Degradable extrusion mesh, composite and polymer blend composition thereof and use thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to degradable extrusion webs, composites and polymer blend compositions thereof, and uses thereof. A degradable extruded web includes a plurality of interconnected strands, at least a portion of the strands being made from a polymer blend comprising a polylactic acid polymer composition, a polybutylene succinate, and a degradation additive comprising a degradation agent in a carrier resin. The present disclosure also relates to turf and methods of making turf using such degradable extrusion webs.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of patent application No. 202080056957.1, filed on June 12, 2020, entitled "Degradable Extruded Wire Made of Polymer Blend Composition".

[0002] Cross-reference to related applications

[0003] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 860,931, filed June 13, 2019, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Technical Field

[0004] The field of this disclosure relates to extruded plastic nets, and more specifically, to a biodegradable extruded net comprising multiple interconnected strands for use with turf. Background Technology

[0005] In traditional methods of turf cultivation, grass seeds are sown in the soil. After the forage crop has been planted until the roots are fully interwoven so that the turf adheres like a sticky, carpet-like mat when cut, it can be peeled or rolled out and removed from the underlying soil. Typically, the soil layer includes a synthetic structure, such as a net, to help maintain the turf's integrity and continuity after harvest.

[0006] Extruded plastic netting is used in many commercial applications, such as erosion control applications, climbing plant support netting, fences, tree railings, turf netting, etc. Currently, a typical extrusion process for manufacturing plastic netting involves extruding single strands of plastic yarn into an interconnected network to provide a mesh structure. Conventional plastic netting and methods for manufacturing it are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,700,521, 3,767,353, 3,723,218, 4,123,491, 4,152,479, and 4,190,692, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0007] Existing plastic meshes are typically made from various non-corrosive, wear-resistant, chemically resistant, and / or robust base resins such as metals, polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, and polyester. During the extrusion process, pigments and additives can be introduced to produce different colors or properties, such as stability against UV degradation.

[0008] One of the drawbacks of existing plastic netting is that the materials used to manufacture these nets are often non-degradable or non-renewable. Therefore, they consume more landfill space and cause more environmental harm than intended.

[0009] Therefore, there is a need to provide improved extruded wires with acceptable mechanical strength, made from easily processed, biodegradable materials derived from renewable resources. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The following is a simplified overview of the claimed subject matter to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of it. This overview is not a comprehensive review of the claimed subject matter. It is neither intended to identify the main or key elements of the claimed subject matter nor to depict its scope. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of the claimed subject matter in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that follows.

[0011] This disclosure relates to a biodegradable extruded wire comprising multiple interconnected strands. At least a portion of the strands are made of a polymer blend comprising a polylactic acid polymer composition and a polybutylene succinate composition. In some embodiments, the polymer blend further comprises a degradation additive. At least a portion of the strands are made of a polymer blend comprising a polylactic acid composition, a polybutyrate composition, a polylactic acid-polybutyrate compatibilizer, and a degradation additive. The degradation additive may be a degradation agent contained in a carrier resin.

[0012] In some embodiments, the polymer blend comprises about 40% to about 60% by weight of a polylactic acid composition and about 40% to about 60% by weight of polybutylene succinate (PBS). The polymer blend also comprises about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of a degradation additive.

[0013] Polylactic acid (PLA) compositions may comprise one or more polymers at least partially derived from lactide or lactic acid, collectively referred to herein as polylactide or PLA. In some embodiments, the PLA composition comprises one or more PLA polymers derived from plant starches, such as linear aliphatic thermoplastic polyesters derived from renewable resources (e.g., corn).

[0014] PBS compositions may contain one or more polymers, including aliphatic polyesters produced by polycondensation of succinic acid or any derivative thereof with 1,4-butanediol.

[0015] The degradation additive preferably comprises a degradation agent in the carrier resin. In one or more embodiments, the carrier resin comprises about 90% to about 99% by weight of the degradation additive, with the remainder being the degradation agent. In some embodiments, the carrier resin is biodegradable, transparent, and derived from renewable resources.

[0016] Degradative additives may include a number of suitable degradative additives that are primarily based on the degradation of plastic materials caused by exposure to heat. In some embodiments, degradative additives include ferric stearate, manganese stearate, metal carboxylates, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0017] In another aspect of this disclosure, the polymer blend composition for preparing the biodegradable extruded web comprises, by weight, about 55% to about 60% of a polylactic acid (PLA) composition, by weight, about 35% to about 40% of a polybutyrate composition, by weight, about 0.5% to 3% of a compatibilizer composition, and by weight, about 2% to about 7% of a degradation additive.

[0018] The polybutyrate composition may comprise one or more polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) polymers. The compatibilizer composition may comprise any composition that helps ensure a substantially homogeneous mixture of PLA and PBAT. In some embodiments, the PLA-PBAT compatibilizer composition comprises a mixture of PLA carrier resin and a compatibilizer (e.g., polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, epoxidized cottonseed oil (ECSO), or maleic acid (MCSO) cottonseed oil).

[0019] Degradative additives may include a number of suitable degradative additives that are primarily based on the degradation of plastic materials caused by exposure to heat. In some embodiments, degradative additives include ferric stearate, manganese stearate, metal carboxylates, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0020] In another aspect of the invention, this disclosure relates to turf comprising: grass growing in soil and a biodegradable extruded mesh in the soil. The mesh comprises multiple interconnected strands, at least a portion of which are made of a polymer blend comprising, by weight, a polylactic acid composition of about 40% to about 60% and a polybutylene succinate composition of about 40% to about 60% by weight. The polymer blend may further comprise, by weight, about 0.1% to about 5% of a biodegradable additive.

