Photo-thermal catalyst, photo-thermal catalysis module and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a photo-thermal catalyst, a photo-thermal catalysis module and application thereof. The photo-thermal catalyst comprises a photocatalytic material; the photocatalytic material is loaded with a carbon material and noble metal; wherein the mass ratio of the carbon material to the photocatalytic material is (3-15): 100; the molar ratio of the noble metal to the photocatalytic material is (0.5-10): 1000; the photocatalytic material at least comprises titanium dioxide. The photo-thermal catalyst disclosed by the invention is high in catalytic activity and strong in adsorption capacity, can mildly remove pollutants such as volatile organic compounds and ammonia gas, can be used for multiple times, is not easy to inactivate, can be applied to preparation of a photo-thermal catalytic module or an air treatment device, and has a very wide application prospect in air purification, particularly indoor air purification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of catalysis technology, and in particular to a photothermal catalyst, a photothermal catalytic module, and their applications. Background Technology

[0002] Indoor odors are primarily caused by pollutants in indoor air, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ammonia. Currently, there is a lack of practical solutions on the market that can completely degrade these pollutants. Most existing technologies use adsorbents such as activated carbon to adsorb indoor pollutants, but this only transfers and enriches these pollutants within the pores of the adsorbent; it doesn't fundamentally degrade them completely, and the pollutants still risk desorbing into the air. Other conventional photocatalysts for catalytic oxidation of indoor pollutants still suffer from low removal efficiency and are prone to poisoning and deactivation. Therefore, there is currently a lack of catalysts on the market that can gently degrade VOCs and ammonia indoors, and that are reusable without easily deactivating. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] This invention utilizes a photocatalyst made by loading carbon materials and noble metals onto a photocatalyst. The photocatalyst can oxidize and degrade pollutants, the carbon material provides the catalyst with a certain adsorption capacity for pollutants, and the noble metal enhances the catalytic activity. This photocatalyst exhibits high adsorption capacity and catalytic activity, can gently remove pollutants such as volatile organic compounds or ammonia, can be used multiple times without easily becoming deactivated, and has a very broad application prospect in air purification, especially indoor air purification.

[0005] Therefore, one of the objectives of this invention is to provide a photothermal catalyst that can gently degrade pollutants such as volatile organic compounds or ammonia indoors, with good removal efficiency and high stability, and can be applied to indoor air purification.

[0006] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned photothermal catalyst.

[0007] The third objective of this invention is to provide a photothermal catalytic module.

[0008] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide an air treatment device.

[0009] The fifth objective of this invention is to provide applications of the aforementioned photothermal catalyst, photothermal catalytic module, or air treatment device.

[0010] A first aspect of the present invention provides a photothermal catalyst, comprising a photocatalytic material;

[0011] The photocatalytic material is loaded with carbon materials and noble metals;

[0012] The mass ratio of the carbon material to the photocatalytic material is (3-15):100;

[0013] The molar ratio of the noble metal to the photocatalytic material is (0.5-10):1000;

[0014] The photocatalytic material includes at least titanium dioxide.

[0015] The photothermal catalyst according to embodiments of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The photothermal catalyst of this invention uses titanium dioxide as a photocatalytic material matrix, loaded with a specific proportion of carbon materials and noble metals. Titanium dioxide can oxidize and degrade indoor air pollutants, the carbon materials provide the catalyst with pollutant adsorption capacity, and the noble metals enhance the catalytic reaction activity. This photothermal catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity and strong adsorption capacity, effectively removing volatile organic compounds or ammonia, gently removing odors indoors, and can be used multiple times without easily becoming deactivated.

[0017] Furthermore, when this photothermal catalyst is used in conjunction with ultraviolet and infrared light sources, it can significantly improve the catalyst's ability to remove pollutants indoors, and the catalyst also exhibits high stability.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon material includes at least one selected from graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, carbon fibers, mesoporous carbon, and graphitic carbon nitride. These types of carbon materials have high specific surface areas and can provide the catalyst with a certain pollutant adsorption capacity.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the noble metal includes at least one selected from platinum, palladium, and rhodium. Using these types of noble metals can enhance the catalytic activity of the photothermal catalyst and effectively promote the degradation of volatile organic compounds or ammonia.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the photocatalytic material is titanium dioxide, or a combination of titanium dioxide with at least one of zirconium dioxide, ferric oxide, tungsten trioxide, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, and molybdenum sulfide. These types of photocatalytic materials exhibit good photocatalytic function and high chemical stability, and can effectively catalytically oxidize and degrade pollutants.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the photothermal catalyst is in powder form. Powdered photothermal catalysts can be flexibly loaded onto carriers with high airflow and low air resistance, making them convenient to use and applicable to a wide range of scenarios.

[0022] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the photothermal catalyst described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0023] The photothermal catalyst is obtained by mixing a mixture of photocatalytic material and noble metal source with a carbon material liquid and then carrying out a hydrothermal reaction.

[0024] The method for preparing the photothermal catalyst according to embodiments of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The photothermal catalyst preparation method of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, and suitable for large-scale production applications.

[0026] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the noble metal source includes at least one selected from potassium chloroplatinate (K₂PtCl₄), potassium chloroplatinate, chloroplatinic acid, ammonium tetrachloroplatinate, platinum acetylacetonate, palladium chloride, sodium tetrachloropalladate, palladium acetylacetonate, rhodium chloride, ammonium hexachlororhodiumate, and rhodium acetylacetonate. These types of noble metal precursors are widely available and can be used to prepare photothermal catalysts with good catalytic activity.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 105°C to 130°C.

