array, reduces the complexity of directly designing a large antenna array, and at the same time, based on the technical principle of iterative optimization of small units, reduces the calculation amount and test cost in the design process of the 4x4 array, realizes rapid iteration of the design scheme of a large antenna array, provides reliable early-stage performance verification for development of a larger-scale antenna array, and ultimately improves the design efficiency while ensuring the accuracy of the array design, realizing a balance between efficiency and accuracy in the design of a medium / large satellite antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a broadband dual-circularly polarized antenna unit according to the present application.

[0041] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a radiation unit in a broadband dual-circularly polarized antenna unit according to the present application.

[0042] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a hollowed-out parasitic unit in a broadband dual-circularly polarized antenna unit according to the present application.

[0043] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a side view of a hollowed-out parasitic unit in a broadband dual-circularly polarized antenna unit according to the present application.

[0044] Figure 5 FIG. 5 is a connection schematic diagram of various structures in a broadband dual-circularly polarized antenna unit according to the present application.

[0045] Figure 6 FIG. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a 2x2 broadband dual-circularly polarized antenna array according to the present application.

[0046] Figure 7 FIG. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a 4x4 broadband dual-circularly polarized antenna array according to the present application.

[0047] Figure 8 FIG. 8 is a distribution schematic diagram of double-feed excitation ports of a 4x4 broadband dual-circularly polarized antenna array according to the present application.

[0048] Figure 9 FIG. 9 is the VSWR of a 4x4 broadband dual-circularly polarized antenna array provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application.

[0049] Figure 10 Active S parameter of the 4x4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application.

[0050] Figure 11 Isolation of the 4x4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application within 1.89GHz~2.22GHz.

[0051] Figure 12 Normal gain of the 4x4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application at 1.93GHz, 2.02GHz, 2.12GHz, 2.19GHz.

[0052] Figure 13 Gain roll-off diagram of the 4x4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application when scanned to 51°.

[0053] Figure 14 Axial ratio of the 4x4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application when beam pointing at phi=0°, theta=51°.

[0054] Figure 15 Axial ratio of the 4x4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application when beam pointing at phi=90°, theta=51°.

[0055] Figure 16 Axial ratio of the 4x4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application when beam pointing at phi=110°, theta=51°.

[0056] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS: antenna unit 1, radiation unit 100, radiation microstrip patch 101, metal edge 102, first metalized via 103, metal ground plate 104, ring-shaped slot 105, second metalized via 106, feed via 107, hollow parasitic unit 200, PCB isolation cavity 201, microstrip parasitic patch 202, third metalized via 203, air hole 204. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The drawings of the present application are only used for illustrative explanation, and cannot be understood as limitation to the present application. In order to better illustrate the following embodiments, some components in the drawings will be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the actual product size; it is understandable for those skilled in the art that some well-known structures in the drawings and their descriptions can be omitted.

[0058] Embodiment 1

[0059] As Figures 1-5As shown, the embodiment provides a wideband dual circularly polarized antenna unit 1, which comprises a transceiver unit, a 3dB coupler, and a radiation unit 100 and a hollow parasitic unit 200 which are laminated and compressed; the hollow parasitic unit 200 is connected on one side of the radiation unit 100 through air coupling, and the 3dB coupler is connected on the other side surface of the radiation unit 100 through surface mounting; the output ends of the transceiver unit and the 3dB coupler are connected with the radiation unit 100, for providing a dual-feed excitation signal to the radiation unit 100; the dual-feed excitation signal is two signals with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 90°; by changing the phases of the two input ports of the 3dB coupler, the radiation mode of the wideband dual circularly polarized antenna unit 1 can be switched, and the radiation mode includes left-handed circularly polarized radiation and right-handed circularly polarized radiation.

