System and method for monitoring operation state of coal mine power system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine power system intelligence, and discloses a coal mine power system operation state monitoring system, which is characterized in that field equipment in a central substation and a mining area substation under a mine collects power monitoring data, transmits the power monitoring data to a ground ring network switch through a mine ring network, and then uploads the power monitoring data to a server; after the ground substation equipment collects data, the data are uploaded to the server through the mine ring network machine; the server carries out operation and analysis on the whole-mine power monitoring data and stores historical data; meanwhile, the GPS timing module regularly calibrates the time of the server; the monitoring work station displays the operation state of the whole-mine power system; the dispatching transfer module obtains key monitoring data of a whole-mine power system from the server and issues a coordination instruction to assist whole-mine dispatching. The cost benefit, the energy benefit and the safety benefit of the coal mine power system are improved, stable operation of the system is guaranteed, energy is saved, potential safety hazards are eliminated, and the safety and reliability of mine production are comprehensively improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of intelligent technology of coal mine power system, and particularly relates to a coal mine power system operation state monitoring system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In coal mine production, the stability and efficiency of the underground power supply system are crucial to safety production. Although the existing underground power supply system is equipped with a power monitoring system, there are obvious deficiencies in its functions. It can only detect high-voltage power supply voltage, current and part of the power data, and lacks key functions such as anti-class-jumping trip, energy consumption analysis, fault prediction and emergency disposal. In terms of power supply, due to the long line and complex structure of the underground power supply system, when electrical faults such as leakage and quick break occur, class-jumping trip phenomenon is easy to occur, which not only makes it difficult to investigate the cause of the fault, resulting in long power outage time, but also seriously interferes with production due to the wide range of power outage. Water and electricity metering relies on manual transcription and analysis, which cannot automatically upload, analyze and warn, increasing labor costs and making it difficult to detect energy consumption overruns in a timely manner and adjust production in a timely manner to reduce energy waste. In terms of safety, the lack of anti-class-jumping trip function has caused large-scale power outages in the underground, impacting key systems such as ventilation and drainage, and creating safety hazards; the leakage test of underground electrical equipment needs to be tested on site by manual operation and record filling, which is easy to miss and record errors, and personnel directly operating electrical equipment also poses a safety risk. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a coal mine power system operation state monitoring system and method to solve the defects of existing technology in terms of function, cost, energy management and safety, and to improve the intelligence and safety level of the underground power supply system. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a coal mine power system operation state monitoring system and method, which improves the cost efficiency, energy efficiency and safety efficiency of the coal mine power system, ensures stable operation of the system, realizes energy saving and eliminates safety hazards, and comprehensively improves the safety and reliability of mine production.

[0004] The application provides a coal mine power system operation state monitoring system, which comprises a dispatching transfer module, a monitoring workstation, a server, a GPS time calibration module, a cloud server, a ground substation, a central substation, a ground ring network switch, a plurality of underground ring network switches and a plurality of mining area substations, each of the mining area substations is connected with an underground ring network switch, the central substation is connected with an underground ring network switch, the ground substation is connected with the ground ring network switch, the ground ring network switch and the plurality of underground ring network switches are connected to form a mine ring network, and are connected with the dispatching transfer module, the monitoring workstation, the server, the GPS time calibration module and the cloud server respectively; the ground substation, the ground ring network switch, the dispatching transfer module, the monitoring workstation, the server, the GPS time calibration module and the cloud server are located on the ground, and the mining area substations and the underground ring network switches and the central substation and the underground ring network switches are located in the mine.

[0005] The field devices in the central substation and the mining area substations in the mine collect power monitoring data, transmit the data to the ground ring network switch through the mine ring network via the corresponding underground ring network switch, and then upload the data to the server; the ground substation device collects data, transmits the data to the server via the mine ring network via the ground ring network switch; the server performs operation, analysis and storage of historical data on the whole-mine power monitoring data transmitted by the mine ring network; meanwhile, the GPS time calibration module regularly calibrates the server time to ensure the accuracy of the data time; the monitoring workstation obtains the processed whole-mine power monitoring data from the server and displays the whole-mine power system operation state, so that the operation and maintenance personnel can query and operate; the dispatching transfer module obtains the key monitoring data of the whole-mine power system from the server and issues coordination instructions to assist the whole-mine dispatching.

[0006] Further, the mining area substation comprises a high-explosion switch, a low-voltage switch, a mining explosion-proof power monitoring substation and a local fan dual-power switch, the local fan dual-power switch is connected to the mining area power supply and monitoring circuit according to the underground equipment connection specification, the high-explosion switch, the low-voltage switch and the local fan dual-power switch are connected to the mining explosion-proof power monitoring substation via a communication line to transmit and collect data, and the mining explosion-proof power monitoring substation is connected to the underground ring network switch via a mining network cable to access the mine ring network.

[0007] The high-explosion switch is matched with a new type of mine high-voltage microcomputer protection device, collects electrical parameters and switch states of the loop, has a distributed network protection function, and participates in the anti-over-tripping of the mining area and the associated area; the low-voltage switch monitors the electrical parameters and switch states of the low-voltage loop of the mining area; the local fan dual-power switch collects the opening and closing states and operating parameters; the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation collects the data of the high-explosion switch and the low-voltage switch in the mining substation, and uploads the data after preliminary processing through the underground ring network switch, receives ground instructions, and controls the equipment of the mining substation; the underground ring network switch realizes the interconnection and intercommunication of the data of the mining substation and the mine ring network, uploads the monitoring data of the mining substation, and receives the instructions issued by the ground and the central substation.

[0008] Further, the central substation includes a high-explosion switch, a low-voltage switch, a mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation, a voltage transformer, and a current transformer, the high-explosion switch and the low-voltage switch are connected to the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation through internal communication lines to transmit the collected data to the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation; the voltage transformer and the current transformer are connected to the high-explosion switch and the low-voltage switch through a secondary loop to transmit electrical signals for parameter collection; the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation is connected to the underground ring network switch through a network cable to realize data uploading and instruction receiving.

[0009] The high-explosion switch is matched with a new type of mine high-voltage microcomputer protection device, real-time collects the voltage, current, active power, reactive power, power factor, frequency, zero sequence current, zero sequence voltage, and grid insulation resistance of the loop, and monitors the opening and closing states of itself; the low-voltage switch collects the electrical parameters of the low-voltage loop, and monitors the opening and closing states; the voltage transformer and the current transformer assist the high-explosion switch and the low-voltage switch to accurately collect electrical parameters; the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation collects the data of the high-explosion switch and the low-voltage switch, performs preliminary processing, transmits fault signals, receives and issues control instructions.

[0010] Further, the ground substation collects the operating parameters of the electrical equipment in the ground substation, cooperates with the central substation and the mining substation for data, and uploads the data through the ground ring network switch; at the same time, as a local response node of part of the control instructions, it assists in judging the overall power state; the ground substation is connected to the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation, the server, and the monitoring workstation of the mining substation and the central substation through the mine ring network to perform data interaction and cooperative control.