[0028] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the hydrothermal reaction time is 18h to 30h.

[0029] By using the above-mentioned hydrothermal process conditions, a photothermal catalyst product with good air pollutant removal effect can be obtained.

[0030] A third aspect of the present invention provides a photothermal catalytic module, including a carrier and a light source;

[0031] The carrier is loaded with the photothermal catalyst described in the first aspect of the present invention;

[0032] The light source includes ultraviolet light sources and infrared light sources.

[0033] The photothermal catalytic module according to embodiments of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0034] The photothermal catalytic module of this invention uses a carrier supporting the photothermal catalyst and is used in conjunction with an ultraviolet light source and an infrared light source. This can significantly improve the effect of the catalyst in removing volatile organic compounds or ammonia indoors. Under the same test conditions, the initial test effect is 2.66 times that of general commercial photocatalysts, and the catalyst stability is much higher than that of general commercial catalysts in multiple tests.

[0035] Specifically, by using an ultraviolet (UV) light source, the catalyst can be excited and given energy, enabling the separation of holes and electrons while giving photogenerated holes strong oxidizing properties. Infrared (IR) light source, on the other hand, can heat the catalyst, thereby improving the activity and rate of photocatalytic reaction.

[0036] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the carrier includes at least one of aluminum honeycomb, paper honeycomb, plastic honeycomb, and ceramic honeycomb. These honeycomb carriers have a large specific surface area, can flexibly load photothermal catalysts, and have low wind resistance, making them suitable for applications with high air volume.

[0037] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ultraviolet irradiance of the ultraviolet light source is 100 mW / cm². 2 ~1000mW / cm 2 Such an intensity of ultraviolet radiation can ensure the effectiveness of the catalyst activation.

[0038] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the infrared irradiance of the infrared light source is 400 mW / cm². 2 ~1500mW / cm 2 Such an intensity of infrared irradiation can ensure the heating effect of the catalyst, thereby improving the photocatalytic reaction activity and rate.

[0039] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the light source is a lamp panel containing ultraviolet and infrared LEDs. Using a lamp panel with ultraviolet and infrared LEDs as the light source can significantly improve the effect of photothermal catalysts in removing volatile organic compounds or ammonia indoors.

[0040] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the lamp panel further includes a perforated area. By providing the perforated area, airflow can be ensured to pass through the lamp panel.

[0041] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides an air treatment device, including the photothermal catalyst described in the first aspect of the present invention, or the photothermal catalytic module described in the third aspect of the present invention.

[0042] The air handling apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0043] The air treatment device of the present invention contains the above-mentioned photothermal catalyst or photothermal catalytic module, which can gently remove pollutants such as volatile organic compounds or ammonia. It has the advantages of high pollutant removal rate and good stability, and can achieve air purification. In particular, when applied to indoor air purification, it can effectively remove indoor odors.

[0044] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the air handling device is an air conditioner, an air purifier, an air humidifier, or a ventilator fan.

[0045] The fifth aspect of the present invention provides the application of the photothermal catalyst described in the first aspect of the present invention, or the photothermal catalytic module described in the third aspect of the present invention, or the air handling device described in the fourth aspect of the present invention in indoor air purification.

[0046] The application of the present invention, according to embodiments thereof, has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0047] The present invention uses the above-mentioned photothermal catalyst, photothermal catalytic module or air treatment device for indoor air purification, which can gently remove indoor odors, effectively degrade pollutants and remove them well.

[0048] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the indoor air purification includes the removal of volatile organic compounds or ammonia from the indoor environment. The photothermal catalyst, photothermal catalytic module, or air handling device of the present invention can remove pollutants such as volatile organic compounds or ammonia, effectively removing indoor odors and exhibiting high stability.

[0049] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the indoor air purification includes the removal of at least one of toluene, formaldehyde, and ammonia. By employing the photothermal catalyst, photothermal catalytic module, or air handling device of the present invention, indoor odors can be effectively removed, and indoor air pollutants such as toluene, formaldehyde, and ammonia can be degraded, exhibiting good removal effect and high stability.

[0050] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the photothermal catalyst is used at a temperature of 30°C to 55°C. Such an operating temperature can improve the catalytic activity and rate of the catalyst, while avoiding significant safety hazards caused by excessively high temperatures.

[0051] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a photothermal catalytic module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a light source according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of a photothermal catalyst according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 4 This is a test result diagram of the toluene removal of the photothermal catalyst and the pure titanium dioxide catalyst in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 5This is a graph showing the results of five toluene removal tests on the photothermal catalyst and the pure titanium dioxide catalyst in Example 1 of this invention.

[0057] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the effect of five toluene removal tests on the photothermal catalyst of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the effect of five toluene removal tests on the photothermal catalyst in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the effect of five toluene removal tests on the photothermal catalyst of Comparative Example 1 of this invention;

[0060] Figure 9 This is a graph showing the effect of five toluene removal tests on the photothermal catalyst of Comparative Example 2 of this invention;

[0061] Figure 10 This is a graph showing the effect of five toluene removal tests on the photothermal catalyst of Comparative Example 4 of this invention;

[0062] Figure 11 This is a test result of the photothermal catalyst in Example 1 of the present invention under ultraviolet light source for toluene removal.

