Dynamic rotatable sheet-shaped three-dimensional capillary container structure and use method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of evaporative cooling, and particularly relates to a dynamic rotatable sheet-shaped three-dimensional capillary container structure and a using method. The dynamic rotatable sheet-shaped three-dimensional capillary container structure comprises a water tank, a plurality of capillary container sheets are arranged in the water tank, the capillary container sheets are fixed on a rolling shaft, the rolling shaft is connected with a motor, a fan is further arranged on the water tank, an air inlet is formed in the bottom of the water tank, and liquid is contained in the water tank. A rotary sheet-shaped three-dimensional capillary container structure is introduced, and discrete and spatially distributed liquid drops are formed by capillary acting force, so that the contact area and the contact time of water and air are remarkably increased. The structure can more effectively retain moisture and enable the moisture to evaporate more uniformly, and dynamic rotation ensures continuous renewal of a water and air interface and enhances diffusion of water vapor through forced convection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of evaporative cooling technology, specifically relating to a dynamic rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of industrialization, urbanization, and high-heat-load scenarios (such as data centers, steel, power, and chemical industries), higher demands are being placed on efficient, energy-saving, and low-carbon environmental control systems. Evaporative cooling, as a green cooling technology that utilizes the latent heat of water phase change to cool air, has been widely used in building air conditioning systems, industrial cooling towers, and agricultural facilities. Existing evaporative cooling technologies mainly include two categories: direct evaporative cooling (DEC) and indirect evaporative cooling (IEC). Among them, direct evaporative cooling has become an important direction in the field of thermal management due to its simple structure, low energy consumption, and high cooling efficiency.

[0003] Currently, DEC systems commonly use static cooling packing materials (such as corrugated paper pads, honeycomb ceramics, and natural fiber sheets) as the core structure for evaporation. These static packing materials rely on water pump circulation to wet the surface and forced airflow to complete evaporation. However, existing technologies generally suffer from the following defects and shortcomings: 1) Limited gas-liquid contact area limits mass transfer efficiency. Static packing materials are limited by factors such as fixed structure and limited thickness, resulting in insufficient gas-liquid contact area, restricted moisture evaporation, and low humidification and cooling capacity per unit volume.

[0004] 2) Short water retention time and low utilization rate The water film on the surface of the packing material is easily affected by wind speed disturbance or gravity flow, and the actual amount of water that can participate in evaporation is limited, resulting in low water resource utilization efficiency.

[0005] 3) Strong structural lag and poor adaptability Static systems typically rely on constant wind speed and pump flow conditions, making them difficult to adapt to dynamic load environments, resulting in poor adjustment sensitivity and slow response speed.

[0006] 4) Difficult to maintain, prone to contamination and scaling. Paper or natural fiber fillers are prone to dust accumulation, clogging, and bacterial growth, resulting in a short service life, frequent cleaning and replacement, and high maintenance costs.

[0007] While spray-type systems offer rapid humidification, they suffer from drawbacks such as particulate release and droplet instability. Furthermore, recent research has attempted to introduce dynamic structures like rotation or vibration to improve evaporation efficiency, such as rotating filter humidifiers. However, most of these devices primarily focus on filtration-based humidification and have not yet systematically integrated capillary action, three-dimensional water array configurations, and efficient heat and mass transfer into a holistic strategy. How to improve heat and mass transfer efficiency while simultaneously achieving structural compactness, energy efficiency, and adaptability has become a technological bottleneck. Therefore, existing evaporative cooling technologies urgently need breakthroughs in structural design, mass transfer efficiency, water resource utilization, and dynamic response capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dynamic, rotatable, sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure and its usage method, so as to improve heat and mass transfer efficiency while taking into account structural compactness, energy saving and adaptability.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: In a first aspect, this application discloses a dynamic rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure, comprising: a water tank, a plurality of capillary container sheets disposed inside the water tank, the capillary container sheets being fixed on a roller, the roller being connected to a motor, a fan being disposed on the water tank, an air inlet being disposed at the bottom of the water tank, and liquid being contained inside the water tank.