[0021] In another aspect of the invention, this disclosure relates to a method of planting turf, the method comprising the steps of: providing a mesh material in soil, the mesh material comprising multiple interconnected strands, at least a portion of which are made of a polymer blend comprising, by weight, a polylactic acid composition of about 40% to about 60% of a polybutylene succinate composition of about 40% to about 60% of a polybutylene succinate composition of about 40% to about 60% of a polybutylene succinate composition of about 0.1% to about 5% of a degradation additive of about 0.1% to about 5% of a degradation additive; and planting forage crops in the soil.

[0022] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will be set forth in part in the following description or learned through practice of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate several embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a network according to an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 2 QUV test data collected from extruded films made from the compositions of Examples 1 to 5 according to this disclosure and the control composition are depicted, showing the percentage of strength loss in the longitudinal direction over time;

[0026] Figure 3 QUVs with condensation test data collected from extruded films made from the compositions of Examples 1 to 5 according to this disclosure and the control composition are depicted, showing the percentage of strength loss in the longitudinal direction over time;

[0027] Figure 4 QUV test data collected from extruded films made from the compositions of Examples 3 and 5 to 7 according to this disclosure and the control composition are depicted, showing the percentage of strength loss in the longitudinal direction over time;

[0028] Figure 5 Modulus data for blends made from the compositions according to this disclosure and Examples 7 to 10 are described;

[0029] Figure 6 The tensile strength data of blends made from the compositions according to this disclosure and Examples 7 to 10 are described; and

[0030] Figure 7 QUV test data collected from extruded films made from the compositions of Examples 8 and 10 to 12 according to this disclosure and the control composition are depicted, showing the percentage of retention strength over time. Detailed Implementation

[0031] This description and accompanying drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments and should not be construed as limiting. The claims define the scope of this disclosure, including equivalents. Various mechanical, compositional, structural, and operational changes may be made without departing from the scope of this description and the claims (including equivalents). In some instances, well-known structures and techniques have not been shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring this disclosure. Similar numerals in two or more drawings denote the same or similar elements. Furthermore, elements and related aspects described in detail with reference to one embodiment may be included in other embodiments where they are not specifically shown or described. For example, if an element is described with reference to one embodiment but not with reference to a second embodiment, that element may still be referred to as included in the second embodiment. Moreover, the descriptions herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not necessarily reflect the actual shape, size, or dimensions of the system or the components shown.

[0032] Note that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the,” and any singular use of any word, include plural referents unless explicitly and unequivocally limited to a single referent. As used herein, the term “comprising” and its grammatical variations are intended to be non-restrictive, such that items cited in the list do not exclude other similar items that may be replaced or added to the listed items.

[0033] While the following disclosure relates to biodegradable extruded nets for use in conjunction with turf, it should be understood that the biodegradable extruded nets of the present invention are readily adaptable to a wide range of other applications, such as: packaging nets, like those for onion and turkey bags; agricultural nets, such as lawn nets, lawn packs, hay bales, etc.; erosion control applications; and nets for industrial, filtration, and household applications. Furthermore, the biodegradable extruded nets of the present invention are also suitable for use in composite fabrics, such as disposable diapers, incontinence underwear, training pants, bandages, dressings, diaper curtains and pads, as well as feminine hygiene clothing, medical gowns, medical curtains, mattresses, blankets, sheets, clothing, consumer wipes, and other similar products, such as building and construction composites.

[0034] like Figure 1As shown, the mesh 10 of the present invention comprises strands 12 extending in one direction and strands 14 generally extending in a cross or transverse direction. Strands 12 and 14 are elongated members of an extruded polymer that cross and intersect during extrusion to form a mesh structure. Strands 12 and 14 may also be formed from extruded strands that are woven together rather than cross during extrusion. In some embodiments, strands 12 and 14 are made of the same material. In alternative embodiments, strand 12 is made of a material different from strand 14. For example, mesh 10 may comprise 10 wt.% to 90 wt.% of the material of strand 12 and 10 wt.% to 90 wt.% of the material of strand 14. In other embodiments, mesh 10 may comprise 45 wt.% to 55 wt.% of the material of strand 12 and 45 wt.% to 55 wt.% of the material of strand 14. In embodiments where strands 12 and 14 are made of the same material, the material used to make strands 12 and 14 is a biodegradable composition according to the present disclosure. When one set of strands 12 or 14 is manufactured using a material other than the biodegradable composition of the present invention, the material may include a non-biodegradable composition.

[0035] Therefore, the biodegradable extrusion mesh of the present invention can be manufactured entirely from biodegradable materials, or from a combination of biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials. In some embodiments, the biodegradable material used to prepare the extrusion mesh of the present invention may include a material combination comprising one or more polylactic acid (PLA) polymer compositions, one or more polybutylene succinate (PBS) polymer compositions, and degradation additives. In other embodiments, the biodegradable material used to prepare the extrusion mesh of the present invention may include a material combination comprising one or more polylactic acid (PLA) polymer compositions, one or more polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) polymer compositions, PLA-PBAT compatibilizers, and degradation additives.