[0063] Figure label:

[0064] Light source 100,

[0065] Lamp board substrate 110,

[0066] LED assembly 120,

[0067] Infrared LED 121,

[0068] 122 UV LED beads

[0069] Hollowed-out area 130,

[0070] Carrier 200. Detailed Implementation

[0071] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0072] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "height", "upper", "lower", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0073] One aspect of the present invention provides a photothermal catalyst. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the photothermal catalyst comprises a photocatalytic material; the photocatalytic material is supported on carbon materials and noble metals; wherein the mass ratio of carbon materials to photocatalytic materials is (3-15):100; the molar ratio of noble metals to photocatalytic materials is (0.5-10):1000; the photocatalytic material includes at least titanium dioxide. The photothermal catalyst of this embodiment uses titanium dioxide as a photocatalytic material matrix supported on a specific proportion of carbon materials and noble metals. Titanium dioxide can oxidize and degrade indoor air pollutants, the carbon materials can provide the catalyst with pollutant adsorption capacity, and the noble metals can improve the catalytic reaction activity. This photothermal catalyst has high catalytic activity and strong adsorption capacity, can effectively remove pollutants such as volatile organic compounds or ammonia, can gently remove odors indoors, can be used multiple times, and is not easily deactivated.

[0074] According to embodiments of the present invention, when this photothermal catalyst is used in conjunction with ultraviolet and infrared light sources, the effect of the catalyst in removing pollutants indoors can be greatly improved, and the catalyst has high stability.

[0075] According to embodiments of the present invention, the carbon material includes at least one selected from graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, carbon fibers, mesoporous carbon, and graphitic carbon nitride. In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon material includes at least one selected from graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes. These types of carbon materials have high specific surface areas, which can provide the catalyst with a certain pollutant adsorption capacity. Furthermore, these types of carbon materials are darker in color, resulting in a darker color for the finished catalyst, such as dark blue, gray, or black. Compared to lighter-colored catalysts, the photothermal catalyst of the embodiments of the present invention is more likely to absorb heat. Therefore, in application, under the same infrared irradiation conditions, the catalyst supported on carbon material according to the embodiments of the present invention experiences a faster temperature rise and a more significant effect in removing pollutants.

[0076] According to embodiments of the present invention, the noble metal includes at least one selected from platinum, palladium, and rhodium. Using these types of noble metals can enhance the catalytic activity of the photothermal catalyst and effectively promote the degradation of volatile organic compounds or ammonia. In some examples of the present invention, the noble metal is platinum.

[0077] According to embodiments of the present invention, the photocatalytic material is titanium dioxide, or a combination of titanium dioxide with at least one of zirconium dioxide, ferric oxide, tungsten trioxide, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, and molybdenum sulfide. These types of photocatalytic materials exhibit good photocatalytic function and high chemical stability, and can effectively catalytically oxidize and degrade pollutants.

[0078] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of carbon material to photocatalytic material is (4-15):100. In some examples, the mass ratio of carbon material to photocatalytic material can be selected from 4.5:100, 5:100, 6:100, 7:100, 8:100, 9:100, 10:100, 11:100, 12:100, 13:100, 14:100, or 14.9:100. Such a mass ratio of carbon material content allows the photothermal catalyst to have good pollutant adsorption capacity, resulting in a high removal rate for indoor pollutants, especially volatile organic compounds such as toluene. Too little carbon material will affect the removal effect; too much carbon material will lead to excessive adsorption of pollutants, causing catalyst poisoning and deactivation, which will also affect the removal effect.

[0079] In some embodiments of the present invention, the molar ratio of precious metal to photocatalytic material is 0.6‰ to 10‰. In some examples, the molar ratio of precious metal to photocatalytic material can be selected from 0.7:1000, 0.8:1000, 0.9:1000, 1:1000, 1.1:1000, 1.2:1000, 1.5:1000, 2:1000, 3:1000, 4:1000, 5:1000, 6:1000, 7:1000, 8:1000, 9:1000, or 9.6:1000. Such a molar ratio of precious metal content can improve the catalytic reaction activity, enabling the photothermal catalyst to have a good removal effect on indoor pollutants, especially volatile organic compounds such as toluene. Too little precious metal content will affect the removal effect; too much precious metal content will lead to increased production costs.

[0080] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the photothermal catalyst is in powder form. Powdered photothermal catalysts can be flexibly loaded onto carriers with high airflow and low air resistance, making them convenient to use and applicable to a wide range of scenarios.

[0081] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a photothermal catalyst according to an embodiment. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the photothermal catalyst includes the following steps:

[0082] The photothermal catalyst is obtained by mixing a mixture of photocatalytic material and noble metal source with a carbon material liquid and then carrying out a hydrothermal reaction.

[0083] According to embodiments of the present invention, the photothermal catalyst preparation method of the present invention is simple, convenient to operate, and suitable for large-scale production applications.

[0084] According to embodiments of the present invention, the noble metal source includes at least one selected from potassium chloroplatinate, potassium chloroplatinate, chloroplatinic acid, ammonium tetrachloroplatinate, platinum acetylacetonate, palladium chloride, sodium tetrachloropalladate, palladium acetylacetonate, rhodium chloride, ammonium hexachlororhodiumate, and rhodium acetylacetonate. In some embodiments of the present invention, the noble metal source includes at least one selected from potassium chloroplatinate, potassium chloroplatinate, chloroplatinic acid, ammonium tetrachloroplatinate, and platinum acetylacetonate. These types of noble metal precursors are widely available and can be used to prepare photothermal catalysts with good catalytic activity.