[0010] Preferably, the capillary container sheet is composed of six identical capillary container blades, each capillary container blade is fan-shaped, and adjacent capillary container blades are connected to form a circular structure with a central hole.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of capillary containers are uniformly arranged on the capillary container blades, and the capillary containers are interconnected and arranged in parallel.

[0012] Preferably, the capillary container is a millimeter-scale polyhedral frame structure, including cubes, regular hexahedrons, regular octahedrons, regular dodecahedrons, and regular icosahedrons.

[0013] Preferably, the water tank is provided with a water tank cover, and the water tank cover has a through hole. The fan is installed at the through hole of the water tank cover to form a passage with the gas inside the water tank.

[0014] Preferably, the capillary container sheet is integrally formed by 3D printing from a photocurable resin material.

[0015] Preferably, the liquid level in the water tank is at the same height as the center of the capillary container sheet.

[0016] Preferably, the distance between the capillary container sheets is 3-4 mm.

[0017] Secondly, this application discloses a method of using a dynamically rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure, including: Start the motor and fan. The motor drives the roller to rotate, and the roller drives the capillary container sheet to rotate. The capillary container thin sheet carries the liquid to form a cubic liquid array. The fan draws in ambient air from the air inlet at the bottom of the water tank, guides the ambient air upward through several capillary container thin sheets, and discharges it from the top of the water tank, forming a gas-liquid interface.

[0018] Preferably, the capillary container sheet is composed of six identical capillary container blades, and a plurality of capillary containers are evenly arranged on the capillary container blades, thus comprising: Start the motor and fan. The motor drives the roller to rotate, and the roller drives the capillary container sheet to rotate. The capillary container protrudes from the liquid surface and drives the liquid to form a cubic liquid array. The fan draws in ambient air from the air inlet at the bottom of the water tank, guides the ambient air upward through several capillary container plates, and discharges it from the top of the water tank, forming a gas-liquid interface.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This application discloses a dynamic, rotatable, sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure. It utilizes the capillary forces of several capillary container sheets to form discrete, spatially distributed droplets, significantly increasing the contact area and contact time between water and air. This structure can more effectively retain moisture and allow it to evaporate more uniformly. Simultaneously, dynamic rotation ensures continuous renewal of the water-air interface and enhances water vapor diffusion through forced convection. The structure integrates multiple capillary container sheets mounted on a rotating shaft with an externally applied airflow, forming a powerful dynamic interface that supports continuous and efficient heat and moisture exchange. During operation, the capillary container sheets stably capture and store moisture using capillary forces during rotation, overcoming the water residence time limitations of traditional packing materials. Combined with a counter-current ventilation design, the gas-liquid contact area is larger than that of traditional two-dimensional folded structures. This effectively solves the core contradictions of insufficient gas-liquid contact, short water residence time, and limited steam in evaporative cooling systems. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a dynamic rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the dynamic rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The scale bar is 2 mm.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process of a dynamic rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure rotating and gradually filling with water in water, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The scale bar is 2 cm.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the evaporation rate under different numbers of flakes in the structure of this invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the evaporation amount when there are 30 pieces with different densities in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the evaporation rate of the 30-piece structure in this embodiment of the invention under different constant water temperatures for one hour.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of the performance coefficients under different initial water temperatures according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] The components are: 1. Fan; 2. Motor; 3. Water tank cover; 4. Capillary container sheet; 401. Capillary container blade; 402. Capillary container; 5. Roller; 6. Water tank; 7. Air inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0030] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0031] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] Furthermore, the use of the term "horizontal" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: See Figure 1 This application discloses a dynamic, rotatable, sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure, comprising: a water tank 6, within which are disposed several capillary container sheets 4, the capillary container sheets 4 being fixed on rollers 5, the rollers 5 being connected to a motor 2, a fan 1 being disposed on the water tank 6, and an air inlet 7 being disposed at the bottom of the water tank 6, the water tank 6 containing liquid. Relying on capillary forces (i.e., the phenomenon of spontaneous adsorption and diffusion of liquid in micropores), the liquid in the water tank 6 forms a discrete and spatially uniformly distributed thin water film on the millimeter-scale capillary container sheets 4. The motor 2 drives the rollers 5 to rotate, causing the sheets to move continuously, dynamically updating the contact interface between the water film and the air, preventing interface stagnation. Simultaneously, the external airflow generated by the fan 1 enters the water tank 6 through the air inlet 7, forming forced convection and enhancing the diffusion efficiency of water vapor. This synergistic effect of rotation and airflow creates a continuously refreshed dynamic gas-liquid interface, supporting an efficient and stable heat and moisture exchange process. This design is simple and reliable, and through mechanical rotation and airflow control, it achieves dynamic renewal of the water film and efficient evaporation.