[0036] PLA composition

[0037] Generally, polylactic acid compositions may contain one or more polymers at least partially derived from lactide or lactic acid, which are collectively referred to herein as polylactide or PLA.

[0038] Generally, polymer nomenclature sometimes refers to polymers based on the monomers that make them, and in other cases, it characterizes them based on the smallest repeating unit found in the polymer. For example, the smallest repeating unit in polylactide is lactic acid (actually, a lactic acid residue). However, commercially available polylactide is typically manufactured by polymerizing lactide monomers, not lactic acid. Lactide monomers are, of course, dimers of lactic acid. Here, the terms “polylactic acid,” “polylactide,” and “PLA” are intended to include both polylactic acid-based polymers and polylactide-based polymers within their scope, and the terms are used interchangeably. That is, the terms “polylactic acid,” “polylactide,” and “PLA” are not intended to limit the way the polymer is formed.

[0039] The terms "polylactide-based" polymer or "polylactic acid-based" polymer mean polymers of polylactic acid or polylactide, and copolymers of lactic acid or lactide, wherein the resulting polymer comprises at least 50% by weight repeating units of lactic acid residues or repeating units of lactide residues. In this context, the term "repeating unit of lactic acid residues" means the following unit:

[0040]

[0041] Given the above definitions, it should be clear that polylactide can be referred to as either a polymer containing lactic acid residues or a polymer containing lactide residues. Here, the term "lactide residue repeating unit" refers to the following repeating unit:

[0042]

[0043] It should be understood that the repeating units of lactide residues can be obtained from L-lactide, D-lactide, and meso-lactide. L-lactide consists of two S-lactic acid residues; D-lactide consists of two R-lactic acid residues; and meso-lactide consists of both S-lactic acid residues and R-lactic acid residues.

[0044] In some implementations, PLA can be a linear aliphatic thermoplastic polyester derived from renewable resources (such as corn) and compostable in many environments. In recent years, PLA has been increasingly used in fiber applications, such as webs, because it provides a raw material derived from sustainable and renewable resources.

[0045] Plant-based PLA derived from corn is well-known. Traditionally, corn is soaked in a mixture to loosen molecular bonds, then the mixture is ground and centrifuged to separate corn oil and starch. Glucose is then extracted from the starch using hydrolysis. Fermentation eventually leads to the formation of lactic acid from the glucose. After the lactic acid is converted to lactide via electrodialysis, it is polymerized to form long lactide chains, resulting in fully plant-based PLA.

[0046] In some embodiments, the PLA composition comprises a mixture of PLA polymers, at least some of which are derived from sustainable and renewable resources, such as plant starch.

[0047] In some embodiments, the PLA composition comprises at least 50% by weight of PLA polymer having a nominal average molecular weight of about 200,000 Daltons.

[0048] PBS composition

[0049] Generally, PBS compositions may comprise one or more polymers, including aliphatic polyesters produced by polycondensation of succinic acid or any derivative thereof with 1,4-butanediol. Such biodegradable polymers naturally degrade into carbon dioxide, water, and biomass. In some embodiments, the PBS used may be synthesized by melt polycondensation followed by chain extension with diisocyanate. While bio-based succinic acid is suitable for producing such biodegradable polymers, polyalkylene succinates can be synthesized from petrochemical precursors. In some embodiments, the PBS composition may be commercially available FZ91 / FD92, under the trade name... Available for sale and can be obtained from PTT MCC Biochem Co., Ltd.

[0050] PBAT Composition

[0051] Generally, PBAT compositions may comprise one or more polymers, including diol-dicarboxylic acid condensation polyesters having aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, aromatic dicarboxylic acids, and aliphatic diols as constituents. In some embodiments, the PBAT composition may comprise any biodegradable (statistically) aliphatic aromatic copolyester. In some embodiments, the PBAT composition comprises at least one aliphatic aromatic copolyester based on the monomers 1,4-butanediol, adipic acid, and terephthalic acid in the polymer chain. This biodegradable polymer ultimately degrades to carbon dioxide, water, and biomass when metabolized in soil or compost under standard conditions. In some embodiments, the PBAT composition may be commercially available F Blend C1200, traded under the name... For sale, available from BASF SE.

[0052] In some embodiments, the PBAT composition comprises at least 50% by weight of PBAT polymer. When the PBAT comprises a polymer with a lower molecular weight than the polymer in the PLA composition, the PBAT composition can increase the flexibility of the PLA when mixed with the PLA composition.

