Segmented filling rapid mining method

Abstract

The invention discloses a subsection filling rapid mining method, which belongs to the technical field of mine engineering, and comprises the following steps: synchronously tunneling all subsections of rock drilling mine receiving roadways; a buffer zone is reserved between the drilling and blasting ranges of the downward shallow holes and the upward medium-length holes of the upper and lower sections; the downward shallow hole of the upper segment is detonated for shallow hole presplitting blasting, and a presplitting weak face is formed; primary filling is conducted through a stope connection gateway, roof contact is avoided during primary filling, and a reserved space is formed in the upper portion of a filling body; and after the filling body is initially set, the filling body enters the upper-section rock drilling mine roadway to lay a filling pipeline, and secondary filling is carried out until the filling body is full of a bottom plate of the upper-section rock drilling mine roadway. According to the method, the problem that the pre-excavated roadway is prone to being disturbed and damaged by blasting is solved by synchronously tunneling all the segmented rock drilling mine roadways and combining with the design of reserving the buffer strip, then the mining preparation project is allowed to be propelled in parallel, the mining preparation period is shortened, and the production capacity of a stope is improved; and through a graded filling process, the problem of roof support failure caused by insufficient roof contact rate of the filling body is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mining engineering technology, and in particular relates to a rapid mining method with segmented backfilling. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, global demand for metallic and non-metallic mineral resources remains strong, and market prices have remained high for an extended period. Against this backdrop, mining companies urgently need to seize market opportunities and improve economic efficiency by shortening the mining cycle and accelerating ore production capacity. The segmented backfilling mining method, due to its excellent ground pressure control and environmental protection, is widely used in mining precious metals, rare metals, and high-value non-metallic ore bodies with high stability requirements. However, the traditional implementation mode of this method severely restricts the mining speed, mainly due to delays in the construction period. In an attempt to shorten the construction period, some mines have tried to pre-excavate upper segmented drilling roadways. However, when large-scale deep-hole blasting is carried out in segmented mining, the resulting violent vibrations and shock waves directly destroy the pre-excavated roadways directly above, causing the roadway roof and walls to collapse and deform, losing their drilling and ore-producing functions. More seriously, the damaged area forms irregular, "inverted lid" shaped high-risk exposed spaces, with the roof rock mass in a highly unbalanced state, posing a fatal risk of collapse at any time. Personnel and equipment are unable to enter the area to work, which not only prevents the achievement of the pre-excavation intention, but also requires a large amount of resources to deal with the dangerous area, further delaying the construction period.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rapid mining method that can achieve low-disturbance pre-excavation of upper-section roadways while ensuring safety, in order to shorten the construction period. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the background art, this application provides a segmented backfilling rapid mining method, including: S1. Arrange the mining preparation project, excavate the external tunnels and rock drilling ore receiving tunnels, and simultaneously excavate all sections of the rock drilling ore receiving tunnels. S2. Drill shallow holes downward in the upper section of the rock-drilling ore-receiving roadway, and drill medium-deep holes upward at the design position of the adjacent lower section, and reserve a buffer zone between the rock-drilling blasting range of the upper and lower sections. S3. The downward shallow holes of the upper section are used for shallow hole pre-splitting blasting to form a pre-splitting weak surface. S4. After shallow hole pre-splitting blasting, the upper-to-medium-deep hole main blasting of the lower segment is triggered by micro-delay method to break the lower segment ore body and buffer zone, so as to realize the coordinated ore and rock falling of the upper and lower segments to the lower segment rock drilling and ore receiving roadway. S5. Ore is transported out through the lower segmented rock drilling receiving tunnel; S6. Use the mining area connecting roadway for primary filling. Primary filling does not connect to the roof, leaving a reserved space above the filling body. After the filling body has initially set, lay filling pipes in the upper section drilling roadway and carry out secondary filling until the bottom plate of the upper section drilling roadway is full.

[0005] In some implementations, in step S6, the termination condition for the single filling is that the filling height reaches a preset threshold and stops when it is 1 meter away from the top.

[0006] In some implementations, in step S6, the initiation condition for the secondary filling is that the filling material reaches a walkable initial setting state.

[0007] In some implementations, in step S6, the secondary filling is achieved by multi-point injection to ensure complete contact between the filling body and the top.