[0036] In some embodiments, the capillary container sheet 4 is composed of six identical capillary container blades 401, each fan-shaped, with adjacent blades connected to form a ring structure with a central aperture. Designing the sheet as a ring structure of six identical fan-shaped blades ensures dynamic balance during rotation, reducing vibration and energy consumption. The central aperture not only serves structurally for connection and fixation with the roller 5, but also creates a low-resistance central airflow channel during rotation. When the ring structure rotates, air can pass through both between the blades and through the central aperture simultaneously. This multi-path design enhances the forced convection effect, resulting in more thorough contact between the airflow and the water film on the blade surface, and higher water vapor diffusion efficiency.

[0037] In some embodiments, a plurality of capillary containers 402 are uniformly disposed on the capillary container blade 401, and the capillary containers 402 are interconnected and arranged in parallel. This constructs a dense and interconnected parallel capillary network, optimizing the lateral transport and longitudinal distribution of liquid on the blade surface. Each individual capillary container 402 acts as a tiny liquid storage and transport unit, capable of adsorbing and holding liquid through capillary forces. When these capillary containers 402 are interconnected and arranged in parallel, they form a continuous capillary channel network. This design ensures that liquid can be rapidly and uniformly distributed across the entire blade surface, like flowing through parallel streams, effectively preventing "dry spots" caused by insufficient local liquid supply and laying the microscopic foundation for the formation of a large-area uniform water film. Furthermore, the interconnected parallel structure enhances the mechanical stability of the entire blade structure, making it less susceptible to damage under high-speed rotation.

[0038] In some embodiments, the capillary container 402 is a millimeter-scale polyhedral framework structure, including regular polyhedra such as cubes, hexahedrons, octahedrons, dodecahedrons, and icosahedrons. These regular polyhedra have fixed edges, corners, and faces, and can firmly lock the liquid inside the framework through the strong capillary forces generated by their edges. The liquid preferentially wets and adheres to these slender edges, forming a discrete, thin-film liquid surface covering the entire framework space, rather than filling the entire solid. This structure disperses the liquid into a thin film adhering to the three-dimensional skeleton, thereby achieving an exponential increase in the gas-liquid contact area within a limited space.

[0039] In some embodiments, the water tank 6 is provided with a water tank cover 3, which has a through hole. The fan 1 is installed at the through hole of the water tank cover 3, forming a passage with the gas inside the water tank 6. By installing multiple capillary container sheets 4 around the rotating shaft and driving them to rotate slowly by a motor 2 (low-speed stepper motor), each capillary container 402 on the capillary container sheet 4 is alternately immersed in liquid and exposed to airflow. The system adopts a top fan 1 design, driving air through the capillary structure region along a counter-current path opposite to the direction of rotation, extending the residence time of air at the humid interface, and improving the gas-liquid heat and mass transfer efficiency.

[0040] In some embodiments, a unique sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container sheet 4 was designed using modeling software (3ds Max 2022) and printed using a 3D printer (Whale3 Ultra) with a photocurable resin as the raw material. After printing, it was cleaned with 95% ethanol and then further cured to improve its structural stability and performance. The cured capillary container sheet 4 was then placed in a vacuum plasma cleaner for hydrophilic treatment. The plasma treatment power was 300W. The hydrophilically treated sample was mounted on a rotating shaft, with 50% of its surface area immersed in a water tank 6 (27.0 × 26.5 × 16.5 cm). 3 The motor maintains a constant rotation speed of 5 rpm. The axial fan (outlet size 8.5 × 9 cm) is also present. 2 An airflow of 3 m / s is generated. The airflow is drawn in from the bottom of the water tank 6, passes upward through the multi-layer capillary container sheet 4 structure, and is then discharged from the side of the top fan 1. The uniformly distributed capillary container sheets 4 form a counter-current contact with the airflow through rotation, thereby optimizing gas-liquid exchange.

