Greening structure giving consideration to slope reinforcement and ecological restoration and matched planting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a greening structure giving consideration to slope reinforcement and ecological restoration and a matched planting method. The greening structure structurally comprises a slope surface cleaning layer, a net hanging reinforcement layer (a net body and an anchor rod) and a spray-seeding substrate layer (the bottom layer contains a water-retaining adhesive and the seed layer contains mixed grass seeds). The method comprises the steps of slope surface cleaning, net hanging, material mixing (accurate proportioning of an eight-square tank car), spray seeding (two-layer spraying of a hydraulic wet spraying machine) and covering maintenance. The method solves the problems of low vegetation survival rate, poor soil fixation and long period in the prior art, is suitable for various severe slopes, can spray-seeding more than 2000m < 2 > per day, has the cost 5-10 times lower than that of stone slope protection, can germinate in 20 days and grow vegetation in 3 months, takes both rapid greening and long-term reinforcement into account, and has remarkable ecological and economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope ecological restoration and reinforcement technology, specifically a greening structure and supporting planting method that takes into account both slope reinforcement and ecological restoration. It is applicable to greening and protection projects for complex terrains such as highway and railway slopes, exposed mountain slopes in mines, abandoned slag heaps, and deserts. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, slope greening technology generally faces three major problems: First, the survival rate of vegetation is low, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the matrix layer in traditional technology is insufficient, making it difficult to adapt to harsh geological conditions; second, the soil stabilization stability is poor, as relying solely on the root system of a single vegetation species results in weak resistance to rainwater erosion and wind erosion in the early stages, which can easily lead to slope collapse; and third, the ecological restoration cycle is long, making it impossible to quickly form stable vegetation cover, resulting in delayed ecological benefits.

[0003] While hydroseeding technology, as an efficient method of vegetation establishment, has been applied to slope greening, existing technologies still have shortcomings in equipment compatibility, material ratio accuracy, and structural synergy. For example, traditional dry spraying machines have low construction efficiency and generate a lot of dust; there is no unified standard for the amount of water-retaining agents and adhesives used in materials, resulting in significant differences in effects on different slopes; and it mainly focuses on short-term greening without forming a long-term structural system of "reinforcement-repair-stabilization".

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated solution that can simultaneously address reinforcement and repair issues. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of low vegetation survival rate, insufficient soil stabilization stability, and long ecological restoration cycle in existing slope greening technologies. It provides a greening structure and supporting planting method that takes into account both slope reinforcement and ecological restoration, so as to achieve efficient greening construction on various complex slopes, improve the slope's resistance to erosion and soil stabilization capacity, shorten the ecological restoration cycle, take into account both short-term greening effect and long-term stability, reduce costs and improve the ecological environment.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A greening structure that combines slope reinforcement and ecological restoration includes, from bottom to top, a slope cleaning layer, a wire mesh reinforcement layer, and a hydroseeding substrate layer;

[0008] The slope cleaning layer is a slope surface that has been cleared of gravel and debris and leveled, with a slope error of ≤5°;

[0009] The mesh reinforcement layer includes a mesh body and anchor bolts. The mesh body is a galvanized iron wire mesh or a three-dimensional mesh with a thickness of ≥10mm. The anchor bolts are 30-50cm long, spaced at 1.5×1.5m, and embedded in the slope surface to a depth of ≥20cm.

[0010] The hydroseeding substrate layer is divided into a bottom layer and a seed layer. The bottom layer consists of soil, water-retaining agent, adhesive, organic fertilizer, and compound fertilizer, with a thickness of 2-2.5cm. The seed layer consists of soil and grass seeds, with the grass seeds being broadleaf grass, bermudagrass, yellow locust, pigeon pea, and silver acacia mixed in a ratio of 3:3:2:1:1, and a thickness of 0.5-1cm.

[0011] A combined planting method that integrates slope reinforcement and ecological restoration includes the following steps:

[0012] (1) Slope cleaning: Remove gravel and debris from the slope, level the protrusions and fill the depressions, and locally chisel the flat areas when the slope is >45°.

[0013] (2) Netting operation: Lay the netting and fix it with anchor bolts in a quincunx pattern. The overlap width of the netting edge is ≥10cm.

[0014] (3) Material preparation and mixing: Add water to the 8 cubic meter tanker truck to 30% of its volume, then add 4 cubic meters of soil and stir for 10 minutes. Add the bottom layer material and stir for 15 minutes. For the seed layer, mix grass seeds with 1 cubic meter of soil separately.

[0015] (4) Hydroseeding operation: The hydraulic pump-type wet sprayer first sprays the bottom layer at a pressure of 0.3-0.5MPa, and then sprays the seed layer at 2-hour intervals, with the nozzle 1.5-2m away from the slope.