[0060] Specifically, by adopting the combined structure of the laminated and compressed radiation unit 100 and the hollow parasitic unit 200, and connecting the transceiver unit and the 3dB coupler on the other side surface of the radiation unit 100 through surface mounting, the structural integration and assembly convenience of the antenna unit 1 are improved. First, by inputting the dual-feed excitation signal with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 90° from the transceiver unit to the 3dB coupler and providing it to the radiation unit 100 through the feed-through hole 107, the radiation direction of the wideband dual circularly polarized antenna unit 1 can be conveniently switched between left-handed and right-handed by changing the phases of the two input ports of the 3dB coupler, ensuring that the antenna unit 1 has wideband dual circularly polarized performance to meet the core requirements of satellite communication; at the same time, the existing surface-mounted 3dB coupler with mature manufacturing process is effectively utilized, and the overall structure of the antenna unit 1 is simplified, improving the assembly convenience and performance stability of the antenna unit 1. Secondly, the laminated and compressed structure of the radiation unit 100 and the hollow parasitic unit 200 replaces the multiple functional structures required by the traditional dual-feed multilayer microstrip antenna, improving the structural integration and saving the structure size of the antenna unit 1, and increasing the low-frequency resonance point of the antenna unit 1 through the electromagnetic coupling effect of air coupling between the hollow parasitic unit 200 and the radiation unit 100, expanding the working frequency bandwidth of the antenna, and reducing the direct transmission of electromagnetic energy between the hollow parasitic unit 200 and the radiation unit 100 through the natural isolation effect of air gap, reducing the unit mutual coupling and signal crosstalk, suppressing the electromagnetic signal interference between adjacent antenna units 1, and improving the overall radiation purity and anti-interference ability of the antenna unit 1.

[0061] Further, the radiation unit 100 is a rectangular double-sided PCB board, which comprises a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, and a metal ground plate 104; the first metal layer comprises a radiation microstrip patch 101 located at the center of the surface of the rectangular double-sided PCB board and a metal edge 102 surrounding the radiation microstrip patch 101 and connected to the edge of the surface of the rectangular double-sided PCB board; there is a certain gap between the radiation microstrip patch 101 and the metal edge 102.

[0062] The metal edge 102 is connected to the metal floor 104 through a plurality of first metallized vias 103, which are evenly arranged along the edge of the rectangular double-sided PCB board;

[0063] The central part of the radiating microstrip patch 101 is etched with a branch-loaded loop slot 105, and the radiating microstrip patch 101 is connected to the metal floor 104 through a plurality of second metallized vias 106; two coaxial feed vias 107 are also provided between the radiating microstrip patch 101 and the metal floor 104.

[0064] Specifically, by connecting the output end of the 3dB coupler to the radiating unit 100 through the feed via 107, the branch-loaded loop slot 105 and the radiating microstrip patch 101 with the first metallized via 103 are excited, and by means of the adjustment of the signal transmission characteristics by the branch-loaded loop slot 105 and the first and second metallized vias 103 and 106, the impedance matching performance of the wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna unit 1 is effectively tuned, the impedance matching performance in the signal transmission process of the antenna unit 1 is improved, and the signal transmission efficiency and stability are improved.

[0065] Preferably, the surface pattern of the rectangular double-sided PCB board is a square, the radiating microstrip patch 101 is a circular patch, the planar pattern of the inner side edge adjacent to the radiating microstrip patch 101 of the metal edge 102 adopts a square pattern with the same circular arc corner cut at four corners, and the straight side of the square pattern is parallel to the straight side of the square;

[0066] The second metallized via 106 is arranged in the inner circle of the branch-loaded loop slot 105, and the second metallized via 106 is arranged in a circular ring concentric with the branch-loaded loop slot 105;

[0067] The branch-loaded loop slot 105 has four linear branches, and the linear branches are respectively perpendicular to the straight sides of the square;

[0068] The feed via 107 is arranged outside the branch-loaded loop slot 105 and is arranged on both sides of a linear branch, and the connecting line of the feed via 107 is parallel to one side of the square.

[0069] Specifically, by utilizing the geometric shapes of each structure, such as the circular radiating microstrip patch, the metal edge 102 with a circular arc cut corner, the directional straight branch, the through-hole arranged in concentric circles, and the position arrangement, the distribution and transmission path of electromagnetic signals are guided and constrained, and at the same time, the symmetrical layout of the feeding through-hole 107 on both sides of the straight branch ensures the balanced input of the 3dB coupler double-feeding excitation signal, optimizes the current distribution and electromagnetic coupling characteristics inside the antenna unit 1, further improves the polarization purity and symmetry of signal transmission of the wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna unit 1, improves the stability of the radiation performance of the antenna unit 1, and also provides a more optimal structural basis for precise tuning of the impedance matching performance.

[0070] Further, the hollow parasitic unit 200 is coaxially arranged with the radiation unit 100.