[0041] In some embodiments, the capillary container sheet 4 is integrally formed by 3D printing of a photocurable resin material. This invention proposes a three-dimensional capillary container 402 constructed using a millimeter-scale polyhedral framework (such as a cube, hexahedron, octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron), suitable for capturing and stably storing liquids. This structure, integrally formed by 3D printing of a photocurable resin material, utilizes capillary action to form a discrete water film array inside the container, thereby significantly improving water retention capacity and gas-liquid interface density per unit volume, enhancing evaporative cooling and humidification efficiency.

[0042] More preferably, the capillary container sheet 4 is formed in one step by 3D printing, and then the hydrophilicity and surface wetting stability are improved by ethanol cleaning and vacuum plasma treatment, which is suitable for mass production and batch application.

[0043] In some embodiments, the liquid level in the water tank 6 is at the same height as the center of the capillary container sheet 4.

[0044] In some embodiments, the distance between the capillary container sheets 4 is 3-4 mm. When the capillary container sheets 4 rotate, this spacing ensures that a sufficient number of sheet units are arranged within a limited space to provide a large total evaporation area, while avoiding excessively narrow airflow channels due to insufficient spacing. If the spacing is too small, airflow resistance will increase significantly, not only increasing the energy consumption of the fan 1 but also making it easier for stagnant air boundary layers to form between the sheets, hindering the timely diffusion of water vapor. Conversely, if the spacing is too large, the effective evaporation area per unit volume will decrease, reducing overall efficiency. Therefore, a spacing of 3-4 mm aims to create an optimal airflow environment that generates sufficient turbulence to enhance mass transfer while maintaining low flow resistance.

[0045] In some embodiments, the present invention establishes a scalable capillary container 402 structural design method. The polyhedral frame structure uses connecting rods as the edges of the polyhedral frame, and the polyhedral frame structures are connected by connecting rods. The side length 'a' of the polyhedral frame structure, the radius 'r' of the connecting rod, and the distance between the connecting rod and each edge are 2L. By adjusting the ratio between the side length 'a' of the frame structure and the radius 'r' of the connecting rod, the condition a – 2r is less than 2L is met. Furthermore, the structural density (such as arrangement density and number of blades) can be adjusted according to application requirements, thereby achieving performance control and system adjustability under different ventilation and liquid conditions.

[0046] In some embodiments, this application proposes a capillary container sheet 4 structure. Each capillary container sheet 4 is composed of six identical capillary container blades 401, on which a plurality of capillary containers 402 are uniformly arranged, and the capillary containers 402 in each capillary container blade 401 are interconnected and arranged in parallel. Under the action of capillary force, each capillary container 402 captures and stores a certain amount of liquid while passing through the liquid. This structure can maximize the gas-liquid contact area while reducing the solid area, breaking through the barrier of large cooling pad volume and insufficient gas-liquid contact area in traditional direct evaporative cooling systems. This paper applies this structure to a rolling humidification and cooling system. Since the capillary container 402 can very stably capture water inside the container, the water captured by the capillary container 402 will not flow out during the rotation of the shaft, greatly increasing the water residence time. At the same time, the device drives the capillary container sheet 4 to rotate through the shaft, combined with the counter-flow ventilation design, effectively extending the water residence time and air mass transfer path while increasing the gas-liquid contact area. This design enhances gas-liquid heat transfer, accelerating water cooling while increasing the system's evaporation rate. Experiments show that the 30-piece sheet structure (each sheet containing a total of 432 capillary containers 402) can humidify 416 grams of water in one hour, reducing 80°C water to approximately 14°C within 15 minutes. When the water temperature in tank 6 remains constant at 35°C, the evaporation rate reaches 1415 grams per hour.