[0085] According to embodiments of the present invention, the mixture of photocatalytic material and noble metal source is a mixture of photocatalytic material, noble metal source, and water. In some embodiments of the present invention, the photocatalytic material is mixed with water and then mixed with the noble metal source to obtain the mixture. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of photocatalytic material to water is 1:(4-10), and in some examples, the mass ratio of photocatalytic material to water can be selected from 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, or 1:8. In some specific examples, P25 type titanium dioxide is selected as the photocatalytic material to prepare the photothermal catalyst.

[0086] According to embodiments of the present invention, the carbon material liquid is a mixture of carbon material and solvent. In some embodiments of the present invention, the solvent of the carbon material liquid includes water, an organic solvent, or a combination thereof. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the solvent of the carbon material liquid is water and an organic solvent; wherein the volume ratio of water to organic solvent is (0.5-4):1. In some examples of the present invention, the organic solvent includes alcohols, ketones, or esters, such as at least one of ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate.

[0087] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the carbon material liquid is a mixture of graphene oxide liquid or reduced graphene oxide liquid with water and organic solvent.

[0088] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the carbon material liquid is prepared by ultrasonic treatment. Ultrasonic treatment ensures that the carbon material is uniformly dispersed.

[0089] In some embodiments of the present invention, the volume ratio of graphene oxide liquid or reduced graphene oxide liquid to water and organic solvent is (0.1-3):(0.5-4):1. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the volume ratio of graphene oxide liquid or reduced graphene oxide liquid to water and organic solvent is (0.9-1.5):(1-3):1.

[0090] In some embodiments of the present invention, the solvent for the graphene oxide solution or the reduced graphene oxide solution is water. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the concentration of the graphene oxide solution or the reduced graphene oxide solution is 1 mg / mL to 20 mg / mL.

[0091] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mixing time is 1 hour to 3 hours.

[0092] According to embodiments of the present invention, the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 105°C to 130°C. In some embodiments of the present invention, the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 110°C to 125°C.

[0093] According to embodiments of the present invention, the hydrothermal reaction time is 18h to 30h. In some embodiments of the present invention, the hydrothermal reaction time is 20h to 25h.

[0094] By using the above-described hydrothermal process conditions to prepare the photothermal catalyst, a photothermal catalyst product with good air pollutant removal effect can be obtained.

[0095] According to embodiments of the present invention, the hydrothermal reaction further includes steps of filtration, washing, and drying. In some embodiments of the present invention, washing is performed using water; the drying temperature is 50°C to 70°C.

[0096] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a photothermal catalytic module. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the photothermal catalytic module includes a support and a light source; wherein the support is loaded with the photothermal catalyst of the aforementioned embodiment; the light source includes an ultraviolet light source and an infrared light source. The photothermal catalytic module of this embodiment uses a support loaded with a photothermal catalyst and is used in conjunction with an ultraviolet light source and an infrared light source, which can significantly improve the effect of the catalyst in removing volatile organic compounds or ammonia indoors. Under the same test conditions, the initial test effect is 2.66 times that of general commercial photocatalysts, and the catalyst stability in multiple tests is far superior to that of general commercial catalysts. Furthermore, by using an ultraviolet light source, the catalyst can be excited, providing energy to the catalyst, enabling the separation of holes and electrons while giving photogenerated holes strong oxidizing properties, while the infrared light source can heat the catalyst, improving the photocatalytic reaction activity and rate. This photothermal catalytic module can be flexibly placed in an air handling unit to remove odors from indoor air.

[0097] According to embodiments of the present invention, the carrier includes at least one of aluminum honeycomb, paper honeycomb, plastic honeycomb, and ceramic honeycomb. In some embodiments of the present invention, the carrier includes at least one of aluminum honeycomb and paper honeycomb. These honeycomb carriers have a large specific surface area, can flexibly load photothermal catalysts, and have the characteristics of low wind resistance, making them suitable for applications with large air volumes.

[0098] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ultraviolet irradiance of the ultraviolet light source is 100 mW / cm². 2 ~1000mW / cm 2 In some embodiments of the present invention, the ultraviolet irradiance of the ultraviolet light source is 100 mW / cm². 2 ~500mW / cm2 In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the ultraviolet irradiance of the ultraviolet light source is 200 mW / cm². 2 ~400mW / cm 2 In some examples, the ultraviolet irradiance of the ultraviolet light source can be selected from 250 mW / cm². 2 270mW / cm 2 290mW / cm 2 300mW / cm 2 310mW / cm 2 320mW / cm 2 Or 350mW / cm 2 Such an intensity of ultraviolet radiation can ensure the effectiveness of the catalyst activation.

[0099] According to embodiments of the present invention, the ultraviolet light wavelength range of the ultraviolet light source is 185 nm to 400 nm. In some real-time conversions of the present invention, the ultraviolet light wavelength range of the ultraviolet light source is 185 nm to 365 nm.

[0100] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the infrared irradiance of the infrared light source is 400 mW / cm². 2 ~1500mW / cm 2 In some embodiments of the present invention, the ultraviolet irradiance of the infrared light source is 400 mW / cm². 2 ~1000mW / cm 2 In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the ultraviolet irradiance of the infrared light source is 500 mW / cm². 2 ~900mW / cm 2 In some examples, the ultraviolet irradiance of the infrared light source can be selected from 600 mW / cm². 2 700mW / cm 2 800mW / cm 2 850mW / cm 2 870mW / cm 2 880mW / cm 2 Or 890mW / cm 2 Such an intensity of infrared irradiation can ensure the heating effect of the catalyst, thereby improving the photocatalytic reaction activity and rate.

