Ankle operation distraction device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical surgical instruments, in particular to an ankle surgery dilator which comprises a distraction clamp, a clamp handle is arranged at the tail end of the distraction clamp, a sliding assembly used for adjusting the distraction angle of the distraction clamp is arranged below the distraction clamp, and the bottom of the sliding assembly is fixedly connected with a limiting assembly used for limiting the distraction clamp. The sliding assembly comprises two sliding blocks, and the tops of the two sliding blocks are fixedly connected with the bottoms of the two plier handles respectively. The limiting assembly comprises a transverse plate, a sliding groove is formed in the top of the transverse plate, the sliding blocks are located in the sliding groove and slidably connected with the sliding groove, and first locking assemblies used for locking the sliding blocks are installed at the two ends in the transverse plate. The bottom of the limiting assembly is fixedly connected with a height adjusting assembly used for adjusting the height of the opening clamp. The bottom of the height adjusting assembly is fixedly connected with a supporting assembly used for supporting the height adjusting assembly. The ankle operation dilator can be independently supported and is stable in use, holding of medical staff is reduced, labor cost is reduced, and operation safety is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical surgical instruments, specifically to a foot and ankle surgical retractor. Background Technology

[0002] The foot and ankle region has a complex anatomy, containing multiple small bones, joints, and ligaments, resulting in limited surgical space. For example, open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures requires full exposure of the fracture ends to achieve precise reduction, while complex cases such as calcaneal fractures necessitate the use of a retractor to restore joint surface height and shape. Furthermore, foot and ankle deformity correction and joint fusion surgeries also rely on retractors to provide a stable operating space; foot and ankle surgical retractors are medical devices used in foot and ankle surgery to assist in exposing the surgical field and stabilizing tissues.

[0003] Existing equipment, such as Kirschner wire retractors, typically consists of left and right handles hinged together by a pivot. The head is equipped with a retractor guide sleeve, and its needle holes are designed as strip-shaped holes formed by the intersection of parallel cylindrical holes, which can accommodate Kirschner wires of different diameters. By pressing the handles, the surgical incision is opened, which helps to expose the surgical field so that medical staff can carry out subsequent operations.

[0004] However, in foot and ankle surgery, the aforementioned devices lack an independent and stable system and cannot autonomously adapt to the complex skeletal structure of the foot and ankle and changes in surgical positioning. They must be manually operated by medical staff throughout the entire procedure. During surgery, medical staff must maintain the same posture for extended periods, meticulously adjusting the angle and position of the device within a confined surgical field. This continuous muscle tension easily leads to hand fatigue. As the surgery time increases, problems such as hand tremors and muscle spasms gradually worsen. Even experienced medical staff cannot avoid a decrease in operational precision due to physiological limitations, thus affecting the surgical procedure. Therefore, a foot and ankle surgical retractor is proposed that can provide independent and stable support, reducing the need for separate handling by medical staff, thereby reducing labor costs and improving surgical safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a foot and ankle surgical retractor for opening the incision and exposing the surgical field, while also featuring a built-in stabilization system to firmly support the retractor.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a foot and ankle surgical retractor, including a retractor forceps, a forceps handle at the end of the forceps, a sliding component for adjusting the retractor forceps opening angle at the bottom of the forceps, and a limiting component for limiting the forceps fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding component.

[0007] The sliding assembly includes two sliders, the tops of which are fixedly connected to the bottoms of two clamps, respectively;

[0008] The limiting component includes a horizontal plate with a groove at the top. All sliders are located in the groove and are slidably connected to it. First locking components for locking the sliders are installed at both ends inside the horizontal plate.

[0009] The bottom of the limiting component is fixedly connected to a height adjustment component for adjusting the height of the spreading clamps;

[0010] The bottom of the height adjustment component is fixedly connected to a support component for supporting the height adjustment component.

