A method and device for quickly detecting a machining allowance of a sharp corner part of a forging

Abstract

The application provides a forging sharp corner part machining allowance rapid detection method. On a part to be machined, first, a part satisfying a sharp corner edge machining allowance is found, then a theoretical position of two edges of a sharp corner to be machined on a design is found and is recorded as a theoretical edge. Through the intersection of the theoretical edge, a position of a sharp corner vertex to be machined on the design is quickly found, that is, a vertex theoretical point. Through confirmation of a position relationship and a distance between the vertex theoretical point and an edge of the part to be machined, a machining allowance of the sharp corner vertex to be machined is quickly measured, and the detection efficiency of the machining allowance of the collapsed corner part is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of forging processing technology, specifically to a method and device for rapid detection of machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings. Background Technology

[0002] In forging production, corner collapse at sharp corners is a common forging defect. It refers to the rounding or collapse of sharp corners or transition areas in forgings due to insufficient material filling or uneven stress, causing the originally designed sharp corners (including acute, right, and obtuse angles) to become rounded, or right and acute angles to become obtuse. In actual production, forgings commonly exhibit corner collapse defects to varying degrees. Corner collapse affects the machining allowance in subsequent machining processes. The machining allowance for forgings refers to the amount of metal left on the forging for cutting. In the machining process, each step is designed with sufficient machining allowance before operation to ensure that the parts meet precise dimensional, shape, and surface quality requirements.

[0003] like Figure 1 As shown, this is a forging to be processed. The processing area 1 was originally designed to be a 120-degree angle, with a designed machining allowance of 5mm. That is, the machining allowance for the sharp corner edge is designed to be 5mm, and similarly, the machining allowance for the sharp corner apex is also designed to be 5mm. However... Figure 1 The original sharp corner of machining part 1 has been rounded due to corner collapse. If the machining allowance of the sharp corner of machining part 1 after corner collapse is measured using existing methods, it is necessary to wait for the forging to cool, obtain a model of the forging through optical scanning, and then compare it with the designed theoretical value. The measurement method is relatively complex, and the entire process takes approximately 3-5 hours, which is very slow and prevents timely determination of whether there is sufficient machining allowance, thus affecting the overall machining efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem of difficulty in quickly measuring machining allowances at sharp corners of forgings due to corner collapse, this invention provides a rapid method for detecting machining allowances at sharp corners of forgings, which can quickly measure the location of collapsed corners. This invention also provides a rapid detection device for machining allowances at sharp corners of forgings.

[0005] The structure of this application is as follows: a method for rapid detection of machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: On the area to be processed after the corner collapse, draw two lines starting from the edge of the area to be processed, such that the two lines simultaneously satisfy the following two conditions:

[0007] Condition 1: The included angle between the two lines is equal to the angle α of the sharp angle to be processed;

[0008] Condition 2: The distance between each line and the edge of the straight line of the adjacent part to be processed is equal to the machining allowance d1 of the sharp corner to be processed;

[0009] Find the line positions corresponding to the two sides of the sharp corner to be processed, and denot them as: theoretical sides;

[0010] S2: Find the intersection of the two theoretical edges to obtain the location of the vertex of the sharp corner to be processed, denoted as: the theoretical vertex point;

[0011] S3: Determine the location of the theoretical vertex point:

[0012] If the location of the theoretical vertex point falls on the part to be processed, then proceed to step S4;

[0013] Otherwise, if the location of the theoretical vertex point falls outside the area to be processed, it is determined that the processing allowance at the vertex position of the sharp corner to be processed is insufficient.

[0014] S4: Measure the distance d2 between the theoretical vertex point and the edge of the part to be processed. d2 is the actual machining allowance value maintained on the part to be processed for the vertex of the sharp corner to be processed.

[0015] Its further features are:

[0016] It also includes the following steps:

[0017] S5: Compare d1 and d2;

[0018] When d2≥d1, it means that the part to be processed meets the processing conditions;

[0019] Otherwise, it indicates that the machining allowance at the vertex of the sharp corner to be machined is insufficient.