[0008] In some implementations, in step S1, if the construction resources are only sufficient to excavate two rock-drilling ore-receiving tunnels simultaneously, then the synchronous excavation of the rock-drilling ore-receiving tunnels is carried out from bottom to top.

[0009] In some implementations, in step S2, the thickness of the buffer zone is determined based on ore body stability and blasting design calculations.

[0010] In some implementations, in step S3, the charge amount for the shallow hole pre-splitting blast is less than the charge amount for the deep hole main blast in the lower segment.

[0011] In some implementations, in step S4, the differential delay is precisely timed by a differential delay detonator or an electronic control system.

[0012] In some implementations, in step S2, the depth and angle of the downward shallow hole and the upward medium-deep hole are calculated and determined based on the ore body hardness and thickness parameters.

[0013] In some implementations, in step S4, the size of the ore blocks in the synergistic ore-falling process is controlled within a preset range.

[0014] This invention provides a segmented backfilling rapid mining method. By simultaneously excavating all segments of the rock-drilling roadway in S1, combined with a reserved buffer zone design, the problem of pre-excavated roadways being susceptible to blasting disturbance and damage is solved. This allows for parallel progress of pre-mining work, shortens the pre-mining cycle, and improves the production capacity of the mining area. The reserved buffer zone in S1, in conjunction with shallow-hole pre-splitting blasting in S3 and micro-delayed medium-deep-hole main blasting in S4, utilizes the physical damping effect of the ore body itself to absorb the impact energy of the lower segmented main blasting. Simultaneously, the pre-splitting weak surfaces guide the blasting energy to diffuse in a directional manner, avoiding damage to the pre-excavated roadway from seismic waves. Through the segmented backfilling process in S6, a primary backfill is performed with reserved space, avoiding settlement and deformation while providing working space above the backfill for secondary backfilling. Then, secondary backfilling connects the backfill to the roadway floor, thus solving the problem of roof support failure caused by insufficient backfill roof contact rate and enhancing the bearing capacity of the backfill to the overlying strata.

[0015] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this application, the accompanying drawings used in this application will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the engineering layout of a segmented backfilling rapid mining method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the engineering layout of a segmented filling rapid mining method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a single filling process in the engineering layout lateral direction of a segmented filling rapid mining method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the secondary filling process in the side direction of the engineering layout of a segmented filling rapid mining method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-point filling method for a secondary filling process in the positive direction of an engineering layout of a segmented filling rapid mining method provided in this application embodiment.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 10, stope connection roadway; 20, upper section drilling ore receiving roadway; 30, lower section drilling ore receiving roadway; 40, downward shallow hole; 50, upward medium-deep hole; 60, buffer zone. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0022] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0025] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0028] For ease of understanding, this embodiment provides a construction environment for implementing the segmented backfilling rapid mining method provided in this application, referring to... Figures 1 to 5 It includes: a mining area connecting roadway 10 for the safe entry and exit of personnel and equipment, an upper sub-section drilling and ore receiving roadway 20 and a lower sub-section drilling and ore receiving roadway 30 excavated along the ore body, the upper sub-section drilling and ore receiving roadway 20 having a downward shallow hole 40, the lower sub-section drilling and ore receiving roadway 30 having an upward medium-deep hole 50, and a ore body buffer zone 60 left between the downward shallow hole 40 and the upward medium-deep hole 50 without drilling.