[0101] According to embodiments of the present invention, the infrared wavelength of the infrared light source is ≥800nm. In some embodiments of the present invention, the infrared wavelength range of the infrared light source is 800nm~1000nm.

[0102] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the light source is a lamp panel containing ultraviolet and infrared LEDs. By using a lamp panel with ultraviolet and infrared LEDs as the light source, the effect of photothermal catalyst in removing volatile organic compounds such as toluene indoors can be significantly improved.

[0103] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ultraviolet and infrared LEDs of the lamp panel are arranged alternately. This arrangement ensures that the ultraviolet and infrared irradiance are evenly distributed on the catalyst surface.

[0104] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the lamp panel further includes a perforated area. By providing the perforated area, airflow can be ensured to pass through the lamp panel.

[0105] The following is a reference to the appendix. Figure 1 The photothermal catalytic module of an embodiment of the present invention will be further described below. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the photothermal catalytic module of this embodiment includes a light source 100 and a support 200. The support 200 is loaded with the photothermal catalyst described in the previous embodiment, and the light source 100 includes an ultraviolet light source and an infrared light source. In some examples, the support 200 is located below the light source 100. Figure 1 The carrier 200 in the diagram represents the plane of the carrier. There is a certain distance between the light source 100 and the carrier 200. This distance can be adjusted according to the application scenario to ensure that the surface of the photothermal catalyst can uniformly receive ultraviolet and infrared radiation.

[0106] The following is a reference to the appendix. Figure 2 The light source of the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the light source includes a lamp board substrate 110, on which a plurality of lamp bead assemblies 120 and a plurality of cutout areas 130 are provided. The lamp bead assembly 120 consists of infrared lamp beads 121 and ultraviolet lamp beads 122 arranged sequentially at intervals. The lamp board substrate 110 is designed with some cutout areas to ensure that airflow can pass through them.

[0107] Another aspect of the present invention provides an air treatment device. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the air treatment device includes the photothermal catalyst or the photothermal catalytic module of the aforementioned embodiments. The air treatment device of the present invention, containing the aforementioned photothermal catalyst or photothermal catalytic module, can gently remove pollutants such as volatile organic compounds or ammonia, and has the advantages of high pollutant removal rate and good stability. It can achieve air purification, and is particularly effective in removing indoor odors when applied to indoor air purification.

[0108] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the air handling device is an air conditioner, an air purifier, an air humidifier, or a ventilator fan.

[0109] Another aspect of the present invention provides the application of the photothermal catalyst, photothermal catalytic module, or air handling device of the foregoing embodiments in indoor air purification. Using the photothermal catalyst, photothermal catalytic module, or air handling device of the foregoing embodiments in indoor air purification can gently remove indoor odors, effectively degrade pollutants, and achieve good removal results.

[0110] According to embodiments of the present invention, indoor air purification includes the removal of volatile organic compounds or ammonia from the indoor environment. The photothermal catalyst, photothermal catalytic module, or air handling device of the present invention can remove pollutants such as volatile organic compounds or ammonia, effectively removing indoor odors and exhibiting high stability.

[0111] According to embodiments of the present invention, indoor air purification includes removing at least one of toluene, formaldehyde, and ammonia. By employing the photothermal catalyst, photothermal catalytic module, or air handling device of the present invention, indoor odors can be effectively removed, and indoor air pollutants such as toluene, formaldehyde, and ammonia can be degraded, exhibiting good removal effect and high stability.

[0112] According to embodiments of the present invention, the photothermal catalyst is used at a temperature of 30°C to 55°C. This operating temperature improves the catalytic activity and rate of the catalyst while avoiding significant safety hazards caused by excessively high temperatures. In some examples, when the photothermal catalyst of the embodiments is applied to indoor air purification, its temperature remains stable at 30°C to 55°C under the condition of airflow. In some specific examples, the gas flow velocity is no greater than 1 m / s, i.e., 0 to 1 m / s, but not zero.

[0113] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, and apparatus used herein are available from conventional commercial sources. Unless otherwise specified, the test or experimental methods are conventional methods in the art.

[0114] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in the following examples / comparative examples are commercially available products and were used directly without further processing.

[0115] Appendix Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of a photothermal catalyst in one embodiment. See below for reference. Figure 3 The specific preparation method of the photothermal catalyst in the examples is described.

[0116] Example 1

[0117] The preparation method of the photothermal catalyst in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0118] 1) 120 mL of reduced graphene oxide aqueous solution (5 mg / mL) was ultrasonically treated in 200 mL of deionized water and 100 mL of anhydrous ethanol solution to achieve good dispersion, thus obtaining solution A;

[0119] 2) Add 13g TiO2 to 100mL of deionized water, then add 0.056g potassium chloroplatinate and stir until homogeneous to obtain solution B;

[0120] 3) Mix and stir solutions A and B to obtain solution C;

[0121] 4) Transfer solution C to a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction;

[0122] 5) The solution after the hydrothermal reaction is filtered and washed repeatedly with deionized water, and then dried in a precision vacuum oven to obtain the photothermal catalyst of this embodiment.

[0123] Example 2

[0124] The preparation method of the photothermal catalyst in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0125] 1) 96.5 mL of reduced graphene oxide aqueous solution (20 mg / mL) was ultrasonically treated in 200 mL of deionized water and 100 mL of anhydrous ethanol solution to achieve good dispersion, thus obtaining solution A;

[0126] 2) Add 13g TiO2 to 100mL of deionized water, then add 0.056g potassium chloroplatinate and stir until homogeneous to obtain solution B;

[0127] 3) Mix and stir solutions A and B to obtain solution C;

[0128] 4) Transfer solution C to a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction;

[0129] 5) The solution after the hydrothermal reaction is filtered and washed repeatedly with deionized water, and then dried in a precision vacuum oven to obtain the photothermal catalyst of this embodiment.