[0011] Further, the monitoring workstation provides a man-machine interface for the operation and maintenance personnel, and displays the running state of the mine power system in real time, while performing data query, control instruction issuing, setting value and power supply system generation software operation; the monitoring workstation is connected with the server through a local area network, obtains the data processed by the server, and issues control instructions and operation instructions to the server.

[0012] Further, the server is a dual-machine hot backup mechanism, receives the mine power monitoring data transmitted by the mine ring network, and performs deep operation and analysis, including fault identification and positioning, energy consumption calculation, setting value and power supply system diagram generation; the server is connected with the mine ring network, the monitoring workstation, the GPS time calibration module, the cloud server and the dispatching transfer module, receives data, synchronizes time, uploads data, interacts with control instructions and outputs calculation results;

[0013] The server uses a pre-constructed CNN-LSTM-CAM fault identification model for fault identification, specifically including:

[0014] The CNN-LSTM-CAM fault identification model extracts features from the input data through multiple convolution layers and max pooling layers, performs nonlinear transformation through the ReLU activation function, introduces CAM after feature extraction, enhances the expression of key features by calculating the importance weight of each channel; the LSTM layer is used for time series analysis of sequence features, and further processing is performed through the full connection layer, and finally the Softmax function is used to realize the classification of fault types; wherein,

[0015] The CNN-LSTM model extracts features from the input data through the convolution layer, and then reduces the data dimension through the pooling layer for downsampling, and the extracted spatial features are then input into the LSTM layer, which is responsible for capturing time sequence information in the features. The Dropout layer is applied before the full connection layer, and finally the classification of fault types is realized through the Softmax layer after the processing of the full connection layer; CAM is introduced in CNN-LSTM to dynamically adjust the attention allocation according to the features of the input data; the CAM module processes the results of global average pooling using two full connection layers and an activation function to generate channel attention weights, and its expression is as follows:

[0016] s = σ (W2·ReLU (W1·z))

[0017] Where: s represents the channel attention weight vector; σ and ReLU are activation functions; σ is the Softmax function; W1 and W2 represent the weight matrices of the first and second full connection layers, respectively; z represents a vector containing the global average pooling output of all channels. Then, multiply the channel attention weight with the original feature map channel by channel to get the reweighted output feature map, and the formula is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] wherein, represents the reweighted feature map value on channel c; s c represents the attention weight on channel c; x c (i,j) represents the pixel value of the input feature map at channel c. After superimposing all the reweighted feature maps, the final output feature map wherein, is the reweighted output feature map, containing all the features processed by the channel attention mechanism.

[0020] Further, the GPS time correction module provides accurate clock synchronization for the server, periodically provides time for the server, calibrates the system time, and ensures the time consistency of data such as fault occurrence time, device action time, energy consumption statistical period, and test record time;

[0021] The cloud server receives the important data of the whole mine power system uploaded by the server for cloud storage backup, provides data access services for remote terminals to obtain real-time power system key data and historical data query, and realizes remote and mobile supervision.

[0022] Further, the dispatching transfer module obtains the key monitoring data of the whole mine power system from the server, uploads to the mine dispatching command center system, and at the same time coordinates the instruction of the mine dispatching command center system, and feedbacks to the power system for response adjustment.

[0023] Further, it further includes a printer and a mobile phone terminal, the printer is connected with the monitoring workstation and the cloud server through the mine ring network, and the mobile phone terminal is connected with the cloud server;

[0024] The printer receives the printing task instruction sent by the monitoring workstation or the server, and outputs paper documents to provide physical materials for operation and maintenance archiving, management approval, and accident review, including power system operation report, fault analysis report, and power supply design scheme, to provide physical materials for operation and maintenance archiving, management approval, and accident review;

[0025] The mobile phone terminal obtains real-time power system key data and historical data query from the cloud server to realize remote and mobile supervision.

[0026] The application also provides a coal mine power system operation state monitoring method based on the coal mine power system operation state monitoring system.

[0027] S1, the high explosive switch microcomputer protection device in the central substation, the high explosive switch microcomputer protection device in the mining area substation, the low voltage switch collects the electrical parameters and state data, and after the preliminary verification and processing of the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation, it is uploaded to the ground server through the mine ring network, and the ground substation data is synchronized through the mine ring network; at the same time, the GPS time correction module periodically corrects the time of the server, and the time of the whole mine power data is calibrated;

[0028] S2, the server real-time operation receives the data, uses the distributed network protection function of the high explosive switch, cooperates with the electrical parameters and state data to identify the short circuit fault, triggers the zero delay cut-off to realize the anti-overstep trip; the power data of each region device is extracted to calculate the energy consumption, which is compared with the index to mark the overbudget and trace analysis; the power supply design software is called as needed, combined with real-time / historical power data, input load parameter to automatically generate power supply design scheme;

[0029] S3, the monitoring workstation obtains data from the server, and real-time displays the running state of the whole mine power system, supports the operation and maintenance personnel to query historical data and issue control instructions; the cloud server pushes the key data to the mobile phone APP according to the permission; the server pushes the key data to the mine dispatching command center, realizes cross-system collaborative analysis and instruction feedback, and completes multi-terminal data interaction;

[0030] S4, the control instruction is generated in the monitoring workstation / mobile terminal, and after the server verifies the permission and the device state, it is sent to the underground mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation through the ring network; the substation forwards the instruction to the target device, the device executes and returns the result, the server records and updates the terminal display, and forms the instruction execution closed loop;

[0031] S5, the operation and maintenance personnel regularly check the field equipment and system data through the monitoring workstation, calibrate the deviation and check the device state; the technical personnel analyze the running data, optimize the algorithm and replace the old equipment, at the same time, the server backs up the data to the cloud server and archives locally according to the period, so as to guarantee the stability of the system and the safety of the data.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0033] The present application can significantly improve the operation efficiency and safety level of the coal mine power system. In terms of cost-effectiveness, by eliminating the overstep tripping situation, the safe and stable operation of the power system can be ensured, the impact on production caused by large-area power outage can be avoided, the workload of manually copying and analyzing water and electricity data can be reduced, and errors caused by manual operation can be avoided. In terms of energy efficiency, real-time collection and monitoring of energy consumption data at the mine level, team level and team level are realized, real-time comparative analysis is carried out in combination with output, footage and energy indicators, timely alarm and help to find the cause when the energy indicators are over budget, so as to realize energy saving. In terms of safety benefits, the underground substation and distribution point realize centralized control, the overstep tripping prevention system can accurately cut off the fault line when electrical fault occurs, prevents large-area power outage from affecting the operation of local ventilators and water pumps, eliminates safety hazards, local ventilators can be remotely switched and tested for periodic leakage, avoids missed and false tests, automatically generates a fixed value sheet and a power supply system diagram after inputting device parameters, reduces overstep tripping and switch misoperation caused by inaccurate setting and mismatch between upper and lower levels, and improves the safety and reliability of mine production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the coal mine power system operation state monitoring system of the present application.

[0035] Figure 2 Fig. 2 is a flowchart of the coal mine power system operation state monitoring method of the present application.