[0029] A segmented backfilling rapid mining method, referring to Figure 1 ,include: S1. Arrange the mining preparation project, excavate the external vein roadway and the rock drilling receiving roadway, and simultaneously excavate all the rock drilling receiving roadways in each section; specifically, excavate the middle section of the external vein roadway along the strike of the ore body as the connecting channel between each section, and excavate the first, second and third sections of the external vein roadway from this roadway towards the ore body. The section height is set according to the thickness of the ore body and the parameters of the mining equipment. For example, the section height is set to 8-12 meters. The drilling and ore-receiving tunnels are excavated from the external roadways of each segment into the ore body. These tunnels are specialized engineering structures for drilling and ore receiving. All segmental drilling and ore-receiving tunnels are constructed using a synchronous excavation method, meaning that all segmental drilling and ore-receiving tunnels are constructed simultaneously during the preparation stage, rather than waiting for the lower segment to be filled before excavating the upper segment. This parallel engineering accelerates the mining process and shortens the mining period. In this embodiment, a buffer zone 60 of a certain thickness of un-drilled ore body is reserved between the upper and lower drilling blasting areas. This buffer zone 60 absorbs the blasting impact energy through the physical damping effect of the ore body itself. The method of pre-fracturing blasting in the upper section prevents the shock waves generated by the main blast in the lower section from being directly transmitted to the pre-excavated roadway in the upper section, thus protecting the structural integrity of the roadway. Simultaneously, shallow-hole pre-fracturing blasting is performed in the upper section to create a pre-fracturing weak surface at the top of the 60mm buffer zone, weakening the internal structure of the ore body in advance and reducing the vibration intensity of the subsequent main blast. This provides a directional collapse surface during the deep-hole main blast in the lower section, allowing the blasting energy to diffuse along the weak surface rather than being transmitted vertically upwards, thereby reducing the disturbance of the blasting to the existing roadway. Furthermore, by using micro-delay initiation, the blasting energy is decomposed into two parts, reducing the peak blasting energy and further reducing the impact force on the roadway. For example, while the first section of the rock-drilling receiving roadway is being excavated, the construction of the second and third sections of the rock-drilling receiving roadway is simultaneously initiated. During the excavation process, anchor mesh spraying support is used to ensure the stability of the roadway. The roadway cross-sectional dimensions are designed according to the operational requirements of the loader; for example, the width × height of the rock-drilling receiving roadway is 3.5 meters × 3.0 meters.

[0030] S2. Drill shallow downward holes 40 in the upper section rock-drilling ore-receiving roadway 20, and drill medium-deep upward holes 50 at the designed positions of the adjacent lower section. Reserve a buffer zone 60 between the upper and lower section rock-drilling blasting ranges. Specifically, the shallow downward holes 40 are shallow holes with the drilling direction downward, used for pre-splitting blasting; the medium-deep upward holes 50 are medium-deep holes with the drilling direction upward, used for main blasting; the buffer zone 60 is a reserved ore body of a certain thickness that is not drilled to absorb the blasting impact. The purpose of this step is to prepare for the blasting operation while protecting the pre-excavated roadway from damage, reducing the risk of damage to the roadway from blasting vibration and enhancing safety. The reserved ore body is used as a physical buffer to absorb vibration energy, thus preparing for subsequent micro-differential blasting on the one hand, and protecting the already formed upper section rock-drilling ore-receiving roadway 20 on the other hand. For example, within the established upper-section drilling and receiving roadway 20, a rock drill is used to drill shallow downward holes 40, with a depth of 1.5-2.5 meters, a diameter of 42 millimeters, a hole spacing of 0.8-1.0 meters, and a row spacing of 0.6-0.8 meters. The drilling direction forms an angle of 30-45 degrees with the horizontal plane, ensuring that the boreholes cover the area of ​​the upper-section ore body to be blasted. At the designed location of the adjacent lower section, for example, the vertical distance from the upper-section drilling and receiving roadway 20 is 8-12 meters. Using a medium-deep hole drilling rig, drill upwards to create medium-deep holes 50, with a depth of 5-8 meters, a diameter of 110 mm, a hole spacing of 2.0-2.5 meters, and a row spacing of 1.5-2.0 meters. The drilling direction forms an angle of 70°-85° with the horizontal plane, covering the lower section of ore body to be blasted. Between the upper and lower sections of the drilling and blasting area, retain an ore body with a thickness of 1-2 meters as a buffer zone 60. No drilling is carried out in this area; it is used to absorb the blasting impact energy and protect the upper section of the pre-excavated roadway.

[0031] S3. Shallow hole pre-splitting blasting is performed on the downward shallow holes 40 of the upper section to form a pre-fractured weak surface. Specifically, shallow hole pre-splitting blasting uses a smaller charge to create a fracture zone in the ore body, forming a weak surface. This releases ground stress and provides guidance for the subsequent main blast, reducing the vibration intensity and energy demand of the main blast, and further protecting the integrity of the roadway. For example, the downward shallow holes 40 drilled in S2 are charged with emulsion explosives. The charge length is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the hole depth, and the charge amount per hole does not exceed five kilograms. The hole opening is sealed with stemming material. A non-electric detonator detonation network is used to detonate the shallow holes row by row, and the stress wave generated by the explosive detonation forms a pre-fractured weak surface in the ore body.