[0130] Example 3

[0131] The preparation method of the photothermal catalyst in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0132] 1) 120 mL of reduced graphene oxide aqueous solution (5 mg / mL) was ultrasonically treated in 200 mL of deionized water and 100 mL of anhydrous ethanol solution to achieve good dispersion, thus obtaining solution A;

[0133] 2) Add 13g TiO2 to 100mL deionized water, then add 0.65g potassium chloroplatinate and stir well to obtain solution B;

[0134] 3) Mix and stir solutions A and B to obtain solution C;

[0135] 4) Transfer solution C to a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction;

[0136] 5) The solution after the hydrothermal reaction is filtered and washed repeatedly with deionized water, and then dried in a precision vacuum oven to obtain the photothermal catalyst of this embodiment.

[0137] Comparative Example 1

[0138] The preparation method of this comparative photothermal catalyst includes the following steps:

[0139] 1) Disperse 250 mL of reduced graphene oxide aqueous solution (20 mg / mL) in 200 mL of deionized water and 100 mL of anhydrous ethanol solution by ultrasonic treatment to obtain solution A.

[0140] 2) Add 13g TiO2 to 100mL of deionized water, then add 0.056g potassium chloroplatinate and stir until homogeneous to obtain solution B;

[0141] 3) Mix and stir solutions A and B to obtain solution C;

[0142] 4) Transfer solution C to a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction;

[0143] 5) The solution after the hydrothermal reaction was filtered and washed repeatedly with deionized water, and then dried in a precision vacuum oven to obtain the photothermal catalyst of this comparative example.

[0144] Comparative Example 2

[0145] The preparation method of this comparative photothermal catalyst includes the following steps:

[0146] 1) 13 mL of reduced graphene oxide aqueous solution (5 mg / mL) was ultrasonically treated in 200 mL of deionized water and 100 mL of anhydrous ethanol solution to achieve good dispersion, thus obtaining solution A;

[0147] 2) Add 13g TiO2 to 100mL of deionized water, then add 0.056g potassium chloroplatinate and stir until homogeneous to obtain solution B;

[0148] 3) Mix and stir solutions A and B to obtain solution C;

[0149] 4) Transfer solution C to a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction;

[0150] 5) The solution after the hydrothermal reaction was filtered and washed repeatedly with deionized water, and then dried in a precision vacuum oven to obtain the photothermal catalyst of this comparative example.

[0151] Comparative Example 3

[0152] The preparation method of this comparative photothermal catalyst includes the following steps:

[0153] 1) 120 mL of reduced graphene oxide aqueous solution (5 mg / mL) was ultrasonically treated in 200 mL of deionized water and 100 mL of anhydrous ethanol solution to achieve good dispersion, thus obtaining solution A;

[0154] 2) Add 13g TiO2 to 100mL of deionized water, then add 1g potassium chloroplatinate and stir well to obtain solution B;

[0155] 3) Mix and stir solutions A and B to obtain solution C;

[0156] 4) Transfer solution C to a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction;

[0157] 5) The solution after the hydrothermal reaction was filtered and washed repeatedly with deionized water, and then dried in a precision vacuum oven to obtain the photothermal catalyst of this comparative example.

[0158] Comparative Example 4

[0159] The preparation method of this comparative photothermal catalyst includes the following steps:

[0160] 1) 120 mL of reduced graphene oxide aqueous solution (5 mg / mL) was ultrasonically treated in 200 mL of deionized water and 100 mL of anhydrous ethanol solution to achieve good dispersion, thus obtaining solution A;

[0161] 2) Add 13g TiO2 to 100mL of deionized water, then add 0.0068g potassium chloroplatinate and stir until homogeneous to obtain solution B;

[0162] 3) Mix and stir solutions A and B to obtain solution C;

[0163] 4) Transfer solution C to a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction;

[0164] 5) The solution after the hydrothermal reaction was filtered and washed repeatedly with deionized water, and then dried in a precision vacuum oven to obtain the photothermal catalyst of this comparative example.

[0165] The photothermal catalysts prepared in the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention are all powdered materials of titanium dioxide supported on reduced graphene oxide and platinum. The component ratios of the photothermal catalysts in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 are shown in Table 1.

[0166] Table 1. Component proportions of photothermal catalysts in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0167] sample <![CDATA[W rGO :IN TiO2 ]]> <![CDATA[M Pt :M TiO2 ]]> Example 1 4.62％ 0.83‰ Example 2 14.84％ 0.83‰ Example 3 4.62％ 9.6‰ Comparative Example 1 38.46％ 0.83‰ Comparative Example 2 0.5％ 0.83‰ Comparative Example 3 4.62％ 14.8‰ Comparative Example 4 4.62％ 0.1‰

[0168] The photothermal catalysts of Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-4, and pure TiO2 powder were respectively sprayed onto an aluminum honeycomb carrier with a side length of 116*50*10mm, and the photothermal catalyst loading on the aluminum honeycomb carrier reached 2g. The lamp panel containing ultraviolet and infrared light sources had the same dimensions as the aluminum honeycomb (i.e., the surface length and width of the lamp panel were the same as the aluminum honeycomb). The lamp panel contained a total of 6 ultraviolet LEDs and 6 infrared LEDs, with 3 ultraviolet / infrared LEDs arranged alternately at the top and bottom. The lamp panel contained a hollow area. A schematic diagram of the photothermal catalytic module thus fabricated is shown below. Figure 1 See the schematic diagram of the light source. Figure 2 .