[0053] PLA-PBAT compatibilizer composition

[0054] Generally, PLA-PBAT compatibilizer compositions are any compositions that help ensure a substantially homogeneous mixture of PLA and PBAT. In some embodiments, the PLA-PBAT compatibilizer composition comprises a mixture of PLA carrier resin and a compatibilizer. In some embodiments, the PLA carrier resin comprises about 90% to about 99% by weight of the PLA-PBAT compatibilizer composition, with the remainder being compatibilizer. The PLA carrier resin can be any easily processable extrusion-grade thermoplastic resin. In some embodiments, the PLA carrier resin is transparent and derived from renewable resources. In some embodiments, the PLA carrier resin can be marketed under the trade name Ingeo. TM The commercially available biopolymer 2003D is available from NatureWorks and comprises up to 95% by weight of the PLA-PBAT compatibilizer composition. In some embodiments, the compatibilizer may be polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EJ400) or an epoxy compound, such as epoxidized cottonseed oil (ECSO) or maleated cottonseed oil (MCSO). Other suitable compatibilizers that can be used in PLA-PBAT compatibilizer compositions include, but are not limited to: 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hydrogenated 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 3,3'-bitoluidine-4,4'-diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, methylcyclohexane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, sec-methylphenylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated sec-methylphenylene bismaleimide diisocyanate, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate. The compatibilizer may be ester, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, 4,4'-diisopropyl diphenyl diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl diisocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate, 1,8-4-isocyanate methyl octane diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, o-anisidine diisocyanate, diphenyl ether diisocyanate, lysine methyl ester diisocyanate, lysine ester triisocyanate, triphenylmethane triisocyanate, triisocyanate phenyl thiophosphate, 1,6,11-undecane triisocyanate, bicycloheptane triisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene triisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the compatibilizer may also be Joncryl ADR sold by BASF, Lotader AX8900 sold by Arkema, or Biomax Strong 120 sold by DuPont.

[0055] Degradation additives

[0056] In some embodiments, the degradation additive comprises a degradation agent within the carrier resin. In one or more preferred embodiments, the carrier resin comprises about 90% to about 99% by weight of the degradation additive, with the remainder being the degradation agent. In some embodiments, the carrier resin is biodegradable, transparent, and derived from renewable resources. In some embodiments, the carrier resin may be obtained from NatureWorks under the trade name Ingeo. TM The biopolymer 2003D is sold and can comprise up to 95% of the degradation additive. In some embodiments, the degradation agent contains ferric stearate; however, any suitable degradation agent may be used. Suitable degradation additives are those primarily based on those that cause degradation of the plastic material upon exposure to heat. While metal carboxylates are relatively well-known degradation additives, examples of other degradation additives include, but are not limited to, auto-oxidizable unsaturated organic compounds such as ethers, acetals, ketals, amines, aldehydes, natural oils, unsaturated fatty acids, and other compounds that contribute to the generation of free radicals and peroxides that participate in the oxidation reaction.

[0057] Other additives

[0058] In some embodiments, the composition used to manufacture the extruded web may contain other conventional additives.

[0059] In some embodiments, suitable photodegradable additives may be used. Suitable photodegradable additives are those that cause degradation of plastic materials primarily based on light exposure. Examples of photodegradable additives include, but are not limited to, photosensitive polymers such as aromatic ketones, aromatic amines, peroxides, quinones, and azo compounds.

[0060] In some embodiments, a colorant may be included. The colorant can affect the degradation rate because it can reduce the intensity of ultraviolet light by reflecting, diffusely reflecting, absorbing, or disrupting ultraviolet light. A suitable colorant includes green colorant 29025GN PE masterbatch, available from PolyOne Corporation of Arces, Belgium, which is a green colorant in a carrier used to impart green color to the resulting extruded web.

[0061] In some embodiments, a stabilizer is included. The stabilizer helps prevent the network from excessively degrading due to exposure to ultraviolet light. In at least some embodiments, the stabilizer includes a hindered amine compound, such as an oligomeric hindered amine light stabilizer or a hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS).

[0062] Explanatory Composition

[0063] In some embodiments, the polymer composition blend for manufacturing the biodegradable extrusion web may comprise about 40% to about 60% by weight of a PLA composition and about 40% to about 60% by weight of a PBS composition. In some embodiments, the polymer composition blend for manufacturing the biodegradable extrusion web may further comprise about 0.1% to 5% by weight of a degradation agent additive. In a preferred embodiment, the polymer blend may comprise about 48% to about 52% by weight of a PLA composition and about 48% to about 52% by weight of a PBS composition.

[0064] In other embodiments, the polymer composition blend used to prepare the biodegradable extruded web comprises, by weight, about 55% to 60% of a polylactic acid (PLA) composition, about 35% to about 40% of a polybutyrate composition, about 0.5% to 3% of a compatibilizer composition, and about 2% to about 7% of a degradation additive. In alternative embodiments, the polymer blend composition comprises, by weight, about 52% to 58% of a polylactic acid (PLA) composition, about 38% of a polybutyrate composition, about 2% of a compatibilizer composition, and about 2% to about 8% of a degradation additive.

[0065] Preparation of extrudable compositions

[0066] Extrudable compositions can be prepared by any conventional method for forming polymer compositions. These methods include, but are not limited to, compounding. Typically, suitable methods for preparing polymer blend compositions include compounding, either using a twin-screw extruder as a standalone operation or in-line compounding using a single-screw extruder equipped with a screw that has good distribution and dispersion mixing properties.

[0067] Non-degradable fiber composition

[0068] As described above, in some embodiments, the partial strands 12, 14 may be made of a non-degradable fiber composition. In some embodiments, the non-degradable fiber composition may comprise non-elastic materials such as nylon, polyester, polylactic acid, polypropylene, polyethylene including HDPE, and copolymers of such resins. In some embodiments, the non-degradable fiber is made of polyolefin. In some embodiments, the non-degradable fiber is made of polypropylene.