[0032] S4. After shallow-hole pre-splitting blasting, the main blast of the upper-to-medium-deep hole 50 in the lower section is triggered by a micro-delay method, breaking the ore body and buffer zone 60 in the lower section, realizing the coordinated ore and rock falling from the upper and lower sections to the lower section drilling roadway 30; specifically, the micro-delay method uses a short time delay to control the blasting sequence, ensuring that pre-splitting is completed first, and then the main blast utilizes the weak face to efficiently break the ore body. By controlling the blasting energy through the timing, the pre-splitting weak face guides the direction of ore and rock collapse. Under the action of gravity, the ore and rock fall into the lower section roadway, thereby achieving efficient mining and blasting. To address the issue of incomplete ore breaking; for example, after shallow hole pre-splitting blasting is completed, the main blast of the lower segment medium-deep holes is triggered by setting the delay time of the micro-differential detonator to 25-100 milliseconds, thereby ensuring that the pre-splitting weak surface is fully formed before starting the main blast. The lower segment medium-deep holes adopt an interval charging structure, using high-power emulsion explosives with a charge density of 0.8-1.0 kg / m, and the hole opening sealing length is not less than 2 meters. The detonation is carried out row by row through the detonation network, and the explosive energy is used to break the lower segment ore body and the reserved buffer zone 60.

[0033] S5. Ore is transported out through the lower segmented rock drilling ore receiving tunnel 30. S6, Reference Figure 3 The first filling is carried out using the connecting roadway 10 in the stope. The first filling does not connect to the roof, creating a reserved space above the filling body. After the filling body has initially set, refer to... Figure 4 and Figure 5 The process begins with laying filling pipes in the upper section of the drilling and receiving roadway 20, followed by secondary filling until the floor of the upper section of the drilling and receiving roadway 20 is fully filled. Specifically, the primary filling is to initially fill the goaf while reserving space to avoid settlement issues. The purpose of using the stope connecting roadway 10 for filling is that after blasting, the floor of the drilling and receiving roadway is suspended due to the collapse of the ore body, forming a cantilever beam state with unstable bearing capacity. Therefore, the stope connecting roadway 10 is used as the working space to fill the goaf to ensure operational safety. The secondary filling is carried out after the filling material has initially set, and then supplemented with filling through pipes to ensure complete roof contact, thereby increasing the roof contact rate, supporting the overlying strata, enhancing long-term safety, and directly solving the problem of incomplete roof contact during filling.

[0034] This application provides a segmented backfilling rapid mining method. By simultaneously excavating all segments of the rock-drilling ore-receiving roadway in S1 and combining it with a reserved buffer zone 60, the problem of pre-excavated roadways being susceptible to blasting disturbance and damage is solved. This allows for parallel advancement of the mining preparation project, shortens the mining preparation cycle, and improves the production capacity of the stope. The reserved buffer zone 60 in S1, in conjunction with shallow hole pre-splitting blasting in S3 and micro-delayed medium-deep hole main blasting in S4, utilizes the physical damping effect of the ore body itself to absorb the impact energy of the lower segment main blasting. At the same time, the pre-splitting weak surface guides the blasting energy to diffuse in a directional manner, avoiding damage to the pre-excavated roadway from the shock wave. Through the segmented backfilling process in S6, a first backfill is performed with reserved space. This avoids settlement and deformation while reserving working space above the backfill body for the second backfill. Then, the second backfill is used to connect to the roof to the roadway floor, thereby solving the problem of roof support failure caused by insufficient roof connection rate of the backfill body and enhancing the bearing capacity of the backfill body to the overlying rock.