[0036] The implementation, functional characteristics and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0038] As Figure 1As shown, the present application provides a coal mine power system operation state monitoring system, comprising a dispatching transfer module, a monitoring workstation, a server, a GPS time calibration module, a cloud server, a mobile terminal, a printer, a ground substation, a central substation, a ground ring network switch, a plurality of underground ring network switches, and a plurality of mining area substations. Each mining area substation is connected to an underground ring network switch, the central substation is connected to an underground ring network switch, the ground substation is connected to the ground ring network switch, the ground ring network switch and the plurality of underground ring network switches are connected to form a mine ring network, and are respectively connected to the dispatching transfer module, the monitoring workstation, the server, the GPS time calibration module, the cloud server, and the printer. The cloud server is also connected to the mobile terminal. The ground substation, the ground ring network switch, the dispatching transfer module, the monitoring workstation, the server, the GPS time calibration module, and the printer are located on the ground, and the mining area substations and the underground ring network switches, and the central substation and the underground ring network switch are located underground.

[0039] The overall workflow of the system is as follows:

[0040] Data acquisition and uploading: The electrical parameters and state data of the high-explosion switch and low-voltage switch in the underground central substation and mining area substation are collected, transmitted to the ground ring network switch through the underground ring network, and then uploaded to the server. After the ground substation equipment collects data, it is also uploaded to the server through the ground ring network switch.

[0041] Data processing and analysis: The server receives all mine data, performs real-time operation and storage, identifies short-circuit fault locations, determines whether to trigger anti-level jump, calculates energy consumption in each area, and compares it with the set index. If there is a fault, it is quickly located and related equipment is linked (such as triggering the corresponding switch to trip); if the energy consumption is over budget, mark the over budget area and equipment. At the same time, the GPS time calibration module regularly calibrates the server time to ensure the accuracy of the data time.

[0042] Data display and interaction: The monitoring workstation obtains the processed data from the server and displays the running state of the entire mine power system on the interface. The operation and maintenance personnel can query and operate (such as remotely switching the local fan command). The mobile terminal obtains key data from the cloud server or the server after authorization and pushes the alarm. The dispatching transfer module uploads the depth data to the dispatching command center to assist the mine dispatching.

[0043] Control instruction issuing: If the operation and maintenance personnel issue a remote fan switching instruction at the monitoring workstation, the instruction is transmitted to the local fan dual-power switch in the mining area substation through the server, the ground ring network switch, and the underground ring network switch, and the switching action is executed. At the same time, test data is recorded, uploaded to the server for storage and display.

[0044] Data backup and output: The server backs up important data to the cloud server; when paper documents are needed, the printer receives instructions and outputs corresponding reports and statements. In the event of a failure, the printer can output a failure analysis report for subsequent review.

[0045] The specific equipment details of the coal mine power system operation status monitoring system are as follows:

[0046] (1) Mining Area Substation

[0047] The number of substations in a mining area depends on the number of mining areas in a coal mine (at least one per production mining area). A mining area substation includes high-explosive switches, low-voltage switches, a mine-use explosion-proof power monitoring substation (integrating anti-overlap and power supply monitoring functions), and dual-power switches for local ventilation fans. The high-explosive switches, low-voltage switches, and dual-power switches for local ventilation fans are connected to the mine-use explosion-proof power monitoring substation via communication lines (Ethernet, RS485, etc.) to transmit collected data. The dual-power switches for local ventilation fans are connected to the mining area's power supply and monitoring circuits according to underground equipment connection specifications. The mine-use explosion-proof power monitoring substation is connected to the underground ring network switch via a mine network cable, thus connecting to the mine ring network.

[0048] a. High-explosive switch: The high-explosive switch is equipped with a new type of mining high-voltage microcomputer protection device, which collects the electrical parameters (voltage, current, etc.) and switch status of the circuit. It has distributed network protection function, participates in the anti-over-level tripping of the mining area and related areas, and quickly identifies and cuts off short-circuit faults within the mining area.

[0049] b. Low-voltage switch: Monitors the electrical parameters and switch status of the low-voltage circuit in the mining area, and provides basic power supply monitoring for the working face and tunneling head equipment (coal mining machine, tunneling machine, etc.) in the mining area.

[0050] c. Mine-use explosion-proof power monitoring substation (integrated with anti-over-level and power supply monitoring): It collects data from high-explosive switches, low-voltage switches, etc. in the mining area substation, performs preliminary processing (data verification, format conversion), and then uploads the data via a ring network switch; it participates in distributed network protection and collaborates with substations such as the central substation; at the same time, it receives control commands issued from the ground to achieve intelligent monitoring and remote control.

[0051] As a key node in distributed network protection, the explosion-proof power monitoring substation for mining collaborates with other substations and utilizes network priority transmission technology to transmit signals such as fault identification and isolation, thereby completing the function of preventing cascading tripping.

[0052] d. Dual power supply switch for local ventilation fans: Collects the opening and closing status and operating parameters (fan voltage, current, fan speed) to provide data for remote switching and test recording, and ensures safe power supply monitoring for ventilation in the mining area.

[0053] The substation in the mining area utilizes multiple devices in synergy to achieve: 1) Power supply guarantee for the mining area: High-explosive switches and low-voltage switches distribute power to equipment such as the working face, tunneling head, and local ventilation fans, regulating the power supply to meet the electricity needs of production and ventilation in the mining area. 2) Precise monitoring and control: Explosion-proof power monitoring substations monitor the status of equipment within the substation, accurately identify faults based on the characteristics of the mining area, and respond quickly (preventing cascading trips); they also receive ground commands to remotely control equipment in the mining area, ensuring safe and continuous production. 3) Data interaction node: Through a ring network switch, power data from the mining area is uploaded to the ground monitoring layer, providing mining area-level data for the analysis and scheduling of the entire mine's power system; simultaneously, it receives overall mine-wide commands to adjust the power supply strategy for the mining area.

[0054] (2) Central substation

[0055] One central substation is located underground in the central area, usually near the bottom of the mine. It serves as the "hub" for underground power supply, receiving high-voltage power from the surface substation and distributing it to substations in various mining areas and large fixed equipment underground, such as the main drainage pump and bottom mine lighting. The central substation includes high-explosive switches, low-voltage switches, a mine-use explosion-proof power monitoring substation, voltage transformers, and current transformers. The high-explosive switches and low-voltage switches transmit the collected data to the mine-use explosion-proof power monitoring substation via internal communication lines (such as Ethernet or RS485 bus, adapted for underground equipment connection). The voltage transformers and current transformers are connected to the high-explosive switches and low-voltage switches via secondary circuits to transmit electrical signals for parameter acquisition. The mine-use explosion-proof power monitoring substation is connected to the ring network switch via network cables (mine-use flame-retardant shielded twisted-pair cables suitable for the underground environment) to achieve data uploading and command reception.