[0071] The hollow parasitic unit 200 is a square-round PCB board, the straight edges of the square-round PCB board are parallel to the straight edges of the rectangular double-sided PCB board, and the straight edges of the square-round PCB board are connected by circular arc corners; the planar size of the square-round PCB board is smaller than that of the rectangular double-sided PCB board, and the edge of the square-round PCB board completely covers the inner edge adjacent to the metal edge 102 and the radiation microstrip patch 101.

[0072] The hollow parasitic unit 200 includes a PCB isolation cavity 201 and a microstrip parasitic patch 202, and the microstrip parasitic patch 202 is arranged on the top surface of the square-round PCB board; the PCB isolation cavity 201 is arranged inside the square-round PCB board and has an opening on the bottom surface of the square-round PCB board; the PCB isolation cavity 201 and the microstrip parasitic patch 202 are kept apart by a certain gap, so that the overall structure of the hollow parasitic unit 200 is in the shape of an inverted U with a hollow in the middle.

[0073] The microstrip parasitic patch 202 is arranged on the corresponding site of the radiation microstrip patch 101, and the size of the microstrip parasitic patch 202 completely covers the radiation microstrip patch 101.

[0074] The top surface of the square-round PCB board is in communication with the bottom surface of the square-round PCB board through a plurality of third metallized through-holes 203.

[0075] A plurality of gas holes 204 are formed in the microstrip parasitic patch 202 and are in communication with the PCB isolation cavity 201.

[0076] Specifically, by utilizing the inverted U-shaped integrated PCB structure, the PCB isolation cavity 201, the microstrip parasitic patch 202 and the third metallized via 203 are ingeniously integrated in the hollow parasitic unit 200, so as to reduce the material types of the whole antenna unit 1, reduce the assembly difficulty and labor input while being suitable for compression assembly with the radiation unit 100 adopting the PCB structure; at the same time, by means of air coupling between the microstrip parasitic patch 202 and the radiation unit 100, the frequency band of the antenna unit 1 is widened by increasing the low-frequency resonance point; at the same time, the PCB isolation cavity 201 with the third metallized via 203 simulates the electromagnetic shielding effect of the metal isolation cavity, realizes the coupling suppression principle between the antenna units 1, reduces the coupling between the antennas, and comprehensively improves the assembly convenience, bandwidth performance and anti-interference ability of the antenna.

[0077] Preferably, the third metallized via 203 is arranged around the PCB isolation cavity 201 and uniformly arranged along the edge of the square-round PCB board;

[0078] The microstrip parasitic patch 202 is a rectangular pattern with straight-line cut corners, and the straight edge of the microstrip parasitic patch 202 is parallel to the straight edge of the square-round PCB board;

[0079] The air hole 204 is arranged at least four, each air hole 204 is located outside the center of the straight edge of the microstrip parasitic patch 202, and the setting position of the air hole 204 avoids the setting position of the metal edge 102.

[0080] Specifically, by utilizing the uniform arrangement of the third metallized via 203, the current conduction path and the electromagnetic distribution uniformity of the top and bottom of the square-round PCB board are optimized, the stability of the PCB isolation cavity 201 simulating the metal isolation cavity to realize electromagnetic shielding is enhanced, and the suppression effect on the coupling between the antennas is further improved; on the other hand, by means of the rectangular microstrip parasitic patch 202 with straight-line cut corners, the electromagnetic coupling requirements of the square-round PCB board structure and the radiation unit 100 are adapted, unnecessary electromagnetic reflection is reduced, the regulation effect on the low-frequency resonance point is ensured, and the stability of the frequency band widening is assisted; at the same time, by means of the setting of the air hole 204 at a specific position, the air pressure balance inside and outside the PCB isolation cavity 201 is realized to maintain the structural stability, and the metal edge 102 is avoided to interfere with signal transmission, and the electromagnetic performance stability and structural reliability of the wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna unit 1 are comprehensively improved.

[0081] Preferably, in the horizontal direction, the PCB isolation cavity 201 and the square-round PCB board have consistent planar patterns, and the planar size of the PCB isolation cavity 201 is 80%-95% of the planar size of the square-round PCB board;

[0082] In the vertical direction, the vertical height of the PCB isolation cavity 201 is 50%-80% of the thickness of the square-round PCB board.