[0035] In some implementations, refer to Figure 3 In step S6, the termination condition for one filling operation is that the filling height reaches a preset threshold and stops when it is 1 meter away from the top. Specifically, filling stops when the filling height is 1 meter away from the top position. This preset threshold serves as the termination condition for one filling operation, thereby creating a 1-meter-high space in the filling body formed by the first filling to coordinate the settlement process of the filling body, and this space is used as the working space for setting up filling pipes during subsequent secondary filling. In mining engineering, backfill material will naturally shrink under its own weight in the early stage of solidification. If it is filled to the height of the roof in one go, the voids formed by the shrinkage will reduce the roof connection rate and weaken the supporting effect of the backfill on the roof. If the reserved space is too small, it will be difficult for the backfill pipe to extend into the reserved space, resulting in uneven filling in the reserved space. Therefore, the reserved space needs to be of a suitable height, which can allow the backfill to complete the main shrinkage process before the initial setting, provide timely and sufficient support for the sidewall of the goaf, and reserve a safe and sufficiently high operating passage for secondary backfilling to prevent insufficient backfilling work due to space limitations.

[0036] In some implementations, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 5 In step S6, the condition for initiating secondary filling is that the filling body reaches a walkable initial setting state. Specifically, the walkable initial setting state refers to the physical state in which the filling body formed by the primary filling reaches a surface hardening and has sufficient bearing capacity to support personnel walking safely during the solidification process. The purpose is to ensure the safety of personnel when entering the upper section rock drilling receiving roadway 20 and entering the reserved space to lay filling pipes to the filling body formed by the primary filling.

[0037] In some implementations, refer to Figure 5In step S6, the secondary filling achieves complete roof contact of the filling body through multi-point grouting. Specifically, multi-point grouting refers to entering the reserved space within the primary filling stage through the bottom plate of the upper segmented drilling roadway 20 and the stope connecting roadway 10 during the secondary filling stage. Multiple filling pipes are laid above the filling body formed in the primary filling stage to set multiple preset filling points. Filling material is injected simultaneously or sequentially to form a multi-directional slurry flow covering the space formed by the goaf roof and the top of the primary filling body. This avoids the flow dead zone formed by single-point grouting, reduces the resistance of the slurry flow path, and allows the filling material to uniformly fill the irregular gaps in the reserved space under the dual action of gravity and pressure, thus solving the problem of incomplete roof contact caused by flow restriction.

[0038] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 In step S1, if the construction resources can only carry out the excavation of two rock drilling tunnels at the same time, then the synchronous excavation of the rock drilling tunnels is carried out from bottom to top. Specifically, "construction resource constraints" refers to a situation where only two roadways can be constructed in parallel due to limitations in equipment and manpower. Under this constraint, the synchronous excavation sequence needs to be optimized. "Bottom-up excavation" refers to prioritizing the construction of the drilling roadway from the lowest segment during the preparatory stage. For example, when the drilling roadway is divided into the first, second, and third drilling roadways, the positional relationship between them is as follows: the first drilling roadway is at the bottom, the third drilling roadway is at the top, and the second drilling roadway is in between. In this case, the first and second drilling roadways are constructed first. After they have been excavated to a stable state, the third drilling roadway is constructed simultaneously during the backfilling process of the lower ore body. The purpose of this process is that the lowest and middle drilling roadways will affect the backfilling of the ore body, so they need to be excavated first, thereby shortening the construction period through process optimization.

[0039] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 In step S2, the thickness of the buffer zone 60 is determined based on the stability of the ore body and blasting design calculations. Specifically, the ore body stability parameters are obtained through geological exploration and rock mechanics testing, including, for example, the Protodyakonov hardness coefficient, the degree of joint development, and the distribution of ground stress; the blasting design includes the type of explosive, the amount of explosive, and the detonation sequence, and the thickness range of the buffer zone 60 is calculated through the minimum resistance line.

[0040] In some implementations, in step S3, the charge amount for shallow-hole pre-splitting blasting is less than that for the main blasting of the next segment's medium-deep holes. The purpose is to differentiate blasting capabilities through varying charge amounts, thereby defining the functions of shallow-hole pre-splitting blasting and medium-deep hole main blasting. Specifically, shallow-hole pre-splitting blasting only achieves the function of stress guidance with a smaller charge amount, while medium-deep hole blasting only considers the function of efficient ore body fragmentation with a high charge amount.

[0041] In some implementations, in step S4, the micro-delay detonation is precisely timed using a micro-delay detonator or an electronic control system. Specifically, micro-delay blasting is achieved using a micro-delay detonator or an electronic control system.