[0056] a. High-explosive switch: The high-explosive switch is equipped with a new type of mining high-voltage microcomputer protection device, which has the function of distributed network protection to prevent over-level tripping. It collects analog quantities such as voltage, current, active power, reactive power, power factor, frequency, zero-sequence current, zero-sequence voltage, and grid insulation resistance of the circuit in real time, as well as switch opening and closing status and other switch quantities. Utilizing the distributed network protection function, it can quickly identify short-circuit faults, clear faults with zero delay, and achieve over-level tripping prevention.

[0057] b. Low-voltage switch: Collects electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and power of the low-voltage circuit, monitors the opening and closing status, and ensures the monitoring of the operating status and basic protection (such as overload and short-circuit protection) of the low-voltage power supply circuit.

[0058] c. Mine-use explosion-proof power monitoring substation (integrated with anti-overlap and power supply monitoring): It collects data from high-explosive switches, low-voltage switches, and other equipment within the substation and performs preliminary processing (verification, format conversion); as a key node in distributed network protection, it collaborates with other substations to transmit fault signals using network priority transmission technology; relying on the mine ring network, it uploads data to the ground monitoring layer, receives and issues control commands, and realizes intelligent monitoring and remote control.

[0059] As a key node in distributed network protection, the explosion-proof power monitoring substation for mining applications collaborates with other substations, utilizing network priority transmission technology to transmit signals for fault identification and isolation, thereby completing the function of preventing cascading trips.

[0060] d. Voltage transformers and current transformers: assist high-voltage switches, low-voltage switches, etc. in accurately collecting electrical parameters, providing a precise data source for power monitoring.

[0061] As a crucial underground power supply node, the central substation, equipped with high-explosive switches, low-voltage switches, and other equipment, distributes and regulates power to large fixed equipment and mining area substations, ensuring the large-scale, high-load power supply needs underground. The mine-use explosion-proof power monitoring substation aggregates and processes data, enabling real-time status monitoring of the substation's equipment (whether switches are operating normally and whether electrical parameters exceed standards). Relying on distributed network protection and the mine ring network, it collaborates with other substations to quickly respond to faults, such as zero-delay disconnection and prevention of cascading tripping in the event of a short-circuit fault. It also receives ground commands to remotely control the substation's equipment, such as adjusting switch settings and remotely opening and closing circuits. The ring network switch constructs an underground data transmission channel, ensuring timely uploading of monitoring data from the substation to the surface and accurate issuance of ground control commands, making the central substation a key hub for underground power monitoring and control data exchange.

[0062] (3) Underground ring network switch, surface ring network switch

[0063] The underground ring network switch serves as an underground data aggregation and forwarding node. It receives data uploaded by the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substations in the central substation and mining area substations, and transmits the data to the ground ring network switch through the mine ring network. At the same time, it receives control commands issued from the ground and forwards them to the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substations in the central substation and mining area substations, thus establishing a data interaction channel between the underground and the ground.

[0064] The ground ring network switch receives data uploaded by the underground ring network switch and forwards it to the ground monitoring layer module (server, monitoring workstation); it also transmits the instructions issued by the ground monitoring layer to the underground equipment through the underground ring network switch, thus establishing a network channel for data interaction between the ground and underground.

[0065] In the power system operation status monitoring system, ground substations, mining area substations, and central substations form a unified monitoring network through the mine ring network. Both mining area and central substations are required to install mine-use explosion-proof power monitoring substations (with anti-over-level and power supply monitoring functions) to access monitoring data (voltage, current, power, etc.) from high-voltage microprocessor protection devices (high-explosive switches), low-voltage switches, and other equipment. Ground substations are equipped with ground power monitoring substations (no explosion-proof design required) to monitor the operating status of ground high-voltage cabinets, transformers, and other equipment. All monitoring substations are interconnected through the mine ring network, uploading the collected real-time data to the mine dispatch and command center to achieve centralized monitoring, remote control, and data aggregation of the entire mine's power system. When a short-circuit fault occurs in a certain area (such as a mining area), the monitoring substations of the mining area substations and the high-voltage microprocessor protection devices, through distributed network protection functions, prioritize the transmission of fault signals. Combined with monitoring data from the central substation, the fault point is quickly located and isolated with zero delay, preventing the fault from spreading to the central or ground substations.

[0066] (4) Ground substation

[0067] The surface substation connects to the underground explosion-proof power monitoring substation, server, and monitoring workstation via the mine ring network for data exchange and collaborative control. It collects operating parameters (voltage, current, power, etc.) of electrical equipment (such as high-voltage cabinets and transformers) within the surface substation, coordinates data with the central substation and mining area substations, and uploads the data to the surface monitoring layer via the surface ring network switch. Simultaneously, it serves as a local response node for some control commands (such as ground equipment linkage control) and participates in the data aggregation and analysis of the entire mine's power system, assisting in the assessment of the overall power status.

[0068] In addition to its original functions of collecting operating parameters of electrical equipment in the ground substation and coordinating data from underground, the ground substation can serve as a ground auxiliary node for distributed network protection, working in conjunction with underground substations to optimize fault identification and handling logic; at the same time, it can provide some local redundant control for the system, such as rapid local response to simple faults in extreme cases.

[0069] (5) Monitoring workstation

[0070] It provides a human-machine interface for operation and maintenance personnel, displaying the real-time operating status of the entire mine's power system, including electrical parameters of each substation (voltage and current curves), equipment status (switch opening and closing), and local ventilation fan operating parameters. It supports operation and maintenance personnel in data querying (historical fault records, fan test records), issuing control commands (remote fan switching), and operating software for setting and power supply system generation (inputting load, generating setting values ​​and power supply system diagrams), serving as the terminal for daily monitoring and operation. The monitoring workstation connects to the server via a local area network, acquiring data processed by the server; it issues control and operation commands to the server, which are then transmitted to field equipment via the server and the mine ring network.

[0071] The monitoring workstation sets the parameters and generates the power supply system software module. It has built-in power supply design calculation formulas. Users can input the load parameters to be calculated at the monitoring workstation or authorized terminals (such as designated equipment in the dispatch center), and automatically generate a power supply design that includes settings (overcurrent protection settings, instantaneous overcurrent protection settings, etc.) and power supply system diagrams. It supports the storage, querying, and modification of design schemes (with access control), providing an efficient tool for power supply design and adjustment.

[0072] (6) Server

[0073] The server serves as the core data processing center, receiving mine-wide power monitoring data transmitted from the mine's ring network. It performs in-depth calculations and analyses, including fault location analysis, energy consumption calculation, and generation of setpoint and power supply system diagrams. It also stores historical data, including electrical parameters, fault records, and energy consumption data, ensuring data continuity and traceability.

[0074] The server employs a dual-machine hot standby mechanism to ensure high system reliability. If one server fails, the other seamlessly takes over, ensuring uninterrupted system operation. It connects to modules such as the mine ring network, monitoring workstations, GPS time synchronization modules, cloud servers, dispatch relay modules, and printers, receiving data, synchronizing time, uploading data, exchanging control commands, and outputting calculation results (fault identification results, setpoints, and power supply system diagrams).