[0069] Preparation mesh

[0070] The biodegradable extruded web of the present invention can be prepared by any suitable extrusion process. Typically, a suitable method for preparing the extruded web involves extruding the polymer blend composition as described above through a die having reciprocating or rotating components to form a web structure. This produces transverse strands that intersect the longitudinal strands and flow continuously. It should be understood, of course, that the biodegradable polymer blend composition of the present invention can be used to form both transverse and longitudinal strands, or one or a portion of the strands, in which case another material, such as a different biodegradable or non-degradable material, can be used to form the other strands. After extrusion, the web is typically stretched longitudinally using the difference between two sets of pressure rollers. Thereafter, the material is typically stretched transversely in any suitable manner using a tenter frame, as described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,152,479, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. It should be understood that the above-described method is only one of many suitable methods that can be used to manufacture the extruded web according to the present invention.

[0071] Example

[0072] The subject matter of this disclosure is further illustrated by the following non-limiting embodiments:

[0073] Example 1

[0074] A biodegradable extruded film according to this disclosure is manufactured using a mixture comprising 57% by weight of biopolymer 2003D (trade name Ingeo). TM Sold and available from NatureWorks) as a PLA composition, 38% by weight of F Blend C1200 (as trade name) Available for sale (from BASF SE) as a PBAT composition, comprising 2% by weight of TECHMER PLAM111474 compatibilizer and 3% by weight of degradation additive containing 5% ferric stearate and 95% PLA carrier resin. The film is produced by a well-known extrusion method, wherein the composition is extruded through a desired die at a temperature of about 355 to about 380 degrees Fahrenheit. After extrusion, the film enters rolls and finally a roll stack.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] A biodegradable extruded film according to this disclosure is manufactured using a mixture comprising 55% by weight of biopolymer 2003D as a PLA composition, 38% by weight of F Blend C1200 as a PBAT composition, 2% by weight of TECHMER PLAM111474 compatibilizer, and 5% by weight of a degradation additive comprising 5% ferric stearate and 95% PLA carrier resin. The film of the composition of Example 2 is extruded using the same method as in Example 1.

[0077] Example 3

[0078] A biodegradable extruded film according to this disclosure is manufactured using a mixture comprising 60% by weight of biopolymer 2003D as a PLA composition, 38% by weight of F Blend C1200 as a PBAT composition, 2% by weight of TECHMER PLAM111474 compatibilizer, and free of degradative additives. The film of the composition of Example 3 is extruded using the same method as in Example 1.

[0079] Example 4

[0080] A biodegradable extruded film according to this disclosure is manufactured using a mixture comprising 55% by weight of biopolymer 2003D as a PLA composition, 38% by weight of F Blend C1200 as a PBAT composition, 2% by weight of TECHMER PLAM111474 compatibilizer, 2.5% by weight of a degradation additive containing ferric stearate, and 2.5% by weight of a degradation additive containing manganese stearate. The degradation additive comprises 2.5% ferric stearate, 2.5% manganese stearate, and 95% PLA carrier resin. The film of the composition of Example 4 is extruded using the same method as in Example 1.

[0081] Example 5

[0082] A biodegradable extruded film according to this disclosure was manufactured using a polypropylene composition. No degradation agent additives were used. The film of the composition of Example 5 was extruded using the same method as in Example 1.

[0083] Example 6

[0084] The biodegradable extruded web according to this disclosure is manufactured using a mixture comprising 57% by weight of biopolymer 2003D (trade name Ingeo). TM Sold and available from NatureWorks) as a PLA composition, 38% by weight of F Blend C1200 (as trade name) Sold for sale (available from BASF SE) as a PBAT composition, comprising 2% by weight of TECHMER PLAM111474 compatibilizer and 3% by weight of degradation additive containing 5% ferric stearate and 95% PLA carrier resin. The web is produced by extruding the composition through a die with reciprocating or rotating parts to form a mesh structure. The web is then stretched and extruded longitudinally and transversely at temperatures from 100°F to 250°F.

[0085] Example 7

[0086] The biodegradable extruded web according to this disclosure is manufactured using a mixture comprising 55% by weight of biopolymer 2003D as a PLA composition, 38% by weight of F Blend C1200 as a PBAT composition, 2% by weight of TECHMER PLAM111474, and 5% by weight of a degradation additive comprising 5% ferric stearate and 95% PLA carrier resin. The web is produced using the same method as in Example 6.

[0087] Example 8

[0088] A biodegradable extruded film according to this disclosure is manufactured using a mixture comprising 50% by weight of biopolymer 2003D (trade name Ingeo). TM (Available for sale from NatureWorks) as a PLA composition and 50% FD92 (trade name BioPBS) TM The composition (available for sale from PTT MCC Biochem Co., Ltd.) is used as a PBS composition. No degradation additives are used. The film of the composition of Example 8 is extruded using the same method as in Example 1.

[0089] Example 9

[0090] A biodegradable extruded film according to this disclosure is manufactured using a mixture comprising 50% by weight of biopolymer 2003D (trade name Ingeo). TM (available for sale from NatureWorks) as a PLA composition and 50% by weight of FZ91 (trade name BioPBS) TM The composition (available for sale from PTT MCC Biochem Co., Ltd.) is used as a PBS composition. No degradation additives are used. The film of the composition of Example 9 is extruded using the same method as in Example 1.