[0016] (5) Covering and maintenance: Cover with 120g / ㎡ non-woven fabric within 1 hour after spraying and fix with U-shaped nails. During the maintenance period, keep the substrate moisture content at 20%-30%. Remove the non-woven fabric after the germination rate reaches 80%. Fertilize once a month for 3 months.

[0017] Furthermore, the galvanized iron wire mesh has a wire diameter of 2-3mm and a mesh size of 50×50mm, making it suitable for rock and fractured slopes. The three-dimensional mesh is suitable for soil mixed with rock and weathered rock slopes.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (3), the bottom layer material is prepared according to the following ratio for an 8 cubic meter tanker: two spoonfuls each of water-retaining agent and adhesive, each spoonful weighing 500g, as well as half a bag of organic fertilizer and half a bag of compound fertilizer.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (4), the daily spraying area is ≥3000㎡ and the total thickness is 3cm.

[0020] Beneficial effects of this invention:

[0021] Effectiveness: Mechanized operations can spray over 3000㎡ per day, shorten the construction period by 50%, and reduce labor costs by 60%;

[0022] High adaptability: Suitable for harsh slopes such as rock, gravel, and fractured layers; adaptable to different geological conditions by using netting and special substrate.

[0023] Strong reinforcement: The mesh layer + matrix layer (including adhesive) provides initial erosion resistance, and the vegetation root system provides deep soil stabilization in the later stage, improving slope stability by more than 80%.

[0024] Economic benefits: The cost is 5-10 times lower than that of masonry slope protection, and the later maintenance cost is reduced by 70%;

[0025] Ecological benefits: Seeds germinate in 20-30 days and form vegetation cover in 3 months, rapidly improving soil conditions and promoting ecological balance.

[0026] Flexibility: The spraying materials and grass species can be adjusted according to different geological and climatic conditions, making it suitable for various scenarios such as highway slopes, mine revegetation, and urban greening. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation effect of the present invention (I);

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram (II) illustrating the implementation effect of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram (iii) illustrating the implementation effect of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation effect of the present invention (IV);

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation effect of the present invention (V);

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram (six) illustrating the implementation effect of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] This invention provides a greening structure and supporting planting method that combines slope reinforcement and ecological restoration.

[0035] I. Greening Structure

[0036] The greening structure of the present invention comprises, from bottom to top:

[0037] Slope cleaning layer: Remove gravel and debris from the slope, level protrusions and fill depressions to ensure that the slope error is ≤5°, provide a flat foundation for subsequent structures and reduce uneven stress on the matrix layer;

[0038] Reinforcement layer with wire mesh: Select galvanized iron wire mesh (wire diameter 2-3mm, mesh size 50×50mm) or three-dimensional mesh (thickness) according to the slope geology.

[0039] ≥10mm), anchor rods (30-50cm in length, 1.5×1.5m spacing) are used for fixing in a quincunx pattern. The anchor rods are embedded in the slope to a depth of ≥20cm, and the overlap width of the mesh edge is ≥10cm to form an initial anti-slip skeleton and prevent the matrix layer from slipping.

[0040] The hydroseeding substrate layer consists of two layers: a bottom layer and a seed layer.

[0041] The bottom layer is composed of soil, water-retaining agent (500g / ㎡), binder (500g / ㎡), organic fertilizer (250g / ㎡), and compound fertilizer (250g / ㎡), with a thickness of 2-2.5cm. It plays a role in water retention, soil stabilization, and providing basic nutrients.

[0042] Seed layer: It is a mixture of soil and grass seeds (broadleaf grass, bermudagrass, yellow locust, pigeon pea, and silver acacia in a ratio of 3:3:2:1:1, with a dosage of 30-40g / ㎡), with a thickness of 0.5-1cm, to ensure uniform distribution and germination of seeds.

[0043] II. Supporting Planting Methods

[0044] The specific steps are as follows:

[0045] Slope clearing: This involves a combination of manual labor and machinery (such as small excavators) to remove debris such as gravel, weeds, and humus from the slope.

[0046] For slopes greater than 45°, additional local leveling treatment should be carried out to ensure that the flatness of the slope meets the requirements for netting.

[0047] Netting operation: Lay the corresponding netting according to the slope geology. Galvanized iron wire mesh is suitable for rock and fractured layer slopes, while three-dimensional netting is suitable for soil mixed with rock and weathered rock slopes. The anchor bolt drilling depth is 5cm deeper than the anchor bolt length. After installation, cement mortar is poured in to fix it, ensuring that the netting is tightly attached to the slope without loosening.

[0048] Material preparation and mixing: Use an 8 cubic meter tanker truck for mixing. First, add 30% water by volume, then add 4 cubic meters of soil (particle size ≤ 5mm), and mix for 10 minutes. Add the bottom layer materials (two spoons each of water-retaining agent and adhesive, 500g per spoon; half a bag of organic fertilizer and half a bag of compound fertilizer), and mix for 15 minutes until uniform. Mix the seed layer separately by mixing grass seeds with 1 cubic meter of soil.