[0083] Specifically, by optimizing the specific structural size of the PCB isolation cavity, on the one hand, the consistency and reasonable size ratio of the PCB isolation cavity 201 and the square-round PCB board planar pattern in the horizontal direction are utilized to ensure the uniform distribution of the PCB isolation cavity 201 in the square-round PCB board and fully play the electromagnetic isolation effect of the simulation metal isolation cavity, and more stably reduce the coupling between antennas; on the other hand, by means of the adaptive ratio of the vertical height of the PCB isolation cavity 201 in the vertical direction and the thickness of the square-round PCB board, the structural strength and isolation effect of the PCB isolation cavity 201 are ensured while avoiding excessive space occupation, taking into account the compactness and lightweightness of the whole hollow parasitic element 200, and reserving suitable space for the air coupling of the microstrip parasitic patch 202 and the radiation element 100, and guaranteeing the regulation effect of the microstrip parasitic patch 202 on the low-frequency resonance point, finally comprehensively improving the stability of the electromagnetic isolation performance and the rationality of the structural design of the wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna element 1.

[0084] Embodiment 2

[0085] The embodiment provides a wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna array, which comprises a plurality of wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna elements 1 provided in an array, as provided in embodiment 1. Specifically, by utilizing the wideband performance, dual-circularly polarized characteristics and simplified assembly structure of a single wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna element 1, and combining the coherent superposition principle of electromagnetic radiation of each element in the array layout, the gain and radiation directivity of the whole antenna are further improved, meeting the demand of satellite communication for signal coverage range and transmission strength of the antenna; on the other hand, relying on the advantages of the single antenna element 1 in material reduction and assembly simplification, the consistency and reusability of the structure of each element in the array are utilized to realize large-scale integration, improve the production and assembly efficiency of the wideband dual-circularly polarized antenna array, guarantee the consistency of the performance of each element in the array during work, and improve the stability and reliability of the electromagnetic performance of the whole antenna array, better adapting to the demand of satellite communication for large-scale antenna application.

[0086] Embodiment 3

[0087] As Figure 6As shown, this embodiment also provides a broadband dual-circular polarization antenna array, which includes four broadband dual-circular polarization antenna elements 1 as provided in Embodiment 1, and the broadband dual-circular polarization antenna elements 1 are arranged counterclockwise to form a 2×2 broadband dual-circular polarization antenna array. Specifically, by adopting four broadband dual-circular polarization antenna elements 1 and arranging them counterclockwise to form a 2×2 broadband dual-circular polarization antenna array, the rotational distribution of each antenna element 1 is used to regulate the superposition state of spatial electromagnetic signals. Based on the coherent superposition principle of electromagnetic radiation, the axial ratio is optimized in a wide angle and wide bandwidth range. At the same time, the electromagnetic coupling path between elements is changed by rotating the layout, suppressing mutual coupling between elements. Secondly, by taking advantage of the differential distribution of polarization characteristics brought about by rotation, the polarization anti-interference capability of the antenna array is enhanced based on the polarization isolation principle. Moreover, the element layout with different rotation angles provides more structural parameters for adjusting the radiation pattern. Based on the controllability principle of pattern synthesis, the flexibility of pattern design is improved, and the electromagnetic performance and design adaptability of the antenna array are comprehensively improved.

[0088] Furthermore, in the 2×2 broadband dual-circular polarization antenna array, each broadband dual-circular polarization antenna element 1 is rotated sequentially by 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° in a counter-clockwise rotation arrangement. Specifically, by utilizing regular angular rotation, the electromagnetic radiation characteristics of each element are made complementary and synergistic. Based on the spatial distribution law of electromagnetic polarization, the stability of the axial ratio over a wide angle and wide frequency range is further optimized. At the same time, by changing the electromagnetic coupling path and strength between elements through different angular rotations, the suppression effect on element mutual coupling is enhanced based on the directivity of electromagnetic mutual coupling. By leveraging the ordered differences in the polarization directions of each element, the polarization anti-interference capability of the array is also improved. In addition, this regular rotation layout provides more precise structural parameters for adjusting the radiation pattern. Based on the controllability of pattern synthesis, the flexibility of pattern design is further enhanced, and the overall electromagnetic performance of the antenna array is comprehensively improved.