[0011] The technical principle of the above solution is as follows: the retractor is placed within the vertical range of the wound, the support component is fixed to the bed board or operating table, and the slider moves synchronously when the handle is held. After the wound is opened, the handle is locked by the slider of the first locking component, that is, the position of the retractor in opening the wound is locked, which avoids accidental contact during the operation that could cause the retractor to shift or fall. The foot and ankle surgery retractor has a built-in stabilization system to firmly support the retractor, which can be independently supported and stable, reducing the need for a single medical staff to handle it, thus reducing labor costs and improving surgical safety.

[0012] The above approach has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] 1. In this solution, traditional forceps often rely on single-handed operation or fixed gear adjustment. However, through the cooperation of double sliders and grooves, doctors can push the forceps handles synchronously or asynchronously with both hands to achieve continuous and stepless adjustment of the retraction angle (instead of fixed gear). This design is more in line with the complex anatomical structure of the foot and ankle (such as the irregular shape of the talus and calcaneus gap), avoiding over-retraction or under-retraction caused by gear limitation.

[0014] 2. In this approach, the conventional retractor has a fixed height, requiring an assistant to raise their arm or adjust the operating table height to accommodate different surgeons' heights or patients' positions, which can easily lead to fatigue or visual field deviation. The height adjustment component allows for rapid adjustment of the overall vertical height of the retractor, ensuring that the jaws are always at the surgeon's eye level or the optimal operating height, reducing neck and shoulder strain, and is especially suitable for long-term surgeries.

[0015] 3. In foot and ankle surgery, assistants often need to hold a retractor to maintain the angle, which takes up manpower and is prone to instability due to fatigue. This retractor has an integrated sliding-locking-support structure and can be independently fixed to the operating table. The surgeon can complete the adjustment and locking of the retractor angle by himself, freeing the assistant to perform other operations (such as suction and instrument transfer) and shorten the operation time.

[0016] Furthermore, each of the first locking components includes a roller, one end of which is rotatably connected to one side of the inner wall of the horizontal plate. A measuring tape is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the roller, and the other end of the measuring tape is fixedly connected to the bottom of the corresponding slider. A locking rod corresponding to the roller is slidably connected to the side of the horizontal plate away from the roller. A locking groove is opened on the inner wall of the roller, and a locking block located inside the horizontal plate is provided on the locking rod. An anti-slip sleeve is provided at the contact point between the locking block and the locking groove.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The measuring tape has angle markings (pre-made markings based on the geometric conversion between the distance the slider moves and the opening angle), instead of the length markings of a traditional measuring tape; the millimeter-level accuracy of the measuring tape can assist surgeons in making sub-millimeter-level angle adjustments; for example, in ankle fusion surgery, if it is necessary to adjust the opening angle from 12° to 13°, precise control can be achieved by moving the measuring tape by one scale (e.g., 0.5° per 1mm), while traditional locking devices (such as spring clips) may not meet the requirements due to excessively large intervals (e.g., 5° intervals); the anti-slip sleeve further enhances the locking effect of the locking block on the roller.

[0018] Furthermore, the height adjustment component includes a telescopic rod that extends through the bottom wall of the horizontal plate into the interior of the horizontal plate and is slidably connected to the bottom wall of the horizontal plate. A second locking component for locking the height of the telescopic rod is sleeved on the telescopic rod and located inside the horizontal plate.

[0019] Beneficial effects: Foot and ankle surgeries often require adjusting the height of the retractor according to the patient's position (such as supine or lateral decubitus) or surgical approach (such as medial or lateral incision). For example, during anterior ankle fusion, the retractor needs to be raised to expose the distal tibia and talus space; when treating calcaneal fractures, the retractor height needs to be lowered to be close to the operating area on the sole of the foot. The telescopic rod can adjust the overall height of the retractor according to the surgeon's height or sitting posture, so that the position of the forceps handle matches the surgeon's natural grip height. Combined with the retraction angle adjustment of the sliding component, two-dimensional spatial positioning of "height + angle" can be achieved.

[0020] Furthermore, the support assembly includes a base plate, with support rods fixedly connected to both ends of the top of the base plate, and the other end of each support rod fixedly connected to the bottom end of a telescopic rod.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The base plate and the two support rods form an inverted triangular support system. The bottom edge (base plate) provides a lateral support surface, and the two sides (support rods) decompose the vertical load (such as the pressure of the clamp) into lateral friction force and longitudinal support force through the tilt angle.