[0049] Hydroseeding operation: Use a hydraulic pump-type wet sprayer, control the spraying pressure at 0.3-0.5MPa, and keep the nozzle 1.5-2m away from the slope. First spray the bottom layer to ensure that the netting completely covers the area and the thickness meets the requirements. Spray the seed layer after a 2-hour interval, and move the nozzle at a uniform speed to ensure uniformity. The daily spraying area can reach 3000㎡ (3cm total thickness).

[0050] Covering and maintenance: Cover with non-woven fabric (120g / ㎡) within 1 hour after spraying and fix with U-shaped nails (50cm spacing); water 1-2 times a day during the maintenance period to keep the substrate moisture content at 20%-30%. Remove the non-woven fabric after the seed germination rate reaches 80%. Apply a light fertilizer once a month for 3 months thereafter.

[0051] Specific example: Taking a rock slope of a highway (50° slope, area 5000㎡) as an example:

[0052] The mesh used for the anchoring is galvanized iron wire mesh (wire diameter 2.5mm, mesh size 50×50mm), the anchor bolts are 40cm long and spaced 1.5×1.5m apart;

[0053] Substrate: 4 cubic meters of soil + 1 kg of water-retaining agent + 1 kg of adhesive + 50 kg of organic fertilizer + 50 kg of compound fertilizer, spraying thickness 2.2 cm;

[0054] Seed layer: 1 cubic meter of soil + grass seeds (900g broadleaf grass, 900g bermudagrass, 600g yellow locust, 300g pigeon pea, 300g silver acacia), spraying thickness 0.8cm;

[0055] The seed germination rate reached 85% 20 days after construction, and a complete vegetation cover was formed in 3 months, increasing the slope's erosion resistance by 80%. After 1 year, the root depth of the vegetation reached 30cm, significantly enhancing soil stability.

[0056] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A greening structure that combines slope reinforcement and ecological restoration, characterized in that: From bottom to top, it includes a slope cleaning layer, a wire mesh reinforcement layer, and a hydroseeding substrate layer; The slope cleaning layer is a slope surface that has been cleared of gravel and debris and leveled, with a slope error of ≤5°; The mesh reinforcement layer includes a mesh body and anchor rods. The mesh body is a galvanized iron wire mesh or a three-dimensional mesh, and the anchor rods are steel bars with a length of 30-50cm, a spacing of 1.5×1.5m, and an embedment depth of ≥20cm into the slope surface. The hydroseeding substrate layer is divided into a bottom layer and a seed layer. The bottom layer consists of soil, water-retaining agent, adhesive, organic fertilizer, and compound fertilizer, with a thickness of 2-2.5cm. The seed layer consists of soil and grass seeds, with the grass seeds being broadleaf grass, bermudagrass, yellow locust, pigeon pea, and silver acacia mixed in a ratio of 3:3:2:1:1, and a thickness of 1-2cm.

2. A combined planting method that integrates slope reinforcement and ecological restoration, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Slope cleaning: Remove gravel and debris from the slope, level the protrusions and fill the depressions, and locally chisel the flat areas when the slope is >45°. (2) Netting operation: Lay the netting and fix it with anchor bolts in a quincunx pattern. The overlap width of the netting edge is ≥10cm. (3) Material preparation and mixing: Add water to the 8 cubic meter tanker truck to 30% of its volume, then add 4 cubic meters of soil and stir for 10 minutes. Add the bottom layer material and stir for 15 minutes. For the seed layer, mix grass seeds with 1 cubic meter of soil separately. (4) Hydroseeding operation: The hydraulic pump-type wet sprayer first sprays the bottom layer at a pressure of 0.3-0.5MPa, and then sprays the seed layer at 2-hour intervals, with the nozzle 1.5-2m away from the slope. (5) Covering and maintenance: Cover with 120g / ㎡ non-woven fabric within 1 hour after spraying and fix with U-shaped nails. During the maintenance period, keep the substrate moisture content at 20%-30%. Remove the non-woven fabric after the germination rate reaches 80%. Fertilize once a month for 3 months.

3. The greening structure that combines slope reinforcement and ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The galvanized iron wire mesh has a wire diameter of 2-3mm and a mesh size of 50×50mm. It is suitable for rock and fractured slopes, while the three-dimensional mesh is suitable for soil mixed with rock and weathered rock slopes.

4. The planting method that combines slope reinforcement and ecological restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (3), the bottom layer materials are prepared according to the following ratio for an 8 cubic meter tanker: two spoonfuls each of water-retaining agent and adhesive, each spoonful weighing 500g, and half a bag of organic fertilizer and half a bag of compound fertilizer.

5. A planting method that combines slope reinforcement and ecological restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (4), the daily spraying area is ≥2000㎡ and the total thickness is 3cm.

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