[0075] The server uses a pre-built CNN-LSTM-CAM fault recognition model for fault identification, specifically including:

[0076] CNNs possess powerful feature extraction capabilities, automatically learning multi-level feature representations from complex data. They are particularly effective at capturing local spatial correlations when processing spatially structured power data. CNNs were chosen as the foundational structure for the fault identification model. In a CNN, firstly, the input layer receives the raw data and extracts local spatial features through convolutional layers. Secondly, the convolutional layers use filters to perform convolution operations on the input data, generating feature maps. Thirdly, pooling layers downsample the feature maps, reducing their size and thus lowering data dimensionality and computational cost. Finally, after passing through fully connected layers, the network maps the extracted features to the output space, achieving the final classification or recognition task.

[0077] First, the convolution kernel is calculated as follows:

[0078]

[0079] in: This represents the output value of the i-th neuron in the k-th layer; Indicates its weight; X k-1 This represents the input data of the (k-1)th layer, i.e., the feature map of the previous layer; represents the bias term; f(·) represents the activation function.

[0080] Secondly, the ReLU function is chosen as the activation function because it can handle deep networks and avoid the gradient explosion problem that may occur during training. Meanwhile, to better highlight the salient features in the convolutional feature maps, max pooling is selected for feature computation. Finally, the fully connected layer can map the output to a normalized probability distribution and output a confidence score, as shown in the following expression:

[0081]

[0082] in, This represents the output value of the j-th neuron in the i-th layer; This represents the weights from the i-th neuron in layer (l-1) to the j-th neuron in layer l; This represents the output value of the i-th neuron in the (j-1)-th layer; This represents the bias term for the j-th neuron.

[0083] While CNNs excel at identifying patterns in static data, their performance is often less than ideal when processing dynamic data that changes over time in power systems. Therefore, combining CNNs with LSTMs, which are adept at handling and memorizing dependencies over long time spans, allows for the capture of trends and change patterns in time series data beyond simply extracting spatial features, thereby improving the accuracy and robustness of fault identification.

[0084] First, the CNN-LSTM model extracts features from the input data through convolutional layers. Second, it downsamples the data using pooling layers to reduce dimensionality. The extracted spatial features are then input into the LSTM layer, which captures the time-series information within the features to analyze dynamic changes in the data. To prevent overfitting, a Dropout layer is applied before the fully connected layers. Finally, after processing by the fully connected layers, a Softmax layer is used to classify fault types. Furthermore, to further improve the accuracy and robustness of fault identification, a CAM (Channel Average Pooling) module is introduced into the CNN-LSTM to dynamically adjust attention allocation based on the features of the input data, thus better adapting to different fault scenarios. Simultaneously, by focusing on key channels, unnecessary information processing can be effectively reduced, improving the model's applicability and flexibility. The CAM module uses two fully connected layers and an activation function to process the results of global average pooling, generating channel attention weights, the expression of which is:

[0085] s=σ(W2·ReLU(W1·z))

[0086] Where: s represents the channel attention weight vector; σ and ReLU are both activation functions; σ is the Softmax function; W1 and W2 represent the weight matrices of the first and second fully connected layers, respectively; z represents the vector containing the global average pooling output of all channels. Subsequently, the channel attention weights are multiplied channel-by-channel by the original feature map to obtain the reweighted output feature map, as shown in the following formula:

[0087]

[0088] in, This represents the reweighted feature map value on channel c; s c x represents the attention weight on channel c; c (i,j) represents the pixel value of the input feature map at channel c. The final output feature map is obtained by superimposing all the reweighted feature maps. in, The reweighted output feature map contains all features processed by the channel attention mechanism. Based on the above calculations, the final CNN-LSTM-CAM model architecture process includes:

[0089] First, the CNN-LSTM-CAM fault recognition model extracts features from the input data using multiple convolutional and max-pooling layers, followed by a non-linear transformation using the ReLU activation function. After feature extraction, CAM is introduced to enhance the representation of key features by calculating the importance weight of each channel. Second, LSTM layers are used for temporal analysis of the sequence features, and further processing is performed through fully connected layers. Finally, a softmax function is used to classify fault types.

[0090] (7) GPS time synchronization module

[0091] The GPS time synchronization module provides precise clock synchronization for the server and the entire system, ensuring the consistency of data such as fault occurrence time, equipment operation time, energy consumption statistics period, and test record time, thereby improving the accuracy of functions such as fault analysis, energy consumption statistics, and record traceability. It connects to the server via the network and periodically transmits time to the server to calibrate the system time.

[0092] (8) Cloud Server

[0093] The cloud server receives and backs up critical data from the entire mine's power system uploaded by the server, ensuring data security and preventing data loss due to local server failures. Simultaneously, it provides data access services to remote terminals such as mobile devices. With authorization, mobile devices can obtain real-time key power system data from the cloud server, such as voltage and current of important substations, equipment fault alarms, and historical data queries, enabling remote and mobile monitoring. In addition to original data backup and remote access, the cloud server leverages cloud computing power to assist the server in big data analysis (such as long-term energy consumption trend prediction and overall mine power system health assessment). It also provides richer data services to remote terminals such as mobile devices, such as cloud-based energy consumption overrun warnings and detailed fault analysis reports. The cloud server connects to the server (dual-machine hot standby) via a network, receiving backup data and analysis requests uploaded by the server; and providing data access and analysis result push services to remote terminals such as mobile devices.

[0094] (9) Scheduling and transfer module

[0095] The dispatching and relay module serves as the interface between the mine's power system and the mine's dispatching and command center. It obtains key monitoring data of the mine's power system from the server, such as the mine's power load curve, details of important fault information, mine's energy consumption overview, and over-cost warnings. This data is then uploaded to the mine's dispatching and command center system and integrated into the mine's production dispatching system. This allows the dispatching center to coordinate power supply and production, while also receiving coordination instructions from the dispatching center and feeding them back to the power system for response and adjustment.

[0096] In addition to uploading key power data for the entire mine, it integrates with the production coordination system of the mine's dispatch and command center. Based on power system data, it provides power-assisted decision-making suggestions for the mine's production scheduling; simultaneously, it receives overall coordination instructions from the dispatch center to optimize power system response. The dispatch relay module connects to the server, receiving deeply integrated data and decision suggestions processed by the server; it also connects to the mine's dispatch and command center system to upload data and receive coordination instructions.

[0097] (10) Energy consumption monitoring and analysis module

[0098] The energy consumption monitoring and analysis module supports manual input of mine-level, team-level, and work group-level energy consumption indicators. It retrieves energy consumption data for the entire mine's power system from the server (calculated based on power consumption and operating time of each circuit), and performs real-time comparative analysis. When energy consumption exceeds limits, it accurately locates the excess point (substation / distribution point, specific circuit) and broadcasts alerts via monitoring workstations and mobile devices, assisting the managing unit in investigating the cause (such as abnormal equipment power consumption or unreasonable operating modes) to achieve energy-saving management. The energy consumption monitoring and analysis module connects to the server to acquire energy consumption data; it also connects to monitoring workstations and mobile devices to output excess alarms and analysis results.