[0022] Furthermore, a fixing component for securing the base plate is installed on the base plate.

[0023] Beneficial effects: Fixing the base plate, i.e., fixing the entire retractor, reduces the possibility of the retractor moving due to accidental touch by the surgeon during the operation.

[0024] Furthermore, the fixing component includes a strap, which is fixedly connected to one side of the base plate, and a fixing block for locking the strap is fixedly connected to the other side of the base plate.

[0025] Beneficial effects: The straps can be made of nylon Velcro straps (tensile strength ≥150N) or elastic silicone straps, and can be wrapped around the edges of round, arc-shaped or grooved operating tables (such as the cylindrical bed frame of orthopedic traction beds).

[0026] Furthermore, each locking rod is fixedly connected with a limiting plate for reinforcing the slider. When the locking rod is not locked, the limiting plate is at the same horizontal height as the slider and fits against the inner wall of the horizontal plate.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The limiting plate is designed as an L-shaped structure perpendicular to the bottom surface of the slider at 90°. When the locking rod is inserted into the positioning hole of the measuring tape, the limiting plate is close to the side of the slider, forming a horizontal obstruction, which further strengthens the fixation of the slider.

[0028] Furthermore, a sleeve for reinforcing the telescopic rod is fitted onto the telescopic rod, and the top of the sleeve is detachably connected to the bottom of the cross plate.

[0029] Beneficial effects: The sleeve (usually made of metal with a wall thickness of 1.5-3mm) fits tightly onto the outside of the telescopic rod, forming a composite structure of "sleeve + inner rod", which increases the bending strength of the telescopic rod by 40%-60%.

[0030] Furthermore, the second locking component includes an iris locking mechanism, with an actuation block at the top of the iris locking mechanism, the iris locking mechanism being sleeved on the telescopic rod, and the bottom of the iris locking mechanism being fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the horizontal plate.

[0031] Beneficial effects: The iris locking mechanism consists of multiple elastic flaps (usually 6-8 flaps). During locking, it uniformly clamps the telescopic rod circumferentially through circumferential contraction (radial displacement of 0.5-1.2mm), avoiding the eccentric force caused by traditional single-point locking (such as bolt tightening). Test data shows that the torsional torque of the iris locking mechanism can reach 8 N·m, which is 3.2 times that of single-point bolt locking (2.5 N·m), making it particularly suitable for vibration-resistant applications (such as industrial robotic arms).

[0032] Furthermore, a contact block that can contact the starting block is fixedly connected to one side of the bottom of the limiting plate, and the starting block is located in the movement trajectory of the contact block.

[0033] Beneficial effects: When the limiting plate moves to the preset position with the slider, the contact block (usually a raised structure, 3-5mm high) automatically presses against the elastic flap of the iris locking mechanism, simultaneously completing the two actions of "slider positioning + iris locking mechanism locking". For example, in an operating table lifting system, after the doctor pushes the slider into place, the contact block directly triggers the iris locking mechanism to retract and lock, eliminating the need for additional knob operation and improving efficiency by 50%.

[0034] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of an embodiment of the foot and ankle surgical retractor of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a front sectional view of an embodiment of the foot and ankle surgical retractor of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a top sectional view of the horizontal plate of an embodiment of the foot and ankle surgical spreader of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the iris locking mechanism in an embodiment of the foot and ankle surgical spreader of the present invention.

[0039] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual include: 1. Spreading pliers; 2. Pliers handle; 3. Horizontal plate; 4. Slide groove; 5. Telescopic rod; 6. Base plate; 7. Support rod; 8. Slider; 9. Measuring tape; 10. Iris locking mechanism; 51. Sleeve; 61. Strap; 62. Fixing block; 90. Roller; 91. Locking rod; 92. Limiting plate; 93. Contact block; 101. Starting block; 901. Locking groove; 911. Locking block. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0043] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0044] Example 1:

[0045] As attached Figure 1 As shown: A foot and ankle surgical retractor includes a retractor forceps 1, with a handle 2 at the end of the forceps 1. A sliding component for adjusting the retractor forceps 1's opening angle is located below the forceps 1. This sliding structure allows for continuous adjustment of the forceps 1's angle, providing more precise control compared to traditional fixed-position adjustments, meeting the accurate angle requirements in different scenarios. (See attached diagram.) Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the sliding assembly includes two sliders 8, the tops of which are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the two clamp handles 2 respectively. When the clamp handles 2 move, they drive the sliders 8 to slide. Directly connecting the sliders 8 to the clamp handles 2 ensures effective force transmission, allowing the sliders 8 to slide synchronously and stably within a defined track when the operator applies force by gripping the clamp handles 2, thereby realizing the opening and closing action of the clamps 1. This direct connection method reduces energy loss during the energy transmission process and improves the sensitivity of operation. The bottom of the sliding assembly is fixedly connected to a limiting component for limiting the opening and closing trajectory of the clamps 1. The limiting component includes a horizontal plate 3, the top of which has a groove 4. The sliders 8 are all located in the groove 4 and are slidably connected to the groove 4. Through the structural design of the horizontal plate 3 and the groove 4, the movement trajectory of the sliders 8 is precisely constrained, ensuring that the clamps 1 maintain a stable movement path during the opening and closing process, avoiding shaking or deviation, thereby improving the stability and accuracy of operation.

[0046] After the retractor 1 opens the wound to the appropriate position, its position and opening angle need to be fixed. Traditionally, the retractor 1 requires additional medical personnel to fix it during use so the surgeon can perform subsequent procedures. Manual fixation is easily affected by operator fatigue, hand tremors, or changes in posture, making it difficult to maintain an absolutely stable opening angle and position for extended periods. This can lead to subtle changes in the wound's opening state, affecting the precision of the surgical procedure. To solve this problem, both ends of the transverse plate 3 are equipped with a first locking component for locking the slider 8. Once the retractor 1 is adjusted to the required opening angle, the slider 8 needs to be reliably locked to prevent it from sliding due to external forces during use. To ensure the stability of the spreading clamp 1 in its set working state and guarantee operational safety and reliability, the first locking assembly includes a roller 90. One end of each roller 90 is rotatably connected to one side of the inner wall of the horizontal plate 3. A measuring tape 9 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of each roller 90, and the other end of each measuring tape 9 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the corresponding slider 8. A locking rod 91 corresponding to the roller 90 is slidably connected to the side of the horizontal plate 3 away from the roller 90. A locking groove 901 is opened on the inner wall of each roller 90, and a locking block 911 located inside the horizontal plate 3 is provided on each locking rod 91. When the locking block 911 is not fully engaged in the locking groove 901, the locking may be incomplete, and the locking block 911 and the locking groove 901 may become misaligned. Anti-slip sleeves are provided at all contact points to increase friction and enhance the locking effect of locking block 911 on roller 90. Measuring tape 9 is stretchable and flexible, allowing it to extend and retract freely with slider 8. Simultaneously, it provides sufficient tension to fix slider 8 when locking is required. This characteristic of measuring tape 9 allows the locking assembly to adapt to different opening angles and reliably lock at any position. After measuring tape 9 is stretched to the required length, pressing locking lever 91 locks roller 90, thus fixing measuring tape 9 and preventing it from retracting, thereby locking slider 8. Since slider 8 is only subjected to force from measuring tape 9 in one direction, movement in other directions is not possible. The position of the slider 8 is completely locked, which in turn affects the opening angle of the clamp 1. To reduce the occurrence of this situation, each locking rod 91 is fixedly connected with a limiting plate 92 to strengthen the fixation of the slider 8. When the locking rod 91 is not locked, the limiting plate 92 is at the same horizontal height as the slider 8 and is attached to the inner wall of the horizontal plate 3, further enhancing the locking effect. When the locking rod 91 is pressed, the limiting plate 92 moves closer to the slider 8 and finally completely abuts against the slider 8. Through the cooperation of the limiting plate 92 and the locking rod 91, the friction between the slider 8 and the slide groove 4 can be increased, thereby improving the stability of the lock and effectively preventing the slider 8 from undergoing slight displacement when subjected to large external forces, ensuring the safety and reliability of the clamp 1 during operation.