[0169] The following uses toluene, a typical volatile organic compound, as an example to test the effect of photothermal catalysts on the degradation of toluene indoors in the test examples and comparative examples.

[0170] A photothermal catalytic module, consisting of an aluminum honeycomb containing ultraviolet and infrared light sources and loaded with photothermal catalysts from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, was placed in a 270L test chamber for toluene degradation testing. During the test, the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp beads was 365nm, and the ultraviolet irradiance was 294mW / cm². 2 The infrared LED has a wavelength of 805nm and an infrared irradiance of 874mW / cm². 2 Add a certain amount of liquid toluene to the heating furnace, turn on the furnace and the stirring fan to ensure that the gaseous toluene is evenly distributed in the 270L test chamber. The initial concentration of toluene is 4-7 mg / m³. 3 After the toluene is evenly distributed, turn off the heater, turn on the module and start timing. Record the toluene concentration at regular intervals using a handheld PID detector. Turn off the device after the experiment is finished.

[0171] The formula for calculating the toluene removal rate is as follows:

[0172] Q = (C 初始 -C 结束 ) / C 初始 ×100%;

[0173] Where Q represents the toluene removal rate, %; C represents the concentration, mg / m³. 3 .

[0174] During the toluene degradation test, the temperature of the photothermal catalyst remained stable between 39°C and 45°C.

[0175] Controlling W in Example 1(rGO) :W (TiO2) =4.62%, M (Pt) :M (TiO2) =0.83‰. (Attached) Figure 4 This is a graph showing the toluene removal test results of the photothermal catalyst (rGO-Pt-P25) and the pure titanium dioxide catalyst (P25) in Example 1. The horizontal axis represents the test time, and the vertical axis represents the toluene removal rate. Figure 4 As shown, the rGO-Pt-P25 catalyst achieved a toluene removal rate of 59.62% in 60 minutes; in contrast, the pure TiO2(P25) catalyst only achieved a toluene removal rate of 22.38% in the same time period. (See attached image.) Figure 5 This is a graph showing the results of five toluene removal tests on the photothermal catalyst and pure titanium dioxide catalyst in Example 1. The horizontal axis represents the number of tests (from left to right, 1 to 5 times), and the vertical axis represents the toluene removal rate. Figure 5 As shown, the rGO-Pt-P25 catalyst maintained a relatively stable toluene removal rate in 5 toluene removal tests; in contrast, the toluene removal rate of the pure TiO2(P25) catalyst decreased within the same number of tests, from 22.38% in the first test to 5.68% in the fifth test.

[0176] Controlling W in Example 2 (rGO) :W (TiO2) =14.84%, M (Pt) :M (TiO2) All other conditions remain the same as in Example 1. (Appendix) Figure 6 This is a graph showing the results of five toluene removal tests on the photothermal catalyst in Example 2. Figure 6 As shown, the photothermal catalyst in Example 2 achieved an initial toluene removal rate of 63.18%, which decreased to about 55% after 5 tests, but still maintained a relatively stable toluene removal rate.

[0177] Controlling M in Example 3 (Pt) :M (TiO2) =9.6‰, W (rGO) :W (TiO2) All other conditions remain the same as in Example 1. (Appendix) Figure 7 This is a graph showing the results of five toluene removal tests on the photothermal catalyst in Example 3. Figure 7 As shown, the photothermal catalyst of Example 3 was used to test the removal of toluene. The toluene removal rate first increased and then decreased after 5 tests, from the initial 58.79% to 67.85%, and then decreased to 56.18% in the 5th test. The toluene removal rate showed excellent performance.

[0178] Control W in Comparative Example 1 (rGO) :W (TiO2) =38.46%, M (Pt) :M (TiO2)All other conditions remain the same as in Example 1. (Appendix) Figure 8 This is a graph showing the results of five toluene removal tests on the photothermal catalyst in Comparative Example 1. Figure 8 As shown, the photothermal catalyst in Comparative Example 1 performed excellently in the first test, with a significant increase in toluene removal rate to 68.95%. However, the removal rate decreased to varying degrees in the subsequent four tests, eventually dropping to 23.72% in the fifth test, which was less stable than the photothermal catalyst prepared in the normal proportion. This is because the excessive graphene material initially increased the removal rate by adsorbing a large amount of toluene, but the excessive adsorption of toluene led to catalyst poisoning and deactivation, resulting in slow degradation and ultimately a significant decrease in the toluene removal rate.

[0179] Control W in Comparative Example 2 (rGO) :W (TiO2) =0.5%, M (Pt) :M (TiO2) All other conditions remain the same as in Example 1. (Appendix) Figure 9 This is a graph showing the results of five toluene removal tests on the photothermal catalyst in Comparative Example 2. Figure 9 As shown, due to the low mass ratio of graphene material to titanium dioxide in Comparative Example 2, the initial toluene removal rate was only 15.45%, and it dropped to 7.14% after 5 tests.

[0180] In Comparative Example 3, the proportion of platinum was controlled to M. (Pt) :M (TiO2) =14.8‰. Calculations showed that the cost of a single catalyst piece increased significantly, exceeding the acceptable range, and the toluene removal rate did not increase significantly compared to Example 1.