[0099] (11) Mobile device

[0100] The mobile app provides management at the mine and team levels with mobile monitoring capabilities, enabling real-time viewing of key power system data and receiving alarm push notifications. It retrieves system-pushed data from the cloud server or, with authorization, directly from the server to view key operational statuses of the power system in real time; it also receives alarm notifications for energy consumption overruns, fault trips, and other incidents, allowing managers to monitor the mine's power system status anytime, anywhere, thus aiding decision-making. It supports simple control command confirmation, facilitating mobile and precise monitoring by management and maintenance personnel.

[0101] (12) Printer

[0102] Receive printing task instructions sent by monitoring workstations or servers, such as user-triggered printing of energy consumption reports and fault records, or system-triggered printing of power supply design schemes. Output paper documents such as power system operation reports (monthly energy consumption reports, daily equipment operation status reports), fault analysis reports (including fault location, type, and handling suggestions), and power supply design schemes (set values, power supply system diagrams) to provide physical data for operation and maintenance archiving, management approval, and accident review.

[0103] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for monitoring the operating status of a coal mine power system. Based on the coal mine power system operating status monitoring system described above, the method specifically includes:

[0104] Before operating the monitoring system, high-explosive switches (including microcomputer protection devices with distributed network protection functions), low-voltage switches, mine explosion-proof power monitoring substations, ring network switches, and other equipment were installed in the central substation and mining area substations. The electrical parameter acquisition functions of the high-explosive switches and low-voltage switches were debugged to ensure accurate acquisition of analog quantities such as voltage, current, and power, as well as switch states and other switch quantities. The Ethernet connection between the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation and the high-explosive switch microcomputer protection device was debugged to ensure data transmission. The network configuration of the ring network switches was completed, and the basic underground ring network link was constructed. Ground substation monitoring equipment, ground ring network switches, monitoring workstations, servers (dual-machine hot standby), GPS time synchronization, cloud servers, dispatch relay module interfaces, printers, and other equipment were installed. A ground local area network was built to connect the monitoring workstations, servers, GPS time synchronization, cloud servers, etc. The network interconnection between the ground ring network switches and the underground ring network switches was configured, and the data transmission channel between the ground and underground was tested. Install power system monitoring software on servers and monitoring workstations, complete database initialization (create equipment parameter tables, historical data tables, fault record tables, etc.), and configure user permissions (distinguish between administrator, maintenance personnel, and management permissions); install the corresponding APP on mobile devices and complete authorization binding to ensure that each terminal can access the system normally, laying the foundation for subsequent monitoring.

[0105] S1, the high-explosive switch microcomputer protection device and low-voltage switch in the central substation and mining area substation in the mine collect electrical parameters and status data. After preliminary verification and processing by the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation, the data is uploaded to the ground server through the mine ring network. The data of the ground substation is also uploaded synchronously through the mine ring network. At the same time, the GPS time synchronization module periodically sends time to the server to calibrate the time of the power data of the whole mine.

[0106] ① Underground Data Acquisition: The high-explosive switch microcomputer protection devices in the central substation and mining area substations collect electrical parameters (voltage, current, active power, etc.) and status data (opening and closing) in real time, transmitting them to the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation via Ethernet. Low-voltage switches and local ventilation fan dual-power switches collect corresponding data, transmitting them to the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation via RS485 bus or Ethernet. The mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation performs preliminary verification of the received data, removing outliers and converting the data format.

[0107] ② Data Upload to the Ground: The underground explosion-proof power monitoring substation uploads the processed data to the ground server via the underground ring network switch and the ground ring network switch; data collected by the monitoring equipment in the ground substation is directly uploaded to the server via the ground ring network switch. After receiving the data, the server stores it according to preset rules and simultaneously triggers the real-time data processing flow.

[0108] ③ Time synchronization calibration: The GPS time synchronization module periodically sends a precise clock signal to the server, and the server synchronizes and calibrates all time-sensitive data in the system to ensure the time consistency of power data throughout the mine.

[0109] S2. The server processes the received data in real time, utilizes the distributed network protection function of the high-explosive switch, and combines electrical parameters and status data to collaboratively identify short-circuit faults, triggering zero-delay disconnection to achieve anti-level tripping; extracts power data of equipment in each area to calculate energy consumption, compares it with indicators to mark overruns and traces and analyzes them; and calls power supply design software as needed, combining real-time / historical power data and inputting load parameters to automatically generate power supply design schemes.

[0110] ① Real-time monitoring and fault identification: The server processes the received data in real time, utilizing the distributed network protection function of the high-explosive switch microcomputer protection device and combining data collaboration from multiple substations to identify short-circuit faults. When a short circuit occurs in a certain circuit, the high-explosive switch microcomputer protection device quickly collects parameters such as fault current. The mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation prioritizes transmitting the fault signal. The server combines the data from the entire network to locate the fault location and triggers a zero-delay fault clearing command to achieve anti-cascading tripping.

[0111] ② Energy Consumption Calculation and Analysis: The server extracts power data for each region (central substation, mining area substation, and ground substation) and each piece of equipment from the collected data. Combined with operating time, it calculates energy consumption at the mine, team, and work group levels. The calculation results are compared with manually input energy consumption indicators. If overruns are found, the overrun areas are marked, triggering the energy consumption overrun analysis process.

[0112] ③ Power Supply Design Auxiliary Calculation: When power supply design adjustments are required, new load parameters are input into the monitoring workstation or authorized terminal through the setting and power supply system generation software. The server calls the built-in power supply design calculation formula, combines it with the real-time / historical power data collected by the system, and automatically generates a power supply design scheme that includes setting and power supply system diagrams, stores it, and pushes it to the relevant terminals.

[0113] S3, the monitoring workstation obtains data from the server, displays the real-time operating status of the entire mine's power system, and supports maintenance personnel in querying historical data and issuing control commands; the cloud server pushes key data to the mobile APP according to permissions; the server pushes key data to the mine dispatch and command center to realize cross-system collaborative analysis and command feedback, and completes multi-terminal data interaction.

[0114] ① Monitoring Workstation Display: The monitoring workstation retrieves processed data from the server and displays the real-time operating status of the entire mine's power system on the human-machine interface, including electrical parameter curves, equipment status, energy consumption statistics charts, etc., for each substation. Maintenance personnel can query historical data and issue control commands through the interface.

[0115] ② Mobile Data Push: The cloud server retrieves key data from the main server and pushes it to the mobile app according to preset rules. Management can view an overview of the entire mine's power system and receive alarm information through their mobile phones, achieving mobile supervision.

[0116] ③ Coordination of the Dispatch and Transfer Module: The server pushes key data of the entire mine's power system to the mine dispatch and command center system through the dispatch and transfer module interface. The dispatch center combines the mine's production data to conduct collaborative analysis of power and production, and feeds back the collaborative instructions to the power system server, realizing cross-system data interaction and linkage.

[0117] S4. Control commands are generated on the monitoring workstation / mobile terminal. After the server verifies the permissions and device status, the commands are sent to the underground mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation through the ring network. The substation forwards the commands to the target device. After the device executes the commands, it sends back the results. The server records and updates the terminal display, forming a closed loop of command execution.