[0047] Due to variations in surgical site depth and surgeon's operational needs, the required vertical position of the retractor forceps 1 differs. To ensure the wound opening height matches the surgical operating plane and improve surgical convenience and precision, a height adjustment component is fixedly connected to the bottom of the limiting assembly for adjusting the height of the retractor forceps 1. This component includes a telescopic rod 5, which extends through the bottom wall of the horizontal plate 3 and slides within it. The telescopic rod 5 allows for continuous height adjustment of the retractor forceps 1, adapting to different patient body characteristics and diverse surgical scenarios compared to a fixed-height structure. Since the telescopic rod 5 may slide during surgery due to external forces or equipment vibration, a second locking component is fitted onto the telescopic rod 5 within the horizontal plate 3 to lock its height. (See attached...) Figure 4 As shown, the second locking component includes an iris locking mechanism 10. The top of the iris locking mechanism 10 is provided with a starting block 101. The iris locking mechanism 10 is sleeved on the telescopic rod 5. The bottom of the iris locking mechanism 10 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the horizontal plate 3. A contact block 93 that can contact the starting block 101 is fixedly connected to one side of the bottom of a limiting plate 92. The starting block 101 is located in the movement trajectory of the contact block 93. The iris locking mechanism 10 is used as a locking device because the iris locking mechanism 10 has good radial contraction and expansion capabilities. It can reliably lock the telescopic rod 5 through uniformly distributed pressure. When the opening clamp 1 is adjusted to the required height, the contact block 93 touches the starting block 101 with the movement of the limiting plate 92, thereby triggering the iris locking mechanism 10, causing it to contract and hug the telescopic rod 5, thereby achieving height locking. This design links the locking of the slider 8 with the locking of the telescopic rod 5, simplifies the operation process, and improves the efficiency of the equipment.

[0048] The bottom of the height adjustment component is fixedly connected to a support assembly for supporting the height adjustment component. The support assembly includes a base plate 6, with support rods 7 fixedly connected to both ends of the top of the base plate 6. The other end of each support rod 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of a telescopic rod 5. The base plate 6, through contact with the operating table or other supporting surfaces, distributes the weight of the equipment and the external forces generated during the operation, ensuring that the equipment will not tip over or shake due to uneven force. The support rods 7 connect the base plate 6 and the telescopic rod 5 into a rigid structure, enhancing the stability and load-bearing capacity of the entire support system and ensuring that the dilator 1 remains stable under various operating conditions. In summary, the dilator 1 can not only flexibly adjust the dilator angle but also precisely control the height position and remain stable and reliable during the operation, providing the surgeon with more convenient and precise surgical conditions. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for multiple medical personnel to stabilize the instrument, reducing labor costs and improving surgical safety.

[0049] The specific implementation process is as follows: When foot and ankle surgery is required, the wound usually needs to be opened to expose the surgical field. At this time, the retractor is taken out, and the base plate 6 of the support component is fixed to the operating table or other stable support surface. The retractor forceps 1 is adjusted to the approximate surgical height by means of the telescopic rod 5. Then, the surgeon holds the forceps handle 2 and slides the slider 8 of the sliding component in the slide groove 4, which drives the retractor forceps 1 to open and close, so as to achieve continuous and precise adjustment of the wound opening angle. The direct connection between the slider 8 and the forceps handle 2 ensures efficient transmission of operating force and improves the adjustment sensitivity. After adjusting to the target angle, the locking rod 91 is pressed, and the locking block 911 is inserted into the corresponding roller 90. The measuring tape 90 is locked in the locking groove 901, thus locking the measuring tape 9. The elasticity of the measuring tape 9 ensures that it can be locked at any angle. While the locking rod 91 locks the measuring tape 9, the limiting plate 92 simultaneously presses the slider 8, making the slider 8 tightly adhere to the side wall of the slide groove 4. By increasing the friction between the slider 8 and the slide groove 4, displacement of the slider 8 is prevented, achieving multi-angle locking of the slider 8. When the limiting plate 92 is in place with the slider 8, the contact block 93 pushes the starting block 101 to trigger the radial contraction of the iris locking mechanism 10, gripping the telescopic rod 5 and completing the height locking. This linkage design simplifies the operation process and avoids secondary locking steps. After the equipment is locked, the surgeon can directly perform the operation without additional manual fixation. The rigid structure of the support components and the stable support of the base plate 6 ensure that the retractor maintains positional accuracy during long-term operation, ensuring the safety of the operation.