[0042] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 In step S2, the depth and angle of the downward shallow hole 40 and the upward medium-deep hole 50 are calculated and determined based on the ore body hardness and thickness parameters. Specifically, ore body hardness refers to the physical strength characteristics of the ore, including the Protodyakonov coefficient f-value or uniaxial compressive strength, while ore body thickness specifically refers to the geometric dimensions of the ore body in the direction of borehole extension. For example, the ore body hardness parameters are obtained through core testing or point load testing. For high-hardness ore bodies with a Protodyakonov coefficient higher than 12, the borehole spacing is reduced and the charge linear density is increased to overcome shear strength; for low-hardness ore bodies with a Protodyakonov coefficient lower than 8, the spacing is increased to avoid excessive fracturing. The ore body thickness parameters are determined through geological profiles and dominate the borehole depth calculation. The angle design is based on functional differences: the downward shallow hole 40 adopts a near-vertical angle to improve the vertical propagation efficiency of stress waves and promote the penetration of weak surfaces; the upward medium-deep hole 50 adopts an inclined angle to utilize gravity to promote the ore to collapse towards the receiving tunnel.

[0043] In some implementations, in step S4, the size of the ore blocks from the ore is controlled within a preset range. Specifically, the preset range refers to the threshold size for acceptable ore block size determined based on the specifications of the mine transportation equipment and the requirements of subsequent crushing and processing, thereby avoiding secondary crushing costs and ensuring transportation continuity.

[0044] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, and within the spirit and principles of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments with the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of this application, are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A segmented backfilling rapid mining method, characterized in that, include: S1. Arrange the mining preparation project, excavate the external tunnels and rock drilling ore receiving tunnels, and simultaneously excavate all sections of the rock drilling ore receiving tunnels. S2. Drill shallow holes (40) downward in the upper section rock drilling tunnel (20), drill medium-deep holes (50) upward at the design position of the adjacent lower section, and reserve a buffer zone (60) between the upper and lower section rock drilling blasting ranges. S3. The downward shallow hole (40) of the upper section is used for shallow hole pre-splitting blasting to form a pre-splitting weak surface; S4. After shallow hole pre-fracture blasting, the main blasting of the upper medium-deep hole (50) of the lower segment is triggered by micro-delay method to break the lower segment ore body and buffer zone (60), so as to realize the coordinated ore and rock falling of the upper and lower segments to the lower segment rock drilling and ore receiving roadway (30). S5. Ore is transported out through the lower segmented rock-drilling ore-receiving tunnel (30); S6. Use the mining connection roadway (10) for primary filling. Primary filling does not connect to the roof, and a reserved space is formed in the upper part of the filling body. After the filling body initially sets, enter the upper section rock drilling and receiving roadway (20) to lay the filling pipeline and carry out secondary filling until it is full of the bottom plate of the upper section rock drilling and receiving roadway (20).

2. The segmented backfilling rapid mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, the termination condition for the single filling is that the filling height reaches a preset threshold and stops when it is 1 meter away from the top.

3. The segmented backfilling rapid mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S6, the initiation condition for the secondary filling is that the filling body reaches a walkable initial setting state.

4. The segmented backfilling rapid mining method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S6, the secondary filling is achieved by multi-point injection to ensure complete contact between the filling body and the top.

5. The segmented backfilling rapid mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, if the construction resources can only simultaneously excavate two rock drilling tunnels, then the synchronous excavation of the rock drilling tunnels is carried out from bottom to top.

6. The segmented backfilling rapid mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the thickness of the buffer zone (60) is determined based on the stability of the ore body and blasting design calculations.

7. The segmented backfilling rapid mining method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the charge amount for the shallow hole pre-splitting blast is less than the charge amount for the deep hole main blast in the lower segment.

8. The segmented backfilling rapid mining method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S4, the micro-delay is achieved through a micro-delay detonator or an electronic control system to achieve precise timing control.

9. The segmented backfilling rapid mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the depth and angle of the downward shallow hole (40) and the upward medium-deep hole (50) are calculated and determined based on the ore body hardness and thickness parameters.

10. The segmented backfilling rapid mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the size of the ore blocks in the coordinated ore-falling process is controlled within a preset range.

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