[0020] A rapid detection device for machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings, characterized in that it comprises: a measuring arm and a tightening bolt;

[0021] The measuring arm is a rectangular plate structure. The two parallel sides of the measuring arm are denoted as the connecting side and the marking side, and the other two parallel sides are denoted as the measuring side and the mounting side.

[0022] The measuring arm is configured as two, and each measuring arm is hinged to the other measuring arm via the connecting edge; the tightening bolt is provided below the measuring edge;

[0023] The tightening bolt includes a threaded rod and a bolt head. The threaded rod is arranged parallel to the marked edge, and the bolt head is configured as a planar circular structure parallel to the measuring edge.

[0024] The distance between the head of the tightening bolt and the measuring side is set as a preset machining allowance for the sharp corner.

[0025] Its further features are:

[0026] It also includes: a scale, wherein the scale is provided on the top surface of the measuring arm where the measuring edge is located;

[0027] It also includes: a tightening bolt mounting structure, which includes: a cantilever and a mounting block. The cantilever is set on the measuring arm parallel to the mounting edge, and the mounting block is set on the cantilever located on the outside of the measuring arm, with its bottom protruding from the bottom end face of the measuring arm. A mounting hole with internal threads is provided at the bottom of the mounting hole, and the tightening bolt is installed in the mounting hole based on the thread engagement.

[0028] The tightening bolt mounting structure further includes: a positioning nut, which is threadedly engaged on the tightening bolt;

[0029] The centers of the hinge points of the two measuring arms are located on the extension line of the line connecting the midpoints of the connecting side and the marking side, and the two measuring arms are symmetrically arranged based on the hinge points.

[0030] The method for measuring the machining allowance at the sharp corner of the corner to be machined is as follows:

[0031] Draw a straight line from the intersection of the two measuring sides to the center of the hinge point, and measure the distance between the intersection of the straight line and the edge of the part to be processed and the intersection of the two measuring sides.

[0032] The cantilever is cylindrical or prismatic; one end of the cantilever is fixedly connected to the measuring arm, and the other end extends outward from the plane of the measuring arm in a direction parallel to the measuring side; the mounting block is slidably mounted on the cantilever.

[0033] This application provides a rapid method for detecting machining allowances at sharp corners of forgings. First, on the area to be machined, the location satisfying the machining allowance for the sharp corner edge is identified. Then, the theoretical positions of the two sides of the sharp corner to be machined, denoted as "theoretical edges," are found in the design. The intersection of these theoretical edges quickly locates the position of the vertex of the sharp corner to be machined, known as the "theoretical vertex point." By confirming the positional relationship and distance between the theoretical vertex point and the edge of the area to be machined, the machining allowance at the vertex of the sharp corner can be quickly measured, effectively improving the detection efficiency of machining allowances at corners. When measuring using the rapid detection device described in this application, the included angle between the measuring sides of the two hinged measuring arms is set to the angle of the sharp corner to be processed. The bottom surface of the measuring arm is pressed against the top surface of the part to be processed, and the heads of the two tightening bolts are respectively pressed against the two side walls of the sharp corner of the part to be processed. If the intersection of the two measuring sides does not fall on the top surface of the part to be processed, it is directly determined that the processing allowance is insufficient. If the intersection of the two measuring sides falls on the top surface of the part to be processed, the distance between the intersection and the edge of the part to be processed is directly measured, and the processing allowance of the sharp corner can be quickly obtained. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 Example of a forging to be processed that has a corner collapse problem;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rapid detection device for machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings in this application.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a physical example of the rapid detection device for machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings in this application;

[0037] Figure 4 Example 1 shows a measurement method based on the rapid detection device of this application;

[0038] Figure 5 Example 2 is a measurement method based on the rapid detection device of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0039] This application includes a method for rapid detection of machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings, comprising the following steps:

[0040] S1: On the area to be processed after the corner collapse, draw two lines starting from the edge of the area to be processed, such that the two lines simultaneously satisfy the following two conditions:

[0041] Condition 1: The included angle between the two lines is equal to the angle α of the sharp angle to be processed;

[0042] Condition 2: The distance between each line and the edge of the straight line of the adjacent part to be processed is equal to the machining allowance d1 of the sharp corner to be processed;

[0043] The positions of the lines corresponding to the two sides of the sharp corner to be processed are found and denoted as: theoretical edges.