[0050] Stability test process of the clamp locking mechanism

[0051] • Experimental Objective

[0052] This experiment aims to verify the stability and reliability of the locking components of the retractor forceps in foot and ankle surgery retractors. Specifically, the performance of the first locking component (used to lock the slider position and prevent changes in the retraction angle) and the second locking component (used to lock the height of the telescopic rod and prevent vertical displacement) under simulated surgical conditions was tested. The ability of the locking mechanism to withstand external forces and maintain a fixed position for an extended period was evaluated, ensuring that the retractor forceps do not wobble or shift during surgery.

[0053] Experimental materials

[0054] Foot and ankle surgery retractor (structure as described: including retractor forceps, forceps handle, sliding component, limiting component, height adjustment component and support component).

[0055] Simulated operating table (base plate used to fix the support components).

[0056] Force application devices (such as spring balances or weights) are used to apply horizontal external forces to simulate the operational forces during surgery.

[0057] Displacement measuring tools (such as laser displacement sensors or micrometers with an accuracy of 0.01 mm).

[0058] Angle measuring tools (such as digital protractors).

[0059] Time recorder (used to monitor long-term stability).

[0060] Safety protective equipment (such as gloves and goggles).

[0061] Experimental methods

[0062] The experiment was based on the design principles of the retractor (such as the linkage mechanism of the sliding component, height adjustment component, and locking component described in the description) to simulate a real surgical scenario. The test consisted of two parts: the first part verified the stability of the slider locking (first locking component); the second part verified the stability of the height locking (second locking component); and finally, a comprehensive test was conducted to evaluate the overall fixation effect. All operations followed medical device testing standards (such as ISO 13485) to ensure the safety and reliability of the experiment.

[0063] Experimental steps

[0064] 1. Initial settings:

[0065] Fix the base plate of the support assembly of the expander to the simulated operating table, ensuring that the base plate is in stable contact with the table surface and that the support rod and telescopic rod are firmly connected.

[0066] Use the telescopic rod to adjust the retractor forceps to the preset height (e.g., 30mm, representing typical surgical depth). Record the initial height value.

[0067] Operate the forceps handles and slide the slider within the groove to adjust the forceps to the target opening angle (e.g., 45°, representing the common wound opening requirement). Use an angle measuring tool to confirm the angle accuracy.

[0068] 2. Locking mechanism activated:

[0069] Activate the first locking component: Press the locking lever to lock the measuring tape, while the limit plate presses the slider. Record the operating force of the locking lever and the tension of the measuring tape.

[0070] Synchronous triggering of the second locking component: When the limit plate is in position, the contact block activates the iris locking mechanism, causing it to retract radially and grip the telescopic rod. Record the retraction force of the iris locking mechanism.

[0071] Confirm the locked state: Use a displacement measuring tool to check the slider position and telescopic rod height to ensure there is no initial displacement.

[0072] 3. Stability Test:

[0073] External force test (horizontal direction): Apply a horizontal external force (simulating operator's force or accidental collision) to the clamp handle using a force application device. Gradually increase the external force (0N, 10N, 20N, 30N), holding each application for 10 seconds, and record the displacement of the slider (unit: mm) using a displacement measuring tool. Repeat 3 times and take the average value.

[0074] External force test (vertical direction): Apply a vertical downward external force (simulating the weight or pressure of the instrument) to the spreading clamp, gradually increasing it from 0N to 30N, and record the change in the height of the telescopic rod.

[0075] Long-term stability test: Keep the locked state for 60 minutes (simulating the duration of surgery), record the slider position and telescopic rod height every 10 minutes, and monitor with a time recorder.