[0091] Example 10

[0092] A biodegradable extruded film according to this disclosure was manufactured using a composition of 97% polypropylene by weight and 3% Envirocare Ag 1000C by weight (commercially available from Ciba Speciality Chemicals in the UK, believed to contain 50% to 80% polyethylene, 7.5% to 22.5% cobalt stearate, and 7.5% to 22.5% citric acid). The film of Example 10 is marketed under the trade name Oxygrid. TM Available for sale from Conwed. A film of the composition of Example 10 was extruded using the same method as in Example 1.

[0093] Example 11

[0094] A biodegradable extruded film according to this disclosure is manufactured using a mixture comprising 58% by weight of biopolymer 2003D as a PLA composition, 40% by weight of F Blend C1200 as a PBAT composition, and 2% by weight of a degradation additive comprising 5% ferric stearate and 95% PLA carrier resin. The film of the composition of Example 11 is extruded using the same method as in Example 1.

[0095] Example 12

[0096] A biodegradable extruded film according to this disclosure is manufactured using a mixture comprising 70% by weight of biopolymer 2003D as a PLA composition, 15% by weight of F Blend C1200 as a PBAT composition, and 15% by weight of polyhydroxybutyrate (PBPH). The film of the composition of Example 12 is extruded using the same method as in Example 1.

[0097] Longitudinal strength loss (MD strength loss) tests were performed on the membranes of Examples 1, 2, and 4, the PLA / PBAT control membrane (Example 3), and polypropylene without degradation additives (Example 5). The MD strength loss of each sample was collected by a QUV accelerated weathering test, following a slightly modified version of the procedure described in ASTM D4329-13. Q-Panel, QUV-Basic, and QUV-EM were used to expose the samples to 50°C with and without condensation. A UVA-340 lamp was used over a 240-hour period to attempt to reproduce conditions similar to typical outdoor environments over a longer period. Data collected from these strength loss tests showed… Figures 2 to 3 middle.

[0098] The webs made from the compositions of Examples 6 and 7, the PLA / BPAT control of Example 3, and the polypropylene of Example 5 were subjected to longitudinal strength loss (MD strength loss) tests on the biodegradable extruded webs according to this disclosure. Data collected from these strength loss tests showed... Figure 4 middle.

[0099] Thermal stability tests were performed on films made from the compositions of Examples 1, 2, and 4, and the PLA / PBAT control (Example 3). No heat stabilizers were included in the given formulations. To test the materials, film samples were run on a casting production line at 365 degrees Fahrenheit to determine which compositions might show signs of thermal degradation within the extrusion unit due to the thermal properties of the compositions during processing. Degradation during processing resulted in lower forces measured per inch in the given examples as the polymers decomposed through hydrolysis, depolymerization, oxidation, etc. Data collected from the thermal stability tests are shown in Table 1 below. The PLA / PBAT control (Example 3) had a force value of 5061 lb / s². Examples 1 and 2 had higher values, while Example 4 showed signs of degradation and therefore had a lower value.

[0100] Table 1

[0101]

[0102] In embodiments of turf preparation using the biodegradable net currently described, it is desirable to provide a substantially biodegradable net without sacrificing affordability or manufacturability. Modulus and tensile strength were tested on blends with different amounts of PLA and PBS. The PLA composition was biopolymer 2003D. The PBS compositions tested were BioPBS FZ91 and BioPBS FD92. Blends containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% PBS were tested, along with blends containing 60% PLA, 38% PBAT, and 2% Techmer. TM PLA / PBAT / Techmer blends with PLAM111474 compatibilizer and compositions prepared according to Example 10 above (trade name Oxygrid) TM A comparison was made between the data collected from the test and the data from the sale (available from Conwed). Figure 5 and 6 middle.

[0103] like Figure 5 As shown, the membrane made from the blend containing 50% PLA 2003D and 50% bioPBS FD92 (the composition of Example 8) has a lower modulus value than the membrane made from the blend containing PLA / PBAT / Techmer (Example 7), thus providing increased manufacturability.

[0104] like Figure 6 As shown, compared with the PLA / PBAT / Techmer control membrane, the increased manufacturability obtained by the membrane made from a mixture of 50% PLA2003D and 50% bioPBS FD92 (the composition of Example 8) was achieved while maintaining appropriate tensile strength.

[0105] The membranes of Examples 8 and 10 through 12 underwent longitudinal strength loss (MD strength loss) testing via accelerated weathering. The percentage of retained strength for each sample was collected using a QUV accelerated weathering test, following a modified version of the procedure described in ASTM D4329-13. Q-Panel, QUV-Basic, and QUV-EM were used to expose the samples to two distinct cycles over extended periods, designed to simulate conditions similar to typical outdoor environments over extended periods. The first cycle was 4 hours long and provided with UV light at 50°C. The second cycle was 4 hours long and provided without light at 40°C. A UVA-340 lamp was used. After 100 hours of alternating cycles, the samples were exposed to an outdoor temperature and humidity level of approximately 45°C and approximately 80% humidity. Data collected from the strength loss tests are shown in [data missing]. Figure 7 In the middle. For example Figure 7 As shown, the membrane produced from the composition of Example 8 exhibits similar performance to the control membrane (Example 10) under accelerated weathering tests.

[0106] The biodegradable web of this invention can also be used to form other types of composite materials, wherein the web is fixed to at least one or more layers of material. Examples of such composite materials include consumer wipes, reinforced paper towels, and erosion control composites. Based on the intended function of the web, those skilled in the art can determine which compositions should be used in the fabrication of each layer, thereby controlling the degradation rate.