[0047] In some embodiments, this application is compatible with multiple liquid types (including water, salt water, ethanol, etc.) and is suitable for humidity control, air purification, or heat exchange scenarios in different working environments. The capillary container sheet 4 structure can be designed and its materials adjusted according to the surface tension characteristics of the liquid to maintain efficient water capture and uniform evaporation performance.

[0048] In some embodiments, to address the shortcomings of existing evaporative cooling systems in terms of mass transfer efficiency, water utilization, and dynamic response, this invention provides a roller-type capillary container thin-film humidification and cooling device. Through systematic innovation in structure and principle, it achieves the goal of integrated humidification and cooling with high efficiency and stable operation. First, this invention introduces a capillary container thin-film structure 4, designed with multiple capillary container blades 401 assembled into a fan-shaped thin film, evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the roller. The capillary containers 402 on each capillary container blade 401 can overcome gravity through capillary force, capturing water and maintaining a stable water film during rotation. This significantly enhances water adhesion and storage capacity, maintains a large gas-liquid interface in the evaporation zone, prevents rapid water evaporation, and improves the evaporation rate per unit time and water resource utilization. Second, addressing the problems of fixed gas-liquid contact surfaces in existing static structures, which easily lead to boundary layer stagnation and reduced local mass transfer efficiency over long-term operation; and the system's slow response to environmental changes. This application utilizes a motor 2-driven roller 5 to rotate the capillary container sheet 4 at low speed, creating a dynamically updated wet surface and changing the traditional "fixed" state of wet curtains. This significantly increases the contact frequency between air and water film, allowing each capillary surface to be periodically exposed to air, effectively breaking the boundary layer, increasing evaporation flux, and enhancing the system's adaptability to load changes. Finally, traditional evaporation packings often employ co-current or parallel-current designs, resulting in low cooling efficiency, insufficient heat and moisture exchange, and energy loss. This invention uses a counter-current arrangement in the duct system where air flows from bottom to top through the rotating capillary container sheet 4. The fan 1 is installed at the top of the device, and the air is discharged after passing through the water-absorbing capillary container sheet 4. Throughout the flow path, the air remains in contact with the freshest, lowest-temperature wet surface, ensuring high evaporation potential, maximizing heat and mass transfer efficiency, reducing air outlet temperature, and achieving superior isenthalpic cooling.

[0049] In some embodiments, the fixed structural parameters of the packing material in the prior art cannot simultaneously balance humidification capacity and air resistance, resulting in limited performance. This device adjusts the number of blades ( N ) and density of a single-blade container ( C=432 is the optimal value), and the optimal combination of structural parameters was determined in actual tests. This application can obtain the maximum specific surface area and mass transfer path without significantly increasing wind resistance. The humidification capacity of the blades can reach 416 grams per hour, and the water temperature of 80°C can be reduced to about 14°C within 15 minutes. When the water temperature in water tank 6 is kept constant at 35°C, the evaporation rate reaches 1415 grams per hour.

[0050] In some embodiments, traditional evaporative cooling pads suffer from high rigidity, limited installation locations, and restricted application scenarios, making them unsuitable for diverse needs such as industrial high-temperature wastewater cooling and mobile air conditioning modules. The device of this invention features a modular structure and adjustable components, allowing for flexible adaptation to different scenarios by changing the roller size, blade number, and control strategy. The entire system is applicable to various thermal management scenarios in construction, industry, and agriculture, serving as both an indoor humidification module and an industrial high-temperature wastewater pretreatment system, demonstrating broad application prospects. The roller-type humidification and cooling system described in this invention can be widely applied to industrial high-temperature liquid cooling, environmental humidity regulation, data center cooling, building ventilation, and agricultural climate control. Its structural design exhibits strong adaptability and scalability, achieving significant cooling and humidification effects without relying on refrigerants, demonstrating excellent energy-saving and carbon-reduction potential.