[0076] 4. Evaluation Indicators:

[0077] Stability standard: A displacement change ≤0.1mm or an angle change ≤0.5° is considered a valid lock (based on the precision requirements of surgical instruments).

[0078] Failure determination: If the displacement exceeds the standard or the locking component becomes loose, it is recorded as a failure.

[0079] • Test Results

[0080] 1. During the external force test, the slider displacement should be kept within 0.1mm and the angle change should not exceed 0.5°, indicating that the first locking component (measuring tape and limit plate) effectively prevents slippage by increasing friction and multi-angle constraints.

[0081] Table 1: Horizontal External Force Test Data for the First Locking Component (Slider Lock)

[0082]

[0083] 2. The height change of the telescopic rod should not exceed 0.1mm, indicating that the radial contraction of the second locking component (iris locking mechanism structure) provides uniform pressure to achieve reliable height locking.

[0084] Table 2: Vertical External Force Test Data for the Second Locking Component (Height Locking)

[0085]

[0086] 3. During long-term testing, there should be no significant drift in position and height, proving that the linkage locking mechanism is stable under continuous load.

[0087] Table 3: Long-term stability test data of the locking mechanism

[0088]

[0089] Experimental conclusions

[0090] In summary, during the horizontal force test, the maximum average displacement was 0.09 mm (at 30 N), which did not exceed the standard of 0.1 mm; during the vertical force test, the maximum average height change was 0.08 mm (at 30 N), which met the requirement of ≤0.1 mm; during the long-term test, the slider displacement and height change did not exceed 0.03 mm within 60 minutes, with no significant drift, verifying the continuous stability of the locking mechanism.

[0091] This experiment confirms the reliability of the retractor locking mechanism under simulated surgical conditions: the first locking component, through the cooperation of the measuring tape and the limiting plate, provides multi-angle fixation and effectively resists horizontal external forces; the second locking component, through the linkage of the iris locking mechanism and the contact block, ensures high stability. The overall fixation effect meets the precision requirements of surgery and reduces manual intervention.

[0092] Example 2:

[0093] As attached Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that during foot and ankle surgery, the retractor needs to maintain a stable posture for a long time. If the base plate 6 is not firmly fixed, slight touches or the reaction force of instrument operation during the operation may cause the entire device to slide or shake, directly affecting the accuracy of the retraction angle and height, and even interfering with the surgical field of vision. In order to reduce the occurrence of this situation and further enhance the stability of the retractor, a fixing component for fixing the base plate 6 is installed on the base plate 6. The fixing component includes a strap 61, which is fixedly connected to one side of the base plate 6. A fixing block 62 for locking the strap 61 is fixedly connected to the other side of the base plate 6. The flexible structure of the strap 61 can wrap around supports of different shapes (such as operating table railings and special brackets). By adjusting the wrapping angle and tension, a tight fit can be achieved. Compared with rigid connection methods such as bolt fixing, the strap 61 is more convenient to put on and take off, which can shorten the preoperative preparation time.

[0094] The specific implementation process is as follows: Before fixing the spreader, check the connection status between the strap 61 and the fixing block 62, confirm that the strap 61 is undamaged and the locking mechanism of the fixing block 62 is flexible and reliable. Place the base plate 6 stably on the edge of the operating table or a special bracket, ensuring that the supporting surface is flat and can bear the weight of the equipment. Adjust the position of the base plate 6 so that the spreader 1 is aligned with the surgical site. Pull the strap 61 out from one side of the base plate 6 and wrap it around the operating table railing or support. Slowly tighten the strap 61 through the one-way locking structure of the fixing block 62 (such as a ratchet buckle). At the same time, observe the fit between the base plate 6 and the supporting surface to ensure that the tension of the strap 61 is uniform and to avoid the base plate 6 from warping or tilting.

[0095] Example 3:

[0096] As attached Figure 2As shown, the difference from Embodiment 2 is that the telescopic rod 5 is prone to bending deformation when bearing the lateral force of the forceps 1 and surgical instruments (especially when the extension length is large). To reduce the possibility of this happening, a sleeve 51 for reinforcing the telescopic rod 5 is sleeved on the telescopic rod 5. The top of the sleeve 51 is detachably connected to the bottom of the cross plate 3. The sleeve 51 increases the bending resistance by 2-3 times by increasing the moment of inertia of the cross section of the telescopic rod 5.