[0107] All granted patents, published patent applications, and non-patent publications mentioned in this specification are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference for all purposes, to the same extent that each granted patent, published patent application, or non-patent publication is expressly and individually indicated by reference for inclusion by reference.

[0108] While several embodiments of this disclosure have been shown in the accompanying drawings, they are not intended to limit the disclosure thereto, but rather to make the scope of the disclosure as broad as permitted in the art, and the specification should be read in the same manner. Therefore, the foregoing description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as examples of embodiments of this disclosure. Consequently, the scope of the embodiments should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, and not by the given examples.

[0109] Those skilled in the art will understand that the apparatuses and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting exemplary embodiments. Features illustrated or described in conjunction with one exemplary embodiment may be combined with features of other embodiments. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is intended to cover all such alternatives, modifications, and variations. Similarly, those skilled in the art will understand further features and advantages of this disclosure based on the embodiments described above. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to what has been specifically shown and described, except as set forth in the appended claims.

[0110] This application can be implemented in the following ways:

[0111] Project 1. A biodegradable extruded mesh, comprising:

[0112] Multiple interconnected strands, at least a portion of which are made of a polymer blend comprising:

[0113] The polylactic acid composition comprises about 40% to about 60% by weight; and

[0114] The composition comprises about 40% to about 60% by weight of polybutylene succinate.

[0115] Project 2. The biodegradable extruded wire according to Project 1 further comprises a biodegradable additive in an amount of about 0.1% to about 5% by weight.

[0116] Project 3. The biodegradable extruded mesh according to Project 1, wherein the polymer blend comprises:

[0117] A polylactic acid composition comprising about 48% to about 52% by weight; and

[0118] A composition of polybutylene succinate comprising about 48% to about 52% by weight.

[0119] Item 4. The biodegradable extruded wire according to Item 3 further comprises a biodegradable additive in an amount of about 0.1% to about 5% by weight.

[0120] Project 5. The biodegradable extruded mesh according to Project 1, wherein the degradation additive comprises a metal carboxylate in the carrier resin.

[0121] Project 6. The biodegradable extruded mesh according to Project 1, wherein the biodegradable additive comprises ferric stearate in the carrier resin.

[0122] Project 7. The biodegradable extruded mesh according to Project 1, wherein the polylactic acid composition comprises one or more polylactic acid polymers derived from plant starch.

[0123] Item 8. The biodegradable extruded mesh according to Item 1, further comprising about 5% by weight of a biodegradable additive.

[0124] Item 9. The biodegradable extruded mesh according to Item 1, further comprising about 3% by weight of a biodegradable additive.

[0125] Item 10. The biodegradable extruded wire according to Item 1, wherein the polybutylene succinate composition comprises an aliphatic polyester.

[0126] Project 11. A composite material, comprising:

[0127] The biodegradable extruded mesh of Project 1, the mesh having a first side and a second side opposite to the first side; and

[0128] The first layer of material is fixed to the first side of the net.

[0129] Item 12. A polymer blend composition suitable for preparing biodegradable extrusion webs, said polymer blend composition comprising:

[0130] The polylactic acid composition comprises about 55% to about 60% by weight;

[0131] The polybutyrate composition comprises about 35% to about 40% by weight;

[0132] The compatibilizer composition comprises about 0.5% to about 3% by weight; and

[0133] The degradation additive is used in amounts of approximately 2% to approximately 7% by weight.

[0134] Item 13. The polymer blend composition according to Item 12, comprising:

[0135] A polylactic acid composition comprising about 52% to about 58% by weight;

[0136] The composition comprises approximately 38% polybutyrate by weight;

[0137] Approximately 2% by weight of polylactic acid-polybutyrate compatibilizer; and

[0138] Degradation additives, by weight, amount to approximately 2% to 8%.

[0139] Item 14. The polymer blend composition according to Item 13, comprising:

[0140] A polylactic acid composition comprising about 55% to about 57% by weight; and

[0141] Degradation additives, by weight, are approximately 3% to 5%.

[0142] Item 15. The polymer blend composition according to Item 12, wherein the degradation additive comprises a metal carboxylate in the carrier resin.

[0143] Item 16. The polymer blend composition according to Item 12, wherein the degradation additive comprises ferric stearate in the carrier resin.

[0144] Item 17. The polymer blend composition according to Item 12, wherein the polybutyrate composition comprises one or more polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) polymers.

[0145] Item 18. The polymer blend composition according to Item 12, wherein the polylactic acid composition comprises one or more polylactic acid polymers derived from plant starch.

[0146] Item 19. The polymer blend composition according to Item 12, wherein the compatibilizer composition comprises a compatibilizer selected from polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, epoxidized cottonseed oil (ECSO) or maleic cottonseed oil (MCSO).

[0147] Item 20. The polymer blend composition according to Item 12, wherein the degradation additive comprises ferric stearate and manganese stearate in the carrier resin.

[0148] Item 21. The polymer blend composition according to Item 12, wherein the degradation additive comprises about 2.5% of ferric stearate and about 2.5% of manganese stearate.

[0149] Item 22. A polymer blend composition suitable for preparing biodegradable extrusion webs, said polymer blend composition comprising:

[0150] The polylactic acid composition comprises about 55% to about 60% by weight;

[0151] The polybutyrate composition comprises about 35% to about 43% by weight; and

[0152] The degradation additive is used in amounts of approximately 2% to approximately 7% by weight.