[0044] S2: Find the intersection of the two theoretical edges to obtain the location of the vertex of the sharp corner to be processed, denoted as: the theoretical vertex point.

[0045] Since most corner collapses occur centered on the vertex of the sharp corner to be processed, the straight edges outside the collapsed corner area on the part to be processed will still retain the design shape. The machining allowance for these non-collapsed corner areas can still meet the design value for the sharp corner edges. Therefore, in this method, starting from the area that meets the machining allowance, we find the theoretical positions of the two sides of the sharp corner to be processed in the design, denoted as: theoretical edges. Then, through the intersection of the theoretical edges, we can quickly find the location of the vertex of the sharp corner to be processed in the design, which is: the vertex theoretical point.

[0046] S3: Determine the location of the theoretical vertex point:

[0047] If the location of the vertex theoretical point falls on the part to be processed, then proceed to step S4;

[0048] Otherwise, if the theoretical vertex point is located outside the area to be processed, it can be directly determined that the machining allowance at the vertex position of the sharp corner to be processed is insufficient without measurement.

[0049] S4: Measure the distance d2 between the theoretical vertex point and the edge of the part to be processed. d2 is the actual machining allowance value maintained on the part to be processed for the vertex of the sharp corner to be processed.

[0050] S5: Compare d1 and d2;

[0051] When d2≥d1, it means that the part to be processed meets the processing conditions;

[0052] Otherwise, it indicates that the machining allowance at the vertex of the sharp corner to be machined is insufficient.

[0053] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the detection device for realizing the above-mentioned method for rapid detection of machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings includes: a measuring arm 2 and a tightening bolt 3.

[0054] The measuring arm 2 is a rectangular plate structure. The two parallel sides of the measuring arm 2 are denoted as: connecting side 21 and marking side 22. The other two parallel sides are denoted as: measuring side 23 and mounting side 24.

[0055] Two measuring arms 2 are provided. Each measuring arm 2 is hinged to the other measuring arm 2 via a connecting edge 21. A tightening bolt 3 is provided below the measuring edge 23; the center of the hinge point 25 is located on the extension line of the line connecting the midpoints of the connecting edge 21 and the marking edge 22. The two measuring arms 2 are the same size and are symmetrically arranged based on the hinge point 25.

[0056] The tightening bolt 3 includes a threaded shank with external threads and a bolt head with a circular flat structure. The threaded shank of the tightening bolt 3 is parallel to the marking edge 22, and the plane of the bolt head is perpendicular to the threaded shank and parallel to the measuring edge 23. During measurement, the distance between the head of the tightening bolt 3 and the measuring edge 23 is set as a preset machining allowance d1 for the sharp corner edge. By tightening the bolt head against the straight edge of the part to be processed, the surface contact ensures accurate measurement results, thereby ensuring that the position of the theoretical edge can be found quickly and accurately through the position of the measuring edge 23.

[0057] In actual production and daily life, because the problem of corner collapse occurs around the apex of the sharp corner, the corner collapse of larger parts will be more severe. For example, for parts with a side length of 300mm~400mm, the side length of the collapsed corner is about 15mm~20mm, while for parts with a side length of about 70mm~80mm, the side length of the collapsed corner may only be 2mm~3mm.

[0058] During measurement, the allowance of the sharp corner must be measured at a straight edge outside the collapsed corner. This requires the bolt head to be tightened outside the collapsed corner, meaning the measuring side 23 must be long enough for the bolt head to be tightened outside the collapsed corner. Therefore, the length of the measuring arm 2 of the inspection device needs to be different for parts of different sizes. In practical applications, a set of inspection devices with different measuring arm lengths can be made, and the appropriate measuring tool can be selected according to the size of the part to be measured. Figure 3 In the embodiment shown, the length of the measuring side 23 is between 20 and 30 mm, which meets the measurement requirements of this embodiment.

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown, in this application, a scale 6 is set on the top surface of the measuring arm 2 where the measuring edge 23 is located, so as to ensure that the head position of the tightening bolt 3 can be adjusted intuitively, making the device more practical.