[0051] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown in the diagram, the principle of humidification and cooling using a rolling capillary container is illustrated. A thin capillary container 4 is mounted on a rotating roller 5, with approximately half its height submerged in water. As the roller 5 slowly rotates, the polyhedral frame structure on the capillary container 4 gradually emerges from the water surface. Driven by capillary action, water is stably trapped within the polyhedral frame structure, forming a cubic water array and establishing a wide gas-liquid interface in the air. A top-mounted fan 1 draws in ambient air from the air inlet 7 at the bottom of the water tank 6, guiding the airflow upwards through the capillary container 4 and then discharging it from the top of the water tank 6. The capillary container 4 rotates counterclockwise, creating a counter-current contact with the air to improve gas-liquid exchange efficiency.

[0052] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, during equipment operation, fan 1 drives air to enter water tank 6 from the bottom in a counter-current manner and exit from the top. During this process, the air passes through capillary container sheets 4 filled with a water array, ensuring full contact between the air and water. Water evaporates, absorbing heat while simultaneously lowering the ambient temperature and increasing air humidity, thus achieving synergistic humidification and cooling. The interaction between air and the surface of capillary container 402, as well as the cubic droplet array, are illustrated.

[0053] In some embodiments, Figure 3The water capture mechanism is shown. Each capillary container sheet 4 is divided into six identical sector units. Every 60° rotation, a new sector unit is immersed in water. This water replenishment system based on periodic rotation ensures a continuous and stable water supply and delivery throughout the entire operation.

[0054] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, the experiment was conducted under controlled environmental conditions (ambient temperature: 20℃; relative humidity: 25%; initial water temperature: 20℃; outlet airflow velocity: 3 m / s). With increasing number of flakes, the evaporation capacity significantly increased, from 66 grams per hour (0 flakes) to 416 grams per hour (30 flakes), an increase of more than six times. After an initial stabilization period of 20 minutes, the system maintained a stable water temperature of 13-18℃ across all tested flake numbers. Within this temperature range, the evaporation driving force ( The evaporation rate remained within a relatively low range (0.005-0.007 kPa / K) with minimal variation. The evaporation mass exhibited a near-linear increase over time, indicating the establishment of a quasi-steady-state evaporation rate and demonstrating the superior humidification capability of the capillary container sheet 4.

[0055] In some embodiments, Figure 5 As shown, the humidification capacity increases with increasing structural density, reaching 493 grams per hour when the density of a single sheet is 432. This trend indicates that the increased gas-liquid interface formed by the high-density structure is crucial for performance improvement. The initial water temperature in this experiment was increased by 40°C (ambient temperature: 20°C, relative humidity: 25%). After 20 minutes of operation, the evaporation rate remained relatively stable (evaporation rate increased linearly with time). This is because the water temperature tended to be constant after 20 minutes, effectively maintaining isothermal evaporation. The average evaporation rate over 1 hour still showed an approximately linear relationship with the density of a single sheet. This is because the water temperature dropped rapidly in the initial stage of evaporation, having little impact on the overall evaporation process. The system exhibited isothermal evaporation characteristics at low temperatures (10.1°C-14.1°C).

[0056] In some embodiments, Figure 6 As shown, when using capillary container sheets 4 (30 sheets, single sheet density 432) with fixed parameters, the water temperature is precisely controlled at constant levels of 23℃, 26℃, 29℃, 32℃, and 35℃ via a heating device in water tank 6 (the laboratory environment remains the same as before). Water temperature ( T w Maintaining stability allows the system to provide a continuous driving force for evaporation, thereby significantly improving humidification capacity. It is worth noting that when... T w At 35°C, the evaporated mass reached 1415 grams in one hour. Under isothermal evaporation conditions, the evaporation mass maintained a strong linear relationship with time. Therefore, maintaining a constant...T w It has three main advantages: 1) enhanced humidification capacity, 2) improved system stability and durability, and 3) minimized performance fluctuations caused by temperature changes. Compared to variable temperature operation, isothermal conditions ensure steady-state system performance, thereby achieving superior humidification efficiency and energy utilization.