[0153] Item 23. The polymer blend composition according to Item 22, comprising:

[0154] The composition comprises approximately 58% polylactic acid by weight;

[0155] About 40% by weight of polybutyrate composition; and

[0156] Approximately 2% by weight of degradation additives.

[0157] Item 24. The polymer blend composition according to Item 22, wherein the degradation additive comprises a metal carboxylate in the carrier resin.

[0158] Item 25. The polymer blend composition according to Item 22, wherein the degradation additive comprises ferric stearate in the carrier resin.

[0159] Item 26. The polymer blend composition according to Item 22, wherein the polybutyrate composition comprises one or more polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) polymers.

[0160] Item 27. The polymer blend composition according to Item 22, wherein the polylactic acid composition comprises one or more polylactic acid polymers derived from plant starch.

[0161] Project 28. Turf, including:

[0162] Grasses growing in the soil; and

[0163] A biodegradable extruded mesh in soil, the mesh comprising:

[0164] Multiple interconnected strands, at least a portion of which are made of a polymer blend comprising:

[0165] The polylactic acid composition comprises about 40% to about 60% by weight; and

[0166] A polybutylene succinate (PBS) composition comprising about 40% to about 60% by weight.

[0167] Item 29. The turf according to Item 28 further includes a degradation additive in an amount of about 0.1% to about 5% by weight.

[0168] Item 30. The turf according to Item 28, wherein the degradation additive comprises ferric stearate in a carrier resin.

[0169] Project 31. A method for planting turf, comprising:

[0170] A mesh material is provided in the soil, the mesh material comprising:

[0171] Multiple interconnected strands, at least a portion of which are made of a polymer blend comprising:

[0172] The polylactic acid composition comprises about 40% to about 60% by weight;

[0173] The polybutylene succinate (PBS) composition comprises about 40% to about 60% by weight; and

[0174] A degradation additive in an amount of about 0.1% to about 5% by weight; and

[0175] Plant forage crops in the soil.

[0176] Item 32. The method of Item 31, wherein the degradation additive comprises ferric stearate in a carrier resin.

Claims

1. A biodegradable extrusion mesh, comprising: Multiple interconnected strands, at least a portion of which are made of a polymer blend, the polymer blend comprising: A combination of biodegradable polymers, which is basically composed of the following: The polylactic acid composition comprises about 55% to about 60% by weight; The composition comprises about 35% to about 40% by weight of polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT); The degradation additive is present in amounts of approximately 2% to approximately 7% by weight; and The compatibilizer composition comprises about 0.5% to about 3% by weight, wherein The degradation additives include ferric stearate and manganese stearate in the carrier resin.

2. The biodegradable extruded mesh according to claim 1, wherein the degradation additive comprises a metal carboxylate in the carrier resin.

3. The biodegradable extruded mesh according to claim 1, wherein the polylactic acid composition comprises one or more polylactic acid polymers derived from plant starch.

4. The biodegradable extruded mesh according to claim 1, wherein the PBAT composition comprises an aliphatic-aromatic copolyester.

5. The biodegradable extruded mesh according to claim 1, wherein the PBAT composition comprises at least 50% by weight of PBAT polymer.

6. The biodegradable extruded mesh according to claim 1, wherein the polylactic acid composition and the PBAT composition each comprise a polymer, and The PBAT composition therein comprises a polymer with a molecular weight lower than that of the polymer in the polylactic acid composition.

7. A composite material, comprising: The biodegradable extruded mesh of claim 1, wherein the mesh has a first side and a second side opposite to the first side; and The first layer of material is fixed to the first side of the net.

8. A polymer blend composition suitable for preparing biodegradable extrusion webs, said polymer blend composition comprising: A combination of biodegradable polymers, which is basically composed of the following: The polylactic acid composition comprises about 55% to about 60% by weight; The composition comprises about 35% to about 40% by weight of polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT); The compatibilizer composition comprises about 0.5% to about 3% by weight; and The degradation additive comprises approximately 2% to approximately 7% by weight, wherein The degradation additives include ferric stearate and manganese stearate in the carrier resin.

9. The polymer blend composition according to claim 8, wherein the degradation additive comprises a metal carboxylate in the carrier resin.

10. The polymer blend composition of claim 8, wherein the PBAT composition comprises at least 50% by weight of PBAT polymer.

11. The polymer blend composition of claim 8, wherein the polylactic acid composition and the PBAT composition each comprise a polymer, and The PBAT composition therein comprises a polymer with a molecular weight lower than that of the polymer in the polylactic acid composition.

12. The polymer blend composition of claim 8, wherein the polylactic acid composition comprises one or more polylactic acid polymers derived from plant starch.

13. The polymer blend composition according to claim 8, wherein the compatibilizer composition comprises a compatibilizer selected from polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, epoxidized cottonseed oil (ECSO), or maleic cottonseed oil (MCSO).

14. The polymer blend composition according to claim 8, wherein the degradation additive comprises about 2.5% of ferric stearate and about 2.5% of manganese stearate.

15. A type of turf, comprising: Grass growing in the soil; and A biodegradable extruded mesh in soil, the mesh comprising the biodegradable extruded mesh according to claim 1.

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