[0118] ① Command Generation and Issuance: Maintenance personnel at the monitoring workstation generate control commands based on system monitoring data, or management personnel, after authorization on their mobile devices. The commands are sent from the monitoring workstation to the server. After verifying the command permissions and device status, the server issues the commands to the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation of the substation where the target device is located via the ground ring network switch and the underground ring network switch.

[0119] ② Execution and Feedback of Underground Equipment: The mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation receives control commands, parses them, and forwards them to the target equipment. The equipment executes the commands and sends the execution results back to the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation, which then uploads them to the server via a ring network. The server records the command execution status and synchronously updates the displayed data on the monitoring workstation and mobile terminal, forming a closed loop for command execution.

[0120] S5. Maintenance personnel regularly check on-site equipment and system data through monitoring workstations, calibrate deviations, and check equipment status; technicians analyze operational data, optimize algorithms, and replace outdated equipment. Meanwhile, the server backs up data to the cloud server and archives it locally on a regular basis to ensure system stability and data security.

[0121] ① Routine Inspection and Data Verification: Maintenance personnel regularly check system data through the monitoring workstation, compare it with the actual status of on-site equipment, and promptly calibrate equipment parameters and correct system data if data deviations are found. Regularly check the operating status of ring network switches, servers, and other equipment to ensure system hardware stability.

[0122] ② Fault Handling and System Optimization: When the system detects a fault, the server automatically records the fault information. Maintenance personnel then inspect the equipment on-site based on the fault record, and after repair, enter the fault handling results into the system. Simultaneously, technical personnel regularly analyze system operation data to optimize system algorithms and equipment configuration, improving system reliability and monitoring accuracy.

[0123] ③ Data Backup and Archiving: The server backs up system operation data to the cloud server at preset intervals, while storing historical data on the local server. The backup data is regularly archived and organized to facilitate subsequent auditing and review, ensuring data security and traceability.

[0124] This invention installs mine-use explosion-proof power monitoring substations (integrating anti-over-level tripping and power supply monitoring) at each underground substation and distribution point. Simultaneously, the microcomputer protection device of the high-explosive switch is replaced with a mine-use high-voltage microcomputer protection device with distributed network protection and anti-over-level tripping function. The microcomputer protection device is connected to the mine-use explosion-proof power monitoring substation via Ethernet communication, achieving centralized monitoring of the substation through the mine ring network, realizing intelligent monitoring, remote control, and anti-over-level tripping functions. The system monitors analog quantities such as voltage, current, active power, reactive power, power factor, frequency, zero-sequence current, zero-sequence voltage, and grid insulation resistance of each electrical switch and cable system in real time. Utilizing distributed network protection functions and network priority transmission technology, it ensures priority transmission of network identification signals, automatically identifies short-circuit fault locations, and disconnects faults with zero delay, achieving the function of power system anti-over-level tripping. The opening and closing of the dual power supply switch for local ventilation fans and the acquisition of operating parameters are sent to the power monitoring system, enabling remote fan switching and recording of test data. Develop software to generate setpoints and power supply systems. Input power supply design calculation formulas and other relevant data into the power monitoring system, along with the load to be calculated. The system will automatically generate a power supply design that includes setpoints and power supply system diagrams. The system allows manual input of energy consumption indicators at the mine, team, and work group levels. The software monitors energy consumption data in real time, analyzes it against the indicators, and accurately reports the location of any energy consumption exceedances, alerting the responsible unit to investigate the cause, thereby achieving energy conservation.

[0125] The power monitoring system ultimately uploads data to the mine dispatch and command center, which then dispatches the entire mine to achieve intelligent unmanned power supply system management and intelligent energy management.

[0126] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, apparatus, article, or method that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, apparatus, article, or method. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, apparatus, article, or method that includes that element.

[0127] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal mine power system operation status monitoring system, characterized in that, The system includes a dispatch relay module, a monitoring workstation, a server, a GPS time synchronization module, a cloud server, a ground substation, a central substation, a ground ring network switch, multiple underground ring network switches, and multiple mining area substations. Each mining area substation is connected to one underground ring network switch, the central substation is connected to one underground ring network switch, and the ground substations are connected to the ground ring network switches. The ground ring network switches and multiple underground ring network switches are connected to form a mine ring network, which is respectively connected to the dispatch relay module, the monitoring workstation, the server, the GPS time synchronization module, and the cloud server. The ground substations and their ground ring network switches, the dispatch relay module, the monitoring workstation, the server, the GPS time synchronization module, and the cloud server are located on the ground, while the mining area substations and their underground ring network switches, and the central substations and their underground ring network switches are located underground in the mine. Power monitoring data is collected by field equipment in the central substation and mining area substations underground. This data is then transmitted via the corresponding underground ring network switch to the ground ring network switch, and finally uploaded to the server. Similarly, data collected by equipment in the ground substations is transmitted via the ground ring network switch to the server through the mine ring network machine. The server processes and analyzes the mine-wide power monitoring data transmitted from the mine ring network, and stores historical data. Simultaneously, the GPS time synchronization module periodically calibrates the server time to ensure data accuracy. The monitoring workstation retrieves the processed mine-wide power monitoring data from the server and displays the overall mine power system's operating status, allowing maintenance personnel to query and operate the system. The dispatching relay module obtains key monitoring data of the entire mine's power system from the server and issues coordination instructions to assist in the overall mine dispatching.

2. The coal mine power system operation status monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substation in the mining area includes a high-explosive switch, a low-voltage switch, a mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation, and a dual-power switch for local ventilation fans. The dual-power switch for local ventilation fans is connected to the power supply and monitoring circuit of the mining area according to the underground equipment connection specifications. The high-explosive switch, low-voltage switch, and dual-power switch for local ventilation fans are connected to the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation through communication lines to transmit collected data. The mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation is connected to the underground ring network switch through a mine network cable to access the mine ring network. The high-explosive switch is equipped with a new type of mine-use high-voltage microcomputer protection device, which collects the electrical parameters and switch status of the circuit it is in, has distributed network protection function, and participates in the prevention of over-level tripping in the mining area and related areas; the low-voltage switch monitors the electrical parameters and switch status of the low-voltage circuit in the mining area; the dual-power switch of the local ventilation fan collects the opening and closing status and operating parameters; the mine-use explosion-proof power monitoring substation collects the data of the high-explosive switch and low-voltage switch in the mining area substation, processes it initially, and uploads it through the underground ring network switch, while receiving ground commands to control the equipment in the mining area substation; the underground ring network switch realizes the interconnection and interoperability of the data of the mining area substation and the mine ring network, uploads the monitoring data of the mining area substation, and receives commands issued by the ground and central substations.