[0089] Example 4

[0090] like Figures 7-8 As shown, this embodiment also provides a broadband dual-circular polarization antenna array, in which the 2×2 broadband dual-circular polarization antenna array provided in embodiment 3 forms an array unit, and four array units are arranged in a counterclockwise rotation to form a 4×4 broadband dual-circular polarization antenna array.

[0091] Specifically, the 4x4 array is formed by modular assembly based on 2x2 array units, which not only ensures that the antenna array contains a sufficient number of broadband dual circularly polarized antenna units 1, so as to accurately reflect the core electromagnetic characteristics of the large antenna array, including inter-element mutual coupling characteristics, radiation pattern regularity characteristics, and feed network influence characteristics, etc., but also realizes further simplification of the antenna array structure through modular assembly of the antenna array, reduces the complexity of directly designing a large antenna array, and based on the technical principle of small unit iterative optimization, reduces the calculation amount and test cost in the design process of the 4x4 array, realizes the rapid iteration of the design scheme of the large antenna array, provides reliable early-stage performance verification for the development of larger-scale antenna arrays, and finally ensures the accuracy of the array design while improving the design efficiency, realizing the balance between efficiency and accuracy in the design of medium and large satellite antennas.

[0092] Preferably, in the 4x4 broadband dual circularly polarized antenna array, each array unit is rotated in the order of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° in a counterclockwise rotation assembly, at which time the distribution of the dual feed excitation ports of the 4x4 broadband dual circularly polarized antenna array is as shown in FIG. 2B. Figure 8 Specifically, the regular angular rotation makes the electromagnetic radiation characteristics of each array unit form spatial complementarity and synergy, further optimizing the stability of the antenna array axial ratio in a wide angle and wide frequency band range; at the same time, by changing the electromagnetic coupling path and strength between array units through different angle rotations, the suppression effect of inter-element mutual coupling is enhanced; further, by means of the ordered difference of the polarization direction of each array unit, the polarization anti-interference ability of the 4x4 array is improved, and such regular rotation layout provides more accurate structural parameters for the adjustment of the radiation pattern, based on the controllability principle of pattern synthesis, further enhancing the flexibility of pattern design, and comprehensively improving the overall electromagnetic performance and application adaptability of the 4x4 broadband dual circularly polarized antenna array.

[0093] To further optimize the performance of the 4x4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array, the structure layout, electromagnetic regulation and integrated design can also be optimized. In terms of structure, the spacing and specific rotation angle adaptation parameters of the antenna array units can be refined. The spatial arrangement density of each unit in the 0°, 90°, 180° and 270° rotation states can be optimized through simulation to reduce the electromagnetic environment difference between the edge units and the center units in the antenna array. In terms of electromagnetic regulation, phase compensation structures can be introduced into the feed network of the antenna array to further balance the phase deviation of each antenna unit 1 or array unit caused by rotation. Meanwhile, the size ratio of the PCB isolation cavity 201 and the arrangement density of the metalized vias can be optimized to enhance the isolation effect of different frequency band signals. In terms of integrated design and manufacturing and assembly process, the consistency of the overall structure of the antenna array can be improved by using integrated lamination process to reduce the impact of assembly errors on electromagnetic performance. Meanwhile, the low-frequency resonance bandwidth can be further expanded by adjusting the cut angle size of the microstrip parasitic patch 202 and the distribution of the air holes 204, and finally the axial ratio stability, unit isolation and radiation directivity of the antenna array in the wide frequency band can be comprehensively improved.

[0094] Embodiment 5

[0095] As shown in Figures 1-16 , the present embodiment also provides a 4x4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array, which differs from the embodiment 4 in that the 4x4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array provided by the present embodiment acts on the S frequency band.

[0096] Specifically, in the wideband dual circularly polarized antenna unit 1, the substrate material of the PCB board of the radiating unit 100 and the hollow parasitic unit 200 is MEGTRON6, which has a dielectric constant of 3.6 and a loss tangent of 0.003.

[0097] The size of the radiating unit 100 is 75.3mmx75.3mmx2.0mm, and the radiating microstrip patch 101 has four linear branch annular slots 105 and 12 second metalized vias 106. Among them, the radius of the radiating microstrip patch 101 is 20.5mm, the outer radius of the annular slot 105 is 7mm, the length of the linear branch is 3.11mm, the slot width is 0.8mm, and the radius of the second metalized via 106 is 0.35mm.