[0181] Control M in Comparative Example 4 (Pt) :M (TiO2) =0.1‰, W (rGO) :W (TiO2) All other conditions remain the same as in Example 1. (Appendix) Figure 10 This is a graph showing the results of five toluene removal tests on the photothermal catalyst in Comparative Example 4. Figure 10 As shown, the initial toluene removal rate of the photothermal catalyst in Comparative Example 4 was not much different from that of other examples, but after 5 tests, the removal rate dropped to 43.18%, which is a significant decrease.

[0182] Appendix Figure 11 This is a test result of the photothermal catalyst in Example 1 under ultraviolet light for toluene removal. The only difference between this test and the previous test is the type of light source; all other test conditions are the same. (Comparison...) Figure 4 and Figure 11The test results show that, within the same test time, the toluene removal rate under ultraviolet light was lower than that under simultaneous ultraviolet and infrared light sources. When the test time was 60 minutes, the toluene removal rate of the rGO-Pt-P25 catalyst was 59.62% under both ultraviolet and infrared light irradiation, while under ultraviolet light irradiation alone, the toluene removal rate decreased to 44.94%.

[0183] The experimental data above demonstrates that the photothermal catalyst provided in this invention can gently oxidize toluene indoors via photothermal catalysis. This catalyst can be used multiple times and is not easily deactivated. When used in conjunction with ultraviolet and infrared light sources, the photothermal catalyst significantly improves the removal efficiency of toluene indoors. Under the same test conditions, the initial test result is 2.66 times that of general commercial photocatalysts, and the catalyst's stability in multiple tests is far superior to that of general commercial catalysts. This proves that the photothermal catalyst and photothermal catalytic module provided in this invention can effectively remove pollutants such as volatile organic compounds and ammonia, making it suitable for air purification, especially indoor air purification.

[0184] The photothermal catalyst powder material prepared in this invention embodiment can be loaded onto an aluminum honeycomb carrier by spraying, and then used in conjunction with a lamp panel containing ultraviolet and infrared lamps placed on the aluminum honeycomb carrier. This photothermal catalytic module, composed of ultraviolet and infrared light sources and an aluminum honeycomb carrier loaded with photothermal catalyst, can be placed on air conditioners, air purifiers, or other exhaust fans to purify toluene, formaldehyde, or ammonia in indoor spaces. It can effectively remove indoor odors and has the advantages of good pollutant removal rate, good degradation effect, and high stability.

[0185] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments," "some specific embodiments," "some examples," or "some specific examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0186] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photothermal catalyst, characterized in that, Including photocatalytic materials; The photocatalytic material is loaded with carbon materials and noble metals; The mass ratio of the carbon material to the photocatalytic material is (3-15):100; The molar ratio of the noble metal to the photocatalytic material is (0.5-10):1000; The photocatalytic material includes at least titanium dioxide.

2. The photothermal catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon material includes at least one of graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, carbon fiber, mesoporous carbon, and graphitic carbon nitride.

3. The photothermal catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The precious metal includes at least one of platinum, palladium, and rhodium.

4. The photothermal catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photocatalytic material is titanium dioxide, or a combination of titanium dioxide and at least one of zirconium dioxide, ferric oxide, tungsten trioxide, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, and molybdenum sulfide.

5. The photothermal catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photothermal catalyst is in powder form.

6. A method for preparing the photothermal catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The photothermal catalyst is obtained by mixing a mixture of photocatalytic material and noble metal source with a carbon material liquid and then carrying out a hydrothermal reaction.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The precious metal source includes at least one of potassium chloroplatinate, potassium chloroplatinate, chloroplatinic acid, ammonium tetrachloroplatinate, platinum acetylacetonate, palladium chloride, sodium tetrachloropalladate, palladium acetylacetonate, rhodium chloride, ammonium hexachlororhodate, and rhodium acetylacetonate.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 105℃~130℃.

9. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hydrothermal reaction time is 18h to 30h.

10. A photothermal catalytic module, characterized in that, Including the carrier and the light source; The support is loaded with the photothermal catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 5; The light source includes ultraviolet light sources and infrared light sources.

11. The photothermal catalytic module according to claim 10, characterized in that, The carrier includes at least one of aluminum honeycomb, paper honeycomb, plastic honeycomb, and ceramic honeycomb.

12. The photothermal catalytic module according to claim 10, characterized in that, The ultraviolet irradiance of the ultraviolet light source is 100 mW / cm². 2 ~1000mW / cm 2 .

13. The photothermal catalytic module according to claim 10, characterized in that, The infrared irradiance of the infrared light source is 400 mW / cm². 2 ~1500mW / cm 2 .

14. The photothermal catalytic module according to claim 10, characterized in that, The light source is a lamp panel containing ultraviolet and infrared LEDs.

15. The photothermal catalytic module according to claim 14, characterized in that, The light panel also includes a hollowed-out area.

16. An air handling device, characterized in that, It includes the photothermal catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or the photothermal catalytic module according to any one of claims 10 to 15.

17. The air handling apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that, The air handling device is an air conditioner, an air purifier, an air humidifier, or a ventilator.

18. The application of the photothermal catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or the photothermal catalytic module according to any one of claims 10 to 15, or the air handling device according to any one of claims 16 to 17 in indoor air purification.

19. The application according to claim 18, characterized in that, The indoor air purification includes the removal of volatile organic compounds or ammonia from the indoor environment.

20. The application according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, The indoor air purification includes the removal of at least one of toluene, formaldehyde, and ammonia from the indoor environment.

21. The application according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, The photothermal catalyst is used at temperatures ranging from 30°C to 55°C.

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