[0057] In some embodiments, Figure 7 As shown, the experimental study evaluated the cooling performance of the capillary container sheet 4 under six controlled initial water temperatures (30-80℃, in increments of 10℃) to systematically quantify its temperature-dependent characteristics. Higher initial water temperatures enhance heat dissipation during the initial evaporation stage, thereby improving humidification capacity and producing a more significant humidification effect. The higher the initial temperature, the higher the coefficient of performance (COP) of the capillary container sheet 4. High-temperature water exhibits a dual exothermic effect during cooling: part of it drives water evaporation, and the other part heats the air. Heat transfer to the air continues until the water temperature approaches ambient temperature (approximately 20℃). Beyond this critical point, evaporation becomes dominant, causing the outlet air temperature to drop below the inlet temperature. The capillary container sheet 4, with its large gas-liquid interface and water retention capacity, can rapidly reduce the water temperature and effectively transfer moisture to the air, lowering the water temperature from 80℃ to approximately 14℃ within 15 minutes. This powerful cooling capacity provides an efficient and low-energy-consumption solution for industrial high-temperature fluid handling (e.g., metallurgical quenching, chemical waste heat recovery) and energy-saving retrofitting of building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems.

[0058] In summary, this invention systematically solves the key problems of inefficiency, instability, and poor adaptability in existing evaporative cooling devices through innovative structural combinations and improved operation. The invention has a clear overall structure, well-defined functions, and is industrially feasible, providing a new, efficient, reliable, and sustainable path for the development of humidification and cooling technology.

[0059] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamically rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure, characterized in that, include: Water tank (6), several capillary container sheets (4) are installed inside the water tank (6), the capillary container sheets (4) are fixed on the roller (5), the roller (5) is connected to the motor (2), the water tank (6) is also equipped with a fan (1), the bottom of the water tank (6) is equipped with an air inlet (7), and the water tank (6) is filled with liquid.

2. The dynamically rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The capillary container sheet (4) is composed of six identical capillary container blades (401). Each capillary container blade (401) is fan-shaped, and adjacent capillary container blades (401) are connected to form a circular structure with a central hole.

3. The dynamically rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, Several capillary containers (402) are uniformly arranged on the capillary container blade (401), and the capillary containers (402) are connected to each other and arranged in parallel.

4. The dynamically rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The capillary container (402) is a millimeter-scale polyhedral frame structure, including cubes, regular hexahedrons, regular octahedrons, regular dodecahedrons and regular icosahedrons.

5. The dynamically rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water tank (6) is provided with a water tank cover (3), and a through hole is provided on the water tank cover (3). The fan (1) is installed at the through hole of the water tank cover (3) to form a passage with the gas inside the water tank (6).

6. The dynamically rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The capillary container sheet (4) is integrally formed by 3D printing of photocurable resin material.

7. The dynamically rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid level in the water tank (6) is at the same height as the center of the capillary container sheet (4).

8. The dynamically rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the capillary container sheets (4) is 3-4 mm.

9. A method of using the dynamically rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, include: Start the motor (2) and the fan (1). The motor (2) drives the roller (5) to rotate, and the roller (5) drives the capillary container sheet (4) to rotate. The capillary container sheet (4) drives the liquid to form a cubic liquid array. The fan (1) draws in ambient air from the air inlet (7) at the bottom of the water tank, guides the ambient air upward through several capillary container sheets (4), and discharges it from the top of the water tank to form a gas-liquid interface.

10. The method of using the dynamically rotatable sheet-like three-dimensional capillary container structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The capillary container sheet (4) is composed of six identical capillary container blades (401), and a plurality of capillary containers (402) are evenly arranged on the capillary container blades (401), which includes: Start the motor (2) and the fan (1). The motor (2) drives the roller (5) to rotate, and the roller (5) drives the capillary container sheet (4) to rotate. The capillary container (402) is exposed above the liquid surface and drives the liquid to form a cubic liquid array. The fan (1) draws in ambient air from the air inlet (7) at the bottom of the water tank, guides the ambient air upward through several capillary container sheets (4), and discharges it from the top of the water tank to form a gas-liquid interface.

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