[0098] The size of the hollow parasitic unit 200 is 71mmx71mmx8.0mm, and the size of the PCB isolation cavity 201 is 65mmx65mmx6.0mm. The radius of the third metalized via 203 is 0.5mm.

[0099] In the 4x4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array, the spacing of the antenna unit 1 is 75.3mm, and the array size is 301.2mmx301.2mmx10.5mm.

[0100] Through the optimization simulation of the wideband dual circularly polarized antenna unit 1 and the array antenna provided in the embodiment, the results show that:

[0101] As shown in Figure 9 , the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the 4×4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array is ≤2.0 in the frequency band of 1.87GHz~2.22GHz, indicating that the impedance matching performance of the antenna array and the feed network is good in the frequency band of 1.87GHz~2.22GHz.

[0102] As shown in Figure 10 , the active S parameter of the 4×4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array is ≤-6.0 dB in the frequency band of 1.89GHz~2.23GHz, indicating that the reflection coefficient of the antenna port is ≤-6.0 dB in the frequency band of 1.89GHz~2.23GHz, the impedance matching performance of the antenna array and the feed network is good, and the frequency band is slightly widened.

[0103] As shown in Figure 11 , the minimum isolation of the 4×4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array is 18.3dB in the frequency band of 1.89GHz~2.22GHz, indicating that the antenna array has good electromagnetic isolation in the frequency band of 1.89GHz~2.22GHz.

[0104] As shown in Figure 12 , in the realized gain (Realized Gain RHCP) graph of the 4×4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array as a right-handed circularly polarized antenna, the normal gain of the 4×4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array is 16.42dBi~17.50dBi at 1.93GHz, 2.02GHz, 2.12GHz and 2.19GHz, indicating that at the key frequency points (1.93GHz, 2.02GHz, 2.12GHz and 2.19GHz) in the target frequency band, the normal gain of the antenna array is stable between 16.42dBi and 17.50dBi, thereby indicating that the antenna array can concentrate more energy in the forward radiation direction, and has strong signal transmission capability in satellite communication.

[0105] As shown in Figure 13 , in the realized gain (Realized Gain RHCP) graph of the 4×4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array as a right-handed circularly polarized antenna, when the 4×4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array is scanned to 51°, the gain roll-off of the antenna is 3.47dB, indicating that the antenna array can still maintain high radiation intensity in a large scanning angle range, and the signal coverage range of the antenna array is wide.

[0106] AsFigure 14 As shown in the figure, the axial ratio (AxialRatioValue) AR of the 4x4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array beam pointing at phi=0°, theta=51° is ≤1.94dB; as shown in the figure, Figure 15 As shown in the figure, the axial ratio (AxialRatioValue) AR of the 4x4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array beam pointing at phi=90°, theta=51° is ≤1.96dB; as shown in the figure, Figure 16 As shown in the figure, the axial ratio (AxialRatioValue) AR of the 4x4 wideband dual circularly polarized antenna array beam pointing at phi=110°, theta=51° is ≤2.83dB; it is shown that the circular polarization purity of the antenna array in multiple directions is relatively high, and the stability of the circularly polarized signal is not affected by the change of the azimuth angle, so that the adaptability of the antenna array in the multi-directional beam coverage scene is relatively high.

[0107] Obviously, the embodiments of the present application are only examples for clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the specific embodiments of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the claims of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A broadband dual-circular polarized antenna element, characterized in that, The antenna includes a transceiver unit, a 3dB coupler, a laminated radiating element, and a hollowed-out parasitic element. The hollowed-out parasitic element is connected to one side of the radiating element via air coupling, and the transceiver unit and the 3dB coupler are connected to the other side of the radiating element via surface mounting. The output of the 3dB coupler is connected to the radiating element to provide a dual-fed excitation signal. The dual-fed excitation signal consists of two signals with equal amplitude and a 90° phase difference. By changing the phase of the two input ports of the 3dB coupler, the radiation mode of the broadband dual-circular polarization antenna element can be switched. The radiation mode includes left-hand circular polarization radiation and right-hand circular polarization radiation. The radiating unit is a rectangular double-sided PCB board, including a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer and a metal ground plane. The first metal layer includes a radiating microstrip patch located at the center of the surface of the rectangular double-sided PCB board. The center of the radiating microstrip patch is etched with a branched annular slit, and the radiating microstrip patch is connected to the metal ground plane through a plurality of second metallized vias. Two coaxial feed vias are also provided between the radiating microstrip patch and the metal ground plane.