[0060] To ensure that this device is suitable for machining sharp corners of various sizes and with different machining allowances, this application also includes a tightening bolt mounting structure, which includes a cantilever 4, a mounting block 5, and a positioning nut 7. The cantilever 4 is set on the measuring arm 2 parallel to the mounting edge 24. The mounting block 5 is set on the cantilever 4 on the outside of the measuring arm 2, with its bottom protruding from the bottom end face of the measuring arm 2. A mounting hole with internal threads (not marked in the figure) is provided at the bottom of the mounting hole, and the tightening bolt 3 is installed in the mounting hole based on the thread engagement.

[0061] The cantilever 4 is cylindrical or prismatic. One end of the cantilever 4 is fixedly connected to the measuring arm 2, and the other end extends outward parallel to the measuring side 23 from the measuring arm 2. During installation, the mounting block 5 is slidably mounted on the cantilever 24. By sliding the mounting block 5 on the cantilever 24 during measurement, the measuring position of the bolt head on the part to be processed can be easily adjusted, making the measurement results more accurate and ensuring the practicality of this application.

[0062] The head position of the tightening bolt 3 can be quickly adjusted by rotating it in the mounting hole of the mounting block 5. To ensure that the position of the tightening bolt 3 does not easily move during measurement, a positioning nut 7 is also provided in this application. Figure 2 As shown, the positioning nut 7 is set on the tightening bolt 3 based on the thread engagement. Once the head of the tightening bolt 3 is adjusted to the preset machining allowance value according to the scale 6, the positioning nut 7 is tightened to fix the position of the tightening bolt 3.

[0063] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, when using this device for measurement, first adjust the head of the tightening bolt 3 to the preset machining allowance value according to the scale 6, and fix the position of the tightening bolt 3 by the positioning nut 7. Then, set the included angle α between the measuring sides 23 on the two hinged measuring arms 2 to the angle of the sharp angle to be processed. In this embodiment, α is 120 degrees.

[0064] The heads of the two tightening bolts 3 are respectively pressed against the two side walls of the sharp corner of the part to be processed 1, and the bottom surface of the measuring arm 2 is pressed against the top surface of the part to be processed 1. This application ensures the accuracy of the measurement results through the surface contact of the three surfaces.

[0065] Figure 5 In this embodiment, d1 is the preset machining allowance corresponding to the two side walls of the sharp corner to be processed. For example, in this embodiment, the value of machining allowance d1 is 5mm. When the two tightening bolts 3 are tightened on the two side walls of the sharp corner to be processed and the bottom surface of the measuring arm 2 is pressed on the top surface of the part to be processed 1, if the intersection of the two measuring sides 23 falls outside the part to be processed 1, it can be directly determined that while the machining allowance of the two sides is satisfied, the machining allowance of the sharp corner apex cannot be satisfied.

[0066] Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the intersection of the two measuring edges 23 falls on the top surface of the part to be processed 1. A straight line is drawn from the intersection of the measuring edges 23 to the center of the hinge point 25. The distance d2 between the intersection of this line and the edge of the part to be processed 1 and the intersection of the two measuring edges 23 is measured. This distance gives the machining allowance for the sharp corner apex after the corner of the part to be processed 1 is collapsed. This can be measured using existing measuring equipment such as vernier calipers. In this embodiment, this value is 1mm, which is less than the 5mm machining allowance required for machining the sharp corner of the part to be processed 1.

[0067] After using the technical solution of this application, based on the preset theoretical value of machining allowance, the included angle α of the two measuring arm supports of the measuring device and the preset machining allowance d1 corresponding to the two side walls of the sharp corner to be processed are adjusted, and the value of the machining allowance of the sharp corner vertex is quickly measured, which effectively improves the measurement efficiency of the machining allowance for the collapsed corner.