3. The coal mine power system operation status monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The central substation includes a high-explosive switch, a low-voltage switch, a mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation, a voltage transformer, and a current transformer. The high-explosive switch and the low-voltage switch are connected to the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation through internal communication lines to transmit the collected data to the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation. The voltage transformer and current transformer are connected to the high-explosive switch and low-voltage switch through secondary circuits to transmit electrical signals for parameter acquisition; the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation is connected to the underground ring network switch through a network cable to realize data uploading and command reception. The high-explosive switch is equipped with a new type of mining high-voltage microcomputer protection device, which collects the voltage, current, active power, reactive power, power factor, frequency, zero-sequence current, zero-sequence voltage, and grid insulation resistance of the circuit in real time, and monitors its own opening and closing status; the low-voltage switch collects the electrical parameters of the low-voltage circuit in which it is located and monitors its opening and closing status; the voltage transformer and current transformer assist the high-explosive switch and low-voltage switch in accurately collecting electrical parameters; the mining explosion-proof power monitoring substation gathers the data from the high-explosive switch and low-voltage switch, performs preliminary processing and transmits fault signals, and receives and issues control commands.

4. The coal mine power system operation status monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ground substation collects operating parameters of electrical equipment within the substation, coordinates data with the central substation and mining area substation, and uploads the data through a ground ring network switch. It also serves as a local response node for some control commands, assisting in determining the overall power status. The ground substation connects to the mining area substation and the central substation's explosion-proof power monitoring substation, server, and monitoring workstation via the mine ring network for data interaction and collaborative control.

5. The coal mine power system operation status monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The monitoring workstation provides a human-machine interface for operation and maintenance personnel, displaying the real-time operating status of the entire mine's power system, and simultaneously performing data queries, issuing control commands, and operating software for setting values ​​and power supply system generation. The monitoring workstation is connected to the server via a local area network, obtaining data processed by the server and issuing control and operation commands to the server.

6. The coal mine power system operation status monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The server features a dual-machine hot standby mechanism, receiving mine-wide power monitoring data transmitted from the mine ring network, performing in-depth calculations and analysis, including fault identification and location, energy consumption calculation, and generation of setpoints and power supply system diagrams. The server is connected to the mine ring network, monitoring workstations, GPS time synchronization modules, cloud servers, and dispatch relay modules, receiving data, synchronizing time, uploading data, exchanging control commands, and outputting calculation results. The server uses a pre-built CNN-LSTM-CAM fault recognition model for fault identification, specifically including: The CNN-LSTM-CAM fault recognition model extracts features from the input data through multiple convolutional layers and max-pooling layers. It then performs a non-linear transformation using the ReLU activation function. After feature extraction, a CAM is introduced, which enhances the expression of key features by calculating the importance weight of each channel. LSTM layers are used for temporal analysis of the sequence features, and fully connected layers further process these features. Finally, a Softmax function is used to classify the fault type. The CNN-LSTM model extracts features from the input data through convolutional layers. Next, it downsamples the data using pooling layers to reduce dimensionality. The extracted spatial features are then fed into the LSTM layer, which captures the temporal information within the features. A Dropout layer is applied before the fully connected layer, and finally, after processing by the fully connected layer, a Softmax layer is used to classify fault types. A CAM (Computed Mode and Activation) module is introduced into the CNN-LSTM to dynamically adjust attention allocation based on the features of the input data. The CAM module uses two fully connected layers and an activation function to process the results of global average pooling, generating channel attention weights, the expression of which is: s=σ(W2·ReLU(W1·z)) Where: s represents the channel attention weight vector; σ and ReLU are both activation functions; σ is the Softmax function; W1 and W2 represent the weight matrices of the first and second fully connected layers, respectively; z represents the vector containing the global average pooling output of all channels. Subsequently, the channel attention weights are multiplied channel-by-channel by the original feature map to obtain the reweighted output feature map, as shown in the following formula: in, S represents the reweighted feature map value on channel c; c x represents the attention weight on channel c; c (i,j) represents the pixel value of the input feature map at channel c. The final output feature map is obtained by superimposing all the reweighted feature maps. in, The reweighted output feature map contains all features processed by the channel attention mechanism.

7. The coal mine power system operation status monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The GPS time synchronization module provides the server with precise clock synchronization, periodically transmits time to the server, and calibrates the system time to ensure the time consistency of data such as fault occurrence time, equipment action time, energy consumption statistics period, and test record time. The cloud server receives important data of the entire mine's power system uploaded by the server and stores and backs it up in the cloud. It provides data access services to remote terminals to obtain real-time key data of the power system and query historical data, so as to realize remote and mobile supervision.

8. The coal mine power system operation status monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The dispatch relay module obtains key monitoring data of the entire mine's power system from the server, uploads it to the mine dispatch and command center system, and simultaneously receives coordination instructions from the mine dispatch and command center system, feeding them back to the power system for response and adjustment.

9. The coal mine power system operation status monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a printer and a mobile device. The printer is connected to the monitoring workstation and the cloud server through the mine ring network, and the mobile device is connected to the cloud server. The printer receives print task instructions sent by the monitoring workstation or server and outputs paper documents to provide physical data for operation and maintenance archiving, management approval, and accident review, including power system operation reports, fault analysis reports, and power supply design schemes. The mobile app obtains real-time key data and historical data queries of the power system from the cloud server to achieve remote and mobile supervision.

10. A method for monitoring the operating status of a coal mine power system, characterized in that, The method of the coal mine power system operation status monitoring system based on any one of claims 1-9 specifically includes: S1. The high-explosive switch microcomputer protection device and low-voltage switch in the mine's central substation and mining area substation collect electrical parameters and status data. After preliminary verification and processing by the mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation, the data is uploaded to the ground server through the mine ring network. The data from the ground substation is also uploaded synchronously through the mine ring network. At the same time, the GPS time synchronization module periodically sends time to the server to calibrate the time of the power data of the entire mine. S2. The server processes the received data in real time, utilizes the distributed network protection function of the high-explosive switch, and combines electrical parameters and status data to collaboratively identify short-circuit faults, triggering zero-delay disconnection to achieve anti-level tripping; extracts power data of equipment in each area to calculate energy consumption, compares it with indicators to mark overruns and conducts trace analysis; calls power supply design software as needed, combines real-time / historical power data, inputs load parameters and automatically generates power supply design schemes. S3, the monitoring workstation obtains data from the server and displays the real-time operating status of the entire mine's power system, supporting maintenance personnel to query historical data and issue control commands; the cloud server pushes key data to the mobile APP according to permissions; the server pushes key data to the mine dispatch and command center to realize cross-system collaborative analysis and command feedback, and complete multi-terminal data interaction. S4. Control commands are generated at the monitoring workstation / mobile terminal. After the server verifies the permissions and device status, the commands are sent to the underground mine explosion-proof power monitoring substation through the ring network. The substation forwards the commands to the target device. After the device executes the commands, it sends back the results. The server records and updates the terminal display, forming a closed loop of command execution. S5. Maintenance personnel regularly check on-site equipment and system data through monitoring workstations, calibrate deviations, and check equipment status; technicians analyze operational data, optimize algorithms, and replace outdated equipment. Meanwhile, the server backs up data to the cloud server and archives it locally on a regular basis to ensure system stability and data security.

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