2. The broadband dual-circular polarized antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first metal layer also includes a metal edge surrounding the radiating microstrip patch and connected to the edge of the rectangular double-sided PCB board surface, and there is a certain gap between the radiating microstrip patch and the metal edge; The metal edge is connected to the metal floor through a plurality of first metallized vias, which are evenly distributed along the edge of the rectangular double-sided PCB board.

3. The broadband dual-circular polarized antenna element according to claim 2, characterized in that, The surface pattern of the rectangular double-sided PCB board is square, the radiating microstrip patch is a circular patch, and the planar pattern of the inner edge of the metal edge adjacent to the radiating microstrip patch is a square pattern with the same rounded corners at the four corners. The straight edge of the square pattern is parallel to the straight edge of the square. The second metallized via is disposed in the inner ring of the branched annular slit, and the second metallized via is arranged in a circle concentric with the branched annular slit; The annular slit with branches has four straight branches, each of which points perpendicularly to the straight side of the square. The power supply vias are located outside the annular gap with branches and are distributed on both sides of one of the straight branches, and the line connecting the power supply vias is parallel to one side of the square.

4. The broadband dual-circular polarized antenna element according to any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that, The hollowed-out parasitic unit and the radiating unit are arranged coaxially; The hollowed-out parasitic unit is a square circular PCB board. The straight edge of the square circular PCB board is parallel to the straight edge of the rectangular double-sided PCB board, and the straight edges of the square circular PCB board are connected by rounded corners. The planar dimension of the square circular PCB board is smaller than that of the rectangular double-sided PCB board, and the edge of the square circular PCB board completely covers the inner edge of the metal edge adjacent to the radiating microstrip patch. The hollowed-out parasitic unit includes a PCB isolation cavity and a microstrip parasitic patch. The microstrip parasitic patch is disposed on the top surface of a square-round PCB board. The PCB isolation cavity is disposed inside the square-round PCB board and has an opening on the bottom surface of the square-round PCB board. A certain gap is maintained between the PCB isolation cavity and the microstrip parasitic patch, so that the overall structure of the hollowed-out parasitic unit is an inverted U-shape with a hollow center. The microstrip parasitic patch is disposed at the corresponding site of the radiating microstrip patch, and the size of the microstrip parasitic patch completely covers the radiating microstrip patch; The top surface of the square-round PCB board is connected to the bottom surface of the square-round PCB board through a number of third metallized vias; The microstrip parasitic patch has several vent holes that communicate with the PCB isolation cavity.

5. The broadband dual-circular polarized antenna element according to claim 4, characterized in that, The third metallized via is disposed around the PCB isolation cavity and is evenly distributed along the edge of the square-round PCB board; The microstrip parasitic patch is a rectangular pattern with straight chamfered corners at the four corners, and the straight edges of the microstrip parasitic patch are parallel to the straight edges of the square-round PCB board; At least four vent holes are provided, each vent hole is located outside the center of the straight edge of the microstrip parasitic patch, and the location of the vent hole avoids the location of the metal edge.

6. The broadband dual-circular polarized antenna element according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the horizontal direction, the PCB isolation cavity has the same planar shape as the square-round PCB board, and the planar dimensions of the PCB isolation cavity are 80%-95% of the planar dimensions of the square-round PCB board; In the vertical direction, the vertical height of the PCB isolation cavity is 50%-80% of the thickness of the square-round PCB board.

7. A broadband dual-circular polarized antenna array, characterized in that, It includes multiple broadband dual-circularly polarized antenna elements arranged in an array as described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. The broadband dual-circular polarization antenna array according to claim 7, characterized in that, It includes four broadband dual-circular polarized antenna elements, which are arranged in a counterclockwise rotation to form a 2×2 broadband dual-circular polarized antenna array.

9. The broadband dual-circular polarization antenna array according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the 2×2 broadband dual-circular polarized antenna array, each broadband dual-circular polarized antenna element is rotated sequentially by 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° in a counterclockwise rotation arrangement.

10. The broadband dual-circular polarized antenna array according to any one of claims 8-9, characterized in that, The 2×2 broadband dual-circular polarized antenna array is arranged into array units, and four array units are rotated counterclockwise to form a 4×4 broadband dual-circular polarized antenna array.

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