Claims

1. A method for rapid detection of machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: On the area to be processed after the corner collapse, draw two lines starting from the edge of the area to be processed, such that the two lines simultaneously satisfy the following two conditions: Condition 1: The included angle between the two lines is equal to the angle α of the sharp angle to be processed; Condition 2: The distance between each line and the edge of the straight line of the adjacent part to be processed is equal to the machining allowance d1 of the sharp corner to be processed; Find the line positions corresponding to the two sides of the sharp corner to be processed, and denot them as: theoretical sides; S2: Find the intersection of the two theoretical edges to obtain the location of the vertex of the sharp corner to be processed, denoted as: the theoretical vertex point; S3: Determine the location of the theoretical vertex point: If the location of the theoretical vertex point falls on the part to be processed, then proceed to step S4; Otherwise, if the location of the theoretical vertex point falls outside the area to be processed, it is determined that the processing allowance at the vertex position of the sharp corner to be processed is insufficient. S4: Measure the distance d2 between the theoretical vertex point and the edge of the part to be processed, where d2 is the actual machining allowance value maintained on the part to be processed for the vertex of the sharp corner to be processed; The rapid detection device for machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings used in measurement includes: a measuring arm and a tightening bolt; The measuring arm is a rectangular plate structure. The two parallel sides of the measuring arm are denoted as the connecting side and the marking side, and the other two parallel sides are denoted as the measuring side and the mounting side. The measuring arm is configured as two, and each measuring arm is hinged to the other measuring arm via the connecting edge; the tightening bolt is provided below the measuring edge; The tightening bolt includes a threaded rod and a bolt head. The threaded rod is arranged parallel to the marked edge, and the bolt head is configured as a planar circular structure parallel to the measuring edge. The distance between the head of the tightening bolt and the measuring side is set to a preset machining allowance for the sharp corner side; Press the heads of the two tightening bolts against the two side walls of the sharp corner of the part to be processed, and press the bottom surface of the measuring arm against the top surface of the part to be processed.

2. The method for rapid detection of machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also Includes the following steps: S5: Compare d1 and d2; When d2≥d1, it means that the part to be processed meets the processing conditions; Otherwise, it indicates that the machining allowance at the vertex of the sharp corner to be machined is insufficient.

3. A rapid detection device for machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings, applicable to any of the rapid detection methods for machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that, It includes: a measuring arm and a tightening bolt; The measuring arm is a rectangular plate structure. The two parallel sides of the measuring arm are denoted as the connecting side and the marking side, and the other two parallel sides are denoted as the measuring side and the mounting side. The measuring arm is configured as two, and each measuring arm is hinged to the other measuring arm via the connecting edge; the tightening bolt is provided below the measuring edge; The tightening bolt includes a threaded rod and a bolt head. The threaded rod is arranged parallel to the marked edge, and the bolt head is configured as a planar circular structure parallel to the measuring edge. The distance between the head of the tightening bolt and the measuring side is set as a preset machining allowance for the sharp corner.

4. The rapid detection device for machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes: a scale, wherein the scale is provided on the top surface of the measuring arm where the measuring edge is located.

5. The rapid detection device for machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes: a tightening bolt mounting structure, which includes: a cantilever and a mounting block. The cantilever is set on the measuring arm parallel to the mounting edge. The mounting block is set on the cantilever on the outside of the measuring arm, with its bottom protruding from the bottom end face of the measuring arm. The bottom of the mounting hole is provided with a mounting hole with internal threads, and the tightening bolt is installed in the mounting hole based on the thread engagement.

6. The rapid detection device for machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tightening bolt mounting structure also includes a positioning nut, which is set on the tightening bolt based on thread engagement.

7. The rapid detection device for machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings according to claim 3, characterized in that: The centers of the hinge points of the two measuring arms are located on the extension line of the line connecting the midpoints of the connecting edge and the marking edge, and the two measuring arms are symmetrically arranged based on the hinge points.

8. The rapid detection device for machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for measuring the machining allowance at the sharp corner of the corner to be machined is as follows: Draw a straight line from the intersection of the two measuring sides to the center of the hinge point, and measure the distance between the intersection of the straight line and the edge of the part to be processed and the intersection of the two measuring sides.

9. The rapid detection device for machining allowance at sharp corners of forgings according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cantilever is cylindrical or prismatic; one end of the cantilever is fixedly connected to the measuring arm, and the other end extends outward from the plane of the measuring arm in a direction parallel to the measuring side; the mounting block is slidably mounted on the cantilever.

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