[0097] The specific implementation process is as follows: When installing the spreader, the sleeve 51 is put on the outside of the telescopic rod 5 and fixed to the bottom of the horizontal plate 3 to strengthen the support of the telescopic rod 5 and prevent the telescopic rod 5 from bending and deforming due to excessive force during the operation.

[0098] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A foot and ankle surgical retractor, comprising retractor forceps (1), characterized in that, The end of the spreading pliers (1) is provided with a pliers handle (2), and a sliding component for adjusting the spreading angle of the spreading pliers (1) is provided below the spreading pliers (1). A limiting component for limiting the spreading pliers (1) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding component. The sliding assembly includes two sliders (8), the tops of which are fixedly connected to the bottoms of two clamps (2); The limiting component includes a horizontal plate (3), the top of the horizontal plate (3) has a groove (4), the sliders (8) are all located in the groove (4) and are slidably connected to the groove (4), and the two ends inside the horizontal plate (3) are equipped with a first locking component for locking the sliders (8); The bottom of the limiting component is fixedly connected to a height adjustment component for adjusting the height of the spreading clamp (1); The bottom of the height adjustment component is fixedly connected to a support component for supporting the height adjustment component.

2. The foot and ankle surgical retractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first locking assembly includes a roller (90), one end of which is rotatably connected to one side of the inner wall of the horizontal plate (3). A measuring tape (9) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the roller (90), and the other end of the measuring tape (9) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the corresponding slider (8). A locking rod (91) corresponding to the roller (90) is slidably connected to the side of the horizontal plate (3) away from the roller (90). A locking groove (901) is opened on the inner wall of the roller (90). A locking block (911) located in the horizontal plate (3) is provided on the locking rod (91). An anti-slip sleeve is provided at the contact point between the locking block (911) and the locking groove (901).

3. The foot and ankle surgical retractor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The height adjustment component includes a telescopic rod (5), which extends through the bottom wall of the horizontal plate (3) into the interior of the horizontal plate (3) and is slidably connected to the bottom wall of the horizontal plate (3). A second locking component for locking the height of the telescopic rod (5) is sleeved on the telescopic rod (5) and located inside the horizontal plate (3).

4. The foot and ankle surgical retractor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support assembly includes a base plate (6), with support rods (7) fixedly connected to both ends of the top of the base plate (6), and the other end of each support rod (7) fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic rod (5).

5. The foot and ankle surgical retractor according to claim 4, characterized in that, A fixing component for fixing the base plate (6) is installed on the base plate (6).

6. The foot and ankle surgical retractor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fixing components include a strap (61), which is fixedly connected to one side of the base plate (6), and a fixing block (62) for locking the strap (61) is fixedly connected to the other side of the base plate (6).

7. The foot and ankle surgical retractor according to claim 6, characterized in that, Each locking rod (91) is fixedly connected with a limiting plate (92) for strengthening the fixation of the slider (8). When the locking rod (91) is not locked, the limiting plate (92) is at the same horizontal height as the slider (8) and fits against the inner wall of the horizontal plate (3).

8. The foot and ankle surgical retractor according to claim 7, characterized in that, A sleeve (51) for reinforcing the telescopic rod (5) is fitted on the telescopic rod (5), and the top of the sleeve (51) is detachably connected to the bottom of the horizontal plate (3).

9. The foot and ankle surgical retractor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second locking component includes an iris locking mechanism (10), with a starting block (101) on the top of the iris locking mechanism (10), the iris locking mechanism (10) being sleeved on the telescopic rod (5), and the bottom of the iris locking mechanism (10) being fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the horizontal plate (3).

10. The foot and ankle surgical retractor according to claim 9, characterized in that, One of the limiting plates (92) has a fixed connection to a contact block (93) on one side of its bottom, which is able to contact the starting block (101), and the starting block (101) is located in the movement trajectory of the contact block (93).

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